EP0831601B1 - Vorrichtung zum Übertragen digitaler Informationen über Satellit von mehreren Bodenstationen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Übertragen digitaler Informationen über Satellit von mehreren Bodenstationen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0831601B1
EP0831601B1 EP97402170A EP97402170A EP0831601B1 EP 0831601 B1 EP0831601 B1 EP 0831601B1 EP 97402170 A EP97402170 A EP 97402170A EP 97402170 A EP97402170 A EP 97402170A EP 0831601 B1 EP0831601 B1 EP 0831601B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tdma
satellite
packets
mode
stations
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP97402170A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0831601A1 (de
Inventor
Huu Nghia Pham
Carlo Elia
Maria Gouta
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Agence Spatiale Europeenne
Eutelsat SA
Original Assignee
Organisation Europeenne De Telecommunication Par Satellite Eutelsat
Agence Spatiale Europeenne
Organisation Europeenne de Telecommunications par Satellite Eutelsat
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Application filed by Organisation Europeenne De Telecommunication Par Satellite Eutelsat, Agence Spatiale Europeenne, Organisation Europeenne de Telecommunications par Satellite Eutelsat filed Critical Organisation Europeenne De Telecommunication Par Satellite Eutelsat
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/18523—Satellite systems for providing broadcast service to terrestrial stations, i.e. broadcast satellite service

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an information transmission device digital satellite from multiple stations at soil, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention thus relates to transmissions digital satellite to receivers which are designed to receive a signal conforming to ETS 300 421 (Television broadcast standard digital satellite in Ku bands, called DVB-S, developed by the DVB group, Digital Video Broadcasting).
  • ETS 300 421 Transmissions digital satellite to receivers which are designed to receive a signal conforming to ETS 300 421 (Television broadcast standard digital satellite in Ku bands, called DVB-S, developed by the DVB group, Digital Video Broadcasting).
  • the invention finds its utility when it is necessary to convey digital flows of low bit rates (of the order of 6 Mbit / s or minus) from multiple remote sources, belonging to independent entities, to a multiplexing point so constitute the final broadcast multiplex in accordance with the ISO / IEC 13818-1 standard (System part of MPEG2 standard developed by the MPEG group, Moving Picture Expert Group), while avoiding an architecture involving a point of land and centralized transit.
  • ISO / IEC 13818-1 standard System part of MPEG2 standard developed by the MPEG group, Moving Picture Expert Group
  • the invention relates to an improvement of the embodiment described in patent application No. 96 11431 in the name of applicants.
  • Digital television services compressed according to the MPEG2 standard require speeds of 5 Mbit / s for a so-called broadcast video quality, around 6 Mbit / s at total if we add several high quality audio channels and auxiliary data.
  • Digital television services compressed according to the MPEG2 standard require speeds of 5 Mbit / s for a so-called broadcast video quality, around 6 Mbit / s at total if we add several high quality audio channels and auxiliary data.
  • the TDMA operating mode responds effectively and appropriately to the needs of multimedia services while maintaining the complexity of the equipment on board in proportions reasonable.
  • stations at ground referring to a common time base, emit on the same frequency, in sequential order and without overlap in time, digital bursts at a rate higher than the bit rate of their respective sources.
  • the time base of an TDMA system is provided by one or more so-called reference stations which transmit to the satellite of the signals of beginning and end marking weft.
  • the other stations by calculation or by a technique of successive approximations, deduce their times of transmission from the times of reception of frame marking signals from radio stations reference.
  • the present invention relates to the production of a system that solves the problem.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a structure of transmitting stations at Earth.
  • Fig. 2 shows a structure on board the satellite.
  • Fig. 3a shows the frame structure, on the one hand, in mode continuous and, on the other hand, in TDMA mode.
  • Fig. 3b illustrates details of the AMRT bursts.
  • Fig. 4 shows the use of the structure of DVB / MPEG2 packets.
  • the present invention relates to a improvement of the realization of the patent application No 96 11431 whose figs. 1 and 2 attached correspond to fig. 1 and 2 of this request.
  • each transmitting station on land 1 a , 1 b ... 1 n has a source S, designated by 3 a , 3 b ... 3 n , generating 188 byte packets starting with a synchronization byte whose the value is fixed and equal to 0x47 (47 in hexadecimal) and by three header bytes, followed by 184 payload bytes.
  • the various sources S are controlled by individual clocks designated by 2 a , 2 b ... 2 n , which are not necessarily synchronous and whose common denominator is the clock extracted from the digital signal received on the downward path (point 17 , Fig. 2).
  • the packets at the output of the sources S are processed by RSE blocks of Reed-Solomon encoding 4 a , 4 b ... 4 n , these blocks being strictly in accordance with the DVB standard and being, in the embodiment described under 'example, connected to SEDS blocks forming simplified energy dispersion scramblers, designated by 5 a , 5 b ... 5 n . These blocks are not necessarily required.
  • the bit stream resulting from the SEDS scrambling blocks is modulated, for example in quadriphase (QPSK) or any suitable binary modulation, according to the specific needs either in bandwidth conservation or in energy conservation by MOD modulators designated by 6 a , 6 b ... 6 n .
  • QPSK quadriphase
  • the central emission frequencies F a , F b ... F n of the stations are assigned statically according to the bank of on-board demodulators (Fig. 2).
  • the outputs of the DEMOD demodulators designated by 7 a , 7 b ... 7 n , adapted to the MOD modulators of FIG. 1, are respectively connected to SEDD blocks forming simplified energy dispersing descramblers 8 a , 8 b ... 8 n .
  • PMUX 10 multiplexer reads buffers cyclically TAMP and, if these contain a complete package at the time from reading, forward this packet to single output at high flow 12; otherwise, the multiplexer 10 inserts a packet special called "dummy package". In this operation, the multiplexer 10 is controlled by the clock Ho.
  • the action of the scrambler consists in performing an Exclusive OR operation (XOR) between packets of 204 bytes at the output of multiplexer and pseudo-random sequences also of 204 bytes.
  • XOR Exclusive OR operation
  • the scrambling operation generated by the modified scrambler MEDS produces a packet flow identical to that obtained with the original DVB-S diagram, in which the coding of Reed-Solomon is applied at the output of the scrambler DVB-S. Therefore, the exit from MEDS 13 can be directly connected to the convolutional interleaving block (EC) of the DVB diagram, here designated by 14.
  • the coding blocks internal (CI) and quadriphase modulation (QPSK), designated by 15 and 16 respectively, are strictly in accordance with the DVB-S specification. Formatting information as well produced at the output of the modulation block 16 is compatible with any receiver designated by 17 intended to receive a signal compliant with DVB-S standard.
  • the shore transmitting stations 1 a , 1 b ... 1 n transmitting on this link increase the instantaneous speed output from their modulator by a fixed ratio , regardless of the speed of continuous link operation. Choosing a fixed ratio minimizes the number of clock frequencies in the system.
  • this ratio is chosen equal to 52/48 compared to an operation in mode continuous, an increase of 8.3%.
  • FIG. 3a There is thus shown, in the upper part of FIG. 3a, a frame structure in continuous mode, the lower part of the figure illustrating a frame structure in TDMA mode.
  • a continuous frame 20 on the link rising from fig. 1 has 48 time slots, each of these sections being equal to the transmission time up a DVB packet.
  • TDMA 21 frames on the link rising from fig. 1 each have 52 slices time or 52 DVB packets.
  • Fig. 3b which illustrates in detail the AMRT bursts, shows that, according to the invention, various stations 1 a , 1 b ... 1 n of FIG. 1, which are then of TDMA type, send bursts respectively referenced 22 a , 22 b ... 22 n, namely bursts No 1, No 2 ... No n which are separated from one another by a time of guard T.
  • each burst comprises a preamble 23 (to aid in the frequency and clock synchronization of the on-board demodulators) followed by an integer k of DVB packets 24.
  • the integer number k of DVB packets is common to all bursts from all TDMA stations accessing the same frequency. This constraint is motivated by the concern of simplification of the on-board logic functions for processing of TDMA mode.
  • the period of a frame is also equal to the time necessary to extract 48 DVB packets from the buffer (TAMP) 9 a , 9 b ... 9 n on board the satellite (see fig. 2).
  • n of TDMA stations accessing a link must be an integer divisor of 48.
  • the choice of the number 48 allows, in apart from other constraints, sharing a link by 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 48 stations which are dividers of 48.
  • the maximum number n of stations that can share a link rising is limited by the minimum time reserved for the time of guard T and at the transmission of the preamble, by the buffer size constraints in ground receptors 17 of fig. 2 and by their tolerance to the disturbance created by the timing of the packets at the time of transmission to the ground. In a concrete realization of the modules on board satellites, this maximum has been set at 6.
  • the burst mode is activated for the corresponding 7 a , 7 b ... 7 n demodulator. This activation is done by remote control from the ground via a remote control link of the satellite platform.
  • the speed of reading of buffers 9 a , 9 b ... 9 n by the packet multiplexer (PMUX) is unchanged regardless of the mode, TDMA or continuous. Activating TDMA mode on a given link therefore does not affect the operation of stations on other links.
  • the remainder of this description relates to using the MPEG2 packet structure to define TDMA frames generated on board the satellite.
  • the on-board module of FIG. 2 generates all the synchronization signals necessary for operation in TDMA mode. This is achieved by the particular use of MPEG2 packet structures, explained below.
  • a DVB 24 package of Figs. 3a and 3b includes an MPEG2 25 packet, followed by 16 parity bytes Reed Solomon referenced 26.
  • MPEG2 packets have a structure defined by the standard ISO / IEC 13818-1, the essential elements of which invention are shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4.
  • each MPEG2 packet has a header 27 of 4 bytes containing several well defined fields followed by a useful part of 184 bytes.
  • the PID 28 field Program Identification
  • the PID 28 field is intended for distinguish between services carried in a even multiplex, some values of this field being used to indicate the uplink.
  • the PID field is used in this invention of two specific ways to perform the necessary functions to the management of TDMA mode which are the protocol for telemetry, on the one hand, and synchronization management, on the other hand. These functions are successively detailed below.
  • the telemetry protocol is a mechanism that allows operators of shore stations to know, in near time real, operational parameters relating to their own uphill links, and only to these, without doing call to the telemetry functions of the satellite platform which are under the sole control of the operator of the satellite.
  • the AMRT frame generation is, in this invention, made as follows, referring to fig. 4.
  • the multiplexer 10 of FIG. 2 In the absence of received data, the multiplexer 10 of FIG. 2 generates stuffing packets whose PID takes a value unique to each uplink. These PIDs are reserved and used only for this purpose (link indicator rising).
  • the multiplexer numbers, cyclically, from 1 to 48, the order jam packets generated.
  • a 5 bit field 30 of numbering of the stuffing packets, in the useful part of the MPEG2 packet, is used for this purpose (frame indicator).
  • the DVB packets of this burst replace the packets of padding for this portion of TDMA frame. This substitution allows other stations to determine that this portion of frame is no longer free, by the fact that the PID of the packets of this portion of frame is no longer a link indicator rising.
  • the TDMA frame acquisition protocol is explained below.
  • the frame acquisition protocol is the procedure that must run any station that transmits for the first time on an TDMA link to calculate its transmission time by based on the time base and the TDMA frame it receives on the downlink.
  • This procedure is quick because the acquisition of the frame is done in a single TDMA cycle, approximately 34 milliseconds for an uplink at 2.292 Mbit / s, or about 11 milliseconds for a 7.448 Mbit / s uplink (lowest and highest bit rates, respectively in systems that will be onboard satellites in course).
  • This procedure is reliable because it tolerates imprecision of initial knowledge of the distance to the satellite, at least ⁇ ⁇ i.e. ⁇ 80 km (parameter calculated for the case more critical which is that of 6 stations sharing a highest rate link up).
  • This procedure is precise because it allows, after acquisition, knowledge of the distance from the station to satellite equal to information coding accuracy time realized on the on-board module.
  • This precision can be of the order of a bit, the equivalent of 120 meters, or of the order of the byte, which is the equivalent of the kilometer, for the lowest rising bit rate (2.292 Mbit / s). For higher climb rates, accuracy reaches 40 meters with bit-level coding of around 300 meters with coding at the byte level. A big accuracy minimizes the frequency of diagnostic signals from distance that stations must transmit to the satellite for maintaining frame synchronization according to the protocol below.
  • This frame synchronization maintenance protocol is the procedure that every station must perform regularly traffic phase to reset its transmission time so avoid encroachment on the transmission windows of the other stations. This protocol is necessary because of the slow movement of the satellite and other slow phenomena clock drift in the system.
  • this time guard duty is calculated equal to the equivalent of 20 km. This is insufficient to prevent encroachment of a salvo on a other, taking into account only the movement of the satellite which is commonly held in a 50 km cube.
  • the present invention solves the above problem by the use of a special package, called the telemetry package, which is regularly inserted into the traffic flow by the AMRT station.
  • the on-board module provides coded time information in the same way as in the case of a short burst. After decoding this information, the TDMA station will reset its transmission time if necessary to take account of any drifts detected.
  • telemetry packets are only transmitted only at a very low frequency (for example, a package per hour).

Claims (15)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Übertragen digitaler Informationen über Satellit von mehreren Bodenstationen beinhaltend:
    mindestens eine Menge aufsteigender Verbindungen (1a, 1b...1n), dazu bestimmt, formatierte digitale Informationen in Paketen zum Satelliten auf wenigstens zwei voneinander verschiedenen Frequenzen zu übertragen; mindestens ein Modul (10), mitgeführt an Bord eines Satelliten, das geeignet ist die Informationen auf einer einzigen absteigenden Verbindung zu empfangen, zu multiplexen und umzuformatieren;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine der aufsteigenden Verbindungen (1a, 1b...1n) in dem Modus des mehrfachen Zugangs in zeitlicher Verteilung, genannt AMRT, und wenigstens eine andere aufsteigende Verbindung in dem Modus der kontinuierlichen Übertragung arbeitet.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine vorgenannte aufsteigende Verbindung im Modus der AMRT oder im Modus der kontinuierlichen Übertragung konfigurierbar ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das von dem Satelliten ausgesandte Signal ein zeitlicher Multiplex mit allen nützlichen Informationen ist, die einzeln von mehreren Bodenstationen zum Satelliten ausgesandt werden und eindeutig kompatibel zu den Empfängern ist, die bestimmt sind für den Empfang von Signalen nach der Norm für die Ausstrahlung digitalen Fernsehens durch Satelliten in den Bändern Ku, DVB-S genannt.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Konfigurierung in AMRT oder in kontinuierlicher Übertragung einer aufsteigenden Verbindung ausgeführt wird, ohne dass die Arbeitsweise der anderen Verbindungen davon berührt wird, wozu ein Anstieg des Durchflusses von Information auf dem aufsteigenden Weg einer Verbindung gegenüber dem Durchfluss in kontinuierlicher Arbeitsweise auf dieser Verbindung durchgeführt wird, und dieser Anstieg dazu dient, die Funktion des Vorspannes und der Bereitschaftszeit der Übertragung im Modus AMRT anzupassen.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Struktur der MPEG2-Pakete des vom Satelliten ausgesandten Signals in der nachfolgenden Weise für die Definition der AMRT-Raster benutzt wird, wobei diese AMRT-Raster an Bord des Satelliten erzeugt werden:
    in Abwesenheit empfangener Daten generiert der Multipexer Füllpakete, deren Programm-Identifikation (PID) einen zu jeder aufsteigenden Verbindung gehörenden, einzigen Wert annimmt,
    wenn eine aufsteigende Verbindung im Modus AMRT konfiguriert ist nummeriert der Multiplexer zyklisch die Reihenfolge der erzeugten Füllpakete. Ein Feld von fünf Bits für das Nummerieren der Füllpakete in dem Nutzteil des MPEG2-Paketes wird hierzu benutzt,
    wenn eine Salve von einer aufsteigenden Station aus den n-Stationen bei dem Satelliten in Phase mit einem Strick des AMRT-Rasters ankommt, substituieren die DVB-Pakete von dieser Salve die Füllpakete für diesen Abschnitt des AMRT-Rasters.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aktivierung oder das Anhalten der Übertragung einer AMRT-Station in autonomer Weise durchgeführt wird, ohne Koordination mit den anderen Stationen, die die gleiche Verbindung teilen.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine kurze Salve und bestimmte Pakete benutzt werden, um der Bodenstation zu ermöglichen, eine schnelle, zuverlässige und präzise Erfassung nach dem Protokoll zwischen dieser und dem Empfangsteil des mitgeführten Moduls durchzuführen.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grundparameter, Rasterlänge, Bereitschaftszeit und Synchronisationsprotokoll und dergleichen in einer Art gewählt sind, dass sie eine einfache Inbetriebnahme des mitgeführten Moduls zu erlauben.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Struktur des Rasters, das durch den Satelliten ausgesandt wird, eine feststehende Anzahl von beispielsweise 48 DVB-Paketen enthält.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Verhältnis von 52/48, für die Erhöhung des Flusses auf den im AMRT-Modus rekonfiguriert aufsteigenden Verbin dungen im AMRT-Modus rekonfiguriert benutzt wird.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einern der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hinzufügung des AMRT-Modus modular ist, so dass wenig Änderungen in der Ausrüstung der Sendestationen am Boden gegenüber dem kontinuierlichen Transmissions-Modus erforderlich sind.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man mit der Hinzufügung des AMRT-Modus eine Verträglichkeit des multiplexten Signals auf der absteigenden Verbindung mit den Empfängern am Boden erhält, die bestimmt sind, Signale gemäss der Norm DVB-S zu empfangen.
  13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verwaltung des AMRT-Modus durch ein PID-Identifikationsfeld sichergestellt wird.
  14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das PID-Feld innerhalb des Telemetrie-Protokolls verwendet wird.
  15. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das PID-Feld in der Verwaltung der Synchronisation verwendet wird
EP97402170A 1996-09-20 1997-09-18 Vorrichtung zum Übertragen digitaler Informationen über Satellit von mehreren Bodenstationen Expired - Lifetime EP0831601B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9611484A FR2753863B1 (fr) 1996-09-20 1996-09-20 Dispositif d'emission d'informations numeriques par satellite a partir de plusieurs stations au sol
FR9611484 1996-09-20

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EP0831601A1 EP0831601A1 (de) 1998-03-25
EP0831601B1 true EP0831601B1 (de) 2001-08-22

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US (1) US6473900B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0831601B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4056113B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE204686T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2215786C (de)
DE (2) DE69706258T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0831601T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2117616T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2753863B1 (de)
PT (1) PT831601E (de)

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FR2778805B1 (fr) * 1998-05-14 2000-06-16 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Systeme de communication par satellite pour la diffusion de programmes audiovisuels et de donnees multimedia
US6634027B1 (en) * 1999-04-15 2003-10-14 Sprint Communications Company L.P. Communications circuitry for combining terrestrial and satellite signals
US6618367B1 (en) * 1999-12-16 2003-09-09 Agere Systems Inc. Transmission frame structure for a satellite digital audio radio system
JP3546797B2 (ja) * 2000-03-06 2004-07-28 日本電気株式会社 普遍的データリンクプロトコールを用いた通信装置
WO2003039054A2 (en) * 2001-11-02 2003-05-08 At & T Corp. Wireless lans and neighborhood capture
US20040111746A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-10 Khoi Hoang IP to DVB subchannel mapping
WO2006115024A1 (ja) * 2005-04-22 2006-11-02 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Ｔｖ付移動体端末機
JP4990187B2 (ja) * 2008-02-28 2012-08-01 三菱電機株式会社 データ転送装置
US8612552B2 (en) * 2008-10-28 2013-12-17 Nxp B.V. Method for buffering streaming data and a terminal device
US9026168B2 (en) * 2013-09-26 2015-05-05 L-3 Communications Corp. Transmitting portions of a data block in transmission bursts from a plurality of transmitters

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US4425639A (en) * 1981-01-12 1984-01-10 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Satellite communications system with frequency channelized beams
US4574379A (en) * 1983-06-16 1986-03-04 At&T Bell Laboratories Synchronization technique for non-colocated TV signals in a TDMA satellite communication system
US5481542A (en) * 1993-11-10 1996-01-02 Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. Interactive information services control system
FR2723279B1 (fr) * 1994-07-29 1996-09-06 Europ Agence Spatiale Systeme d'emission numerique par satellite
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JPH08340351A (ja) * 1995-06-13 1996-12-24 Fujitsu Ltd 衛星同報通信装置
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ES2117616T1 (es) 1998-08-16
ATE204686T1 (de) 2001-09-15
JP4056113B2 (ja) 2008-03-05
DE69706258D1 (de) 2001-09-27
DK0831601T3 (da) 2001-12-17
US6473900B1 (en) 2002-10-29
CA2215786A1 (en) 1998-03-20
CA2215786C (en) 2005-05-24
DE831601T1 (de) 1998-09-24
JPH10271075A (ja) 1998-10-09
PT831601E (pt) 2002-02-28
DE69706258T2 (de) 2002-06-13
ES2117616T3 (es) 2002-01-16
FR2753863B1 (fr) 1999-04-02
FR2753863A1 (fr) 1998-03-27
EP0831601A1 (de) 1998-03-25

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