EP0850684B1 - Tile liner for a cylindrical inner surface of mixer - Google Patents

Abstract

Cladding of the inner surface of a cylindrical mixer drum with tiles (22,KK) uses tiles (22) which are large and curved to the same radius as the drum and fitted in co-axial strips. Small tiles (KK), made of abrasion resistant material, are fixed to a portion of these large tiles.

Description

The invention relates to a lining of a cylindrical Inner surface of a mixer with tiles, executed with cylindrical segment Large tiles, which are parallel to surface lines the cylindrical rows of large tiles arranged axially parallel to the cylindrical inner surface are.

Such linings are known from EP-B-0 241 723.
Through the production of the well-known large tiles from "wear cast" or "steel cast" with hardnesses in the order of 560 - 720 HV10 and through the geometrical design of the tiles and in particular their laying and the assignment of the angle of mixing organ edges on the one hand and the angle of individual tile separating joints on the other succeeded in reducing the wear on the tile lining very much and thus extending its service life.

According to DE-A-40 22 172 and the parallel DE-U-90 10 492 the composite tiles supplied as a kit, with at least one small tile has not yet been glued to the associated large tile. When installing in Each composite tile is attached to the mixer trough by means of a plurality of bolts Fixed mixer wall and then expensive relative to the mixer wall aligned. Then the composite tile has to go through the missing small tile uncovered through hole of the large tile with mortar be poured out. Finally, the missing small tile is still open the large tile stuck on.

In the lining for a ball mill known from US-A-4,678,530 a covering layer of small tiles mounted on rubber elements, which a generally have a wavy surface. Because of the waveform and the rubber material, but also due to the specific application "Ball mill" plays the question of the alignment of the individual rubber elements relative to each other, but in particular in an orthogonal to the mill wall Direction, with this lining none or only a subordinate one Role.

It is from DE-A-195 13 183 and EP-A-0 676 235 which is parallel to this known, the lining elements comprising only large tiles interlock with each other in order to relocate their operationally related avoid.

Also from GB-A-1 085 917 and the parallel FR-A-1 416 785 a lining with lining elements comprising only large tiles known.

In contrast, the invention is based, with simpler the task Assembly of the lining elements in the mixer trough the wear of the Lower the lining even further.

This task is accomplished by a mixer liner with the characteristics of Claim 1 solved.

The mixers lined according to the invention are special for the production of liquid, pasty and dry building material mixtures provided, for example for the production of Cement-gravel-sand mixtures with or without the addition of water.

It has been shown that for the manufacture of linings highest wear resistance suitable materials are highly prone to breakage and that the risk of breakage the bigger the bigger the one from the respective wear-resistant Material manufactured cladding parts are. This is one reason why compared to "small tiles" above about "large tiles".

To an idea of the size of the terms. "Large tiles" and Giving "small tiles" is, for example, for large tiles a size of 250 mm x 300 mm side length with approximately rectangular Called outline and for small tiles a size of for example 50 mm x 48 mm, again approximately rectangular Outline.

The only apparently increased effort in the production of Lining, which is that on the one hand you have large tiles and on the other hand small tiles as a covering for the large tiles used justifies how testing the invention has shown in several ways:

By placing the small tiles on large tiles, which in turn on the cylindrical inner surface of each Mixer are attached, the assembly work considerably relieved. Instead of attaching a variety of Small tiles on the inner surface of the mixer under the Interior of the mixer can be confined space one below the small tiles outside the respective mixer Use of helpful devices on the respective large tiles attach and then only needs a much smaller one Number of large tiles that already have small tiles are occupied inside the mixer on its inner surface assemble. The assembly work is made considerably easier, in addition, there are lines for the attachment of the small tiles the large tiles, which takes place outside the mixer, and fastening techniques and associated devices available within the mixer or not under major difficulties could be applied.

The small tiles are attached to the large tiles with a hardening binder, e.g. through a Plastic mortar or an adhesive, in particular a 2-component adhesive, a residual elasticity even after complete hardening owned so that the small tiles are elastically supported are. Care should be taken that the binder the areas of the Large tiles and small tiles are essentially complete covered so that a full support of the small tiles is guaranteed.

Fixing the with small tiles occupied large tiles on the mixer construction can in usual way, e.g. by bolts, the bolts either loosely combined with holes in the respective large tiles can be or the bolts on the large tiles can be attached and through holes in the mixer construction can be passed through, then using nuts to be screwed. In principle, it is also conceivable To fasten bolts to the mixer construction in advance, e.g. festzuschweißen.

A danger loosening the large tiles usually exists for this reason alone not because when mixing cement-gravel-sand mixtures, one of the most common use cases, cement slurry in any Gaps between the large tiles and the inner circumferential surface the mixer can enter and harden, so that the Large tiles, even if they are made without recesses on the back and even if they face equidistance errors the inner circumferential surface, come to rest.

The small tiles can be essentially plane-parallel or in turn cylindrical segment-shaped be trained. The use of plane-parallel Small tiles has the advantage that these are often on the market are available more easily and cheaply and in a variety of sizes are available. Whether plane-parallel small tiles or cylindrical segment-shaped small tiles are used, depends on a variety of requirements, for example of the availability of the respective small tiles, however also from the laying and fastening technology. This is followed in individual still received when using fastening techniques is spoken.

It doesn't matter whether it is plane-parallel or cylindrically curved it is advisable to place the small tiles in the surface lines of the large tiles to lay parallel rows of small tiles; this applies especially when the large tiles, as from EP 0241 723 B1 known per se, parallel to surface lines of the cylindrical Large tile longitudinal edges running inside the mixer exhibit.

The large tiles are made according to the state of the art EP-B-0 241 723 is also known, preferably as a parallelogram or rectangular large tiles brought, often for the row-end large tiles Compensation tiles with differently designed outline shapes are used have to be brought.

If here of parallelogram or rectangular Large tiles are spoken, so that is the outline meant that when viewed in the radial direction from the axis of the cylindrical inner surface of the mixer results.

If parallelogram-shaped as normal large tiles for a lining Large tiles are used, so arise for compensation at the row ends trapezoidal or triangular Balancing large tiles.

When carrying out the invention, efforts are made to ensure that the large tiles in the middle but also the large tile rows Large tiles with a uniform format if possible or a few formats are designed to be used in manufacturing and save inventory.

So you will primarily choose the shapes of the large tiles so that the functional requirements in particular of wear and tear and will then try through appropriate laying systems the number of tile types as possible to reduce.

With a view to minimizing wear, it is recommended that the Single tile joints of neighboring rows of large tiles along the respective common large tile row joint against each other are offset. Through this measure, which is already in EP-B-0 241 723 were used and explained in detail there is achieved that there are no long constraints for abrasive grains of the mix are provided, which one can be subject to particularly high wear.

To the large tiles covered with small tiles when installing in to be able to handle the respective mixer as easily as possible, it is recommended that the small tiles are parallel to the surface lines of the large tiles have running small tile longitudinal edges. However, it should not be excluded that the Small tiles also step back towards the edges of the large tiles or project through them so that projections and Compensate for recesses in neighboring large tiles. One can go through this measure if one has the increased installation difficulties accepts particularly interesting effects in terms of wear resistance.

The small tiles are preferred as rectangular tiles or Parallelogram tiles executed, again the exception for small tiles, note that at the ends of rows of small tiles have to be done.

Coming as compensation small tiles that end in small tiles especially trapezoidal or triangular small tiles in Question if parallelogram-shaped small tiles as normal tiles are in use.

With regard to the small tiles, you will also pay attention to the fact that the small tile row middle or / and the small tile row final Small tiles if possible uniform To have shape. So you try with as few shapes as possible to get by from small tiles to manufacturing and warehousing to keep low.

In practice, it will make a significant difference whether the need for large tiles and small tiles is large enough to to issue special series in tile production or whether one tries to get by with standard tile shapes.

Basically there is also the possibility of cutting of customary large or small tile adjustments to the respective installation conditions. Whether from this Opportunity to be used is again a question of lot or series sizes.

If you try to line a tile with commercially available tiles manufacture, it may prove expedient that the small tiles as at least one row of small tiles Compensation small tiles are executed, which in Circumferential direction compared to the corresponding dimensions of the Small tiles of the other rows of small tiles differ Have dimensions. You can then do the circumferential compensation small tiles from the tiles of the other rows of small tiles Derive pruning. The circumferential compensation small tiles can in particular be laid along a large tile longitudinal edge.

Furthermore, you can make the linings from commercially available Small tiles provide that the rows of small tiles each include at least one small length compensation tile. You can turn these length compensation small tiles through Win cutting of customary tiles.

The length compensation small tiles of neighboring rows of small tiles can overlap in the longitudinal direction of small tiles.

In general, the individual tile joints of adjacent rows of small tiles along the joint row of small tiles can be offset against each other. In this way it is in turn ensured that there are no long, forced routes for abrasive mixed grains are created that lead to premature Could cause wear.

If intended, the ones already covered with small tiles Large tiles by bolts on the inner circumferential surface of the mixer to attach, set from the interior of the mixer , it may prove necessary that at least one small tile from a mounting hole or interspersed or cut through a mounting cutout is which one is in flight or in overlap with a mounting hole of a large tile. But it is also possible and even preferred, for fixing the already large tiles covered with small tiles Bolts from the outside to pass the mixer wall through it and then only to intervene in the respective large tile. However, it can then be the case with thin-walled large tiles nevertheless prove necessary, holes or cutouts in the To provide small tiles at the location of the respective bolt.

The circumferential and longitudinal dimensions of a large tile correspond regularly about 3 to 8 times, preferably that 5 to 6 times the corresponding size of a small tile. In this way it is possible to use a single large tile For example, to install 30 small tiles that were previously on the respective large tile under easier installation conditions have been attached.

It is also possible that only part the large tiles are covered with small tiles, namely preferably those large tiles covered with small tiles, those in the areas of the mixer with increased risk of wear are used. The intellectual background of this Measure is as follows: the production of small tiles and the attachment of the small tiles on the large tiles is relative elaborate, so the cost, even if one considers the installation the small tiles as a prefabricated covering on the respective Large tiles makes use of, are relatively high compared to Manufacture of relatively wear-resistant large tiles Cast steel material as mentioned above.

This results in a particularly advantageous lining, if depending on the individual areas of the Decides the inner circumferential surface of the existing risk of wear, whether there are conventional tiles, for example in the manner of EP-B-0 241 723 and for example made of cast steel, or whether you use large tiles uses that are covered with small tiles. You can do that Wear conditions when using the mixer for a do not precisely predict certain mixes. One is therefore rely on test runs that are also in operation can result. One finds that in certain areas the inner circumferential surface of a mixer particularly heavy wear occurs, you can see large tiles at these points use with small tile assignment. In other words, you can in places where conventional tiles, for example according to EP-B-0 241 723, subject to very little wear or large tiles covered with small tiles no wear at all show over longer operating times, conventional at these points Leave large tiles in accordance with EP-B-0 241 723 or insert. In this way, lining patterns succeed to create that taking into account the respective type of use consistently show the same service life of all tiles, so that any necessary lining repair or replacement measures performed at a certain time can be. Precondition for the fact that conventional tiles according to EP-B-0 241 723 and large tiles covered with small tiles can be combined with each other is, of course, that this match in terms of outline format and that these furthermore match in thickness as possible, so that their inner surfaces facing the interior of the mixer after installation, lie flush. It is also crucial Meaning that all large tiles of a mixer drum assignment the legalities according to EP-B-0 241 723 with regard to the offset of individual tile joints and regarding the angular relationship between the mixing organ edges and Single joints between successive single tiles of one Obey row, so that at least not with small tiles occupied large tiles of conventional design according to EP-B-0 241 723 have those service life advantages that result from these Result in regularities.

The large tiles to be covered with small tiles can be made from Sheet metal punched and cylindrically bent or rolled. If is intended to use conventional cast steel wear tiles, for example according to EP-B-0 241 723 with small tile coverings To combine large tiles, you will be the carrier for Small tiles certain large tiles with correspondingly smaller ones Wall thickness have to be executed so that at the borders between conventional large tiles and large tiles covered with small tiles the surface remains flush. Because those with small tiles occupied large tiles themselves no significant wear exposed, they can be made of relatively thin-walled sheet metal getting produced. But it should not be ruled out that also the large tiles to be covered with small tiles as Castings are made. The in EP-B-0 241 723 (see 8 and 9) there can be rear recesses according to the invention in the production of for small tile occupancy certain large tiles are omitted, so that wall thickness is saved and the wall thickness difference then for the Wall thickness of the small tiles is available.

The small tiles can in particular consist of oxide ceramic material, for example based on Al ₂ O ₃ . Oxide-ceramic tiles are described, for example, in the "Kalenborn Handbook, New Edition 1990, from Kalenborn, Kalprotect - Dr. Mauritz GmbH & Co. KG, D-5467 Vettelschoss 2, with the title: Wear protection, sliding conveyance, plastic system parts". This manual refers in particular to pages 113-123; Copies of these pages are submitted together with a cover page and an imprint page as an attachment to this patent application and are intended to supplement the disclosure. It has been shown that the oxide ceramic small tiles show very high hardness and thus wear resistance, namely, for example, a hardness of 1150 HV2.5. In addition, the brochure "KALOCER® mixer linings for long service life" from Kalenborn and the brochure "Cerasurf®-Wear Resistant Linings" from Coors Porcelain Comp. called.

Such small tiles can still be covered with diamond dust Cutting discs are cut so that the extraction of fittings from standard tiles is possible.

The large tiles can also be used with liquid then backfilled hardened backing material. The targeted introduction of such a backing material may be superfluous if - as already mentioned above - in Operation backfill anyway, such as cement slurry, accumulated behind the large tiles and hardened there.

The invention is particularly suitable for use in trough mixers, in which the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical mixing trough with the invention Tile covering is provided and within the mixing trough a mixing trough axis are arranged rotating elements. Such a construction is in particular in EP-B-0 241 723 described and illustrated. For wear protection and the life of the tiles it is important that the Inclination of the individual tile joints of large tile rows or / and Small rows of tiles approximating the parallel position to Mischorgankante runs.

The choice of small tiles in a plane-parallel design or cylindrical embodiment is also of the type of Fasteners between large tile and small tile and from depending on the size coordination. In the circumferential direction of the Mixer small small tiles, i.e. Small tiles with little Tendon length can also be achieved using glue or plastic mortar then be attached to the large tiles if they are plane-parallel are manufactured. In other cases it may be necessary be to bend the small tiles cylindrically with as much as possible adapted radius of curvature so that the facing each other Areas of large and small tiles equidistant to each other. The plastic mortar or 2-component adhesive is preferred in such a viscosity on the large tiles and / or applied to the small tiles that an unintentional Flowing away is also avoided on gradients and on the other hand by pressing the small tiles against the large tile as equidistant as possible can.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Doppelwellenzwangsmischers mit erfindungsgemäßer Gestaltung der Kachelauskleidung;

Fig. 2

ein Mischorgan im Bereich einer Einzelgroßkacheltrennfuge;

Fig. 2a

eine Abwicklung zu Fig. 1 mit einem Mischorgan und einer anders gestalteten Kachelauskleidung nach der Erfindung;

Fig. 3

eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Kachelauskleidung in Abwicklung;

Fig. 4

ein Schema entsprechend demjenigen der Fig. 2a bei der Kachelauskleidung gemäß Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Kachelauskleidung bei einem Doppelwellenzwangsmischer mit zwei Mischorganen unterschiedlichen Anstellwinkels;

Fig. 6

ein Schema gemäß Fig. 2a zu dem linken Mischorgan in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

eine Rückansicht einer Verschleißschutzkachel zu der Auskleidung gemäß Fig. 5;

Fig. 8

einen Schnitt nach Linie VIII-VIII der Fig. 7;

Fig. 9

eine Rückansicht auf eine Ausgleichskachel zu der Auskleidung gemäß Fig. 5;

Fig. 10

eine bevorzugte Anordnung von Kleinkacheln auf einer Großkachel;

Fig. 10a - 10k

die einzelnen Kleinkacheln von Fig. 10;

Fig. 11

einen Schnitt nach Linie XI-XI der Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 - 17

verschiedene Kleinkachelbelegungen bei Parallelogrammgroßkacheln und

Fig. 18 - 21

verschiedene Kleinkachelbelegungen bei Rechteckgroßkacheln.

The accompanying figures explain the invention using exemplary embodiments; it represents:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a double shaft positive mixer with inventive design of the tile lining;

Fig. 2

a mixing element in the area of a single large tile partition;

Fig. 2a

a development of Figure 1 with a mixing element and a differently designed tile lining according to the invention.

Fig. 3

a further embodiment of a tile lining designed according to the invention in development;

Fig. 4

a diagram corresponding to that of Figure 2a in the tile lining of FIG. 3.

Fig. 5

a further embodiment of a tile lining according to the invention in a double-shaft compulsory mixer with two mixing elements with different angles of attack;

Fig. 6

a diagram according to Figure 2a to the left mixing element in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

a rear view of a wear protection tile for the lining according to FIG. 5;

Fig. 8

a section along line VIII-VIII of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9

a rear view of a compensation tile for the lining according to FIG. 5;

Fig. 10

a preferred arrangement of small tiles on a large tile;

Figures 10a - 10k

the individual small tiles of Fig. 10;

Fig. 11

a section along line XI-XI of Fig. 10;

Figures 12-17

Various small tile assignments for large parallelogram tiles and

Figures 18-21

Various small tile assignments for large rectangular tiles.

The double-shaft compulsory mixer shown by way of example in FIG. 1 includes a double chamber mixing trough, which consists of two Mixing troughs 10 is composed. In each of the two mixing troughs 10, a mixing shaft 12 is arranged. The mixing shafts 12 carry mixing elements 14 in in their central axial section Form of mixing blades, which are arranged so that they convey the mix in the two mixing troughs 10 in opposite directions and moving from mixing trough to mixing trough at the same time, while at the ends of the two mixing shafts 12 Transfer organs 16 are arranged, which ensure that at the ends of the two mixing troughs 10, the mix in opposite directions from one mixing trough to the other Mixing trough is transferred. For the present consideration is of interest here that the transfer organs 16 a different angles of attack with respect to the mixing elements 14 have.

A mixing trough 10 has a cylindrical inner trough surface 18, which has a circumferential line U and a generatrix M. The surface line M is parallel to the axis A of the mixing shaft 12. The inner trough surface 18 has a tile lining 20 busy. The tile lining 20 is formed by large tiles 22. The large tiles 22 are in rows 22A, 22B, etc. arranged. It can be seen that the large tiles 22 of the rows 22A and 22B are staggered with each other between rows 22A, 22B etc. large tile row butt joints 24 parallel to the surface line M are formed and between the individual large tiles 22 each row of large tile separating joints 26 are formed. The large tile individual separating joints 26 are in the longitudinal direction, i.e. offset against each other in the generatrix M each by half the length of a wear protection tile in Surface line direction M measured.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2a in development is, the large tiles 22 are arranged so that the Large tile separating joints 26 are aligned.

1-6 you can see that all or individual large tiles 22 each with a field KK of small tiles are; the field KK is preferably the same outline as that large tile 22.

According to FIG. 2a, the mixing elements 14 are arranged with their mixing element edges 28 at an angle α against the surface line M. The circumferential speed of the edge of the mixer organ is denoted by v _u . As a result of the angle of attack α, there is a sliding movement of the mixed material along the mixing edge 28, specifically with a sliding speed v _g . The resulting speed of the material to be mixed at location X of the edge of the mixing element 28 is denoted by v _r . This resulting speed v _r results from vectorial superimposition of the peripheral speed v _u and the sliding speed v _g , the size of which in turn is dependent on the angle of attack α and on the coefficient of friction of the material to be mixed along the edge of the mixing element 28. FIG. 2a also shows the normal line N to the large tile individual joint 26. The angle enclosed between the normal line N and the speed _vector v _{r of} the resulting speed is denoted by γ. It can be seen that, assuming an angle of attack α of approximately 45 ° and given the sizes of the peripheral speed v _u and the sliding speed v _g, the angle γ between the normal line N and the resulting speed _vector v _{r is} considerably greater than 45 °. This means that there is a significant component of the resulting speed v _r in the direction of the large tile individual separation joint 26. This component parallel to the large tile individual separation joint 26 of the resulting speed _vector v _r leads to a pronounced linear movement of the mixed material taking place along the large tile individual separation joints 26, which could lead to premature wear along the large tile individual separation joints 26 if the very wear-resistant small tiles KK were not present. According to FIG. 2, wear could then occur along the large tile individual separating joint 26 between the mutually facing edge surfaces 30 of the large tiles. This wear and tear is prevented or reduced due to the very hard individual tiles.

It can be seen from Fig. 2a that the large tile row butt joints 24 are less at risk than the large tile single butt joints 26, because the speed component of the resulting speed v _r in the direction of the large tile row butt joints 24 (this speed component is not shown) is significantly lower than the speed component in the direction of the large tile single butt joints 26. This fact must be taken for granted due to the values of the angle of attack α which are usually around 45 ° and the usual friction coefficients between the material to be mixed and the edges of the mixer organ 28. This means that primarily the large tile individual separating joints 26 are susceptible to premature wear, and that attempts to increase the service life of the tile lining are also concerned with achieving an improvement in the area of the large tile individual separating joints 26.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, the large tiles 22 are again arranged in rows 22A, 22B etc., the large tile row parting lines 24 again running parallel to the surface line M. The large tiles 22 within the individual rows 22A, 22B etc. are now offset by half their length in the direction of the surface line, so that the large tile individual separating joints 26 (which again run at a right angle e to the surface lines M) in the direction of Surface line M are offset from one another, as also indicated in FIG. 4. In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the inclination γ of the resulting speed v _r relative to the normal N on the large tile individual separating joint 26 has remained the same as in the embodiment according to FIG. 2a. However, since the large tile individual separating joints 26 are offset from one another, the pronounced line movement that occurs in the embodiment according to FIG. 2a can no longer take place over several large tile individual separating joints that are aligned with one another, and therefore the excavation to be expected according to FIG. 2 is significantly reduced and thus the risk of damage the mixing organ edge 28. Nevertheless, the assignment with the small tile fields KK brings a further improvement. Large adjustment tiles are designated 23; they have half the length in the longitudinal direction of the large tile rows, ie in the surface line direction M, like the large normal tiles 22.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6, the large tile individual separating joints 26 are inclined at an angle β with respect to the circumferential line U, as shown in FIG. 6. This means that the speed _vector v _r is approximated to the normal line N to the large tile single joint 26; the angle γ has become smaller. This leads to the fact that the speed component of the resulting speed _vector v _r parallel to the large tile individual separation joint 26 has become significantly smaller. In other words: the pronounced line movement no longer takes place along the large tile individual separating joints 26 and the material is pushed essentially vertically over the large tile individual separating joint 26 through the mixing organ edge 28. It has been shown that in this way, scouring along the large tile individual separating joint 26 and any damage to the mixing organ edge 28 which may result therefrom is further reduced. The assignment of the small tile fields KK brings further improvements.

5 and 6 that the offset of the large tiles 22 in the longitudinal direction, i.e. towards the surface line M equal to the projection p of a large tile single joint 26 is a large tile row separation joint 24. At the ends of the rows 22A, 22B, etc., large compensation tiles 34 are provided, the End edges 36 running transversely to the surface line M with the surface line form a 90 ° angle. One can see from FIG. 5 that at both ends of the rows 22A, 22B, etc. with a single type of large compensation tiles 34.

One can see in Fig. 5, in its right half, too the transfer member 16 of FIG. 1, the angle of attack with δ is designated. Because of the other angle of attack δ (also this is e.g. with about 45 ° assumed) are the conditions at the edge of the transfer member 16 much less favorable than in FIG. 6 for the mixing element edge 28 of the mixing element 14 shown. This means that in the area of the transfer organs 16 provided large tile individual parting lines 26 subject to increased wear, so that here Small tiles are particularly important. You could of course in the area of the transfer members 16, the inclination of the individual tile separating joints 26 to the circumferential line U to change here too to achieve the advantageous results shown in FIG. 6. you can also accept that in the area of the transfer organs 16 the improvement only by the here too existing offset of the large tile individual joints by the measure p in the generatrix M and achieved by the small tiles becomes. You then have the advantage that you can use one Large normal tile and with a single large compensation tile gets along. If contrary to expectations in the area of the transfer organs 16 large tile separation joints worn prematurely and there is a loss of tool life, so after all, the advantage remains that you are in the larger area the mixing elements 14 (see FIG. 1) the large tiles 22 longer remain and thus the extent of the necessary replacement repair remains reduced.

7 and 8 is the back of a large normal tile 22 for the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The angle of the large tile separating joint 26 against the circumferential direction U is marked with β and is approx. Assumed 9 °. It can be seen from Fig. 8 that the large normal tile 11 a protruding central contact surface on the back 38 in the area of a central fastening opening 40 has. It can also be seen that the large normal tile 22nd is executed on the back with recesses 42.

The large compensation tile 34 shown in FIG. 9 is corresponding educated.

8, the large tile row separation joint 24 is a parallel one Gap formed from the inner surface of the tile lining towards the inner surface of the cylindrical trough extends substantially radially.

5, the mounting holes 40 arranged in the corner points of a rectangular grid.

10, 10a to 10i and 11 is a preferred embodiment a small tile laying on a large tile shown. The dimensions required for the presentation of the invention are of importance are in mm or degrees understand. The wall thickness of the small tiles is of the order of magnitude of 10 mm.

It can be seen in FIGS. 10 and 11 that the large tile 122nd is cylindrically curved and an approximately parallelogram Outline. To establish the reference between 10 and 11 on the one hand and FIG. 1 on the other 10 also shows the generatrix M and the circumferential line U. Those edges of the large tile 122 that the Form large tile row butt joints are designated with 124 in Correspondence with the large tile row butt joints 24 approximately in 3 and FIG. 5. Those edges of the large tile 122, which form the large tile individual joints are 126 designated in adaptation to the large tile individual parting lines 26 3 and 5.

The large tile 122 has a field KK of individual tiles occupied, this field KK outline the same as the outline of the Großkachel 122 is.

The small tile field KK consists of small tiles arranged in rows of small tiles 150A -150F are arranged. The individual small tiles are labeled with "Part 8", "Part 6", etc. Mistake.

One recognizes in large number (13 pieces) rectangular or square Small tiles labeled "Part 2". you further recognizes small tiles with trapezoidal outline "Part 1" are labeled and other small tiles trapezoidal Outlines labeled "Part 4". How to 10 is convincing, the small tiles are "Part 1" and the small tiles "Part 4" equal in area and outline to each other, so that a total of 10 small tiles of the matching Types "Part 1" and "Part 4" are available.

A row 150A of small tiles of the Type "Part 8", "Part 6", "Part 7", "Part 5", which of the Small tiles from the 150B row of small tiles are derived by that the circumferential extension from 49.5 mm to 42.805 mm is reduced. You can also see a group of small tiles, which are designated with "Part 3" or "Part 7" and serve the length compensation within the field KK, so that the Field KK made of commercially available prefabricated small tiles on the Outline of large tile 122 is adjusted. All trapezoidal tiles, so "Part 1", "Part 4", "Part 8", "Part 5" of small tiles of the type "Part 2" by cutting using a diamond-dusted cutting disc.

It can also be seen that the individual tile joints 152 are adjacent Small tile rows 150D and 150E in the longitudinal direction of the common Small tile row joint 154 are offset from one another, so that no continuous tracks for grains of the mix are formed on which such grains increase wear could be shifted through the edge of the mixture 128.

One can finally see a part delimited by parts 9 and 10 Through hole 156 for the passage of a countersunk screw, which attaches the large tile 122 to the structure of the mixing trough.

Taking into account the preceding explanations regarding the constructions according to FIGS. 1-9, it can easily be seen that when the mixing organ edge 128 slides over the large tile 122, there are favorable wear conditions in the direction of movement v _u . Firstly, the entire large tile 122 is occupied by the small tile field KK. Secondly, the individual tile joints 152 of adjacent rows of small tiles 150A, 150B, 150C, etc. are offset from one another in the direction of the row of small tiles 154, so that there are no continuous positive paths for mixed grains. Thirdly, the large tile edges 126 are approximated by their angular position in relation to the surface line direction M to the parallelism to the mixing organ edge 128 in the sense of the explanations for FIGS. 5 and 6. This ensures that neither in the individual tile joints 152 of the small tile rows 150A-150F nor on the bumps between individual large tiles, namely the bumps formed by their edges 126, rapid wear can occur.

The large tile 122 of FIGS. 10 and 11 viewed as a whole one has to go there within the framework of the overall view according to FIG. 5 imagine as one of the parts 22. The in the executions too 5 and 6 considerations regarding differently oriented mixing elements 14 and 16 apply unchanged if a large tile 122 according to FIG. 10 and 11 takes the place of a large tile 22 according to FIGS. 5 and 6.

The individual small tiles of FIG. 10 are shown in FIG. 10a up to 10k shown in detail. The assignment results from the part number. The sizes are in mm understand.

12-17 show further parallelogram-shaped large tiles, which are covered with different types of small tiles and according to different laying patterns. The surface line M, the mixing organ edge and the circumferential direction v _{u of} the mixing organ edge are shown in each of FIGS. 12-17, so that again the reference to FIGS. 1.5 and 6 is established.

A large parallelogram tile can also be seen in FIG Rectangular small tiles in rectangular mesh laying. additionally you can see a large compensation tile at the end of a row of large tiles. In this embodiment, the wear behavior on the one hand because the large tile covers the entire surface is covered with small tiles. On the other hand, this is favorable wear conditions created that the edges 226th the large tile 222 corresponding to the large tile individual joints 26 of FIGS. 5 and 6 to the parallel position to the mixing organ edge 228 are approximated. Finally, it can be seen in FIG. 12 a leveling tile 234 corresponding to a leveling tile 34 in FIG. 5 at the end of one of the rows of large tiles.

13, the small tiles are adjacent rows of small tiles offset in the generatrix M so that also the single tile joints 352 of adjacent rows of small tiles are offset from each other. Favorable wear results are due to the longitudinal offset of the individual tile joints 352 neighboring rows of small tiles achieved, on the other due to the inclination of the large tile edges 326 and in particular of course, by occupying the entire large tile 322 through the small tile field KK.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 14 there are favorable wear conditions achieved in that on the one hand the whole Large tile 422 is in turn occupied by the small tile field KK and on the other hand in that both the edges 426 of the Large tile 422 and the edges 452 of the small tiles accordingly 5 and 6 to the parallel position are approximated to the mixing organ edge 428.

Particularly favorable wear conditions result from the 15 because the edges 552 the small tiles of adjacent rows of small tiles in the longitudinal direction are offset against each other, on the other hand because both edges 552 of the small tiles and edges 526 of the large tiles in the sense of the explanations for FIGS. 5 and 6 the parallelism is approximated to the mixing organ edge 528 and the third, of course, because the whole large tile 522 through the Small tile field KK is occupied.

From Fig. 16 it can be seen that a parallelogram Large tile 622 also covered with trapezoidal small tiles can be such that the single tile parting lines 652 do not connect adjacent rows of small tiles to each other, so do not form any tracks for mixed material elements. By this structure and on the other hand through the allocation of the large tile 622 through the small tile field KK are also cheap here Wear conditions created.

The laying pattern according to FIG. 17 is also easy to wear. Again, the entire large tile 722 is a small tile field KK occupied. The small tile edges 760 are continuous Arranged to escape, but on the other hand they are very closely approximated to the parallelism to the mixing organ edge 728 and thus wear out of the considerations, 5 and 6 are presented. On the other hand, they are Small tile edges 762 from small tile row to small tile row offset against each other and very short so that their essentially orthogonal alignment with respect to the mixing organ edge 728 remains essentially harmless.

In the embodiment with a rectangular large tile 822 according to FIG. 18 is the favorable wear behavior in essential only that the entire large tile 822 with a small tile field KK of rectangular small tiles in the rectangular mesh pattern. The wear prevention effects 5 and 6 do not occur here. Advantageous the thing about this tile is that it simply has the shape and simplest uniform shape of the small tiles allowed. In addition, there are favorable installation conditions in the Mixing device. With the appropriate size selection of the large tiles 822 comes with a single type of large tile and ultimately also with a single type of small tile.

The design according to Fig. 19 brings a compromise. The large tile 922 is a rectangular tile. With appropriate adjustment the mixer can be reached with a single type of large tile out. The small tiles are also rectangular tiles, but they are with their small tile single joints 952 from Staggered row to row. This leads to the ends Compensation small tiles are needed. On the other hand, you have the advantage of improved wear behavior because of the small tile separating joints 952 no continuous positive control for Form mixed material particles.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 20, the large tiles are 1022 again rectangular and therefore easy to mix relocate. The small tiles are trapezoidal. you gets by with a small number of compensation tiles. The Edges 1052 are parallel to the mixing organ edge 1028 approximated, which favors the wear conditions become.

The embodiment according to FIG. 21 is even cheaper easy to install large tiles 1122 available and you have favorable wear conditions on the one hand because of the approximation edges 1152 to parallelism to mixer organ edge 1128. In addition, the edges 1152 of the small tiles are adjacent Small rows of tiles are not in alignment with each other, so that none continuous positive paths for mixed grain. It overall there is a very favorable compromise.

The intention of tiled large tiles and traditional ones Wear protection tiles made of cast steel optionally and Mixed use of course requires for both types of Tile the matching fastening technology.

The production of small tiles from oxide ceramics is not mandatory. Other hard materials are conceivable. Is conceivable even that you can have small chilled cast iron tiles on large sheet metal tiles laid. An essential idea of the invention, the independent Protection should also be: The large tile with mechanical fasteners, such as bolts, attached to the mixer construction and with backing compound backing, which due to the low adhesive effect Removing the large tile presents no significant difficulties. The small tiles are glued to the large tile. By expanding the small tiles with the large tiles, there are no problems with the removal of the small tiles from the mixer. In particular, the small tiles not be hammered out of the mixer individually if they should be exchanged.

Claims (29)

1. A lining of a cylindrical interior surface of mixer with tiles (22,KK), formed with cylindrical segment-shaped large tiles of sheet or cast material, which large tile rows (22A-22D) extending parallel to the circumferential surface lines (M) of the cylindrical interior surface are disposed axially parallel to the cylindrical interior surface,
      wherein at least one portion of the large tiles (22) on their inside facing the mixing chamber (10) is covered with small tiles (KK) with high wear resistance produced from ceramic material,
      wherein the small tiles are fastened to the large tiles by means of a binding agent which hardens and which, after curing, has a residual elasticity and thus provides the small tiles with an elastic support, and
      wherein the large tiles (22) already entirely covered with small tiles (KK) outside the mixer can each be fastened to the mixer wall by means of a single bolt.
2. A lining according to Claim 1, characterised in that the small tiles (KK) are substantially plane-parallel or cylindrical segment-shaped small tiles.
3. A lining according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the small tiles (KK) are laid in small tile rows (150A-150F) parallel to circumferential surface lines (M) of the large tiles (22).
4. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the large tiles (22) have large tile longitudinal edges (24) extending parallel to circumferential surface lines (M) of the cylindrical interior surface.
5. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the large tiles (22), if desired with the exception of large tiles (34) situated at the ends of large tile rows, are in the form of parallelogram-shaped large tiles (22) or rectangular large tiles.
6. A lining according to Claim 5, characterised in that the large tiles (34) situated at the ends of large tile rows are in the form of trapezium-shaped or triangular large tiles.
7. A lining according to either one of Claims 5 and 6, characterised in that large tiles (22,34) situated in the centre of large tile rows (22) and/or at the ends of large tile rows (34) are, as far as possible, formed with uniform format.
8. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the individual tile joints (26) of adjacent rows of large tiles (22A,22B...) are offset with respect to one another along the respective common large tile row joint (24).
9. A lining according to any one of Claims 3 to 8, characterised in that the small tiles have small tile longitudinal edges (154) extending parallel to circumferential surface lines (M) of the large tiles.
10. A lining according to any one of Claims 3 to 9, characterised in that the small tiles (KK), if desired with the exception of small tiles situated at the ends of small tile rows, are in the form of rectangular tiles or parallelogram tiles.
11. A lining according to Claim 10, characterised in that small tiles situated at ends of small tile rows are in the form of trapezium-shaped or triangular small tiles.
12. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the small tiles situated in the centre of small tile rows and/or at the ends of small tile rows are, as far as possible, formed with uniform format.
13. A lining according to Claim 12, characterised in that the small tiles (KK) of at least one small tile row (150A) are in the form of peripheral small equalising tiles which in peripheral direction have different dimensions in relation to the corresponding dimensions of the small tiles of the remaining small tile rows (150B-150F).
14. A lining according to Claim 13, characterised in that the peripheral small equalising tiles are adjacent a large tile longitudinal edge (124).
15. A lining according to any one of Claims 12 to 14, characterised in that the small tile rows (150A-150F) in each case comprises at least one longitudinal small equalising tile (part 7, part 3).
16. A lining according to Claim 15, characterised in that the longitudinal small equalising tiles (part 7, part 3) of adjacent small tile rows (150B-150F) overlap in small tile row longitudinal direction (154).
17. A lining according to any one of Claims 3 to 14, characterised in that the individual tile joints (152) of adjacent small tile rows (150A-150F) are mutually offset along the respective common small tile row joint (154).
18. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 17, characterised in that at least one small tile (part 9, part 10) is penetrated or intersected by a fastening bore (156) which is in alignment with or overlaps a fastening bore (40) of a large tile (22).
19. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 18, characterised in that the peripheral and/or longitudinal extension of a large tile (22) corresponds approximately to 3 to 8 times, preferably 5 to 6 times, the corresponding extension of a small tile.
20. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 19, characterised in that only one part of the large tiles (22) is covered with small tiles (KK), preferably the large tiles (22) in the region with increased danger of wear.
21. A lining according to Claim 20, characterised in that the large tiles (22) covered with small tiles (KK) are situated with the inner surface defined by their small tiles (KK) flush with the inner surfaces of the remaining large tiles (22).
22. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 21, characterised in that the large tiles (22) covered with small tiles (KK) are formed with fastening means (38,40) for fastening to the cylindrical inner surface, e.g. bolts or bolt holes.
23. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 22, characterised in that the large tiles (22), in particular if they are covered with small tiles (KK), are punched from sheet metal and are cylindrically bent or tube rolled.
24. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 23, characterised in that the small tiles (KK) consist of oxide ceramic material, for example Al₂O₃ based.
25. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 24, characterised in that the small tiles (KK) are fastened to the large tiles (22) by a plastic mortar or an adhesive, in particular a two-component adhesive.
26. A lining according to Claim 25, characterised in that the binding agent covers substantially the entire surface of the mutually facing surfaces of the large tiles (22) and the small tiles (KK) and, in necessary, compensates for different surface spacings.
27. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 26, characterised in that the large tiles (22) are back-lined with back-lining compound which is introduced liquid and subsequently hardens.
28. A lining according to any one of Claims 1 to 27, for a trough mixer with a mixing trough (10) covered on one side with the tiles (22,KK) and at least one mixing member (14) rotating about the mixing trough axis.
29. A lining according to Claim 28, for a trough mixer, in which one mixing member edge (28) extends beyond the lining, characterised by an inclination of the individual tile joints (526,552) of large tile rows and/or small tile rows in approximation to a parallel position relative to the mixing member edge (528).

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