GB1591036A - Combined convector and thermal storage space heater - Google Patents
Combined convector and thermal storage space heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1591036A GB1591036A GB4774/77A GB477477A GB1591036A GB 1591036 A GB1591036 A GB 1591036A GB 4774/77 A GB4774/77 A GB 4774/77A GB 477477 A GB477477 A GB 477477A GB 1591036 A GB1591036 A GB 1591036A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cabinet
- heater
- heat store
- heat
- convector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
- F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
- F24H7/0208—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid using electrical energy supply
- F24H7/0216—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer fluid being air
- F24H7/0225—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer fluid being air with supplementary heating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/128—Preventing overheating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/204—Temperature of the air before heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
- F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2064—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters
- F24H9/2071—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters using electrical energy supply
- F24H9/2078—Storage heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D10/00—District heating systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/17—District heating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
(54) COMBINED CONVECTOR AND THERMAL STORAGE SPACE HEATER
(71) We, SOCIETE PRL, a French Societe Anonyme, of 32, rue du Landy - 93300
Aubervilliers, France, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
The invention relates to a combined convector and thermal storage space heater.
Storage heaters operate by heating a heat store comprising a storage block of heat-absorbing material - usually concrete - by means of cheap-rate electricity at night.
During the day the electricity is cut off and heat is allowed to leak from the storage block to warm the environment.
A disadvantage of storage heaters is that they are difficult to regulate. If a high-capacity storage heater is used and much heat is stored during the night, the temperature of the heat store is high in the morning and a considerable amount of heat is given off. This can be uncomfortable, particularly if the ambient temperature is high. Conversely, if a low-capacity storage heater is used and less heat is stored during the night, the heating capacity of the heater in the afternoon may be insufficient.
In order to overcome this problem, it has been proposed to use a medium-capacity storage heater in combination with a convector heater. The convector heater is switched on, perhaps manually or automatically, only when necessary to boost the output from the storage heater.
It is convenient to mount the convector heater and the storage heater together. A prior proposal has been simply to mount a conventional storage heater cabinet in contact with a conventional convector heater cabinet to provide a combined unit. This arrangement has been found to be unsatisfactory in practice.
A conventional storage heater comprises the heat store in which heating elements are mounted, the cabinet, and a quantity of heat insulation packed between the heat store and the cabinet. Heat leaks through the insulation from the heat store to the cabinet. The cabinet warms the environment by radiation and convection. Thus, the cabinet can be relatively hot, particularly in the early morning. For safety reasons, the maximum temperature of a heater cabinet must not be allowed to rise above a certain maximum. The only way of reducing cabinet temperature for a given heat store in a conventional storage heater is to increase the amount of insulation.
It is similarly necessary to ensure that the temperature of a convector heater cabinet is not too high in operation. Thus, both storage heaters and convector heaters are designed so that under normal circumstances their cabinet temperatures do not exceed a predetermined maximum. It is found that a mere juxtaposition of a conventional storage heater with a conventional convector heater results in the cabinets heating each other. The resulting temperature distribution of the cabinets is uneven and local temperatures achieved can be very high indeed. This is unacceptable for general use since there is a danger of injury. One way of alleviating this problem is to provide more insulation in the storage heater.
However, this adversely affects the heating characteristics of the heater, as well as adding to the bulk and expense.
The present invention approaches the problem in a different way. Instead of filling the space between the heat store and the cabinet of the storage heater with insulation material, an air space is left. In addition, one or more convector heater elements are mounted in the same cabinet. Thus, air circulates around the heat store and, in passing up through the cabinet receives heat from the heat store. This is in contradistinction to conventional storage heaters, where the heat is extracted from the heat store by conduction through the insulation to the cabinet.
According to the invention, there is provided a space heater comprising a cabinet with an upper air outlet and a lower air inlet to allow the passage of convection air through the cabinet; a heat store within the cabinet comprising at least one heat storage block and electric heating elements mounted in the heat store; one or more electric convector heater elements mounted within the cabinet beneath the heat store; an air space around the heat store to allow the convection air to pass between the heat store and the cabinet; and a thermostat for sensing the temperature of the incoming air and for controlling the or each convector heater element.
Mounting the or each convector heater element beneath the heat store encourages the existing convection flow of air and assists in ensuring an even temperature distribution of the cabinet.
The arrangement described offers the further advantage that it is possible to achieve a required cabinet temperature simply by adjusting the overall size of the cabinet, for a given heat store. Thus, if the cabinet height is raised then the cabinet temperature will be lower.
Also, it is possible to mount, within the cabinet, a temperature cut-out to ensure that all power is switched off in the event of the temperature of the cabinet rising too high.
Preferably the heat store has a surrounding layer of thermal insulation.
The invention will further be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view, broken in part, of a space heater in accordance with the invention; and
Figure 2 is a schematic sectional elevation of the heater of Figure 1.
Referring to Figure 1, the heater comprises a sheet metal cabinet 1 in the form of a box.
The cabinet is intended to be free-standing and has a lower air inlet in the form of vents near its base at the front and rear. The front vents are shown at 2. Further, an upper air outlet in the form of upper outlet, vents is shown at the top of the cabinet at 3.
Within the cabinet is mounted a heat store. This comprises a stack of concrete storage blocks 5. There are four layers of blocks. Between the lower two layers of blocks is mounted a U-shaped electric heating element 6. Between the upper two layers of blocks is mounted a similar electric heating element 7. The heat store has a layer of thermally insulating material 8 surrounding the stack of blocks 5.
The arrangement described thus far is a storage heater. When cheap-rate electricity is available during the night, the elements 6 and 7 are connected to the electricity supply to heat the stack of blocks 5. The supply is cut off in the morning and the heated blpcks give heat to the air.
Beneath the heat store is mounted a pair of electric convector heater elements 9. These elements have V-shaped fins of the kind described in co-pending Patent Application No.
2764/76 Serial No. 1535561.
Figure 1 shows a thermostat 10 with a manual regulator 11 for sensing the temperature of incoming air and switching on the convector heater elements 9 when necessary. Also, there is a temperature cut-out 12 which senses the temperature of the top of the cabinet and switches off the electricity supply if there should be over-heating.
Figure 2 shows the manner in which air is heated. Air entering the vents 2 passes around both sides of the heat store 4 and is heated by the heat store to pass through the vents 3 and back to the room. If the temperature of the air as sensed by the thermostat 10 should fall too low, then the convector heater elements 9 are switched on and this adds heat to the incoming air. In being situated beneath the heat store, the elements 9, when switched on, assist in the existing convection flow of air around the store 4.
It will be seen that the air space 13 around heat store allows convection air to flow. In addition to efficiently heating the environment, the passage of convection air in this way insulates the cabinet 1 from the heat store so that for a given heating capacity, the cabinet temperature is relatively low. Also, with the arrangement described, the heat distribution around the cabinet is even. For example, the temperature of the blocks 5 may reach 300"C, but the cabinet temperature can be maintained at 900C or less.
The invention is not restricted to the details of the embodiment described above. For example, in some embodiments the insulation layer around the heat store may be dispensed with. There may be more heat storage blocks in the stack. For example, the arrangement shown is suitable for a 1000 watt heater, where each of the elements 6 and 7 are of 500 watt rating. An additional layer of blocks at the top of the stack would allow more heat to be stored and each element 6 and 7 could then be of 750 watt rating, for example. Greater ratings could be achieved by more stacks of blocks and more heating elements.
Claims (4)
1. A space heater comprising a cabinet with an upper air outlet and a lower air inlet to allow the passage of convection air through the cabinet; a heat store within the cabinet comprising at least one heat storage block and electric heating elements mounted in the heat store; one or more electric convector heater elements mounted within the cabinet beneath the heat store; an air space around the heat store to allow the convection air to pass between the heat store and the cabinet; and a thermostat for sensing the temperature of the incoming air and for controlling the or each convector heater element.
2. A space heater as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the heat store has a surrounding layer of insulation.
3. A space heater as claimed in any preceding claim including a cut-out responsive to temperature of the cabinet, for switching off all power to the elements in the event of the cabinet temperature rising too high.
4. A combined convector and thermal storage space heater substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB4774/77A GB1591036A (en) | 1977-02-04 | 1977-02-04 | Combined convector and thermal storage space heater |
DE19787802324U DE7802324U1 (en) | 1977-02-04 | 1978-01-26 | COMBINED CONVECTION AND HEAT STORAGE |
DE19782803388 DE2803388A1 (en) | 1977-02-04 | 1978-01-26 | COMBINED CONVECTION AND HEAT STOVE |
FR7803129A FR2379773A1 (en) | 1977-02-04 | 1978-02-03 | COMBINED CONVECTION AND ACCUMULATION HEATING UNIT |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB4774/77A GB1591036A (en) | 1977-02-04 | 1977-02-04 | Combined convector and thermal storage space heater |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1591036A true GB1591036A (en) | 1981-06-10 |
Family
ID=9783568
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB4774/77A Expired GB1591036A (en) | 1977-02-04 | 1977-02-04 | Combined convector and thermal storage space heater |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (2) | DE2803388A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2379773A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1591036A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0188892A1 (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1986-07-30 | Dip Limited | Electrical heaters |
ES2242525A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-11-01 | Jose Luis Flores Torre | Modular electric radiator for use as electric heater, has aluminum profiles individually formed with parallel heat dissipating fins and incorporated with heating plate |
WO2008059087A1 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-22 | Climastar Global Company, S.L. | Compact heat accumulator |
CN101799188A (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2010-08-11 | 宁波市鄞州红杉树电器制造有限公司 | Auxiliary convection heat-accumulating type heater |
GB2543131A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-04-12 | Merry Hall Ltd | Improvements to radiator apparatus |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4311898A (en) * | 1980-03-14 | 1982-01-19 | Mcmillan Charles G | Electric baseboard heat storage apparatus and method of conversion |
HU180406B (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1983-03-28 | Miklos Hars | Electric storage heater of closed system |
SE443041B (en) * | 1983-07-19 | 1986-02-10 | Karl Gustaf Harry Elg | ELECTRIC HEATED HEATING ELEMENT WITH ACCUMULATING PROPERTIES |
DE3910247A1 (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1989-08-17 | Friedrich Margraf | Heating furnace for a hot air heating system having electrical heat generation for living rooms and lounges |
FR2710733B1 (en) * | 1993-09-29 | 1995-12-22 | Manfred Huber | Electric heater of the radiator type with two combined heat sources. |
DE4432969C2 (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1997-09-04 | Kulmbacher Klimageraete | Static electric storage heater |
FR3035199B1 (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2018-07-27 | Muller & Cie | RADIANT HEATING APPARATUS COMPRISING A THERMALLY INERTIATED HEATING ELEMENT |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7407371U (en) * | 1974-09-26 | Roechling & Co | Electric heater | |
DE722106C (en) * | 1939-01-04 | 1942-07-01 | Elisabeth Dreger Geb Thiel | Electrically heated oven |
GB1201606A (en) * | 1966-10-03 | 1970-08-12 | English Electric Co Ltd | Electric storage heaters |
CH493797A (en) * | 1968-03-28 | 1970-07-15 | Mantel Ag Geb | Electric heat storage heater |
DE1994813U (en) * | 1968-07-20 | 1968-10-17 | Schmitz & Apelt Industrieofenb | ELECTRIC STORAGE STOVE. |
DE1812015A1 (en) * | 1968-11-30 | 1970-06-18 | Licentia Gmbh | Thermal storage heater |
GB1255377A (en) * | 1969-12-12 | 1971-12-01 | Burco Dean Ltd | Improvements in or relating to controlled output thermal storage systems |
DE2007297A1 (en) * | 1970-02-18 | 1971-09-02 | Scholl, Prof Dr Ing Gunter, 7000 Stuttgart | Night electricity storage heater |
DE2110620A1 (en) * | 1971-03-05 | 1972-09-14 | Wilhelm Emmerich | Control element for remote adjustment of the air supply flap in combined electrical heating devices, consisting of a heat storage tank and convector |
AT330909B (en) * | 1974-06-24 | 1976-07-26 | Eht Ges Fur Elektro Heizungste | HOT STORAGE OVEN |
-
1977
- 1977-02-04 GB GB4774/77A patent/GB1591036A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-01-26 DE DE19782803388 patent/DE2803388A1/en active Granted
- 1978-01-26 DE DE19787802324U patent/DE7802324U1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-02-03 FR FR7803129A patent/FR2379773A1/en active Granted
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0188892A1 (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1986-07-30 | Dip Limited | Electrical heaters |
GB2175080A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1986-11-19 | Dip Limited | Electrical heaters |
GB2175080B (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1989-04-26 | Dip Limited | Electrical heaters |
ES2242525A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-11-01 | Jose Luis Flores Torre | Modular electric radiator for use as electric heater, has aluminum profiles individually formed with parallel heat dissipating fins and incorporated with heating plate |
WO2008059087A1 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-22 | Climastar Global Company, S.L. | Compact heat accumulator |
CN101799188A (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2010-08-11 | 宁波市鄞州红杉树电器制造有限公司 | Auxiliary convection heat-accumulating type heater |
CN101799188B (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2013-10-02 | 宁波市鄞州红杉树电器制造有限公司 | Auxiliary convection heat-accumulating type heater |
GB2543131A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-04-12 | Merry Hall Ltd | Improvements to radiator apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2803388C2 (en) | 1988-12-08 |
FR2379773A1 (en) | 1978-09-01 |
DE2803388A1 (en) | 1978-08-10 |
DE7802324U1 (en) | 1980-04-10 |
FR2379773B1 (en) | 1983-07-18 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |