Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
  • A01D43/00—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
  • A01D43/06—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with means for collecting, gathering or loading mown material
  • A01D43/063—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with means for collecting, gathering or loading mown material in or into a container carried by the mower; Containers therefor
  • A01D43/0633—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with means for collecting, gathering or loading mown material in or into a container carried by the mower; Containers therefor with compacting means
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
  • A01D43/00—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
  • A01D43/006—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with devices for pressing or compacting
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
  • A01D2101/00—Lawn-mowers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
  • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
  • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
  • A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
  • A01D34/63—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for mowing meadows and the like, a method for composting clippings, a mowing machine and a clippings processing device.
• the clippings or mowing material depending on the moisture contained therein, is often ejected in a lumpy form onto the mowed surface, so that the rotting process is very difficult to start and the clippings can rot.
• the clippings lying in clumps or layers on the mown lawn can hinder and delay further growth due to the lack of access to light.
• ATZBLAH RULE 26 a mechanical pressure is exerted to squeeze out liquid.
• the clippings are ground and compacted by a screw. In the process, its surface is opened up, ie enlarged, so that the rotting or rotting process (composting) can start faster and run faster.
• the clippings are then spread out in the vicinity of the mower by means of a spreading disc running around in a horizontal plane.
• the clippings can be separated or shredded beforehand using a chopper, for example.
• the liquid portion of the clippings is squeezed out in the dehydration device during compaction and can escape through holes near the outlet of the dehydration device down to the bottom.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a mowing method which ensures that valuable nutrients contained in the grass are not removed from the ground during mowing, that further plant or grass growth is not impeded and prevents over-fertilization can be.
• the invention is based on a third object, according to which a mowing machine is to be specified with which the mowing process and the composting process can be carried out, the clippings being intended to have a surface structure which is favorable for a rotting process. Furthermore, the mower is said to have improved environmental compatibility in terms of energy consumption and noise.
• a fourth object of the invention is to provide a clippings processing device which can process cut clippings in an improved manner.
• the first object is achieved according to claim 1 by a method for mowing meadows, lawns and the like, in which the plants to be mowed are cut, the clippings are collected during cutting and then compacted, the compacted clippings are crushed to finely digest its surface, which Cuttings are further compressed, the liquid contained therein being squeezed out and is metered to the ground, and the clippings are distributed on the ground.
• This method has the advantage that the nutrients contained in the grass or the plants are not removed from the soil (by removing the mown grass), but are fed back in via the squeezed-out liquid.
• the feed is metered so that, in the event of impending over-fertilization, liquid containing nutrients can be retained or removed and used for other purposes.
• the dehumidification is set in such a way that a residual moisture remains in the clippings, which is necessary for rapid rotting or composting of the finely divided clippings.
• the liquid for dosing is collected after pressing and stored temporarily before it is fed to the soil. This ensures that the liquid can be evenly removed from an intermediate store and applied to the floor. Uneven soil fertilization is avoided.
• This first-mentioned object of the invention is also achieved by a method having the features of claim 3.
• the clippings to which the moisture or liquid is left are returned to the ground at high speed.
• the clippings penetrate the soil and thus ensure the necessary nutrient supply.
• a flatbread with the negative consequences for the rotting process and the growth of the grass does not occur. Since no or only a few loose grass clippings remain on the mowing surface, this method can e.g. B. can be used on golf courses that are immediately playable again after mowing.
• the clippings are preferably fed to the ground in the cutting area of a cutting element of a suitable mower. leads, so as not to impair the plants to be cut. This is expediently done in the cutting process immediately after the cut.
• the cutting material can be accelerated by means of a centrifugal force generated by a rotational movement. This type of acceleration makes it easy to achieve a high speed of the clippings for penetration into the ground.
• the method is particularly advantageous when the rotational movement of a cutting element is used for acceleration. Then the clippings can be fed directly into the cutting area.
• the necessary nutrient requirements can be adjusted as required. By collecting and temporarily storing the liquid, a uniform release of liquid is achieved even if the meadow to be mowed has areas with little or no plant growth in which no nutrient liquid is obtained.
• the volume flow to be processed decreases and the clippings mass can be processed in smaller processing devices.
• the second object of the invention is achieved by a method for composting with the features of claim 10.
• the clippings are also collected, but they are immediately treated in such a way that their volume is reduced and their quality is adjusted decentrally on the mown area for optimal composting or rotting.
• the largely dehumidified clippings can rot quickly in finely divided form and the nutrient-rich liquid is metered back into the soil, so that additional fertilization is generally not necessary.
• the third object of the invention is achieved by a mower with the features of claim 13, with which the methods according to claims 1 and 11 and associated subclaims can be carried out.
• Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
• the clippings returned to the rotating cutting member can be finely distributed by the latter on the floor. This means that no additional distribution device is required, which would have to be driven if necessary would require installation space.
• Arbitrary knife arrangements and arbitrarily aligned axes of rotation can be used for the rotating cutting member.
• the mower preferably has a structurally simple design with a cutting element with a vertical axis of rotation, so that the knife or knives cut the plants in a horizontal, height-adjustable cutting plane. If the cutting member has a distribution device for the clippings, the clippings can target the soil, e.g. B. accelerated.
• Such a distribution device for the clippings the clippings can target the soil, e.g. B. accelerated.
• Distribution device can be an integral part of the cutting device.
• the clippings are expediently fed to the cutting element in a clippings receptacle in the vicinity of its axis of rotation in a region of lower circumferential speed.
• the material to be cut can be distributed at any point on the cutting element, but in the case of a distribution element which is radially distant from the axis of rotation, the material to be cut can be accelerated by centrifugal force and released in a finely divided manner. This is achieved by a conveying or hollow channel in the cutting element
• Cuttings are transported unhindered by an air flow in the cutting area from the clippings receptacle to the distribution element.
• the clippings receptacle can have at least one guide surface in order to guide the clippings directly and / or by generating an air flow into the conveying channel.
• the cutting member and / or the cavity can extend radially outward in a substantially linear manner.
• a cutting element with z. B. crescent-shaped wings can be used with attached cutting blades.
• the clippings are discharged to the distribution element on a transport-promoting, crescent-shaped movement path. Transport is supported by a friction-reducing coating on the inner surface of the conveyor channel. This prevents the clippings from sticking avoided and encouraged self-cleaning.
• the guide surface in the clippings receptacle can be a frustoconical surface which is symmetrical to the axis of rotation and which deflects the clippings fed in parallel to the rotation axis radially outward.
• the conveying channel preferably has a downward-guiding guide surface in the region of an outlet opening, so that the accelerated clippings are fed back and into the ground at high speed, approximately parallel to the axis of rotation of the cutting member.
• the distribution device can also be attached to the cutting element as a separate component or be coupled to it in a rotational manner. For example, it is designed as a hollow chamber-type distribution centrifuge with hollow-wing-like delivery channels, which coaxially to the cutting knife for rotation with this z. B. is arranged on a motor shaft of a drive motor.
• the return conveyor can be designed as a screw conveyor or as a conveyor belt arranged in a conveyor channel, which picks up the clippings behind the shredding device and returns them to the cutting member.
• the third object of the invention is further achieved by a mower with the features of claim 27, with which the method according to claims 3 and 12 and associated subclaims can be carried out.
• Advantageous configurations are given in the dependent claims.
• the liquid-collecting and dispensing device according to the invention enables the nutrient-rich liquid squeezed out of the clippings to be collected and metered to the soil.
• the nutrients are preserved as natural fertilizers at the point of origin.
• the dehydrating device is an additional compressor unit with a compressor screw, preferably with a conical shape and / or increasing gradient and coaxial to the first compressor unit, in order to achieve the compression required for pressing out. to apply the cut material in a structurally simple and space-saving manner.
• the squeezed-out liquid can escape through openings (bores, slots or the like covered with sieves) in a housing of the compressor units. It is in a collection facility below, z. B. a gutter.
• the drainage channel can have a retaining device in the form of a raised web or the like, so that a certain amount of liquid can be collected before it can reach the drainage tines via the web. This ensures that fertilization only begins when a sufficient amount of liquid is available for fertilization over the entire width of the gutter, which can correspond to the cutting width. If, at the start of mowing, the amount of liquid squeezed out is still too small, the first cut track must be run over again (in the idle cut) after collecting sufficient liquid.
• fertilizer liquid stored therein can be removed for the immediate use of fertilizer at the start of mowing.
• the retention device or the web height can be adjustable in order to set the time until the start of fertilization depending on the degree of moisture in the clippings (juicy spring grass or drier autumn grass) or the removal of liquid from the retention device into the additional liquid reservoir can.
• the discharge tines preferably have a length such that they are in contact with the ground during mowing. They penetrate or divide the vegetation and lead the nutrient liquid to the ground, so that it not only wets the vegetation on the surface and, if necessary, evaporates there.
• the comminution device can be a chopper, preferably however, used a more compact and robust cutting knife unit.
• the perforated disks can be exchangeable, so that disks with different hole diameters and number of holes can be used in order to be able to adjust the counter pressure required for compaction and the fineness of the size reduction depending on the moisture content and the strength of the material to be cut.
• the mowers according to the invention can be used as a clippings conveyor for conveying the clippings from the
• Cutting area to the compressor device have a conveying channel in which a mechanical conveying device is arranged. It requires considerably less power for the transport of clippings compared to the conventional "blower" transport due to the increased air flow of the
• the conveyor device preferably has a conveyor belt arranged on the top side and on the bottom side of the conveyor channel.
• the two moving sides result in a particularly effective conveying capacity.
• a pre-compression of the loosely fed cuttings can be achieved by arranging the conveyor belts inclined in the conveying direction.
• a particularly effective promotion is achieved if each conveyor belt has raised conveying elements, e.g. B. conveyor lips, which supported the promotion mechanically and by generating a suction effect.
• the mowers described can be used as lawn mowers with wheels and a self-supporting housing, for. B. made of cast aluminum.
• Several mowing machines can be installed in a support frame in order to achieve a larger mowing width in one operation. There may be separate drives (electric or internal combustion engine) or a support frame may be behind a tractor
• the mower preferably contains a rinsing liquid connection in order to be able to supply rinsing or cleaning liquid (for example also water).
• This cleaning fluid can be routed to all areas of the mower that are susceptible to contamination via a distribution system. When the cleaning liquid is supplied, the mower is then cleaned in idle mode without any problems.
• the housing of the compressor units is separable for cleaning and removing foreign bodies so that the compressor screws are easily accessible.
• the mower expediently contains a transmission for regulating a travel drive and / or the cutting force under changing mowing conditions.
• the gear can be infinitely adjustable for optimal adaptation.
• the fourth object of the invention is achieved by a clippings processing device with the features of claim 60.
• the subsequent dehydration device can be used without a mowing device as a clippings or grass processing device for grass mowed and collected with conventional mowers.
• a grass processing device is designed for larger throughput in comparison with the compactor unit of the lawnmower in order to handle large amounts of grass, such as z. B. when mowing golf courses can be processed in a short time.
• the grass or clippings are placed on a conveyor belt, which transports the grass through a water bath, in which foreign objects (e.g. stones) sink down and are collected there. Foreign bodies can also be removed using a vibrating surface known from agriculture.
• the grass is fed to the compressor unit via a funnel or a conveyor device, compacted therein, crushed with the knife set and then dehumidified in the dehydration device.
• the nutrient-rich liquid and the solid remaining from the clippings are collected separately.
• the liquid can be applied elsewhere as fertilizer and the solid can be distributed among bushes or hedges in a manner similar to bark.
• an undesirable over-fertilization of the playing area of golf courses can be prevented.
• the grass processing device is expediently arranged on a mobile base in order to be able to be transported to the point of use, and it can have its own drive.
• the clippings processing device can also be designed as a home device for private gardening needs. It is then mounted on a stand and has its own drive.
• the fourth object of the invention is also achieved by a clippings processing device with the features of claim 61.
• This clippings processing device is designed for mobile use. The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to drawings. It shows:
• Figure 1 is a plan view in a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a mower in the form of a lawn mower.
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an enlarged cross-sectional view of a clippings conveying device along the section line A - A in FIG. 1;
• Fig. 3 is a view corresponding to Figure 2 showing the drive of the clippings conveyor.
• FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a chain link with associated components of a conveyor chain of the clippings conveyor device
• FIG. 5 shows a perspective top view, partly in an explosion representation, of open housing parts of a compressor unit and a dehydration device
• Fig. 6 is a view corresponding to Figure 5 showing the clippings path and the solid and the squeezed liquid.
• FIG. 7 in plan view in a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the invention
• SPARE BLADE RULE 26 8 shows a plan view of a three-bladed cutting organ
• FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view along the line B - B of FIG. 8, a cutting member with cut material feed
• FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the cutting member of FIG. 10;
• FIG. 12 shows a perspective top view of a housing of a manual lawnmower according to the first exemplary embodiment
• FIG. 13 shows a top view of an exemplary embodiment of a distribution device for clippings
• FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the distribution device of FIG. 13;
• FIG. 15a is a cross-sectional view of the distribution device along the line A - A of FIG. 13;
• FIG. 15b is a cross-sectional view of the distributor along line BB of FIG. 13;
• FIG. 15c shows a cross-sectional view of the distribution device along the line C - C of FIG. 13;
• FIG. 16 shows a top view in a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a mowing device; Fig. 17 in a side view in a schematic representation
• Fig. 18 in a side view in a schematic representation
• FIG. 19 is a side view in a schematic representation of a modification of the embodiment of FIG.
• a first embodiment of a mower as a hand lawn mower is shown schematically with its essential components.
• the lawn mower 1 has a self-supporting housing 2 (see also FIG. 12) and four wheels 3.
• a cutting knife 4 is rotatably mounted on a central bearing shaft with a vertical axis of rotation 5.
• the cutting blade 4 is shown by way of example with two blades 6, 7, but can also have three or more blades (see FIG. 8: cutting blade with three blades).
• the cutting knife 4 is coupled to an electric or internal combustion engine (not shown) and can be driven by it.
• the drive motor can be arranged on the housing 2 coaxially to the axis of rotation 5 and can be connected directly to the bearing shaft of the cutting knife 4.
• the housing 2 forms a cover 9 of a cutting space 8 (see also FIGS. 2 and 12) in which the cutting knife 4 rotates.
• An ejection opening 10 is provided in the cover 9, which is followed by a conveyor channel 11 for the clippings.
• a cut material conveying device 12 is arranged in the conveying channel 11 and has an upper and a lower conveying belt 13 or 14.
• the conveyor belts 13, 14 are mounted inclined to each other in the conveying direction, so that the cross section of the conveying channel 11, which has approximately parallel side walls, decreases in the conveying direction.
• a compressor unit 15 is arranged downstream of the conveying channel 11 and further compresses the clippings to form a comminution device, e.g. B. a knife set 16, in which the clippings are crushed.
• a downstream dehydration device 17 is used for additional compression of the clippings, the liquid of which is largely squeezed out.
• the dehumidified clippings are separated from the dehydrating device 17 by a rotating knife 18 and distributed on the floor in a comminuted manner.
• the liquid pressed out is collected in a drainage channel 19 below the dehydration device 17.
• the collected liquid can be returned to the ground via discharge tines 20 of the discharge channel 19.
• the lower conveyor belt 14 of the clippings conveyor device 12 (see FIG. 2) is driven by a drive roller 25 (in the direction of arrow A) and is guided around a deflection roller 24 adjacent to the cutting knife 4 or to the cutting space 8.
• the drive roller 25 is arranged at an output 28 of the conveyor channel 11 and is offset in height with respect to the deflection roller 24, so that the lower conveyor belt 14 forms a rising underside of the conveyor channel 11 in the conveying direction (arrow A, movement of the conveyor belt counterclockwise).
• the upper conveyor belt 13 is driven by a drive roller 27 which is arranged in the region of the outlet 28 of the conveyor channel 11 (in the direction of arrow B) and is around a deflection roller 26 which is offset in height with respect to the drive roller 27 and closer with respect to the lower deflection roller 24 is arranged on the axis of rotation 5 of the cutting knife 4. Because of the decrease in cross section of the conveying channel 11 from the ejection opening 10 of the cutting space 8 to the outlet 28, clippings which come through the ejection opening 10 into the conveying channel 11 are thus delivered to the compressor unit 15 in a pre-compressed manner at the outlet 28 of the conveying channel 11 .
• the bulk volume of the loosely fed cuttings is pre-compressed by about 4: 1.
• Openings are provided in the side walls of the conveying channel 11, so that the air flow generated by the rotating cutting knife 4 in the cutting space 8 can emerge laterally from the conveying channel 11.
• the cutting blade 4 can have wind blades (not shown) which increase the air flow (the air circulation) in the cutting space 8, which transports the clippings to the clippings conveying device 12.
• chain links 30 and conveyor lips 33 can be combined with different materials and material properties (such as hardness, flexibility).
• the conveyor lips 33 can also be in one piece be formed with the chain links 30 (or with a different type of conveyor belt). They extend essentially over the entire width of the chain links 30.
• the conveyor chain is alternately made up of chain links 30 with conveyor lips 33 and chain links 30 without conveyor lips 33.
• a plurality of chain links 30 without conveyor lips 33 can be arranged between two chain links 30 which have conveyor lips 33.
• the lower conveyor belt 14 is separated and protected from the floor or underground by a cover 36.
• a chain or a V-belt 40 (FIG. 1) connects the bearing shaft of the cutting knife 4 to a worm gear 41.
• An output shaft 42 of the worm gear 41 is mounted in a side gear housing 43 and drives a sprocket 45 via a single or duplex chain 44 (FIG. 3) which is mounted on a sprocket in the gear housing 43
• Stub shaft 46 of a compressor screw 47 of the compressor unit 15 is fastened.
• Bearing shafts 49, 50 of the drive rollers 25 and 27 of the conveyor belts 14 and 13 are driven by a single chain 48 from this shaft end 46.
• the chain 48 can be tensioned via a tension roller 51.
• the bearing shaft 50 is designed as a hollow shaft which is rotatably mounted on the output shaft 42 (not shown).
• the sprocket 45 of the compressor screw 47 has a larger diameter with respect to the output shaft 42, so that its speed is reduced to adapt the rotational speed of the compressor screws 47 and 60.
• the compressor unit 15 has a housing 55 (see FIG. 5) which consists of two half-shells 56, 57.
• the lower half-shell 56 is an integral part of the self-supporting housing 2 of the lawnmower 1.
• the upper half-shell 57 is pivotally attached to the lower half-shell 56 by means of a folding hinge 58 and can be locked in the closed position.
• Compressor screw 47 is accommodated in housing 55 (see FIG. 1), which is rotatably supported and driven on the input side via its shaft end 46 (as described above) in gear housing 43. On the output side (at its front end in the conveying direction), it is rotatably mounted in the knife set 16, which is also arranged in the housing 55 and is held in annular guide grooves 59.
• the compressor screw 47 can have an increasing gradient (pitch) (not shown), so that the clippings are compacted by approximately 3: 1.
• a T « have a second perforated disc in order to further shred the clippings for opening up the surfaces.
• the dehydration device 17 contains at least one opening 65 in the area of the compressor screw 60, through which opening liquid can be squeezed out of the moist clippings.
• the opening 65 contains a sieve to prevent the discharge of shredded and compacted clippings.
• the dehydrated clippings are pressed through the openings of the perforated disk 63 and then separated from the rotating cutting knife 18 and distributed on the floor.
• the squeezed, nutrient-rich liquid flows through the opening or openings 65 into the drainage channel 19 arranged below the housing 55.
• This has a channel-shaped recess 66 with a raised edge or web 67 in front of the drainage tines 20.
• the squeezed liquid collects in the recess 66. It can only run off via the discharge tines 20 when a liquid level determined by the height of the edge or web 67 is exceeded.
• the drain tines 20 have raised side walls 68 and a tapered lower outlet 69, which at Mowing penetrates to the ground through the remaining grass plants, so that the liquid is directed to the ground and reaches the root area of the grass plants. This prevents the liquid from being spread over the surface and remaining on the blades of grass without being able to contribute to soil fertilization.
• one or more openings can be arranged in the lower half-shell 56 of the housing 55 in the region of the compressor screw 47 (not shown) in order to allow liquid (in the case of clippings with a high moisture content) to be squeezed out into the drainage channel 19 when the clippings are pre-compressed to let out.
• FIG. 7 Another embodiment of the mower according to the invention is shown in FIG. 7.
• the hand-held lawn mower 70 largely corresponds in construction to the lawn mower 1 described with reference to FIG. 1, but differs significantly from this in that, instead of the dehydration device 17, it has a return device 71 which has the clippings after exiting the knife - Set 16 transported to a cutting knife 72 designed as a distribution member.
• the return device 71 can be a driven conveyor belt, which is arranged in a pipe or channel and on which the small-sized and moisture or flow
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26 cuttings containing liquid is transported to the cutting knife 72.
• the cutting knife 72 creates (as described later) a suction effect in the channel of the conveyor belt, which supports the conveyance.
• the return device 71 is a screw conveyor 73, which extends from a collecting space 74 of the housing 55 behind the knife set 16 into the vicinity of the axis of rotation 5 of the cutting knife 72 (FIG. 9).
• the screw conveyor 73 is surrounded by a screw housing 75, which can be a tube or part of the self-supporting housing 2.
• the screw conveyor 73 can be driven by means of a deflecting gear from the compressor screw 47 or can engage the screw conveyor 73 at the outlet end.
• the conveyor outlet of the screw conveyor 73 is a downwardly directed, downwardly open pipe section 76.
• a cover disk 77 is arranged below the pipe section 76 and has an opening 79 positioned under an outlet 78 of the pipe section 76 for the passage of the cut material to be conveyed.
• the cutting knife 72 has, for example, three wings 80 (see FIG. 8).
• the cutting knife 72 contains a central and approximately horizontal bottom part 81, which extends from the axis of rotation 5 to each wing 80 and has a cranked transition region 82 which adjoins it radially outward and which is inclined downward and has an outlet opening 83 , and a horizontal outer wing part 84, which has a knife 85 in the direction of rotation on its front edge and a wind wing 86 on the rear edge.
• Each wing has a cover 87 through which a cavity or delivery channel 88 is formed.
• the clippings which are fed eccentrically to the axis of rotation 5 via the screw conveyor 73 and via the outlet 78 of the pipe section 76 into a receptacle 89 of the cutting knife 71 which is open at the top but covered by the cover disk 77, are centrifugally force in the rotating conveyor channel 88 flung radially outward and deflected by its curvature of the wing 80 (ie the downwardly curved cover 87) from its radial movement into an essentially vertical movement with which it is "shot" into the ground.
• the considerable acceleration forces that occur are sufficient to allow the clippings to penetrate the ground.
• In the Aufnähmehimhimhimhimhimhimhimhimhimhimhimhimhimr 89 can also be arranged baffles that guide the clippings either directly or by generating an air flow to the conveyor channel 88.
• An air flow is generated by a flow-shaping shape of the wing 80 and possibly by the wind wings 86 arranged on the wing 80
• Edge area of the wing 80 i. H. is directed in the cutting area, upwards and downwards in the area of the outlet openings 83. This supports the ability to cut the grass (by erecting the grass) and the vertical downward movement of the clippings.
• a drainage channel (not shown) can be provided below the housing 55, into which liquid which has been pressed out of the clippings in the compressor unit 15 can exit through openings in the lower half-shell 56
• REPLACEMENT LATT R can.
• the liquid is returned to the lower collecting space 74 and transported with the clippings to the distributing cutting knife 72 so that it can be used for fertilization.
• the return can be metered in order to set the residual moisture in the clippings necessary for an optimal rotting process.
• FIGS. 10 and 11 Another embodiment of a cutting knife for distributing clippings is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
• an outlet opening 92 is arranged at the outer end of the blade 91. Due to the greater radial distance from the axis of rotation 5, greater acceleration forces can be achieved with the same rotational speed of the cutting knife, so that the clippings can also penetrate harder soils.
• a conical guide surface can be provided symmetrically to the axis of rotation, through which the vertically added clippings are deflected radially into the guide channel.
• FIGS. 13 to 15 Another example of a distribution device or distribution centrifuge for the clippings is shown in FIGS. 13 to 15.
• the illustrated distribution device 100 is a separate component which is arranged coaxially to the axis of rotation of a cutting knife (not shown) in the form of a conventional sickle knife and is either mounted on the drive shaft of a drive motor or directly on the cutting knife and rotates with it.
• the distribution device 100 contains a central opening 101 on the top for feeding cut material into a receiving chamber 102, from which, for example, four distribution vanes 103 with a respective conveying channel 104 extend outwards from the center.
• the conveying channels 104 have downwardly curved guide wall sections 105 and open into outlet openings 105, so that this accelerates radially Cuttings are directed downwards and exits the distribution device 100 through the outlet openings 105 towards the ground.
• the cutting knife is arranged below the distributor in the circumferential direction in each case between two wings 103, that is to say offset according to FIG. 13 by 45 ° to the wings 103.
• FIGS. 15 a to c show the cross sections A-A, BB and CC according to FIG. 13 to explain the design of the distribution device 100 and in particular the wing 103.
• the distribution device 100 designed as a separate component is expediently made of plastic, of fiber composite material, of light metal or the like. Their largest diameter is equal to or smaller than the diameter of the cutting knife.
• a pulley can be attached to the output shaft 42 of the worm gear 41, via which a drive belt drives a wheel axle for driving the lawnmower 1, 70.
• the essentially mechanical conveyance of the grass by the two conveyor belts 13, 14 in the clippings conveying device 12 requires less power than would be necessary to generate a sufficiently strong air flow which "blows" or transports the grass into a grass catcher basket . With the power reduction and the redu The air flow generated is also accompanied by a significant reduction in noise.
• the moving conveyor belts 13, 14 with the conveyor lips 33 which delimit the conveyor channel 11 on both sides (top and bottom), enable optimal transport of the individual loose blades of grass of the clippings, which can only be transported incompletely by a single conveyor belt .
• the conveyor chains are self-cleaning, since cuttings are thrown off the conveyor chain at the deflection rollers. This is supported by the flexibility of the conveyor lips 33, which are partially bent by housing parts, so that stuck clippings can still come loose.
• the drive power can be set as a function of the moisture content of the grass (or generally of the strength and the cutting resistance of the material to be cut) in order to adapt to the different performance requirements of the grass mowers via a gear, preferably a continuously variable gear Compressor and the juicing unit (dehydration device) to be obtained (reduction of the drive power).
• the driving speed of the lawnmower can be regulated via the gearbox.
• the knife set 16 is particularly compact and space-saving, but a chopper can also be used to finely digest the clippings.
• a plurality of mowers without their own undercarriage can be integrated in a common support frame which has an undercarriage with its own drive or is pulled by a towing vehicle or tractor.
• FIG. 16 Another example of a lawnmower according to the invention is shown in FIG. 16.
• This mower is designed, for example, as a self-propelled ride-on lawn mower, optionally provided with a driver's seat.
• the mower 110 has two conventional sickle knives 112, which are arranged adjacent to one another under a common mowing bell III and run into one another and rotate in opposite directions synchronized and synchronized via a common drive.
• the synchronization or forced control can be achieved via a bevel gear set which couples the two drive shafts of the two knives 112 to one another.
• a conveyor device 114 which, according to the conveyor device explained with the examples described above, can be designed with an upper and a lower conveyor belt or, in a simplified version, with only one lower conveyor belt.
• the clippings are transported to a compacting and comminuting device 115, which is designed in accordance with the compacting unit also described above and is driven by a worm gear 116 driven by a drive motor and a chain gear 117 coupled to it.
• the clippings then arrive in a distribution device 118, which can be designed as a distribution centrifuge the same or similar to that shown in FIGS. 13 to 15.
• the diameter of the distribution centrifuge 118 and its rotational speed can be adapted to the cutting width of the mower 110. Due to the inclined position of the entire mower 110 on the chassis, the distribution device 118 can be arranged approximately centrally on the ride-on mower.
• Cutting organs or sickle knives can also be equipped with two or more cutting organs in the mowing machines already described.
• the mower shown in FIG. 7 can have two cutting elements, of which the clippings are transported to two compacting units and back via respective return devices to the distribution device on each cutting element.
• Cut processing device shown using the distribution device or distribution centrifuge according to the invention.
• a tractor vehicle 120 has a mowing device (not shown) in its front area.
• a tractor 120 can be attached behind the tractor 120 to immediately process the clippings lying on the ground.
• the entire device is installed in a tubular frame 121, which has standardized mounting points 122 for attachment to the three-point
• the device contains a sweeping brush 123 with which the clippings are picked up from the ground and a conveyor 124 with an upper and a lower conveyor belt 125 and 126 (for example as described in the first
• Embodiment designed is supplied, which forward it to a compressor unit 127 (also referred to as a grass grinder).
• a compressor unit 127 also referred to as a grass grinder.
• the clippings are crushed and transported to one or more distribution centrifuges 128 arranged next to one another (design according to the distribution device shown in FIGS. 13 to 15), which accelerates or feeds them to the ground in the manner already described.
• the individual components are driven by a driven PTO shaft 129 of the tractor 120 and via only symbolically represented transmission devices 130.
• FIGS. 18 and 19 show a mowing vehicle for roadside greenery (edge and median strips and the like covered with grass), which has components already described above.
• the vehicle 140 (see FIG. 18) contains a mower 141 which can be brought into the mowing position with a holding device (not shown). The cut off
• Cuttings are fed via a connecting hose 142 and a suction blower 143 to a foreign body separation device 144, in which, for. B. stones and the like can be removed from the clippings.
• a conveyor device 145 e.g. with two conveyor belts already described
• a distribution device 147 picks up the clippings (the mash) and distributes them uniformly in a loading space 148 of the vehicle 140 for optimum use of space.
• the entire device is driven by a PTO shaft from the drive of the vehicle 140 or via a separate drive motor .
• This mower has the advantage that the volume of the clippings is considerably reduced.
• the operating time of the mowing vehicle can therefore be extended many times over, which leads to a reduction in costs in the operation of the mowing vehicle due to fewer arrivals and departures.
• Another advantage is that the clippings or grass clippings by breaking up
• FIG. 19 A modified embodiment of the mower vehicle just described is shown in FIG. 19.
• This mower vehicle is constructed similarly, but has a distribution device in the form of a distribution centrifuge 150, which is comparable to the distribution centrifuge shown in FIGS. 13 to 15.
• the distribution centrifuge 150 is fastened to a holder 151 on the mower 141 and can thus be moved with it.
• the driven distribution centrifuge 150 rotates about a vertical axis and distributes the clippings fed to it from the compressor unit 146 via a blower 152 and a connecting hose 153 directly behind the mower 141. The clippings can thus be applied again to the green area as fertilizer.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Harvester Elements (AREA)
• Soil Working Implements (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

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• 1995
  • 1995-03-27 DE DE19528435A patent/DE19528435C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1996
  • 1996-03-27 AU AU52744/96A patent/AU5274496A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-03-27 EP EP96909133A patent/EP0817563A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1996-03-27 WO PCT/EP1996/001344 patent/WO1996029854A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-03-27 AT AT00106960T patent/ATE259580T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-03-27 US US08/913,777 patent/US6016644A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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