EP0826830B1 - Process for making floorcoverings and floorcovering consisting of a support layer and a top layer - Google Patents
Process for making floorcoverings and floorcovering consisting of a support layer and a top layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0826830B1 EP0826830B1 EP97114712A EP97114712A EP0826830B1 EP 0826830 B1 EP0826830 B1 EP 0826830B1 EP 97114712 A EP97114712 A EP 97114712A EP 97114712 A EP97114712 A EP 97114712A EP 0826830 B1 EP0826830 B1 EP 0826830B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insert
- carrier layer
- layer
- floor covering
- dimensionally stable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/06—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003
- E01C13/065—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003 at least one in situ layer consisting of or including bitumen, rubber or plastics
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a resilient carrier layer, a topping and an inlay between these two layers existing floor coverings used as outdoor coverings in sports and play areas are, as well as a floor covering that can be produced by the method.
- the lower layer consists of a mixture of synthetic resin connected old rubber chips and the top layer or the topping off a split mixture, wherein the material components of these two layers with Resin soaked and connected.
- One between these two layers inserted fiberglass mesh is intended to level the lower layer and make it stronger Bond the topcoat.
- a multilayer flooring has become known, between two layers or layers for receiving vertical forces, caused by sliding and rotating movements of the feet of a sportsman Person, provided with a pressure-distributing tissue. On the top is also applied a wear and cover layer.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for manufacturing or Laying a floor covering and a floor covering without the aforementioned Disadvantages to create, in particular, easy to install and easy to replace is.
- This object is achieved by a method according to the invention in that the elastic carrier layer is laid without adhesive on the substrate, then on a temperature-induced elongations or shrinkage receiving dimensionally stable, permeable insert is spread on the formation of the Oberbelags a doughy plastic mass applied in the initial state and is distributed, which penetrates the insert, the doughy plastic mass after the curing forms an intimate bond with the insert and the carrier layer.
- the invention is surprisingly confirmed by numerous experiments Recognition that an inventively produced flooring due to the dimensionally stable intermediate layer can be laid without him with the To bond the substrate. There will be no bound, bondable surface needed. The flooring can be easily rolled up, removed and at others Place to be relocated. The fact that no parts of the substrate can adhere to the flooring produced according to the invention, designed the disposal much easier than before, and in particular, the Recycling much easier.
- the laying of the invention Floor covering costs are more than half less than in known bonded floor coverings.
- a flooring produced by the process are carrier layer and Top covering over a temperature-induced elongation or shrinkage receiving dimensionally stable, permeable insert intimately connected.
- the dimensionally stable insert arranged between the two layers ensures that there is an intimate connection between the upper surface, which Advantageously made of polyurethane (PUR), the dimensionally stable insert and the Carrier layer comes, causing large horizontal forces as caused due thermally induced strains and shrinkages.
- PUR polyurethane
- a firm bond of the aforementioned layers can be achieved even then when dimensionally stable inserts are used, the larger one Passage of the polyurethane material allow, as an alternative and advantageous to be used Textile sheets or surfaces (preferably glass or Polyester fabric), which nevertheless sufficient Possess permeability.
- Textile sheets or surfaces preferably glass or Polyester fabric
- Fiber reinforcements e.g. Fiberglass netting.
- top surface In addition to PUR other plastics can be used; they only have to with the carrier layer including the dimensionally stable Deposit be connectable. The thickness of the individual layers or the deposit is largely variable.
- the coating can be used for the coverage of flat roofs.
- the single figure shows a section through a floor covering 1.
- the floor covering 1 consists of an elastic carrier layer 2, an insert 3 and the topping 4.
- the elastic carrier layer 2 is on the to be coated substrate 5 designed.
- the insert 3 is spread, which consists of a dimensionally stable material, preferably textile webs or areas. But it can also be other dimensionally stable Use inserts 3, e.g. Wire mesh, grid off Expanded metal, fiber reinforcements.
- the topping 4 is called doughy Plastic compound applied to the dimensionally stable insert 3 and distributed on this. The plastic mass penetrates the insert 3 so that after curing of the plastic mass an intimate connection between the top layer 4, the insert 3 and the carrier layer 2 gives what - only for Intuition and greatly overemphasized - by the wave-shaped Lines 6 is clarified.
- the dimensionally stable insert 3 decreases e.g. due to temperature-induced elongations or shrinkage resulting forces, so that the entire floor covering. 1 remains dimensionally stable and therefore not glued to the bottom 5 got to.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von aus einer elastischen Trägerschicht, einem Oberbelag und einer Einlage zwischen diesen beiden Schichten bestehenden Bodenbelägen, die im Sport- und Spielbereich als Außenbeläge eingesetzt sind, sowie einen Bodenbelag, der nach dem Verfahren herstellbar ist.The invention relates to a method for producing a resilient carrier layer, a topping and an inlay between these two layers existing floor coverings used as outdoor coverings in sports and play areas are, as well as a floor covering that can be produced by the method.
Es ist bekannt, z.B. Laufbahnen, Spielfelder, Spielflächen, Kinderspielplätze und dergleichen mit Bodenbelägen zu versehen. Diese Bodenbeläge werden wie nachfolgend beschrieben hergestellt respektive verlegt. Auf einem durch Säubern, Entfetten usw. vorbereiteten verklebefähigen Untergrund wird eine elastische Trägerschicht aus gebundenen Gummifasern oder Granulaten (z.B. Regupol) flüssig oder mittels Kleben aufgebracht. Auf diese Elastikschicht wird eine den eigentlichen Lauf/Spielbelag darstellende Deckschicht aufgetragen. Dies erfolgt durch Aufbringen einer teigigen Masse, die auf der elastischen Trägerschicht gleichmäßig verteilt wird und aushärtet. Das Verkleben der Trägerschicht mit dem Untergrund ist hierbei zwingend notwendig, um insbesondere temperaturbedingte Verwerfungen der Deckschicht, z.B. durch intensive Sonneneinstrahlung, zu verhindern.It is known, e.g. Runways, playing fields, playing surfaces, children's playgrounds and To provide the same with floor coverings. These floor coverings will be like described below respectively laid. On one by cleaning, Degreasing, etc. Prepared verkbefähigen substrate is an elastic carrier layer made of bonded rubber fibers or granules (e.g., regupol) or applied by gluing. On this elastic layer is the actual Applied run / play covering cover layer. This is done by Applying a doughy mass, evenly on the elastic carrier layer is distributed and hardens. The bonding of the carrier layer to the substrate This is absolutely necessary, in particular temperature-induced distortions the cover layer, e.g. through intense sunlight, to prevent.
Diese bekannte Art der Verlegung bzw. Herstellung eines Bodenbelages ist relativ teuer, denn es muß in vielen Fällen erst ein entsprechender Untergrund geschaffen bzw. der vorhandene Untergrund erneuert werden, um das Verlegen zu möglichen. Weiterhin verursacht das arbeits- und zeitintensive Beseitigen des alten Bodenbelages hohe Kosten. Der alte Bodenbelag und eventuell auch der Untergrund müssen entsorgt werden, was wiederum zu Kosten führt. Ein Recyclen des Bodenbelages ist aufgrund der schlechten Trennung der verschiedenen Materialien nur schwer oder überhaupt nicht möglich.This known type of installation or production of a floor covering is relative expensive, because in many cases it must first create a suitable base or the existing subsurface be renewed to relocate possible. Furthermore, this causes laborious and time consuming elimination of the old one Flooring high costs. The old flooring and possibly the Underground must be disposed of, which in turn leads to costs. A recycling The floor covering is due to the poor separation of the different materials difficult or impossible at all.
Bei einem aus der DE 295 13 835 U bekannten Bodenbelag der eingangs genannten Art besteht die untere Schicht aus einem Gemisch aus mit Kunstharz verbundenen Altgummischnitzeln und die Deckschicht bzw. der Oberbelag aus einem Splittgemisch, wobei die Material-Bestandteile dieser beiden Schichten mit Kunstharz getränkt und verbunden sind. Ein zwischen diesen beiden Schichten eingelegtes Glasfasemetz soll die Unterschicht nivellieren und zu einer stärkeren Bindung der Deckschicht führen.In one known from DE 295 13 835 U flooring of the aforementioned Type, the lower layer consists of a mixture of synthetic resin connected old rubber chips and the top layer or the topping off a split mixture, wherein the material components of these two layers with Resin soaked and connected. One between these two layers inserted fiberglass mesh is intended to level the lower layer and make it stronger Bond the topcoat.
Durch die DE 26 58 730 A ist ein mehrschichtiger Bodenbelag bekanntgeworden, der zwischen zwei Lagen bzw. Schichten zur Aufnahme von vertikalen Kräften, hervorgerufen von Gleit- und Drehbewegungen der Füße einer Sport treibenden Person, mit einem druckverteilenden Gewebe versehen ist. Auf die Oberseite wird außerdem noch eine Verschleiß- und Deckschicht aufgetragen.From DE 26 58 730 A a multilayer flooring has become known, between two layers or layers for receiving vertical forces, caused by sliding and rotating movements of the feet of a sportsman Person, provided with a pressure-distributing tissue. On the top is also applied a wear and cover layer.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen bzw. Verlegen eines Bodenbelages und einen Bodenbelag ohne die eingangs erwähnten Nachteile zu schaffen, der insbesondere einfach zu verlegen und leicht austauschbar ist.The invention has for its object to provide a method for manufacturing or Laying a floor covering and a floor covering without the aforementioned Disadvantages to create, in particular, easy to install and easy to replace is.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die elastische Trägerschicht kleberlos auf dem Untergrund ausgelegt wird, dann darauf eine temperaturbedingte Längungen oder Schrumpfungen aufnehmende dimensionsstabile, durchlässige Einlage ausgebreitet wird, auf die zur Bildung des Oberbelags eine im Ausgangszustand teigige Kunststoffmasse aufgetragen und verteilt wird, die die Einlage durchdringt, wobei die teigige Kunststoffmasse nach dem Aushärten einen innigen Verbund mit der Einlage und der Trägerschicht bildet. Der Erfindung liegt die durch zahlreiche Versuche überraschend bestätigte Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß sich ein erfindungsgemäß hergestellter Bodenbelag aufgrund der dimensionsstabilen Zwischenlage verlegen läßt, ohne ihn mit dem Untergrund verkleben zu müssen. Es wird kein gebundener, verklebefähiger Untergrund benötigt. Der Bodenbelag kann einfach aufgerollt, entfernt und an anderer Stelle wieder verlegt werden. Dadurch, daß keine Teile des Untergrundes an dem erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Bodenbelag anhaften können, gestaltet sich die Entsorgung erheblich einfacher als bisher, und insbesondere wird auch das Recycling wesentlich vereinfacht. Die für die Verlegung des erfindungsgemäßen Bodenbelages aufzuwendenden Kosten sind um mehr als die Hälfte geringer als bei bekannten verklebten Bodenbelägen.This object is achieved by a method according to the invention in that the elastic carrier layer is laid without adhesive on the substrate, then on a temperature-induced elongations or shrinkage receiving dimensionally stable, permeable insert is spread on the formation of the Oberbelags a doughy plastic mass applied in the initial state and is distributed, which penetrates the insert, the doughy plastic mass after the curing forms an intimate bond with the insert and the carrier layer. The invention is surprisingly confirmed by numerous experiments Recognition that an inventively produced flooring due to the dimensionally stable intermediate layer can be laid without him with the To bond the substrate. There will be no bound, bondable surface needed. The flooring can be easily rolled up, removed and at others Place to be relocated. The fact that no parts of the substrate can adhere to the flooring produced according to the invention, designed the disposal much easier than before, and in particular, the Recycling much easier. The laying of the invention Floor covering costs are more than half less than in known bonded floor coverings.
Bei einem nach dem Verfahren hergestellten Bodenbelag sind Trägerschicht und Oberbelag über eine temperaturbedingte Längungen oder Schrumpfungen aufnehmende dimensionsstabile, durchlässige Einlage innig miteinander verbunden. Die zwischen den beiden Schichten angeodnete dimensionsstabile Einlage sorgt dafür, daß es zu einer innigen Verbindung zwischen dem Oberbelag, welcher vorteilhaft aus Polyurethan (PUR) besteht, der dimensionsstabilen Einlage und der Trägerschicht kommt, wobei große horizontale Kräfte, wie verursacht aufgrund von thermisch bedingten Dehnungen und Schrumpfungen, aufgenommen werden.In a flooring produced by the process are carrier layer and Top covering over a temperature-induced elongation or shrinkage receiving dimensionally stable, permeable insert intimately connected. The dimensionally stable insert arranged between the two layers ensures that there is an intimate connection between the upper surface, which Advantageously made of polyurethane (PUR), the dimensionally stable insert and the Carrier layer comes, causing large horizontal forces as caused due thermally induced strains and shrinkages.
Ein fester Verbund der vorgenannten Schichten läßt sich auch dann erreichen, wenn dimensionsstabile Einlagen zur Anwendung kommen, die einen größeren Durchlaß des Polyurethanmaterials erlauben, als alternativ und vorteilhaft einzusetzende Textilbahnen oder -flächen (vorzugsweise Glas- oder Polyestergewebe), die gleichwohl eine ausreichende Durchlässigkeit besitzen. Neben den textilen Einlagen eignen sich weiterhin Drahtgeflechte, Gitter aus Streckmetall sowie Faserarmierungen, z.B. Glasfasergeflechte. Auch für den Oberbelag sind neben PUR andere Kunststoffe verwendbar; sie müssen nur mit der Trägerschicht unter Einschluß der dimensionsstabilen Einlage verbindbar sein. Die Dicke der einzelnen Schichten bzw. der Einlage ist hierbei weitgehend variabel.A firm bond of the aforementioned layers can be achieved even then when dimensionally stable inserts are used, the larger one Passage of the polyurethane material allow, as an alternative and advantageous to be used Textile sheets or surfaces (preferably glass or Polyester fabric), which nevertheless sufficient Possess permeability. In addition to the textile inserts are suitable continue to be wire mesh, mesh of expanded metal as well Fiber reinforcements, e.g. Fiberglass netting. Also for the top surface In addition to PUR other plastics can be used; they only have to with the carrier layer including the dimensionally stable Deposit be connectable. The thickness of the individual layers or the deposit is largely variable.
In zahlreichen Versuchen hat sich bestätigt, daß durch die dimensionsstabile Einlage eine Längung oder Verwerfung des Bodenbelages unterbunden wird, und auch bei Temperaturschwankungen werden größere Längenausdehnungen verhindert, so daß keine Blasen in der Laufbahn entstehen können. Die Einlage nimmt die durch temperaturbedingte Längungen oder Schrumpfungen entstandenen Kräfte auf, so daß der Bodenbelag stets formstabil bleibt.In numerous experiments has been confirmed that by the dimensionally stable insert an elongation or warp of the Floor covering is prevented, and also at Temperature fluctuations become longer linear expansions prevented, so that no bubbles in the career can arise. The insert decreases due to temperature-induced elongations or Shrinkage caused forces, so that the flooring always remains dimensionally stable.
Für den neuartigen Bodenbelag sind noch andere Anwendungsfälle als die eingangs genannten denkbar. So kann der Belag z.B. für die Abdeckung von Flachdächern eingesetzt werden.For the novel flooring are still other applications as the aforementioned conceivable. For example, the coating can be be used for the coverage of flat roofs.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der ein in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestelltes Ausführungsbeispiel des Gegenstandes der Erfindung näher erläutert ist.Further details and advantages of the invention will become apparent From the claims and the following description in which a schematically shown in the drawing Embodiment of the subject matter of the invention in more detail is explained.
Die einzige Figur zeigt einen Schnitt durch einen Bodenbelag
1. Der Bodenbelag 1 besteht aus einer elastischen Trägerschicht
2, einer Einlage 3 und dem Oberbelag 4.The single figure shows a section through a floor covering
1. The floor covering 1 consists of an
Im folgenden wird die Herstellung und Verlegung des Bodenbelages
1 näher erläutert. Die elastische Trägerschicht 2 wird auf dem
zu beschichtenden Untergrund 5 ausgelegt. Auf der Trägerschicht
2 wird dann die Einlage 3 ausgebreitet, die aus einem
dimensionsstabilen Material besteht, vorzugsweise Textilbahnen
oder -flächen. Es lassen sich aber auch andere dimensionsstabile
Einlagen 3 verwenden, z.B. Drahtgeflechte, Gitter aus
Streckmetall, Faserarmierungen. Der Oberbelag 4 wird als teigige
Kunststoffmasse auf die dimensionsstabile Einlage 3 aufgetragen
und auf dieser verteilt. Die Kunststoffmasse durchdringt dabei
die Einlage 3 so daß sich nach der Aushärtung der Kunststoffmasse
eine innige Verbindung zwischen dem Oberbelag 4, der Einlage
3 und der Trägerschicht 2 ergibt, was - lediglich zur
Veranschauung und stark überbetont - durch die wellenförmigen
Linien 6 verdeutlicht ist. Die dimensionsstabile Einlage 3 nimmt
z.B. durch temperaturbedingte Längungen oder Schrumpfungen
entstehende Kräfte auf, so daß der gesamte Bodenbelag 1
formstabil bleibt und daher nicht mit dem Boden 5 verklebt werden
muß.The following is the production and installation of the
Claims (6)
- A method for producing floor coverings (1) made from an elastic carrier layer (2), an upper layer (4) and an insert (3) between these two layers (2, 4), which are used as outer coverings in sports and recreation,
characterised in that
the elastic carrier layer (2) is arranged without adhesive on the base (5), then a dimensionally stable, permeable insert (3) that is capable of absorbing expansion or shrinkage under the effects of temperature is spread out thereon and on which a plastic mass having a doughy consistency in its original state is applied and spread to form the upper layer (4) and penetrates the insert (3), wherein upon curing the doughy plastic mass forms a tight bond with the insert (3) and the carrier layer (2). - The floor covering (1) produced according to the method cited in claim 1, made from an elastic carrier layer (2), an upper layer (4) and an insert (3) between these two layers (2, 4),
characterised in that
carrier layer (2) and upper layer (4) are bonded tightly with one another via a dimensionally stable, permeable insert (3) that is capable of absorbing expansion or shrinkage under the effects of temperature. - The floor covering according to claim 2,
characterised in that
the insert (3) is made from lengths or pieces of textile. - The floor covering according to claim 2,
characterised in that
the insert (3) is made from a wire mesh. - The floor covering according to claim 2,
characterised in that
the insert (3) is constructed as a lattice of expanded metal. - The floor covering according to claim 2,
characterised in that
the insert (3) is manufactured from fibre reinforcement.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19634902 | 1996-08-29 | ||
| DE19634902A DE19634902A1 (en) | 1996-08-29 | 1996-08-29 | Process for the production of floor coverings and floor covering, consisting of a carrier layer and an upper covering |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0826830A1 EP0826830A1 (en) | 1998-03-04 |
| EP0826830B1 true EP0826830B1 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
Family
ID=7804001
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97114712A Expired - Lifetime EP0826830B1 (en) | 1996-08-29 | 1997-08-26 | Process for making floorcoverings and floorcovering consisting of a support layer and a top layer |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0826830B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE286558T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19634902A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19833819B4 (en) | 1998-07-28 | 2008-04-10 | Conica Technik Ag | Use of aqueous polyurethane dispersions in formulations for sports floor coverings |
| DE10023619C1 (en) * | 2000-05-16 | 2001-10-31 | Pavel Pamela | Floor element, for walkways, has reinforcement elements formed by corrugated or trapezoidal profiles embedded between upper and lower layers made of fibre-glass reinforced plastics |
| GB2392866A (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-17 | Frank Bowers | Vandal resistant polymeric recreational surfaces and tiles |
| ATE513871T1 (en) | 2008-08-19 | 2011-07-15 | Graboplast Padlogyarto Zrt | COMPOSITION FOR COVERING PURPOSES FORMING THE SURFACE LAYER OF A SHEET-LIKE PLASTIC BODY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SHEET-LIKE PLASTIC BODY THEREFROM |
| AT512605B1 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2015-05-15 | Swietelsky Baugesellschaft M B H | SPORTS FLOORING |
| DE102015217444A1 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-16 | Bsw Berleburger Schaumstoffwerk Gmbh | Outdoor sports flooring, process for its manufacture |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3360422A (en) * | 1965-10-19 | 1967-12-26 | Armstrong Cork Co | Reinforced cellular floor covering |
| DE2623534C3 (en) * | 1976-05-26 | 1983-01-27 | Fa. Josef Wilms, 8714 Wiesentheid | Elastic sports floor |
| DE2658730C3 (en) * | 1976-12-24 | 1981-02-12 | B.V. Descol Kunststof Chemie, Deventer (Niederlande) | Resilient floor coverings made of plastic for sports facilities, in particular tennis floor coverings |
| CH601567A5 (en) * | 1977-02-04 | 1978-07-14 | Pierre Zurkinden | Surfacing for sports and playing field |
| DE2906274C2 (en) * | 1979-02-19 | 1982-11-18 | Kommanditgesellschaft Herbert Dietrich Schulze Gmbh & Co, 4600 Dortmund | Flooring for sports fields |
| DE3200499A1 (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1983-07-21 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | "NEW SPORTS FLOOR CONSTRUCTION, SPECIFICALLY FOR MULTIPURPOSE USE" |
| US4392335A (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1983-07-12 | Astro-Steel Grip International, Inc. | Flexible cementitious coatings |
| CH673921B5 (en) * | 1985-01-29 | 1990-10-31 | Ebnoether Ag | |
| DE8617233U1 (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1986-10-16 | Balsam Sportstättenbau GmbH & Co KG, 4803 Steinhagen | Flooring for sports halls |
| DE3629798C2 (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1998-07-30 | Polytan Sportbelagsysteme Gmbh | Sports track |
| DE29513835U1 (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1995-11-30 | Schmidt Taube Juergen | Drainable flooring |
-
1996
- 1996-08-29 DE DE19634902A patent/DE19634902A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-08-26 EP EP97114712A patent/EP0826830B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-26 DE DE59712154T patent/DE59712154D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-08-26 AT AT97114712T patent/ATE286558T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE286558T1 (en) | 2005-01-15 |
| DE59712154D1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
| EP0826830A1 (en) | 1998-03-04 |
| DE19634902A1 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
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