EP0829309A2 - Procédé de génération d'ultrason pour contrÔle non-destructif et dispositif de contrÔle - Google Patents

Procédé de génération d'ultrason pour contrÔle non-destructif et dispositif de contrÔle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0829309A2
EP0829309A2 EP97115124A EP97115124A EP0829309A2 EP 0829309 A2 EP0829309 A2 EP 0829309A2 EP 97115124 A EP97115124 A EP 97115124A EP 97115124 A EP97115124 A EP 97115124A EP 0829309 A2 EP0829309 A2 EP 0829309A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
frequency
magnets
test device
magnetic field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97115124A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0829309A3 (fr
Inventor
Dieter Lingenberg
Rainer Dipl.-Ing. Meier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0829309A2 publication Critical patent/EP0829309A2/fr
Publication of EP0829309A3 publication Critical patent/EP0829309A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/04—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for generating ultrasonic waves for non-destructive material testing and to a test device.
  • Ultrasonic testing is a method of non-destructive material testing to find cracks, inclusions, inhomogeneities and other defects.
  • the ultrasound is generated, for example, piezoelectrically or electrodynamically.
  • the ultrasound is generated directly in the test object, so that a coupling medium is not required.
  • the generation of ultrasonic vibrations is due to the interaction of high-frequency eddy currents with a magnetic field.
  • the eddy currents are generated, for example, by a high-frequency coil, which is brought close to the surface of the workpiece.
  • a magnetic field that acts at the same time creates Lorentz forces that generate the sound waves in the workpiece.
  • longitudinal waves and any polarized transverse waves can be excited.
  • the direction of propagation and oscillation are identical in the longitudinal wave, whereas the direction of oscillation in the transverse wave is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
  • the transverse wave is also known as the shear or shear wave and only spreads in solid media.
  • the direction of polarization lies in the direction normal and propagation direction of the ultrasound through the workpiece surface spanned plane, one speaks of vertically polarized transverse waves. However, if the direction of polarization is perpendicular to this plane, one speaks of horizontally polarized transverse waves. Horizontal polarized transverse waves can only be generated for use in test practice by electrodynamic excitation.
  • test device with vertically oriented permanent magnets is known, the orientation of which changes like a chessboard.
  • the direction between the north and south poles of the permanent magnet is defined as an orientation.
  • the conductor tracks of the high-frequency coil are arranged in a meandering manner between a surface of the workpiece and the permanent magnets.
  • This test device is very complex to manufacture, since the transmitting or receiving coil must be wound very thinly in a flat form. With the usual test frequencies of approx. 0.7 MHz, this can only be done with great effort. Frequencies between 1 and 2 MHz are common for testing thin-walled components and pipes. In order to achieve this, permanent magnet and high-frequency coil arrangements must be reduced in accordance with the frequency. The reproducible production of such test devices is very expensive.
  • test device is known from patent specification EP 0 579 255, in which the eddy currents required for sound excitation are induced via a magnetic yoke enclosing the permanent magnets.
  • the distance between the two pole pieces of the magnetic yoke is therefore undesirably large.
  • This test device is therefore suitable for sound excitation and sound reception their efficiency is strongly dependent on the material to be tested, for example, no satisfactory results have been achieved with non-magnetic components. But especially in the case of non-magnetic weld seams and mixed seams, the use of horizontally polarized waves, which can practically only be generated electrodynamically, is particularly suitable due to the stem crystals to be passed through.
  • test devices known from the prior art using horizontally polarized transverse ultrasonic waves have in common that one or more high-frequency coils for exciting the ultrasonic waves are arranged in magnetic fields which are arranged with alternating polarity and are generated by a multiplicity of permanent magnets.
  • a problem turns out to be that in order to change the insonification angle ⁇ , the excitation frequency of the ultrasonic waves must also be changed in addition to a time control of the individual high-frequency coils. Different excitation frequencies must be used to generate different insonification angles ⁇ .
  • An incidence angle of 0 ° cannot be achieved.
  • the angle of incidence ⁇ is the angle between the direction of propagation of the ultrasonic waves in the workpiece and the surface normal of the workpiece.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for generating horizontally polarized transverse ultrasonic waves for non-destructive material testing, which ensures easy generation of the ultrasonic waves.
  • a test device for carrying out the method is to be specified, which ensures efficient generation and reception of ultrasonic waves and is inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the angle of incidence of the ultrasonic waves should be easily predefined in a non-destructive material test without having to change the frequency.
  • the first-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention by a method for generating ultrasonic waves for the non-destructive material testing of a workpiece with at least one high-frequency coil arranged in an essentially homogeneous magnetic field, the longitudinal axis of which is arranged approximately parallel to the surface of the workpiece, due to the interaction of the Magnetic field with the eddy currents generated by the high-frequency coil in the workpiece horizontally polarized transverse ultrasonic waves are generated in this.
  • a corresponding test device for non-destructive material testing of a workpiece with horizontally polarized transverse ultrasonic waves comprises according to the invention at least one high-frequency coil and at least three magnets, the high-frequency coil between the magnets is arranged and its longitudinal axis is aligned parallel to the surface of the workpiece.
  • the invention provides for a practically homogeneous magnetic field to be generated and for several high-frequency coils to be fed with a high-frequency alternating current, the frequency of which is the same in all coils.
  • the high-frequency coils are arranged next to one another in a homogeneous magnetic field in such a way that their longitudinal axes are aligned approximately parallel to one another and to the surface of the workpiece.
  • a corresponding test device contains a magnet arrangement for generating a practically homogeneous magnetic field and a plurality of high-frequency coils which are arranged next to one another in the homogeneous magnetic field and have longitudinal axes which are oriented practically parallel to one another and to the workpiece surface.
  • Each high-frequency coil is preferably assigned its own power supply, the power supplies of adjacent coils generating alternating currents with a predefinable time delay.
  • the high-frequency coils are arranged in one and the same magnetic field. By superimposing several sound waves from several neighboring high-frequency coils, a sufficiently strong signal is obtained for the material test under the angle of incidence ⁇ .
  • the magnet arrangement preferably comprises three magnets.
  • the magnetic field is preferably oriented perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece, ie also perpendicular to the high-frequency coils.
  • an oblique alignment is also possible, e.g. if the spatial conditions so require.
  • the first two magnets are arranged in the plane of the high-frequency coil and their orientations are aligned parallel to the surface of the workpiece.
  • the third magnet is arranged above the high-frequency coil, with its orientation is perpendicular to the surface. With this arrangement of the magnets, an essentially homogeneous magnetic field is generated in which the high-frequency coil is arranged.
  • the longitudinal axis of the high-frequency coil is preferably arranged parallel to the surface of the workpiece.
  • the distance between the high-frequency coils is as small as possible.
  • the diameter of the high-frequency coils is preferably approximately half the wavelength ⁇ of the ultrasound waves to be generated. With this measure, a sound wave bundle that is wide with respect to the insonation angle ⁇ is generated with each high-frequency coil, which in turn enables a large swiveling angle range of the test device.
  • a testing device 2 for material testing a workpiece 24 with horizontally polarized transverse ultrasonic waves 4 comprises three magnets 6, 8, 10 and the high-frequency coils 12 to 18, these being arranged between the magnets 6, 8, 10.
  • the high-frequency coils 12 to 18 each have their own power supply (only the power supplies are shown 13, 15 for the coils 12, 14) lying next to one another.
  • pulse inverters are used as power supplies, which apply a pulse-width-modulated, high-frequency AC voltage to the coils.
  • a pulse-controlled inverter By specifying a (for example sinusoidal) nominal curve, such a pulse-controlled inverter not only allows the frequency, but also the time of the zero crossings of current or voltage to be specified.
  • the symbols of the power supply can be seen that the current in the coil 14 has a phase shift with respect to the current in the coil 12, which is predetermined by a time delay ⁇ t for the power supply.
  • the longitudinal axes 20 of the high-frequency coils 12 to 18 are arranged parallel to a surface 22 of the workpiece 24 to be tested and parallel to one another.
  • the distance between the high-frequency coils 12 to 18 is as small as possible.
  • the high-frequency coils 12 to 18 are coupled to the surface 22 of the workpiece 24 via a protective layer (not shown further).
  • the first and second magnets 6 and 8 are arranged in the plane of the high-frequency coils 12 to 18, their orientations being parallel to the surface 22.
  • the third magnet 10 is arranged above the high-frequency coils 12 to 18, its orientation being perpendicular to the surface 22.
  • This arrangement of the magnets 6, 8, 10 generates an essentially homogeneous magnetic field 26 which is oriented perpendicular to the surface 22 of the workpiece 24 and is located between the magnets 6, 8, 10.
  • the coils 12 to 18 are thus arranged in this magnetic field 26. Alternating magnetic fields, as are known from the prior art, are no longer used.
  • the time-varying magnetic field of the high-frequency coils 12 to 18 is parallel to the outside of the workpiece 24 runs to the workpiece surface 22, the eddy currents in the workpiece generate transverse waves.
  • the angle of incidence ⁇ is only dependent on the delay time ⁇ t.
  • the frequency ⁇ of the ultrasonic waves 4 to be generated no longer has to be changed. It is only necessary to change the delay time ⁇ t of the control between two adjacent high-frequency coils 12, 14 or 14, 16 or 16, 18.
  • the diameter of the high-frequency coils 12 to 18 is approximately half the wavelength ⁇ of the ultrasonic waves 4 to be generated.
  • the magnets 6, 8, 10 are permanent magnets made of a soft magnetic material. In an embodiment not shown, however, they can also be designed as electromagnets.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
EP97115124A 1996-09-13 1997-09-01 Procédé de génération d'ultrason pour contrôle non-destructif et dispositif de contrôle Withdrawn EP0829309A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19637424 1996-09-13
DE19637424A DE19637424A1 (de) 1996-09-13 1996-09-13 Verfahren zum Erzeugen horizontal polarisierter transversaler Ultraschallwellen zur zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung und Prüfvorrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0829309A2 true EP0829309A2 (fr) 1998-03-18
EP0829309A3 EP0829309A3 (fr) 2000-11-22

Family

ID=7805596

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97115124A Withdrawn EP0829309A3 (fr) 1996-09-13 1997-09-01 Procédé de génération d'ultrason pour contrôle non-destructif et dispositif de contrôle

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5936162A (fr)
EP (1) EP0829309A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE19637424A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6789427B2 (en) 2002-09-16 2004-09-14 General Electric Company Phased array ultrasonic inspection method for industrial applications
US7305884B1 (en) 2004-04-29 2007-12-11 Henkel Corporation In situ monitoring of reactive material using ultrasound
US7614303B2 (en) * 2007-03-27 2009-11-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Device for measuring bulk stress via insonification and method of use therefor
US8806950B2 (en) * 2011-11-09 2014-08-19 The Boeing Company Electromagnetic acoustic transducer system
MX2020007613A (es) * 2018-01-19 2020-11-09 Itrobotics Inc Sistemas y metodos para generar ondas ultrasonicas, clases especiales excitantes de transductores ultrasonicos y dispositivos ultrasonicos para mediciones de ingenieria.
US20220111417A1 (en) * 2020-10-14 2022-04-14 Borja Lopez Jauregui Phased array emat transducer for generation of shear horizontal waves

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4127035A (en) * 1977-09-02 1978-11-28 Rockwell International Corporation Electromagnetic transducer
US4380931A (en) * 1981-04-23 1983-04-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Apparatus and method for quantitative nondestructive wire testing
US4471658A (en) * 1981-09-22 1984-09-18 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electromagnetic acoustic transducer
US5148414A (en) * 1990-11-06 1992-09-15 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Electrodynamic ultrasonic transducer
DE4301622C1 (de) * 1993-01-22 1994-02-24 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung des Gefügezustandes
EP0451375B1 (fr) * 1990-04-06 1995-08-02 MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft Transduceur électrodynamique pour ultrasons
EP0579255B1 (fr) * 1992-07-16 1996-01-31 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Tête de mesure ultrasonore

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2621684C3 (de) * 1976-05-15 1979-07-12 Hoesch Werke Ag, 4600 Dortmund Elektrodynamischer Schallwandler
GB1565063A (en) * 1976-06-17 1980-04-16 Ti Ultrasound
SE438738B (sv) * 1980-04-18 1985-04-29 Studsvik Energiteknik Ab Forfarande och anordning vid sendning och mottagning av elektromagnetiskt ultraljud
US4395913A (en) * 1981-07-31 1983-08-02 Rockwell International Corporation Broadband electromagnetic acoustic transducers
DE3834248A1 (de) * 1988-10-05 1990-04-12 Mannesmann Ag Elektrodynamischer wandlerkopf
US5154081A (en) * 1989-07-21 1992-10-13 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Means and method for ultrasonic measurement of material properties
DE4016740C1 (fr) * 1990-05-21 1991-07-04 Mannesmann Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De
DE4124103C1 (fr) * 1991-07-18 1992-07-02 Mannesmann Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De
DE4204643C1 (fr) * 1992-02-15 1993-05-19 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung Ev, 8000 Muenchen, De
US5503020A (en) * 1994-07-01 1996-04-02 Sonic Force Corporation Electromagnetic acoustic transducer

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4127035A (en) * 1977-09-02 1978-11-28 Rockwell International Corporation Electromagnetic transducer
US4380931A (en) * 1981-04-23 1983-04-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Apparatus and method for quantitative nondestructive wire testing
US4471658A (en) * 1981-09-22 1984-09-18 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electromagnetic acoustic transducer
EP0451375B1 (fr) * 1990-04-06 1995-08-02 MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft Transduceur électrodynamique pour ultrasons
US5148414A (en) * 1990-11-06 1992-09-15 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Electrodynamic ultrasonic transducer
EP0579255B1 (fr) * 1992-07-16 1996-01-31 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Tête de mesure ultrasonore
DE4301622C1 (de) * 1993-01-22 1994-02-24 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung des Gefügezustandes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19637424A1 (de) 1998-03-26
EP0829309A3 (fr) 2000-11-22
US5936162A (en) 1999-08-10

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