EP0840069B1 - Ridge structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a ridge structure for constructions requiring ventilation such as verandas, greenhouses, spas, pool shelters and buildings in general.

The need for effective ventilation is especially felt in verandas. This ventilation can be done by means of openings arranged at the flush with the ground allowing fresh air to enter and openings arranged the highest point on the veranda to evacuate hot air.

Document FR-2 701 279 shows a ventilation system for verandas which includes air vents arranged in the lower part of the structure and a duct-shaped opening at the top, acting as ridge.

According to the exhibition, these openings must allow a renewal fairly fast all the air volume of the veranda with a frequency sometimes very important.

Installation of air vents at the top of the veranda Often generates complications for the installer and these openings can also be the seat of leaks.

The present invention provides a set of means and in particular a ridge structure which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks.

In addition, this ridge structure has the particularity of being able easily adapt to dimensional constraints such as for example the thickness of the roof, but also to the constraints linked to ventilation, i.e. the minimum flow sections to respect according to the volume of the room to ventilate.

This ridge structure according to the invention also makes it possible to offer more flexibility in the choice of ventilation type, i.e. either ventilation natural, or active ventilation which implements one or more fans. It also allows you to change the type of ventilation installed, according to the wishes and choices of the beneficiary.

This structure according to the invention also has the advantage of offering with a reduced number of components, the possibility of composing a large variety of ridge structures, suitable for all types of construction, without burden neither costs nor ventilation capacity.

This structure also has the advantage of facilitating assembly various equipment that promotes and / or improves indoor living.

This structure can indeed offer the same advantages as a sheath or plinth, allowing in particular the passage of wires and cables of all kinds according to the equipment used.

The invention is also advantageous in that the equipment can be installed at any time and this installation can also be upgraded according to the needs and necessities without changing anything to the structure properly called.

• la figure 1 représente une structure de faítage selon l'invention, schématisée et en coupe verticale ;
• la figure 2 représente une variante de réalisation de la structure de faítage représentée figure 1, montrant l'installation d'un extracteur ;
• la figure 3 représente, en perspective, une cale d'épaisseur séparant les profilés formant la structure ;
• la figure 4 représente, en perspective également, une entretoise qui permet de séparer et d'assembler deux profilés d'une même paroi de la structure ;
• la figure 5 représente une structure de faítage avec des entretoises de plus grande dimension;
• la figure 6 représente une structure de faítage avec une cale d'écartement de plus grande dimension ;
• la figure 7 représente la section du profilé constituant la partie externe supérieure de la structure ;
• la figure 8 est une section du profilé constituant la partie interne supérieure de la structure ;
• la figure 9 représente une section du profilé constituant la partie externe inférieure de la structure ;
• la figure 10 représente une section du profilé constituant la partie interne inférieure du profilé constituant la structure ;
• la figure 11 représente une variante de réalisation dans laquelle les deux profilés de la partie inférieure de la structure sont rassemblés par une paroi sécable de façon à former un ensemble monobloc ;
• la figure 12 représente une structure de faítage pour un bâtiment double pente ;
• la figure 13 représente une variante de réalisation de la structure de faítage pour un bâtiment à double pente, avec une poutre renfort ;
• la figure 14 représente une variante de réalisation de la structure de faítage ;
• la figure 15 représente l'élément de base de la structure de faítage de la figure 14 ;
• la figure 16 représente la structure de faítage équipée d'un caisson muni d'un extracteur ;
• les figures 17 et 18 représentent des structures de faítage de hauteur différente adaptée à des toits d'épaisseur différente ;
• la figure 22 représente une variante de réalisation qui n'est pas couverte par les revendications ;
• la figure 23 représente une structure de faítage pour toit double pente ;
• la figure 24 représente une variante de réalisation de la figure 23 pour un toit double pente de grande épaisseur ;
• la figure 25 représente une variante de réalisation de cales d'épaisseur ;
• la figure 26 représente des plots ou barrettes de jonction des profilés qui sont utilisés pour la confection de l'élément de base de la structure de faítage telle que représentée figures 14 et suivantes ;
• la figure 27 représente une section d'un profilé utilisé pour la confection de l'élément de base ;
• la figure 28 est une section d'un profilé constituant la partie interne supérieure du conduit ;
• la figure 29 représente une section du profilé externe supérieur du conduit de la structure ;
• la figure 30 représente une section du profilé inférieur externe ;
• la figure 31 représente une section du profilé inférieur interne ;
• la figure 32 représente une section d'un profilé utilisé pour la confection notamment un extracteur ;
• la figure 33 correspond à une section d'un profilé qui complète le caisson représenté figure 32 ;
• la figure 34 montre un caisson complet prêt à être assemblé à la partie inférieure de l'élément de base constituant la structure de faítage ;
• la figure 35 représente une variante de réalisation avec des cales-entretoises monobloc et montre également la possibilité d'installer des spots d'éclairage au niveau de la partie formant hotte-avaloir ;
• la figure 36 montre une variante de réalisation qui permet aussi un assemblage des différents profilés constituant la structure de faítage, au moyen des cales-entretoises ;
• la figure 37 représente une structure de faítage pour un toit double pente utilisant les cales-entretoises représentées figure 35 ;
• la figure 38 représente également une structure de faítage pour un toit double pente utilisant les cales-entretoises de la figure 36 ;
• la figure 39 représente, en perspective éclatée, les éléments entrant dans la composition d'une extrémité de structure de faítage, pour un toit à trois ou quatre pentes, rayonnant ou non sur un ou plusieurs côtés ;
• la figure 40 représente une variante de réalisation d'une structure de faítage comportant un extracteur d'air ;
• la figure 41 représente une section du profilé supérieur de la structure ;
• la figure 42 représente la section du profilé interne associé au profilé supérieur représenté figure 41 ;
• la figure 43 représente le profilé inférieur interne ;
• la figure 44 représente le profilé inférieur externe ;
• la figure 45 représente une cale-entretoise monobloc ;
• la figure 46 représente une variante de réalisation du profilé inférieur utilisé notamment pour la construction de faítages double pente ;
• la figure 47 représente un profilé complémentaire pour la confection de caissons de ventilation ;
• la figure 48 représente également un profilé utilisé pour la confection de caissons en coopération avec le profilé représenté figure 47 ;
• la figure 49 représente le contour de la grille utilisée pour former le coffre d'un extracteur ;
• la figure 50 représente une cale-entretoise monobloc ;
• la figure 51 représente de façon schématique, en perspective, une cale-entretoise constituée de deux éléments susceptibles d'être réunis au moyen d'un assemblage du genre queue d'aronde ;
• la figure 52 représente une entretoise qui permet de modifier l'écartement des deux éléments de la cale représentée figure 51 ;
• les figures 53 et 54 représentent deux autres types d'entretoises susceptibles de modifier la hauteur de la cale représentée figure 51.

The ridge structure according to the invention is defined in claim 1. Variant embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims and will be further detailed with the aid of the following description and the accompanying drawings, given for information only , and in which:

• Figure 1 shows a ridge structure according to the invention, shown schematically and in vertical section;
• 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the ridge structure shown in Figure 1, showing the installation of an extractor;
• Figure 3 shows, in perspective, a shim separating the profiles forming the structure;
• Figure 4 shows, also in perspective, a spacer which allows to separate and assemble two sections of the same wall of the structure;
• Figure 5 shows a ridge structure with spacers of larger dimension;
• Figure 6 shows a ridge structure with a spacer of larger dimension;
• Figure 7 shows the section of the profile constituting the upper external part of the structure;
• Figure 8 is a section of the profile constituting the upper internal part of the structure;
• Figure 9 shows a section of the profile constituting the lower external part of the structure;
• Figure 10 shows a section of the profile constituting the lower internal part of the profile constituting the structure;
• FIG. 11 shows an alternative embodiment in which the two profiles of the lower part of the structure are joined by a breakable wall so as to form a one-piece assembly;
• Figure 12 shows a ridge structure for a double slope building;
• FIG. 13 represents an alternative embodiment of the ridge structure for a building with a double slope, with a reinforcing beam;
• Figure 14 shows an alternative embodiment of the ridge structure;
• Figure 15 shows the basic element of the ridge structure of Figure 14;
• Figure 16 shows the ridge structure equipped with a box provided with an extractor;
• Figures 17 and 18 show ridge structures of different height adapted to roofs of different thickness;
• FIG. 22 shows an alternative embodiment which is not covered by the claims;
• Figure 23 shows a ridge structure for double pitched roof;
• FIG. 24 represents an alternative embodiment of FIG. 23 for a large double pitched roof;
• FIG. 25 shows an alternative embodiment of shims;
• Figure 26 shows studs or bars connecting the profiles which are used for making the base element of the ridge structure as shown in Figures 14 and following;
• Figure 27 shows a section of a profile used for making the basic element;
• Figure 28 is a section of a profile constituting the upper internal part of the duct;
• FIG. 29 represents a section of the upper external profile of the duct of the structure;
• Figure 30 shows a section of the external lower profile;
• Figure 31 shows a section of the internal lower section;
• FIG. 32 shows a section of a profile used for making up, in particular an extractor;
• Figure 33 corresponds to a section of a profile which completes the box shown in Figure 32;
• Figure 34 shows a complete box ready to be assembled at the bottom of the base element constituting the ridge structure;
• FIG. 35 shows an alternative embodiment with monobloc spacer blocks and also shows the possibility of installing lighting spots at the level of the hood-outlet part;
• Figure 36 shows an alternative embodiment which also allows an assembly of the different sections constituting the ridge structure, by means of spacers;
• Figure 37 shows a ridge structure for a double pitched roof using the spacer blocks shown in Figure 35;
• Figure 38 also shows a ridge structure for a double pitched roof using the spacers of Figure 36;
• Figure 39 shows, in exploded perspective, the elements used in the composition of an end of the ridge structure, for a roof with three or four slopes, radiating or not on one or more sides;
• Figure 40 shows an alternative embodiment of a ridge structure comprising an air extractor;
• Figure 41 shows a section of the upper section of the structure;
• Figure 42 shows the section of the internal profile associated with the upper profile shown in Figure 41;
• Figure 43 shows the internal lower section;
• Figure 44 shows the external lower section;
• Figure 45 shows a one-piece spacer block;
• Figure 46 shows an alternative embodiment of the lower profile used in particular for the construction of double slope ridges;
• Figure 47 shows an additional profile for making ventilation boxes;
• Figure 48 also shows a profile used for making boxes in cooperation with the profile shown in Figure 47;
• Figure 49 shows the outline of the grid used to form the trunk of an extractor;
• FIG. 50 represents a one-piece spacer block;
• Figure 51 shows schematically, in perspective, a spacer block consisting of two elements capable of being joined by means of an assembly of the dovetail type;
• FIG. 52 represents a spacer which makes it possible to modify the spacing of the two elements of the wedge shown in FIG. 51;
• FIGS. 53 and 54 represent two other types of spacers capable of modifying the height of the wedge shown in FIG. 51.

Figure 1 shows, mounted on a wall 1, a structure of ridge 2 according to the invention which is itself associated with a structure particular comprising a section 3 integral with the structure of ridge itself, which acts as a support plate for a profile 4 which directly supports the roof 5.

Profiles 3 and 4 are not part of the invention. They are shown to position the different components associated with the ridge structure.

This ridge structure 2 shown in vertical section along a plane perpendicular to the wall 1, is in the form a one-piece tubular conduit which includes, arranged one at a time following the others, starting from the bottom, a hood 6, a downstream duct rectilinear 7, and an upper conduit 9 constituting the blind, form of butt, which opens above the roof 5 or its extension, spaced from it a sufficient distance to allow the passage of air. The upper duct 9 forms a sort of chicane whose complementary function is to realize the sealing of the ridge structure.

This ridge structure includes an external wall 10 against the wall 1, and an internal wall 11, the central part of which is associated with profile 3 which serves as a support plate for the roof.

The wall 10, adjoining the wall 1, consists of a profile upper 12 which forms the outer wall of the duct 7 and that of the upper duct 9, and in particular its circular part in the form of lacrosse. This profile 12 comprises, leaving tangentially from the wall of the upper stick-shaped duct, a ramp 13 which extends towards the wall with a slope equivalent to that of the roof 5, until flashing 14.

The lower part of the wall 10 consists of a profile 15 which is against the wall 1, and which forms one of the sides of the hood 6.

Profiles 12 and 15 are joined together by means of a spacer 16 which is housed in specially arranged grooves at the lower end of the profile 12 and at the upper end of the profile 15.

Note that the profile 15 has at the top of the wall forming the hood 6, a recess or shelf 17 serving as backflow prevention, which also serves to reduce by a third the inlet section of the downstream duct 7.

The internal wall 11, located on the side of the roof 5, comprises a upper section 19 which delimits the downstream duct 7 and the duct upper 9 in the shape of a butt. We notice that the part upper 20 of profile 11, in the shape of a semicircle, is offset towards the inside of the upper duct, so as to reduce the cross-section of the latter of about a third with respect to the section of the duct outlet 7, and thus forms a step 21.

The profile 11 also comprises, open from the side of the roof 5, a groove 22 arranged to accommodate a flap 23 which allows sealing between the upper part of the roof 5 and the ridge structure.

This groove 22 is located below the level of the duct upper 9 at a distance from the outlet orifice of said conduit upper 9, which is sufficient to maintain a constant section for the passage of air between the end 24 of the upper duct and the flap 23.

The end 24 of the upper duct 9 may include a groove 25 which makes it possible to install an additional flap 26 which is substantially parallel to the slope of the roof 5. This flap 26 extends the duct and protects its outlet to reduce risks water inlet.

Under the groove 25, a groove 27 of the honeycomb type, allows by example of installing a sealing member, not shown, making valve office, integral with said groove by means of a rope for example.

The groove 27 also constitutes a housing orifice for screws, which screws allow in particular to fix a bit on said profile for closing the ends of the ridge structure.

We find similar grooves, in several places on the different profiles. So there is a groove 28 in the corner facing wall 1 between profile 12 and ramp 13, and also at the lower part of the profile 12. There is also another groove 28 under the shelf 17.

There are also similar grooves on profile 3 which supports the roof 5.

The upper part 20 of the profile 11 comprises, in the conduit 9, a small barrier 29 located on the upper part of rounding, which makes it possible to stop runoff water and to prevent it from flowing into the downstream pipe 7.

The wall 11 of the ridge structure comprises in its part bottom, a profile 31 which forms the other wall of the hood 6. This profile 31 is connected to profile 19 by means of a spacer 32 which is equivalent to spacer 16.

The walls 10 and 11 are kept apart and, at the same are united with each other by means of shims 33 which are evenly distributed over the entire length of the ridge structure.

The spacers 16 and 32 as well as the shims 33 are shown below in connection with Figures 3 and 4.

This ridge structure can be pre-assembled by means screws 34 which connect the walls 10 and 11 together that they fix the spacers 16, 32, the shims 33, as well as example, profile 3.

This ridge structure is then secured to the wall 1 by means of screws 35 which pass first through the profile 3, then the spacer 32, then the shim 33 and finally the spacer 16.

The spacers 16 and 32 are each Forcibly inserted into the corresponding grooves of the profiles 12, 15 which constitute the wall 10 and, respectively, the sections 19, 31 which constitute the wall 11. The final assembly between the profiles and the spacers is carried out by means of the screws 34 at first, so as to form a monobloc conduit and then, by means of the screws 35 during the setting in final position of the ridge structure on the wall 1.

This ridge structure can receive, at its lower part, at the entrance to the hood 6, ie a grid 36 as shown in FIG. 1, either a box 37 which also has a grid and, in addition, optionally, an extractor device consisting of a motor-fan 39. This fan is for example of the turbine type tangential of small diameter and a length of the order of 50 cm. Several fans can be installed on the length of the structure.

The grid 36 is fixed on the sections 15 and 31 constituting the hood 6 by snapping into specially grooves appointed. These grooves which are also found in Figure 2, also allow the box 37 to be fixed by snap-fastening.

This ventilation box 37 can also consist of aluminum profiles. Thus we find an aluminum profile 40 which has an angled section whose horizontal branch 41 constitutes the cradle of the extractor 39 and whose vertical branch 42, back-to-back on wall 1, has, at its upper part, means assembly on the profile 15 which constitutes the back, external wall, of the hood 6.

The box 37 also has an upper wall consisting of a section 43 provided with means for being assembled on the lower end of the section 31 constituting the hood 6.

The ends of profiles 41 and 43 are arranged to receive the grid 36 which corresponds to the grid shown in FIG. 1 and which is mounted directly at the bottom of the profiles 15 and 31 constituting the walls of the hood 6.

All of these profiles are preferably made of aluminum-like material.

The spacers 16 and 32 are preferably made of plastic material i.e. insulating material which allows make a thermal break between the upper part of the ridge structure made up of sections 12 and 19 and the part lower consisting of sections 15 and 31.

Figure 3 shows, in perspective, a wedge 33 used to adjust the space between the walls 10 and 11 of the ridge structure and also, allow the assembly of these walls together and assembling said structure on the wall 1.

This wedge consists of a section of profile made of aluminum for example, which profile is preferably a profile tubular square or rectangular section. Ports 45 allow for example the passage of the assembly screw 35.

Figure 4 shows, in perspective, the shape of the spacers 16 and 32. These spacers are cut from a dish made of spun plastic or consist of parts molded.

As shown in Figure 5, the spacers 16 and 32 can have dimensions that allow the height of the walls 10 and 11 and in particular the height of the downstream duct 7 so to adapt its dimensions and those of the ridge structure, to the thickness of the roof 5.

The assembly between the different profiles 12, 15 constituting the outer wall 10 and profiles 19, 31 constituting the inner wall 11, on the spacers 16 and 32 respectively, is carried out from the same way first with the screws 34 which allow a preassembly of the ridge structure and the assembly is then fixed on the wall by means of screws 35 as shown in FIG. 1, with, as the case may be, one or more rows of screws separated vertically.

The possibility of varying the height of the structure ridge, is carried out by the adoption of tall spacers different. The shapes and dimensions of the sections 12, 15 on the one hand, 19, 31 on the other hand, remain identical. These profiles are the same whatever the height of the spacers 16, 32.

Figure 6 shows a possibility of making a different ridge structure with a longer section duct important. This increase in the section of the duct is carried out by a choice of 33 thicker shims. The assembly of the structure ridge remains identical to that detailed previously in Figure 1. However, in this case, to keep a constant section at level of the upper duct 9, the shapes and dimensions of the profile 12 are adapted to the choice of the shim 33, that is to say to its thickness, as well as the dimensions and shapes of the lower profiles in especially the lower profile 15.

The wedge 33, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, has a height which corresponds to the space between the upper sections 12, 19 and the Lower sections 15, 31.

The ridge structure shown in Figure 6 is pre-assembled as in the other cases, by means of screws 34 whose length is adapted to the choice of shim 33.

Figure 7 shows a section of the profile constituting the upper outer wall of conduit 7 and conduit 9. This wall has a vertical part 51 which originates at the level of the groove 52 in which the spacer 16 is embedded. The part vertical 51 continues with a semicircle 53 forming the butt of the upper duct 9; this semicircle extends to the edge 24 which has throat 27.

The rampant 13 forms, with the arc of a circle 53, a sort of strip that extends between wall 1 and the upper part of the roof 5.

We also find the groove 28 between the rampant 13 and the arc 53 as well as the groove 28 between the vertical part 51 and the groove 52 and in particular the horizontal branch 54 of this groove.

The grooves 28 are used in particular for the reception of screws which used to attach end caps to the ends of the profile.

The groove 52 is formed by a portion of the vertical part 51, of a part 54 arranged at the square oriented on the side of the wall and a return 55 which extends parallel to the part 51.

This return 55 has two projections perpendicular to its ends, facing the wall, which maintain a distance between the wall and said return, forming a cavity 56 in which the installer can for example insert adjustment shims not shown, to allow an adaptation of the structure of ridge on a more or less straight wall.

The rampant 13 has an arrangement at its end upper, which allows for easy sealing on the wall 1, with the flashing. This arrangement consists of a parallel return 57 on the wall, and a small square 59, which accommodates the joint forming flashing.

The groove 52 may have, internally, projections 60 which allow the attachment of the spacers 16, which spacers are forcibly inserted into the bottom of said groove 52.

Figure 8 shows the internal upper section 19. This profile includes a vertical wall 61 at the bottom of which there is a groove 62 of the same type as the groove 52, which accommodates and accommodates the spacer 32. This groove 62 is also provided with projections 60 which make it possible to fix securely the spacer 32.

The upper part of the wall 61 has the recess 21 which extends, substantially at 45 °, towards the inside of the duct. Above of the step 21, there is a semicircle 63 which corresponds to the internal wall of the upper duct 9. At the part upper half of the semicircle, there is the barrier 29 which stops the possible upwelling of water from outside.

On the external face of the profile 19, and in particular of the wall 61, between the groove 62 and the circular arc 63, we find, oriented towards the roof, the groove 22 which accommodates a sealing flap 23 as shown in Figure 1. This groove 22 allows a press fitting with or without bonding the flap.

FIG. 9 represents the external dorsal lower section 15, which profile has a wall 65 which corresponds to the wall of the hood 6. At the lower end of this wall there is finds a groove 66 which accommodates the grid 36 for example, which is secured by clipping.

The upper part of the wall 65 comprises the shelf horizontal 17, which shelf is disposed between said wall 65 and groove 67 which is the counterpart of groove 52 to accommodate the lower part of the spacer 16.

The wall 69 of the groove 67 also forms with its two return ends, a cavity 56 which accommodates a seal or any means to wedge the ridge structure on the Wall.

Under the shelf 17, there is the groove 28 which allows to accommodate a screw used for example to fix a tip at the end of the profile.

Figure 10 shows the lower section 31 which includes also an inclined wall 71 forming the wall of the hood 6. To the part bottom of this wall 71 there is a groove 72 which allows to accommodate the other border of grid 36, as shown in the figure 1, which is secured by clipping.

At the upper part of the wall 71, there is a groove 73 which constitutes the counterpart of the groove 62, to receive the end bottom of spacer 32.

Figure 11 shows an alternative embodiment of the profiles lower 15 and 31. Indeed, these two sections are joined to form a one-piece assembly by means of a wall 75 horizontal, which extends the shelf 17, which wall has laterally, at each of its ends, thinning longitudinal 76 forming incipient fractures.

This wall 75 can thus be opened in part or in whole, by the installer, as required and in particular function of the section necessary for the passage of air at level of the ridge structure.

The wall 75 has the advantage of joining the profiles 15 and 31 and also to facilitate the preparation of the ridge structure in the factory then its assembly on site.

The wall 75 can also be removed after mounting on construction site.

Figure 12 shows a particular ridge structure for double pitched roofs.

The ridge structure consists of an assembly of two elementary structures like the one represented in figure 1 by example, the lower sections of which are modified to allow an adaptation of a grid 36.

We notice that the assembly of the couple of structures elementary, is carried out as previously by means of screws. The elementary structures are arranged on either side of a vertical median plane 80. The two ridge structures 2 are capped by a U-shaped section which allows to join the part superior of the two elementary structures and to form sealing.

The lower central part consists of profiles 81 which are embedded on the spacers 16, above the grid 36. The external profiles 82 form the walls of the hood 6 'and are embedded on the spacers 32.

Figure 13 shows a variant of Figure 12 in which the ridge structure includes an upper part external consisting of a juxtaposition of the profiles 12 arranged back to back, and an internal lower part made up of: sections 19 and, assembled to the latter by means of spacers 32, - profiles 82 'which form the walls of the 6 "hood and which support the grid 36.

This ridge structure for a double slope roof can also include, as reinforcement, a central beam or purlin 83 on which are fixed on the one hand, the profiles 12 by means of the screws 84, and, on the other part, the internal lower part by means of shims 33 and screws 85.

Figure 14 and the following figures show a second embodiment of the ridge structure 2. This structure of ridge is shown in Figure 14, fixed to a wall 1, equipped with profile 3 which allows support via profile 4, with a possibility of slope adjustment, a roof 5.

The ridge structure includes, as before, a hood 6, a downstream duct 7 and an upper duct 9, the section is similar to a stick formed of rectilinear elements.

This ridge structure 2 forms, as before, a duct delimited by an external wall 110 partly leaned against wall 1 and an internal wall 111 on the roof side 5, on which is fixed, in its vertical part, the support profile 3 of the roof.

These two walls 110 and 111 are formed from an element base 112 which consists of two identical sections 113 and 114, arranged opposite one of which is against the wall 1 and the other serves support for profile 3.

These sections 113 and 114 made for example of aluminum, each have at their bottom a groove which allows to bring them both together by means of studs or bars 115, which studs are snapped on, clipped into said grooves and are spaced from each other so as not to hinder the passage and air circulation.

The upper part of profiles 113 and 114 is fitted to guide the upper part of the duct, in the shape of a butt. This upper part of the downstream conduit 7 and of the conduit 9 is consisting of an outer wall 116, located on the side of the profile 113 and an inner wall 117, located on the side of the profile 114.

At the level of the downstream conduit 7, the walls 116 and 117 are kept apart by means of a wedge 119 whose thickness used to establish the width of the ridge of the ridge structure. This wedge, as detailed below, consists of a section of a tubular profile which does not obstruct the passage or circulation of air.

The ridge structure 2 is assembled and fixed to the wall 1 at means of screws 120 which pass through the profile 3, the profile 114 of the base element, the inner wall 117, the shim 119, the outer wall 116 and finally the section 113 which is against the wall.

The basic element 112 can be pre-assembled at the factory. The ridge structure forms a one-piece assembly consisting of the basic element 112 and the upper conduit consisting of the conduit drain 7 and conduit 9 which are associated with the basic element 112 with a possibility of sliding from one to the other to adjust and adapt the height of the structure to the thickness of the roof 5.

The upper duct 9 has a constant section which corresponds to that of the vertical duct. This section is obtained by means of shims 121 interposed between walls 116 and 117, which wall 116 constitutes, at the top of the duct 9, a kind of cover or strip 122 which extends above of the roof 5, from the wall 1 where the sealing is carried out in cooperation with the flashing 123.

The lower edge 124 or pediment of the strip 122, may include in the duct, a valve 125 which prevents air returns inside the building.

The upper part of the wall 117 has arrangements in shape of grooves 126 which allow to accommodate a flap 127 responsible for seal between the ridge structure 2 and the roof 5.

The lower part of the ridge structure 2, formed by the hood 6, is produced by means of profiles 129 on the side of the wall 1 and 130 inside the side from roof 5; these sections 129 and 130 form the walls of said hood. These profiles are preferably fixed to the lower part of the basic element 112 by snapping in cooperation with grooves at the end lower section 113 and 114 constituting said base element 112.

A grid 131 is. fixed to the lower end of sections 129 and 130. An additional grid or filter 132 can be installed inside the the hood 6, fixed in grooves provided on each of the sections 129 and 130. If there is no hood 6, the grids can be arranged directly in the grooves provided at the bottom of the sections 113 and 114. However, this embodiment is not covered by the claims.

Figure 15 shows the basic element 112 alone. This basic element is consisting of two identical sections 113 and 114 which are arranged opposite, separated and connected by studs or bars 115. On their internal face, the profiles 113 and 114 have grooves 133 which allow the studs 115 to be fixed by snap-fastening, which include appropriate arrangements detailed below.

At their lower part, the profiles 113 and 114 have a rim 134 which extends inwards which also allows the locking of the hood 6 or, as detailed below, another basic element.

The internal upper part of the sections 113 and 114 comprises fittings 135 in the form of guide walls which allow precisely guide the walls 116 and 117 of the conduit superior.

FIG. 16 represents an alternative embodiment of the part bottom of the ridge structure 2 and in particular of the hood 6. This hood is in fact made up of a box 136 which is fixed by snaps for example at the bottom of the base element 112. This box contains for example an extractor device 137, arranged above a grid 131.

This box 136 preferably also consists of profiles which will be detailed later.

FIG. 17 represents an alternative embodiment of the ridge structure and in particular an association of two basic elements 112 which allows to modify the height of the ridge structure 2 to adapt it to the thickness of the roof 5.

The basic element 112 is modular, that is to say that it can receive at its upper or lower part, an element identical allowing to double its height.

FIG. 18 represents a variant in which three basic elements 112 are juxtaposed allowing to modify in according to needs, the height of the ridge structure. This height can still be adjusted by moving the duct upper, guided between the walls 135 of the upper base element 112.

The assembly is fixed to the wall as shown in Figure 14, i.e. by means of screws, after interposition of shims between the two sections 113 and 114 constituting the basic elements, which wedges are for example placed on the studs or bars 115 which ensure the junction between said sections 113 and 114.

Figures 19, 20 and 21 show the possibilities of variations of width of the conduit of the ridge structure.

Figure 19 corresponds to the previous figures with a duct width which is imposed by the studs or bars 115 which provide the connection between the profiles 113 and 114 of the base element 112, and also imposed by the thickness of the shim 119.

Figure 20 shows an embodiment in which the basic element 112 comprises a stud or bar 115 ′ whose dimension is greater than that of stud 115 in FIG. 19. We thus obtains a passage section for the downstream conduit 7, plus important. The shim 119 'is also thicker.

The wedge 121 ′ arranged in the upper duct 9 also has a greater thickness and the outer wall 116 'of the duct greater than dimensions that are suitable for this new passage section.

Figure 21 shows a ridge structure with a even larger passage section for the conduit.

The basic element 112 comprises a stud or bar 115 "of twice the dimensions of stud 115 and a 119 "shim whose thickness also corresponds substantially to twice the thickness of the shim 119.

The shim 121 "disposed in the upper duct 9 also has a thickness adapted to maintain a constant section of passage in the conduit.

The external profile 116 "which constitutes the envelope of the upper duct has appropriate dimensions to maintain the passage section.

The hood 6 also has larger dimensions and in particular grids 131 ', figure 20, 131 ", figure 21, which are adapted to the sections of passage adopted for the conduit.

It is noted, in these different configurations, that the sections 113 and 114 remain the same, as well as the section 117 which constitutes the internal wall top of the duct.

FIG. 22 represents an alternative embodiment which is not covered by the claims.

Figure 23 shows a ridge structure for a double roof slope.

We find the basic element 112 consisting of profiles 113 and 114 which are pre-assembled by means of studs or bars 115. The hood 6 is delimited by profiles 141 and 142 which are identical and designed to receive a grid 131.

The upper part of the T-shaped duct consists of a pair of internal profiles which correspond to profile 117 of the structure ridge shown in Figure 14, completed by an external profile 143 which forms a sort of cap covering said profiles 117. Profit 143 is integral profiles 117 by shims 144 distributed regularly to allow the air passage.

This upper part of the duct, with T-shaped section, slides in the upper part of the basic element 112 to allow adaptation of the height of the ridge structure to the thickness of the roof.

In addition, as before, the basic element 112 is modular, i.e. as shown in figure 24, it can be supplemented by a basic element 112 at its lower part by example, depending on the thickness of the roof 5.

FIG. 25 represents the wedge 119. This wedge 119 is of preferably consisting of a section of tubular aluminum profile which, depending on its dimensions, can be partitioned internally.

FIG. 26 represents a pad or strip 115, 115 ′, 115 ". This pad or bar preferably consists of a section of profile also made of aluminum. This tubular profile of rectangular section for example has on its short sides, the outside, legs 150, with lugs, which allow a snap-fastening of said tabs in the grooves 133 arranged at the lower part of the profiles 113, 114 which constitute the element of base 112.

Figure 27 shows a profile 113, 114, which constitutes one sides of the basic element 112. This profile made of aluminum, is similar to a dish and has at its lower end a rim 134 for the attachment of the profiles forming the walls of the hood 6. Above this rim 134, there is the groove 133 which allows the anchoring of the studs 115 and in particular the anchoring of the legs 150 per click.

The upper part of the profile 113, 114 has a wall 135 parallel to the flat of the profile, which allows in cooperation with a complementary tab 151 arranged below, to guide the profile 116, 117, constituting the upper duct of the ridge structure.

Figure 28 shows the internal profile of the upper duct of the ridge structure. This internal profile 117 consists of a vertical wall 152, which is guided on the wall 135 and the flange 151 of the profile 113, 114 constituting the basic element 112. The part upper part of the wall 152 is extended by an inclined portion 153 and a return downward 154 parallel to the wall 152, so as to form the internal envelope of the upper duct 9 in the form of lacrosse.

We note, at the top of the wall 152, two grooves 126 which allow to fix a flap; a groove 126 is oriented along the slope of the roof, the other is arranged directly with the end top of the wall 152, in the angle of the latter with the serving 153.

Figure 29 shows the profile that forms the envelope external of the downstream conduit 7 and the upper conduit 9. This profile 116 consists of a vertical wall 156 which is guided by the wall 135 and the flange 151 of the profile 113, 114 constituting the element of based. At the upper part of this wall 156, there is a part sloping 122 whose slope corresponds to that of part 153 of the section 117 and which is of the same order as the slope of the roof. This part 122 forms a sort of strip against the wall and the roof. At the lower end of part 122, there is a pediment 124, parallel to part 156, which has, on its internal face, a groove 159 which accommodates the flap 125 which forms a valve.

Pediment 124 may include or accommodate a shutter or flap which allows, as shown in Figure 14, to extend the leads and reduce the risk of entry of water and wind.

The upper part of the wall 156 also includes a ledge 160 intended to lean against wall 1 and to facilitate the arrangement sealing with the flashing.

FIG. 30 represents the section 129 which constitutes one of the walls of the hood 6 and in particular the wall disposed against the wall 1. This profile has, at its upper part, a tab 161 with lug for snapping into the lower part of the profile 113.

The wall 129 also has inside, a flange 162 intended to support a grid or filter 132 as shown in figure 14.

The lower end of the wall 129 is arranged to allow the locking of the grid 131 for example.

Figure 31 shows the section 130 which constitutes the other wall of the hood 6. This profile 130 consists of an inclined wall 163 which has at its upper end a tab 164 provided a lug to allow the snap on the edge 134 located at the lower end of the profile 114 of the base element.

Under this wall, there is a branch 165 which is located in opposite the border 162 of room 129, to accommodate a grid or filter 132, as shown in figure 14.

The lower end of the wall 163 is arranged to allow the fixing by snap-fastening or other of the grid 131.

Figure 32 shows a section of a profile which allows directly make a box 136 in which one can accommodate by example an extractor and to the bottom of which we can fix a grid 131 as shown in FIG. 16.

This box 136 has a wall 166 which is against the wall 1 and which is vertical, the upper part of which is arranged for allow snap-fitting on the lower end of profile 113 of the basic element.

The lower part of the box consists of a wall 167 provided with openings 169 to allow the installation of grilles.

A front face 170, parallel to the wall 166, extends between the bottom 167 and an inclined wall 171 which constitutes the upper part of the box.

This inclined wall 171 is completed, as shown Figure 33, by a portion of wall 172 on which it is assembled by any appropriate means.

This portion of wall 172 comprises at its upper part, an arrangement which makes it possible to cooperate with the end bottom of section 113 to assemble by snap-fastening for example.

This additional wall 172 also has a rim 165 'which corresponds to that found in Figure 31 on the wall 163 and which allows, in collaboration with the flange 162 'arranged at the upper part of the wall 166, to accommodate a grid or a filter 132, as shown in Figure 14.

The box 136 can have dimensions and in particular a different widths according to the dimensions of the grids 131 and according to especially the passage sections of the duct.

FIG. 34 represents the complete box 136, that is to say consisting of its wall 171, 172 which makes it possible to connect it to the lower end of the base element 112, by snap-fastening.

The box also has grooves 173, in its corners, which open grooves allow the installation of screws for maintain closing covers at the ends of said box.

Figure 35 shows an alternative embodiment of the figure 1 which shows on the one hand the location at the bottom of the hood 6 of a lighting spot 174, installed in place of a grid 36 for example. Several spots can be arranged all over the length of the structure, appropriately fixed on the profiles 15 and 31. The profile 15 advantageously has a groove 175 which acts as a cable passage for supplying the spots or others, that is to say fans 39 for example.

In addition, still in this figure, the two sections forming the hood 6 and the two sections forming the downstream part 7 and the duct upper 9, are assembled by means of a spacer system piece.

Profiles 15 and 31 constituting the hood are assembled by the same wedge 176 which is in the form of a portion of aluminum profile with U-section with edges 177 housed in the grooves provided at the top of said profiles 15 and 31. These grooves also have a return 179 oriented towards inside the air passage, so as to trap the edges 177 profile 176.

Thus, the section 176 performs an assembly of the sections 15 and 31, directly.

The same arrangement is found for the upper profiles 12 and 19 which form the outlet 7 and the conduit 9. These two sections are assembled by the same section 176 acting as a wedge, thanks to their grooves and the flanges 179 which trap the flanges 177 profile 176. These edges 177 act as tenons.

These wedges 176 have a width of the order of a few centimeters and are spaced enough to allow the passage and air circulation at this structure of ridge.

In addition, the wedges 176 are integral with one another, back to back, by means of bars 180 made for example of material plastic, which bars have at their ends dovetail-shaped studs which are set in appropriate grooves arranged on the faces opposite the holds 176.

By this system of shims and spacers, we obtain a one-piece ridge structure, easy to position and assemble on a wall 1.

The end of the upper duct 9, at the outlet, advantageously comprises grooves 181 and 182 which allow to house a grid, not shown, which acts as a mosquito net for example.

Figure 36 shows an alternative embodiment of the system monobloc spacer block.

This spacer spacer 186 consists of portions of a profile made of plastic or other material, C section, open on the side of wall 1 for example.

This spacer block has at its upper ends and lower, studs 187 which cooperate with the grooves fitted on each of the aluminum profiles, i.e. the profiles 15 and 31 which form the hood 6 and the sections 12 and 19 which form the downstream part 7 and the upper duct 9.

The different aluminum profiles 12, 15, 19 and 31 include as before, figure 35, at their grooves assembly, flanges 179 oriented towards the interior of the duct, which allow them to be locked directly on the spacer blocks 186.

These spacers shown in Figures 35 and 36 can have various dimensions which allow the structure to be adapted of different types of roofs that are associated.

Thus, in Figure 36, there is a roof 5 which is carried by a chair 190, in the form of a square; this chair is made in aluminum profile and is associated and fixed to the ridge structure by means of a plate 191 which rests on said structure covering the space between sections 31 and 19 and masking the spacer blocks 186.

The various constituent elements are assembled by means of judiciously positioned screws. Preferably, the structure of ridge comprises screws, not shown, used to fix the spacers with the different profiles constituting said structure.

Figures 37 and 38 show a ridge structure for roofs with two slopes, using the spacer system piece.

Figure 37 shows the association of two ridge structures 2 identical to those detailed previously in FIG. 35. These ridge structures have wedges 176 braced at means of the bars 180 so as to form a one-piece assembly. The assembly is fixed for example by bolting, preferably at shim level.

Figure 38 corresponds to a ridge structure using the spacers 186 detailed previously in Figure 36.

We notice, in this figure 38, that the two structures of ridge 2 can also be assembled on a blade 193 which is positioned at the level of the shims 186.

For this alternative embodiment, the hood 6 is formed of a set consisting of two sections 194 which correspond to the section 31 of Figure 36. These sections 194 are used for fixing a pair of fans arranged back to back for example.

These sections 194 also have flanges 195, projecting, which extend on either side of the hood 6 and which act as chair, to accommodate the roof 5. These edges have a projecting part 196 which comprises a horizontal flat surface and ending in a rounded end 197 on which the roof 5 and in particular the beams. This rounded end 197 allows to accept different roof slopes while keeping a precise contact with the ridge structure.

Figure 39 shows the association of a ridge structure 2 to two slopes as shown in Figure 38, with a tip circular 200 which allows the positioning of beams radiating.

This tip 200 fits at the end of the structure of ridge and it is assembled by any appropriate means on the spacer blocks 186 for example.

The tip 200 includes a part 201 in the form of a half-cylinder whose axis is vertical, and a circular base 202 whose shape is similar to that of the flanges 195 of the ridge structure. This base 202 has a rounded edge which allows to accept roofs of various and varied slopes.

A cap 203 is arranged to cap the end piece 200 and, in at the same time, seal with the upper part of the ridge structure.

Figure 40 shows an alternative embodiment of the box 37 'in which an extractor fan 39 is housed. This box 37' has a grid 36 'which extends on several sides, which grid is snapped onto the profiles constituting the box. We thus find - a profile 210 which forms the wall against the wall 1 with a return to the square at the bottom to accommodate the 36 'grid, and - a other profile 211 adapted to fit onto profile 31 which forms the internal casing of the hood 6. This profile 211 includes 212-shaped grooves to accommodate the game upper part of the grid 36 '. It also has a groove 213 arranged opposite a groove 214 fitted to the part upper of profile 210. These grooves make it possible to accommodate by example a filter 215 at the inlet of the hood 6.

Figure 41 shows the section of the upper profile 12, which includes some additional adjustments compared to to the profile shown in Figure 7.

The first arrangement is located at the groove 52, that is to say at the bottom of the wall 51 of the drain. This groove 52 has a flange 179 which makes it possible to trap the wedges and especially the edges 177 and tenons 187 depending on the type of wedge.

Also found at the end of the arch 53, the groove 182 which accommodates a filter acting as a mosquito net by example.

FIG. 42 represents the section 19 which is associated with the section 12 to form the drain and the upper duct. This profile 19 also includes arrangements in relation to the profile shown in Figure 8.

This first arrangement consists of a ledge 179 at level of the groove 62 and which is located as for the profile 12, at the lower part of the vertical wall 61 so as to trap the flanges 177 or tenons 187 depending on the type of shim used.

The end of the upper wall 63 has a groove 181 arranged opposite the groove 182 of the profile 12, so as to accommodate the other edge of the grid placed at the end of the duct 9.

Figures 43 and 44 show profiles 15 and 31 respectively, which form the walls of the hood. Groove 67 of profile 15 also has a flange 179 which allows to trap edges 177 or tenons 187 depending on the type of wedge, just like the groove 73 of the profile 31, also provided with a rim 179.

As for the sections shown 9 and 10, the sections 15 and 31 respectively have grooves 66, 72 of latching or fitting grids or other equipment such as spotlights, fans. Profile 15 also has a groove 175 allowing for example the housing and passage of cables power supply for spotlights or fans.

Figure 45 shows a spacer block made of two portions of aluminum U-section 176 profiles, including the backs are connected by means of bars 180 which form the spacers. These bars 180 have at their ends tenons 218 which are housed in grooves on the holds. The walls forming these grooves allow by deformation, to achieve a crimping of the pins 218 of the spacers 180.

The choice of the length of the bars 180 makes it possible to make vary the height of the ridge structure and adapt it to dimensions of the roof grafted onto this structure.

Figure 46 shows the profile used in the case of the figure 38 for a double-pitched roof. This profile offers character versatile in that it can accommodate slope roofs more easily different.

This profile is fixed on the edges 177 or tenons 187 of the spacer blocks by means of its groove 67 and it has a flat wall horizontal 196 which extends over a sufficient distance to serve as a support for rafters constituting the roof, as shown in Figure 38.

The end 197 of the flat wall 196 is shaped in the shape of an arc of circle that extends downward. This profile is also fitted with a recess 220, at its lower end, which allows for example to accommodate a decorative wall or grid as required.

Figure 47 shows the profile 210 which constitutes one of the walls of the trunk 37 'in which an extractor fan can be accommodated as shown figure 40.

This profile 210 has at its upper part, a flange 221 which is inclined to be fixed on the section 15 of the hood 6.

This profile 210 has at its upper part, a flange 221 which is inclined to be fixed on the section 15 of the hood 6.

This profile 210 also has at its lower part, a return 222 to the bracket, the end of which has a rim 223 to allow the latching of the filter 36 '.

Figure 48 shows the profile 211 which constitutes the front face of the trunk 37 '. This profile has at its upper part a groove 225 in the form of hook for fitting onto a corresponding shape fitted on the profile 31 from the hood.

It also has a groove 212 located outside, halfway up, to accommodate the upper end of the filter 36 '.

There is also, on the internal face of the profile, the groove 213 which allows to house for example a filter located between the extractor fan and the hood.

Figure 49 shows a section of the grid 36 'which covers the part bottom and the visible face of the box 37 '. This grid is simply fitted in the groove 212 of the profile 211, in its part upper, and rests, while being snapped on, on the return 222 of profile 210.

FIG. 50 represents the spacer block 186 used for the construction of the structure shown in figure 36 for a simple roof slope and figures 38 and 39 for a structure allowing the realization of a roof with two or more slopes.

This spacer spacer 186 is in the form of a C which is provided at its upper and lower walls 237, with tenons 187. The upper and lower walls form, with these let's hold 187, a U shape that is similar to the U shape of wedges 176 shown in Figure 45.

This U shape is also found in Figure 51. The system spacer shown in Figure 51 is actually made of two elements 230 and 231 capable of being assembled by any means suitable as for example a tail type assembly dove.

These elements 230 and 231 comprise as previously pins 232 intended to be inserted into the grooves of the profiles to assemble i.e. profiles 12 and 19 for the upper part of the structure and 15 and 31 for the lower part constituting the hood.

The fact of having two elements 230 and 231, separable, allows the insertion of spacers of variable height to adapt the spacing of the upper part of the structure and the part Lower depending on the thickness of the roof.

Thus, Figures 52, 53 and 54, there are spacers of variable height which are inserted between elements 230 and 231. These spacers 233, 233 'and 233 ", include assembly means of the dovetail type cooperating with those fitted on elements 230 and 231. This dovetail assembly can be tapered to get a jamming of pieces relative to each other.

All these spacers shown in figure 45 and figures 50 to 54, are obtained from cut profiles. The length of these spacers is of the order of 5 to 6 cm. These spacer blocks are evenly distributed over the length of the structure and their spacing, to allow the passage of air, is of the order of 50 cm. This spacing between the spacers varies according to the dimensions of the desired structure and inertia.

Claims (21)

1. A ridge structure comprising a double-wall tubular and modular single-piece conduit (10, 11), said conduit including the following elements arranged in succession : a hood (6), a gully conduit (7) and an upper conduit (9) forming the wind screen, whereof the section is in the form of a crosshead and contains a capping (13) with, at its end, an arrangement for sealing said structure, both walls (10, 11) delineating the tubular and modular single-piece conduit, being composed of at least two pairs of profiles (12/19, 31/15) provided opposite to one another, said profiles consisting of at least two pairs of profiles (12/19, 31/15) being separate by thickness shims (33), which enable notably the assembly of said profiles together, and the profiles of at least two pairs of profiles comprising moreover means for varying the length of the gully conduit (7), to suit said structure to different roof thicknesses.
2. A ridge structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the thickness of the shims (33) is selected according to the section that should be given to said conduit, and in particular the upper portion forming the wall of the crosshead, is designed with a shape and sizes adapted to those of the shims (33) which have been selected, in order to keep a constant section at the upper conduit (9).
3. A ridge structure according to any of the claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the means enabling to vary the length of the conduit consist of spacers (16, 32), which spacers are preferably engaged and locked in grooves provided at the ends of each said profile.
4. A ridge structure according to claim 3, characterised in that the spacers (16, 32) are made of an insulating material in order to provide an thermal bridge break between the upper and lower profiles, which spacers are notably linked with said profiles and said thickness shims (33) by screws (34).
5. A ridge structure according to claim 3, characterised in that the lower profiles forming the hood (6) are linked together by means of a wall (75), easily detachable thanks to lateral taperings (76) forming an incipient fracture, to enable operation of the single-piece conduit which may be open according to the requirements in order to provide air passageways necessary to ventilation.
6. A ridge structure according to claim 5, characterised in that both profiles (15 and 31) forming the hood (6) comprise walls (65 and 71), respectively, flaring downwardly and fitted at their lower ends, with grooves to accommodate equipment such as fan-extractor caissons, and in the case of the profile (31), a groove (175) forming a cable duct.
7. A ridge structure according to claim 6, characterised in that it comprises, at the profiles (15 and 31) forming the hood (6), at least one lighting spot (174) and, possibly, its transformer, which spot benefits from permanent ventilation.
8. A ridge structure according to any of the claims 3 to 7, characterised in that the upper conduit (9) in the form of an open crosshead includes, at its internal wall, a recess (21) extending inwardly into the conduit in order to reduce by approximately one third the outlet section of said upper conduit (9) with respect to the section of the gully conduit (7), and in that the upper portion of the external wall (15) of the hood forms an anti-repellent panel, which reduces also by approximately one third the inlet section of the gully conduit (7).
9. A ridge structure according to any of the claims 3 to 8, characterised in that the internal profile (19) of the upper conduit (9) comprises, under the rounded portion of the crosshead, a deep groove (22) for housing a mud flap (23) for ensuring tightness between said structure and the roof (5) and, on the rounded portion, a barrier (29) for stopping trickling waters.
10. A ridge structure according to any of the claims 3 to 9, characterised in that an end rim (25) of the upper conduit (9) comprises a groove (27) which may receive a tightness member serving as a shutter.
11. A ridge structure according to any of the claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the shims and the means enabling to vary the length of the conduit form a single-piece assembly, consisting of shim-spacers, interposed between the profiles (12, 15, 19, 31), which profiles include to that end, channels or grooves fitted with a rim (179) for assembly thereof on said shim-spacers.
12. A ridge structure according to claim 11, characterised in that the shim-spacers consist of portion of U-shaped aluminium profiles (176), assembled back to back by small bars (180) made of plastic material, by crimping the ends of said dovetail bars.
13. A ridge structure according to claim 11, characterised in that the shim-spacers consist of two elements (230 and 231) fitted with means to be gathered by a dovetail-type assembly.
14. A ridge structure according to claim 11, characterised in that the shim-spacers consist of portions of a profile (186) of plastic material or other with a C-shaped section on the external side, which profile includes lugs (187) whereof the shape is adapted to that of the grooves of the profiles (12, 15, 19, 31) delineating the conduit for assembling said profiles.
15. A ridge structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the gully conduit consists of a base element (112) whereof the pair of profiles (113, 114) are linked together by studs or small bars (115) which provide sufficient space to let through air and the shims (119) are composed of punched parts not to impede air circulation.
16. A ridge structure according to claim 15, characterised in that the pair of profiles (113, 114) of the base element (112) is made of aluminium and includes: - means in the form of grooves (133) to enable studs or small bars (115) to be snapped on, the means for varying the length of the conduit include vertical translation guiding means, for the upper conduit, - means for accommodating and fastening, in the form of rims (134) to house a grid or snap in position, for example a hood (6), or a caisson (136) with or without extractor, or still lighting spots.
17. A ridge structure according to claim 15, characterised in that the profiles (113, 114) forming the base element, are modular, i.e. they include at their lower portion and at the upper portion, an arrangement which enables to associate them by snapping them together or other to identical profiles acting as extensions, to modify at will the height of the structure, in relation to the thickness of the roof, which extensions comprise at their lower end, means identical to those of said base element, to house either other extensions or a grid, a hood or a caisson with or without extractor.
18. A ridge structure according to claim 17, characterised in that the caisson (36) fixed to the lower portion of the base element (112), consists of an aluminium profile forming the greater portion of said caisson and of an additional bar (172) whereof the sizes are suited according to the requirements to those of said base element, for snapping the caisson onto said base element.
19. A double slop ridge structure characterised in that it consists of a juxtaposition of two ridge structures according to any of the claims 1 to 18, which structures are arranged back to back, with or without reinforcements, forming two ventilation conduits.
20. A ridge structure according to claim 19, characterised in that the portion forming the hood (6) is delineated by two profiles forming a single hood, which profiles comprise rims (195) protruding on either side of said hood (6) and acting as a chair for receiving the roof (5), which rims comprise a horizontal plane section (196) ending with a rounded end (197) whereon rests said roof, whereof the slopes may be diverse and varied.
21. A ridge structure according to any of the claims 19 or 20, characterised in that it comprises a its end, a block (200) embedded and attached to said structure by means of the shim-spacers for example, for implanting a radiating roof or not on one or several sides, which block consists of a portion (201) in the form of a vertical semi-cylinder, of a skid (202) which is circular with a rounded rim, and, for closing the assembly, a cap (203).

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