EP0791689B1 - Artificial stone for reinforcing outdoor traffic areas - Google Patents

Artificial stone for reinforcing outdoor traffic areas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0791689B1
EP0791689B1 EP97102364A EP97102364A EP0791689B1 EP 0791689 B1 EP0791689 B1 EP 0791689B1 EP 97102364 A EP97102364 A EP 97102364A EP 97102364 A EP97102364 A EP 97102364A EP 0791689 B1 EP0791689 B1 EP 0791689B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tooth
stone
spacer elements
stones
artificial stone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP97102364A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0791689A1 (en
Inventor
Günter Dr. Barth
Michael Dipl.-Ing. Dipl.-Wirtsch.Ing. Schmitz
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UNI-INTERNATIONAL GMBH & CO. KG
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Uni-International Bausysteme & Co KG GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/02—Paving elements having fixed spacing features
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/16—Elements joined together

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an artificial stone, in particular made of concrete for fastening outdoor traffic areas after the The preamble of claim 1 as defined by DE 44 05 616 is known.
  • Such artificial stones with which plates in particular can be enclosed from concrete full surface, if necessary with a structured surface be trained.
  • stones can also be used or plates with openings, for example so-called Grass pavers, including the openings filled with soil and planted grass can be the one covered with stones To give the surface a natural look.
  • the joint formation and possibly also the openings the stones are used for the rest Record surface water, so that with Stones of the type in question cover the areas Drainage can be omitted or at least relieved.
  • the dimensioning of the stone builds on the fact that in the case of stones intended for a laying pattern Size is usually a single or multiple results in the smallest basic size. With this smallest basic size Then the effective side length is the length of the side of the Steins per se plus twice as much as the Side in its longitudinal direction adjoining joint width, the Size in turn from the opposite stone effective size of the distance cams provided results. But shows a stone in a longitudinal direction for example three times the basic size, so seen in this longitudinal direction corresponds to the central longitudinal section of the stone itself the effective length of the Basic size, while those adjoining it on both sides Length sections of the page a length section of the Steins per se plus half of them in this longitudinal direction subsequent joint width correspond.
  • This task is based on an artificial stone solved according to the invention, that the contact surfaces as one the size of the tooth corresponding and this in the direction parallel to Laying level and associated side surface on both sides Enough tooth gap are formed that in the called direction-facing flanks of the tooth on the one hand and the tooth space on the other hand an angle of Include at least 90 ° and that the bisector this angle to the normal to the assigned Side surface is arranged substantially parallel.
  • the Flanks of the tooth and the tooth gap an angle of Include 90 °, because this way a maximum of mutual bond of adjacent stones and thus a maximum degree of stability with these stones manufactured covering is reached.
  • the flanks of the tooth and the tooth gap can be a straight line Show course, which is usually a simple design will offer. However, there is also Possibility of the flanks of the tooth and the tooth space a course deviating from a flat surface have, that is, for example, arc-shaped are. It is then only essential that the mean slopes of the flanks the angle of at least Include 90 °. Of course, only those can Flanking designs are used that can be laid the stones do not interfere.
  • the end face of the tooth and according to the tooth gap of the distance cams - parallel to the installation level - an acute-angled, frustoconical or arcuate course having.
  • the spacing cams face each other the upper edge facing away from the installation level of the stone lowered in the direction of the installation level are arranged. This leaves the after laying Stones also have enough space for soil above the cams, so that in this regard, continuous Gaps between adjacent stones result.
  • the stone is divided by at least one wide joint and that the stone parts thus formed by firmly molded common bridges are interconnected, these bridges in terms of their arrangement Distance cams can be designed accordingly. So here is the impression for a larger stone one of smaller individual stones, possibly different Size composite unit simulates in favor the desired layout, but without the need to a corresponding number of smaller individual stones also to be laid individually.
  • Figure 1 shows a square stone 1, which is corresponding the center lines shown are four times one square basic size 2.
  • the side faces 3, 4 of each basic size 2 carry a spacing cam 5, 6.
  • This Distance cams result in the effective length of each basic size 2 according to the given in the introduction Definition in the present case from the side length 3 or 4 plus half the width of the joint 7 into one Neighboring stone 8, that is to the size designated by the number 9.
  • the end faces of the cams 5, 6 each have side by side a tooth 10 and a matching tooth gap 11, being seen in a direction of rotation of the stone 1 Teeth 10 and the tooth gaps 11 of all spacing cams 5, 6 in lie next to each other in the same order. This will fit the end faces of the spacer cams facing each other Adjacent stones 1, 8 interlockingly so that the stones are parallel to the plane of the drawing and to each other not shifted towards directed side surfaces can be.
  • the positioning of the spacing cams 5, 6 is also relevant all effective lengths 9 equally and made that the center axes 12 of all distance cams the center of the effective length 9 are positioned.
  • flanks of both the teeth 10 and the tooth gaps 11 enclose a matching angle 40, 41, the size of which is at least 90 °, but preferably 90 ° and its bisector 42, 43 to the perpendicular to the assigned stone side surface, which is defined by the central axis 12 may be represented for the stone side surface there, in is arranged substantially in parallel.
  • This design feature applies to the embodiments described with reference to Figures 2 to 7 accordingly, without mentioning it again each time become.
  • Figure 2 shows several stones 1 laid side by side Wise. From this it can be seen that the stones are not just in alignment but can also be installed offset from each other can, the staggering of the offset by distance adjacent spacing cams 5 between 6 is given. From this it can be seen that this gradation is the finer, the smaller the basic size 2 according to FIG. 1 is chosen.
  • Teeth 10 and tooth gaps 11 have a substantially trapezoidal shape Cross-section with a correspondingly straight edge.
  • the distance cams 15 of Stones 16 according to Figure 3 the flanks of the teeth 17 and the Tooth gaps 18 are arc-shaped to match one another. What is the angle 40, 41 discussed with reference to FIG. 1 3, these apply accordingly to the slope of the flank at the foot of the teeth 17 or at the opening of the Tooth gaps 18.
  • Figure 4 shows oblong rectangular laid in the herringbone bandage Stones 20, which are now six times the basic size 2 put together. Accordingly, are due to one Stone side three spacing cams 6 next to each other, with each other here then shows that the effective side length of the middle Basic size of the actual length section 21 there corresponds to the stone side, because this length section do not connect any distance cams 5 in the direction of this stone side.
  • FIG. 5 shows, based on stones, that described with reference to FIG Sort of a way, a larger number of such Stones as a uniform, in this case L-shaped laying unit train.
  • FIG. 6 shows a hexagonal stone 30 with sides of equal length and cams 31 of the type corresponding to cams 5 and 6 according to FIG. 1.
  • the statements made with reference to FIG Length 32 is only longer to the extent that this is due to the angle deviating from 90 ° between adjacent sides of the stone 30.
  • the statements made with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 also apply correspondingly to the design and positioning of the spacing cams 31.
  • FIG. 7 shows some of the stones 30 according to FIG 6 laid side by side.
  • the pairings shown between the three stones of distance cams according to the embodiment Figure 5 are replaced by bridges.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

There is provided an artificial stone for strengthening traffic surfaces in the open, in which the stone, in order to provide wide grooves between adjacently laid stones, is provided on its edge surfaces with integrally formed, completely identical spacer elements, the contacting free end surfaces of the spacer elements having, adjacent one another, a tooth and a recessed contact surface for the tooth of the adjacently laid stone; the tooth-recess sequence, in one peripheral direction of the stone, being the same for all spacer elements; the effective length of the individual edge surfaces of a stone, parallel to the laying plane, being the same as, or a whole-number multiple of, a smallest effective length; each edge surface segment which has the smallest effective length being provided with a spacer element; and the central axes of all spacer elements lying in the middle of the corresponding edge surface segment. The contact surface is formed as a tooth recess corresponding to the size of the tooth and enclosing the latter on both sides in the direction parallel to the laying plane and to the corresponding edge surface. The flanks of thee tooth and of the tooth recess enclose an angle of at least 90 degrees, and the bisector of the angle is essentially parallel to a perpendicular drawn to the corresponding edge surface.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kunststein insbesondere aus Beton zur Befestigung von Verkehrsflächen im Freien nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1, wie er durch die DE 44 05 616 bekannt ist. The invention relates to an artificial stone, in particular made of concrete for fastening outdoor traffic areas after the The preamble of claim 1 as defined by DE 44 05 616 is known.

Solche Kunststeine, mit denen hier auch Platten insbesondere aus Beton eingeschlossen sein sollen, können vollflächig gegebenenfalls mit strukturierter Oberfläche ausgebildet sein. In Frage kommen jedoch auch Steine bzw. Platten mit Durchbrechungen, beispielsweise sogenannte Rasengittersteine, bei denen auch die Durchbrechungen mit Erde gefüllt und einer Graseinsaat versehen sein können, um der mit den Steinen belegten Fläche ein naturnahes Aussehen zu geben.Such artificial stones, with which plates in particular can be enclosed from concrete full surface, if necessary with a structured surface be trained. However, stones can also be used or plates with openings, for example so-called Grass pavers, including the openings filled with soil and planted grass can be the one covered with stones To give the surface a natural look.

Damit auch zwischen benachbart verlegten Steinen eine breite Fuge zur Befüllung mit einem Mineralstoffgemisch oder Erde und für eine Graseinsaat entsteht, sind die Steine in der eingangs genannten Art mit Abstandsnocken ausgestattet, die mit ihrer senkrecht zur zugeordneten Seitenwand gerichteten Erstreckung die Breite der Fuge bestimmen.So that also between adjacent stones wide joint for filling with a mineral mixture or earth and created for grass sowing, they are Stones in the type mentioned above with spacing cams equipped with their perpendicular to the assigned Sidewall facing extension the width of the joint determine.

Die Fugenausbildung und gegebenenfalls auch die Durchbrechungen der Steine dienen im übrigen dazu, auftretendes Oberflächenwasser aufzunehmen, so daß bei mit Steinen der in Rede stehenden Art belegten Flächen die Drainage entfallen kann oder zumindest entlastet wird.The joint formation and possibly also the openings the stones are used for the rest Record surface water, so that with Stones of the type in question cover the areas Drainage can be omitted or at least relieved.

Indem alle Abstandsnocken gleich ausgebildet sind und gleichermaßen wirken, bedarf es bei der Verlegearbeit keiner besonderen Aufmerksamkeit. Vielmehr können die Steine so, wie sie der Bedienungsperson in die Hand kommen, an bereits verlegte Steine angesetzt werden, womit jeglicher Zeit- und Arbeitsaufwand dafür entfällt, die sich bei den bereits verlegten Steinen anbietenden Nocken hinsichtlich ihrer Art zu erfassen, um dann den nächsten zu verlegenden Stein dazu passend durch Drehen richtig zu positionieren. Insgesamt ist damit der für die Verlegearbeit erforderliche Zeitaufwand erheblich herabgesetzt.By making all spacing cams the same and to work equally, is required for the laying work no special attention. Rather, they can Stones as they are in the operator's hand come on stones that have already been laid, which saves any time and effort, the ones that lend themselves to the stones that have already been laid To capture cams in terms of their type then the next stone to be laid to match Rotate to position correctly. Overall, this is for the time required for the laying work was considerably reduced.

Mit der Bemessung des Steines wird daran angeknüpft, daß bei für ein Verlegemuster bestimmten Steinen sich deren Größe normalerweise aus dem Ein- oder mehrfachen einer kleinsten Grundgröße ergibt. Bei dieser kleinsten Grundgröße ist dann die wirksame Seitenlänge die Länge der Seite des Steins an sich zuzüglich zweimal die Hälfte der sich an die Seite in ihrer Längsrichtung anschließenden Fugenbreite, deren Größe sich wiederum aus der gegenüber dem Nachbarstein wirksam werdenden Größe der vorgesehenen Abstandsnocken ergibt. Weist aber ein Stein in einer Seitenlängsrichtung beispielsweise das dreifache der Grundgröße auf, so entspricht in dieser Längsrichtung gesehen der mittlere Längenabschnitt des Steins an sich der wirksamen Länge der Grundgröße, während die sich daran beidseits anschließenden Längenabschnitte der Seite einem Längenabschnitt des Steins an sich plus der Hälfte der sich in dieser Längsrichtung anschließenden Fugenbreite entsprechen.The dimensioning of the stone builds on the fact that in the case of stones intended for a laying pattern Size is usually a single or multiple results in the smallest basic size. With this smallest basic size Then the effective side length is the length of the side of the Steins per se plus twice as much as the Side in its longitudinal direction adjoining joint width, the Size in turn from the opposite stone effective size of the distance cams provided results. But shows a stone in a longitudinal direction for example three times the basic size, so seen in this longitudinal direction corresponds to the central longitudinal section of the stone itself the effective length of the Basic size, while those adjoining it on both sides Length sections of the page a length section of the Steins per se plus half of them in this longitudinal direction subsequent joint width correspond.

Sind bei einer derartigen Steingestaltung die Abstandsnocken in der eingangsgenannten Weise angeordnet, so passen benachbarte Steine immer entsprechend dem durch die Grundgröße gegebenen Raster zusammen, wobei durch dieses Raster auch die Freinheit der Stufung des gegenseitigen Versatzes benachbarter Steine bestimmbar ist. Um so feiner diese Stufung gewünscht wird, um so kleiner ist folglich die Grundgröße des Rasters zu wählen, um bei einem Stein gegebener Größe für den gegenseitigen Versatz benachbarter Steine die genügende Zahl nebeneinander liegender Abstandsnocken zur Verfügung zu haben.Are the spacing cams in such a stone design Arranged in the manner mentioned at the outset, adjacent ones fit Stones always according to the basic size given grid together, being through this Raster also the freedom of grading the mutual offset neighboring stones can be determined. The finer this Gradation is desired, the smaller the consequent Choose the basic size of the grid, around a given stone for the mutual Offset adjacent stones the sufficient number next to each other distance cams are available to have.

Bei den bekannten Steinen der vorstehend im einzelnen beschriebenen Art kommen nun aber die Abstandsnocken benachbart verlegter Steine in Richtung der Verlegeebene und der zugeordneten Seitenflächen nur über die aufeinander zugerichteten Flanken der dann nebeneinander stehenden Zähne in formschlüssigen Eingriff, was jedoch zu einem Verbund führt, der entsprechend nur in einer Richtung wirksam ist. Damit ergibt sich ein Belag, der hinsichtlich seiner Festigkeit parallel zur Verlegeebene nicht allen üblicherweise auftretenden Belastungen standhält, indem sich die einzelnen Steine in der dem genannten Formschluß entgegengesetzten Richtung gegeneinander verschieben können bzw. innerhalb des Verbundes die Möglichkeit zum Ausführen einer Drehbewegung haben. Diese Bewegungsmöglichkeit führt an entsprechend besonders belastenden Stellen des Belages dazu, daß die Steine sich unter allmählicher Verdrehung freistoßen mit der daraus resultierenden Gefahr einer Beschädigung des Belages. Solche besonders belasteten Stellen ergeben sich beispielsweise insbesondere dort, wo häufig die Lenkung schwerer Fahrzeuge bei langsamer Fahrt oder gar bei Stillstand betätigt wird. In Kauf genommen wurde dieser Nachteil der bekannten Steine offenbar mit Blick darauf, deren ungehinderte Verlegbarkeit auch in die Ecken eines bereits in einem Winkel verlegten Abschnitt eines Belages zu ermöglichen. In the known stones of the above in detail described type but now come the distance cams adjacent stones in the direction of the laying level and the assigned side surfaces only via the flanks facing each other then side by side standing teeth in positive engagement what however leads to a network that only one direction is effective. This results in a Covering that is parallel to its strength Laying level not all commonly occurring Resists loads by holding the individual stones in the opposite direction to the positive connection mentioned can move against each other or within the compound the possibility to perform a rotary movement to have. This possibility of movement leads correspondingly particularly stressful areas of the covering causing the stones to twist gradually free with the resulting danger of a Damage to the covering. Such particularly stressed For example, jobs arise there, where often steering heavy vehicles at slower Drive or even when stopped. In purchase this disadvantage of the known stones was taken apparently with a view to their unimpeded layability even in the corners of one already at an angle to enable the laid section of a covering.

Hiervon ausgehend ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Kunststein der eingangs genannten Art so weiter auszubilden, daß bezüglich benachbarter Steine deren gegenseitiger Verbund in beiden zu den Steinseitenflächen parallelen Richtungen gewährleistet ist und trotzdem die ungehinderte normale Verlegemöglichkeit der Steine durch im wesentlichen horizontale Bewegung gegenüber bereits verlegten Steinen besteht.Based on this, it is an object of the invention to To further develop artificial stone of the type mentioned at the beginning, that regarding neighboring stones their mutual Compound in both to the stone side surfaces parallel directions is guaranteed and still the unimpeded normal possibility of laying the stones by essentially horizontal movement already laid stones.

Diese Aufgabe ist ausgehend von einem Kunststein der eingangsgenannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Anlageflächen als eine der Größe des Zahnes entsprechende und diesen in Richtung parallel zur Verlegeebene und dazugeordneten Seitenfläche beidseitig umiaßende Zahnlücke ausgebildet sind, daß die in die genannte Richtung weisenden Flanken des Zahnes einerseits und der Zahnlücke andererseits einen Winkel von mindestens 90° einschließen, und daß die Halbierende dieses Winkels zur Senkrechten auf die zugeordnete Seitenfläche im wesentlichen parallel angeordnet ist.This task is based on an artificial stone solved according to the invention, that the contact surfaces as one the size of the tooth corresponding and this in the direction parallel to Laying level and associated side surface on both sides Enough tooth gap are formed that in the called direction-facing flanks of the tooth on the one hand and the tooth space on the other hand an angle of Include at least 90 ° and that the bisector this angle to the normal to the assigned Side surface is arranged substantially parallel.

Durch diese erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen ist zunächst einmal sichergestellt, daß die Zähne parallel zur Verlegeebene und der jeweils zugeordneten Seitenfläche beidseits durch die korrespondierende Zahnlücke abgestützt sind, so daß der jeweilige Stein bei horizontalen Kräften parallel zum Fugenverlauf keine Möglichkeit mehr hat, sich aus dem Formschluß gegenüber benachbart verlegten Steinen durch Verschieben oder Drehen um eine zur Verlegeebene senkrechte Achse zu lösen. Damit ist die Stabilität des mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäßen Kunststeine hergestellten Belages nicht nur gegenüber den Belastungen aus einem sich geradlinieg bewegenden Verkehr sichergestellt, sondern auch gegenüber solchen extemen Belastungsfällen, die auf die Steine ein um eine zur Verlegeebene senkrechte Achse gehendes Drehmoment ausüben.Through these measures according to the invention is first once ensured that the teeth parallel to Laying level and the assigned side surface supported on both sides by the corresponding tooth gap are so that the respective stone at horizontal Forces parallel to the course of the joint are not possible has more, is adjacent to each other from the positive connection laid stones by moving or rotating them to solve axis perpendicular to the laying plane. So that is the stability of the with the help of the invention Faux stones not only produced facing the loads from a straight moving Traffic ensured, but also towards such extreme stress cases involving the stones around a torque perpendicular to the laying plane exercise.

Andererseits ist aber trotzdem eine normale Verlegemöglichkeit der Steine gewährleistet, denn die Gestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Winkels erlaubt es auf jeden Fall, die Steine durch eine im wesentlichen horizontale Bewegung auch in die Ecke eines von bereits verlegten Nachbarsteinen gebildeten Winkels einzusetzen.On the other hand, it is still a normal installation option the stones guaranteed because of the design of the angle according to the invention allows it on everyone Case, the stones by a substantially horizontal Movement also into the corner of one of those already installed To use neighboring stones formed angle.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es zweckmäßig, daß die Flanken des Zahnes und der Zahnlücke einen Winkel von 90° einschließen, da auf diese Weise ein Höchstmaß des gegenseitigen Verbundes benachbart verlegter Steine und damit ein Höchstmaß der Stabilität des mit diesen Steinen hergestellten Belages erreicht wird. Die Flanken des Zahnes und der Zahnlücke können einen geradliniegen Verlauf aufweisen, was sich als einfache Bauform üblicherweise anbieten wird. Es besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, daß die Flanken des Zahnes und der Zahnlücke einen von einer ebenen Fläche abweichenden Verlauf aufweisen, also beispielsweise bogenförmig ausgebildet sind. Wesentlich ist dabei dann nur, daß die mittleren Neigungen der Flanken den Winkel von mindestens 90° einschließen. Dabei können natürlich nur solche Flankengestaltungen Verwendung finden, die die Verlegbarkeit der Steine nicht beeinträchtigen.In the context of the invention it is advantageous that the Flanks of the tooth and the tooth gap an angle of Include 90 °, because this way a maximum of mutual bond of adjacent stones and thus a maximum degree of stability with these stones manufactured covering is reached. The flanks of the tooth and the tooth gap can be a straight line Show course, which is usually a simple design will offer. However, there is also Possibility of the flanks of the tooth and the tooth space a course deviating from a flat surface have, that is, for example, arc-shaped are. It is then only essential that the mean slopes of the flanks the angle of at least Include 90 °. Of course, only those can Flanking designs are used that can be laid the stones do not interfere.

Was die Ausbildung der Endflächen der Abstandsnocken betrifft, so kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Endfläche des Zahnes und entsprechend der Zahnlücke der Abstandsnocken - parallel zur Verlegeebene - einen spitzwinkligen, kegelstumpfförmigen oder bogenförmigen Verlauf aufweist.As for the formation of the end faces of the spacer cams concerns, it can be provided that the end face of the tooth and according to the tooth gap of the distance cams - parallel to the installation level - an acute-angled, frustoconical or arcuate course having.

Ferner ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Abstandsnocken gegenüber der von der Verlegeebene abgewandten Oberkante des Steines in Richtung auf die Verlegeebene abgesenkt angeordnet sind. Dadurch bleibt nach dem Verlegen der Steine auch oberhalb der Nocken genügend Platz für Erdreich, so daß sich diesbezüglich ununterbrochen durchgehende Fugen zwischen benachbarten Steinen ergeben.It is also advantageous if the spacing cams face each other the upper edge facing away from the installation level of the stone lowered in the direction of the installation level are arranged. This leaves the after laying Stones also have enough space for soil above the cams, so that in this regard, continuous Gaps between adjacent stones result.

Für die Steine selbst kann vorgesehen sein, daß diese parallel zur Verlegeebene einen quadratischen, rechteckigen, sechseckigen, L-förmigen, Z-förmigen, T-förmigen oder Doppel-T-förmigen Querschnitt aufweisen.For the stones themselves, it can be provided that these a square, rectangular, parallel to the installation level hexagonal, L-shaped, Z-shaped, T-shaped or have a double T-shaped cross section.

Insbesondere für großflächige Steine kann es in Weiterbildung des Erfindungsgedankens vorteilhaft sein, daß der Stein durch wenigstens eine breite Fuge geteilt ist und daß die so gebildeten Steinteile durch fest angeformte gemeinsame Brücken miteinander verbunden sind, wobei diese Brücken hinsichtlich ihrer Anordnung den Abstandsnocken entsprechend ausgebildet sein können. Hier wird also für einen größeren Stein der Eindruck einer aus kleineren Einzelsteinen ggf. unterschiedlicher Größe zusammengesetzten Einheit simuliert zugunsten des gewünschten Verlegebildes jedoch ohne die Notwendigkeit, eine entsprechende Zahl kleinerer Einzelsteine ebenso einzeln zu verlegen. In particular for large-scale stones, it can be in further training of the inventive concept be advantageous that the stone is divided by at least one wide joint and that the stone parts thus formed by firmly molded common bridges are interconnected, these bridges in terms of their arrangement Distance cams can be designed accordingly. So here is the impression for a larger stone one of smaller individual stones, possibly different Size composite unit simulates in favor the desired layout, but without the need to a corresponding number of smaller individual stones also to be laid individually.

Schließlich kann vorgesehen sein, daß der Stein mit weiteren Steinen gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Größe zu einer Verlegeeinheit zusammengefaßt ist, womit sich die Möglichkeit eines Verlegens durch mechanische Hilfsmittel ergibt.Finally, it can be provided that the stone with other Stones of the same or different sizes to form a laying unit is summarized, with which the possibility of a Laying results from mechanical aids.

Weitere erfindungswesentliche Merkmale und Einzelheiten ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsformen, die auf der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Figur 1
einen quadratischen Stein mit erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Nocken;
Figur 2
mehrere nebeneinander verlegte Steine gemäß Figur 1;
Figur 3
nach Art der Figur 2 verlegte Steine jedoch mit abgewandelter Ausbildung der Abstandsnocken;
Figur 4
mehrere im Fischgrätverband verlegte, länglich rechteckige Steine;
Figur 5
eine abgewandelte Steingestaltung in L-Form;
Figur 6
einen sechseckigen Stein mit erfindungsgemäßer Ausbildung und Anordnung der Abstandsnocken und
Figur 7
einige nebeneinander verlegte Steine gemäß Figur 6.
Further features and details essential to the invention result from the following description of embodiments which are shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:
Figure 1
a square stone with cams designed according to the invention;
Figure 2
several stones laid side by side according to FIG. 1;
Figure 3
stones laid in the manner of FIG. 2, however, with a modified design of the spacing cams;
Figure 4
several oblong rectangular stones laid in the herringbone bandage;
Figure 5
a modified L-shaped stone design;
Figure 6
a hexagonal stone with inventive design and arrangement of the spacer cams and
Figure 7
some stones laid side by side according to FIG. 6.

Figur 1 zeigt einen quadratischen Stein 1, der sich entsprechend den dargestellten Mittellinien aus dem vierfachen einer quadratischen Grundgröße 2 zusammensetzt. Die Seitenflächen 3, 4 jeder Grundgröße 2 tragen eine Abstandsnocke 5, 6. Durch das Vorhandensein dieser Abstandsnocken ergibt sich die wirksame Länge jeder Grundgröße 2 entsprechend der in der Beschreibungseinleitung gegebenen Definition im vorliegenden Falle aus der Seitenlänge 3 bzw. 4 zuzüglich der halben Breite der Fuge 7 zu einem Nachbarstein 8, also auf die mit der Ziffer 9 bezeichnete Größe.Figure 1 shows a square stone 1, which is corresponding the center lines shown are four times one square basic size 2. The side faces 3, 4 of each basic size 2 carry a spacing cam 5, 6. By the presence of this Distance cams result in the effective length of each basic size 2 according to the given in the introduction Definition in the present case from the side length 3 or 4 plus half the width of the joint 7 into one Neighboring stone 8, that is to the size designated by the number 9.

Die Endflächen der Nocken 5, 6 weisen jeweils nebeneinander einen Zahn 10 und eine dazu passende Zahnlücke 11 auf, wobei in einer Umlaufrichtung des Steines 1 gesehen die Zähne 10 und die Zahnlücken 11 aller Abstandsnocken 5, 6 in der gleichen Reihenfolge nebeneinander liegen. Dadurch passen die aufeinander zu gerichteten Endflächen der Abstandsnocken benachbarter Steine 1, 8 formschlüssig ineinander so, daß die Steine parallel zur Zeichenebene und der aufeinander zu gerichteten Seitenflächen nicht gegeneinander verschoben werden können.The end faces of the cams 5, 6 each have side by side a tooth 10 and a matching tooth gap 11, being seen in a direction of rotation of the stone 1 Teeth 10 and the tooth gaps 11 of all spacing cams 5, 6 in lie next to each other in the same order. This will fit the end faces of the spacer cams facing each other Adjacent stones 1, 8 interlockingly so that the stones are parallel to the plane of the drawing and to each other not shifted towards directed side surfaces can be.

Auch die Positionierung der Abstandsnocken 5, 6 ist bezüglich aller wirksamer Längen 9 gleichermaßen und so vorgenommen, daß die Mittenachsen 12 aller Abstandsnocken auf der Mitte der wirksamen Länge 9 positioniert sind.The positioning of the spacing cams 5, 6 is also relevant all effective lengths 9 equally and made that the center axes 12 of all distance cams the center of the effective length 9 are positioned.

Die Flanken sowohl der Zähne 10 als auch der Zahnlücken 11 schließen einen zueinander passenden Winkel 40, 41 ein, dessen Größe mindestens 90°, vorzugsweise aber 90° beträgt und dessen Winkelhalbierende 42, 43 zur Senkrechten auf die zugeordnete Steinseitenfläche, die durch die Mittenachse 12 für die dortige Steinseitenfläche repräsentiert sein mag, im wesentlichen parallel angeordnet ist. Dieses Gestaltungsmerkmal gilt auch für die anhand der Figuren 2 bis 7 geschilderten Ausführungsformen entsprechend, ohne dort jedesmal erneut erwähnt zu werden.The flanks of both the teeth 10 and the tooth gaps 11 enclose a matching angle 40, 41, the size of which is at least 90 °, but preferably 90 ° and its bisector 42, 43 to the perpendicular to the assigned stone side surface, which is defined by the central axis 12 may be represented for the stone side surface there, in is arranged substantially in parallel. This design feature applies to the embodiments described with reference to Figures 2 to 7 accordingly, without mentioning it again each time become.

Figur 2 zeigt mehrere Steine 1 in nebeneinander verlegter Weise. Daraus ist ersichtlich, daß die Steine nicht nur fluchtend sondern auch gegeneinander versetzt verlegt werden können, wobei die Stufung des Versatzes durch die Distanz benachbarter Abstandsnocken 5 zw. 6 gegeben ist. Hieraus ist ersichtlich, daß diese Stufung sich um so feiner gestaltet, je kleiner die Grundgröße 2 gemäß Figur 1 gewählt wird.Figure 2 shows several stones 1 laid side by side Wise. From this it can be seen that the stones are not just in alignment but can also be installed offset from each other can, the staggering of the offset by distance adjacent spacing cams 5 between 6 is given. From this it can be seen that this gradation is the finer, the smaller the basic size 2 according to FIG. 1 is chosen.

Bei den Ausführungsformen nach den Figuren 1 und 2 haben Zähne 10 und Zahnlücken 11 einen im wesentlichen trapezförmigen Querschnitt mit entsprechend geradlinigem Kantenverlauf. Demgegenüber sind bei den Abstandsnocken 15 der Steine 16 gemäß Figur 3 die Flanken der Zähne 17 bzw. der Zahnlücken 18 zueinander passend bogenförmig ausgebildet. Was hier den anhand der Figur 1 besprochenen Winkel 40, 41 betrifft, so gelten diese bei Figur 3 entsprechend für die Flankenneigung am Fuß der Zähne 17 bzw. an der Öffnung der Zahnlücken 18. In the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2 Teeth 10 and tooth gaps 11 have a substantially trapezoidal shape Cross-section with a correspondingly straight edge. In contrast, the distance cams 15 of Stones 16 according to Figure 3, the flanks of the teeth 17 and the Tooth gaps 18 are arc-shaped to match one another. What is the angle 40, 41 discussed with reference to FIG. 1 3, these apply accordingly to the slope of the flank at the foot of the teeth 17 or at the opening of the Tooth gaps 18.

Figur 4 zeigt im Fischgrätverband verlegte länglichrechteckige Steine 20, die sich nunmehr aus dem sechsfachen der Grundgröße 2 zusammensetzen. Dementsprechend liegen an einer Steinseite drei Abstandsnocken 6 nebeneinander, wobei sich hier dann ergibt, daß die wirksame Seitenlänge der mittleren Grundgröße dem dortigen tatsächlichen Längenabschnitt 21 der Steinseite entspricht, weil sich an diesen Längenabschnitt in Richtung dieser Steinseite keine Abstandsnocken 5 anschließen.Figure 4 shows oblong rectangular laid in the herringbone bandage Stones 20, which are now six times the basic size 2 put together. Accordingly, are due to one Stone side three spacing cams 6 next to each other, with each other here then shows that the effective side length of the middle Basic size of the actual length section 21 there corresponds to the stone side, because this length section do not connect any distance cams 5 in the direction of this stone side.

Figur 5 zeigt bezogen auf Steine der anhand der Figur 1 beschriebenen Art eine Möglichkeit, eine größere Zahl solcher Steine als einheitliche, im vorliegenden Falle L-förmige Verlegeeinheit auszubilden. Dazu sind drei solcher Steinteile 22, 23, 24 dort, wo sie normalerweise über Abstandsnocken 5, 6 aneinander grenzen würden, durch Brücken 25 miteinander verbunden bzw. es ist die Einheit durch Fugen 26, 27 geteilt, so daß nach dem durch nur eine Handhabung erfolgten Verlegen der Einheit der Eindruck dreier nebeneinander verlegter Steine gemäß Figur 1 entsteht. Auf diese Weise ist bei den Verlegearbeiten eine erheblich Zeiteinsparung möglich.FIG. 5 shows, based on stones, that described with reference to FIG Sort of a way, a larger number of such Stones as a uniform, in this case L-shaped laying unit train. There are three such stone parts 22, 23, 24 where they normally have spacer cams 5, 6 would be adjacent to one another by bridges 25 with one another connected or the unit is divided by joints 26, 27, so that after laying by just one handling the unity the impression of three laid side by side Stones according to Figure 1 arises. In this way the Installation work can save a considerable amount of time.

Figur 6 zeigt einen sechseckigen Stein 30 mit untereinander gleichlangen Seiten und Nocken 31 der den Nocken 5 und 6 gemäß Figur 1 entsprechenden Art. Für die Größe der wirksamen Länge 32 der kleinsten Seitenflächenlänge gelten hier die anhand der Figur 1 gemachten Ausführungen entsprechend, wobei die wirksame Länge 32 nur insoweit länger ausfällt, wie dies durch den von 90° abweichenden Winkel zwischen einander anschließenden Seiten des Steines 30 bedingt ist. Auch für die Ausbildung und Positionierung der Abstandsnocken 31 gelten die anhand der Figuren 1 bis 3 gemachten Ausführungen entsprechend.6 shows a hexagonal stone 30 with sides of equal length and cams 31 of the type corresponding to cams 5 and 6 according to FIG. 1. For the size of the effective length 32 of the smallest side surface length, the statements made with reference to FIG Length 32 is only longer to the extent that this is due to the angle deviating from 90 ° between adjacent sides of the stone 30. The statements made with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 also apply correspondingly to the design and positioning of the spacing cams 31.

Schließlich zeigt Figur 7 noch einige der Steine 30 gemäß Figur 6 in nebeneinander verlegter Form. Auch hier könnten wieder die zwischen den drei Steinen gezeigten Paarungen von Abstandsnocken entsprechend der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 5 durch Brücken ersetzt werden.Finally, FIG. 7 shows some of the stones 30 according to FIG 6 laid side by side. Here too again the pairings shown between the three stones of distance cams according to the embodiment Figure 5 are replaced by bridges.

Claims (11)

  1. An artificial stone, in particular made of concrete, for the strengthening of traffic-bearing surfaces in the open, in which the stone (1, 8, 16, 20, 22 to 24, 30), in order to provide wide grooves (7, 26, 27) between adjacently laid stones (1, 8, 16, 20, 22 to 24, 30), is provided on its edge surfaces disposed perpendicular to the laying plane and extending substantially parallel to one another, with integrally formed, completely identical spacer elements (5, 6, 15, 31), the contacting free end surfaces of the spacer elements (5, 6, 15, 31) having, in the direction of the laying plane and of the mutually facing edge surfaces (3, 4), a tooth (10, 17) an a recessed contact surface for the tooth (10, 17) of the adjacently laid stone (1, 8, 16, 20, 22 to 24, 30); the tooth-recess sequence, in one peripheral direction of the stone (1, 8, 16, 20, 22 to 24, 30), being the same for all spacer elements (5, 6, 15, 31); the effective length of the individual edge surfaces of a stone (1, 8, 16, 20, 22 to 24, 30), parallel to the laying plane, being the same as, or a whole-number multiple of, a smallest effective length (9, 32);the effective length being defined by the length of the edge of the stone (1, 8, 16, 20, 22 to 24, 30) itself plus twice a half of the width of the grooves which are longitudinally adjacent to said edge; each edge surface segment which has the smallest effective length (9, 21, 32) being provided with a spacer element (5, 6, 15, 31); and the central axis (12) of all spacer elements (5, 6, 15, 31) lying between the tooth (10, 17) and the contact surface, parallel to the laying plane and perpendicular to the corresponding edge surface (3, 4), being positioned in the middle of the corresponding edge surface segment having said smallest effective length (9, 32), characterized in that the contact surface is formed as a tooth recess (11, 18) corresponding to the size of the tooth (10, 17) and enclosing the latter on both sides in the direction parallel to the laying plane; in that the flanks of the tooth (10, 17) and of the tooth recess (11, 18) enclose an angle (40, 41) of at least 90°; and in that the bisector (42, 43) of the said angle (40, 41) is essentially parallel to a perpendicular drawn to the corresponding edge surface (3, 4).
  2. An artificial stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the flanks of the tooth (10, 17) and of the tooth recess (11, 18) enclose an angle (40, 41) of 90°.
  3. An artificial stone according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the flanks of the stone (10) and of the tooth recess (11, 18) have a rectilinear contour.
  4. An artificial stone according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the flanks of the tooth (17) and of the tooth recess (18) have a contour different from a flat surface, and in that the central slopes of the flanks enclose an angle of at least 90°.
  5. An artificial stone according to one or several of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the end surface of the tooth (10, 17) and the corresponding tooth recess (11, 18) of the spacer elements (5, 6, 15, 31) exhibit, parallel to the laying plane, an acute-angled contour which has the shape of a truncated cone or is smoothly curved.
  6. An artificial stone according to one or several of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the spacer elements (5, 6, 15, 31), with reference to the upper surface of the stone (1, 13, 16, 20, 30) facing away from the laying plane, are downwardly offset toward the laying plane.
  7. An artificial stone according to one or several of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the stone has, parallel to the laying plane, a square (1, 13, 16), rectangular (20), hexagonal (30), L-shaped (22-24), Z-shaped, T-shaped or a double-T-shaped cross-section.
  8. An artificial stone according to one or several of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the stone is divided by at least one wide channel (24, 25), and in that the stone portions thus provided (22-24) are securely connected to one another through common, solid bridges (25).
  9. An artificial stone according to claim 8, characterized in that the bridges (25), as regards their distribution, are configured correspondingly to the spacer elements (5, 6, 15, 31).
  10. An artificial stone according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the stone components (22-24) are of different sizes.
  11. An artificial stone according to one or several of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it is connected together with other stones of the same or different size, to provide a laying unit.
EP97102364A 1996-02-20 1997-02-14 Artificial stone for reinforcing outdoor traffic areas Expired - Lifetime EP0791689B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE29602972U DE29602972U1 (en) 1996-02-20 1996-02-20 Artificial stone for fastening traffic areas outdoors
DE29602972U 1996-02-20

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EP0791689A1 EP0791689A1 (en) 1997-08-27
EP0791689B1 true EP0791689B1 (en) 2002-12-18

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EP (1) EP0791689B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3345648B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE230049T1 (en)
AU (1) AU708390B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2198047C (en)
CZ (1) CZ294653B6 (en)
DE (3) DE29602972U1 (en)
DK (1) DK0791689T3 (en)
HU (1) HU220915B1 (en)
PL (1) PL186394B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997031155A1 (en)

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JPH11508980A (en) 1999-08-03
HUP9900995A3 (en) 1999-11-29
WO1997031155A1 (en) 1997-08-28
CZ266098A3 (en) 1999-03-17
DE29602972U1 (en) 1996-04-04
HU220915B1 (en) 2002-06-29
JP3345648B2 (en) 2002-11-18
AU708390B2 (en) 1999-08-05
DE29702544U1 (en) 1997-04-17
HUP9900995A2 (en) 1999-07-28
US5902069A (en) 1999-05-11
DK0791689T3 (en) 2003-04-14
EP0791689A1 (en) 1997-08-27
DE59708970D1 (en) 2003-01-30
CA2198047A1 (en) 1997-08-21
ATE230049T1 (en) 2003-01-15
PL328576A1 (en) 1999-02-01
AU1769897A (en) 1997-09-10
CZ294653B6 (en) 2005-02-16
PL186394B1 (en) 2004-01-30
CA2198047C (en) 2007-03-06

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