EP0805261B1 - Lining tunnels - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a tunnel lining with in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel tubbing rings arranged one behind the other each arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction of the tunnel segment-shaped segments made of reinforced concrete are, between the segments of a segment ring longitudinal joints to the longitudinal joints of the neighboring Tubbing rings are arranged offset to each other, whereby further the tubbings on one of their ring faces at least one segment-shaped recess and on it other ring face in the recesses of the tubbings of an adjacent segment ring encircling segment Surveys are provided and finally the neighboring one Ring end faces are interposed.

Such a tunnel lining is known (Phoenix: "Elastomer Profile" catalog 1980 XP002034161 page 4).

Due to the development in near-surface and machine Tunnel expansion becomes the area of application for single-skin Tunnel lining expanded in the form of segments. Shield machines are now able to drive speeds to achieve with daily outputs of more than 25 m. As a result, the assembly speed for the segment lining must be removed be adapted to this building rhythm. Of crucial Importance for usability and The construction and are the stability of the segment lining the load-bearing behavior of the segment joints. This is particularly true Dimensions for the ring joints running transverse to the tunnel axis. The choice of this joint construction is crucial for the Coupling the segment rings with each other. In the past have increasingly coupled these Segment constructions enforced. Especially near the surface Tunnel construction with little overlap of the tunnel construction and later excavations that cannot be ruled out as a result of new construction, a rigid construction is included high resistance to expansion is imperative. Furthermore must be a very soft and loosely stored building ground dimensionally stable construction.

As a rule, the individual segments in the area of Shield jacket mounted using an erector. Depending on the cross-sectional size the division and number of segments is determined. The ring closure is a keystone, which is the last segment element closes the segment ring. That keystone as well as the segments on both sides are wedge-shaped educated. The tubbing ring receives with this construction the necessary contact pressure for the ring closure. To overcome ground hazards and e.g. partially when cornering extremely high driving forces on these presses on the already installed segment rings in the finished tunnel become. The individual segments are arranged so that the tubbing rings each by half a tubbing element are staggered. Thus, problematic cross joints avoided. This staggered arrangement is also the Basic requirement to ensure adequate Rigidity in single-shell tunnel expansion. As it progresses The forward movement of the shield becomes the annulus between the newly installed segment ring and the surrounding one Mountains continuously non-positively through a ring grout crimped after by the jacking machine somewhat larger cut-out cross-section for the purpose of easier assembly was created.

For the construction of the ring joints are usually sharp-edged tongue and groove constructions selected. Through this relatively filigree sharp-edged construction occurs when Installation of the segments always flaking off if the sharp-edged contours due to dimensional deviations in the Installation unexpectedly comes into pressure contact. This condition can cause serious restrictions on usability of a tunnel structure, in particular when there are cracks and gaps due to these flaking occur on the earth side. As a rule, on this page Sealing frame in a groove construction in the tubbing inserted and glued. This sealing frame secure by one defined contact pressure the water resistance of the Tunnel structure. With the described flaking of the However, the sealing frame in question is not concrete construction more able to ensure water resistance in the long run. For this reason, smooth ring joint constructions are also used built without tongue and groove constrictions. Not this one coupled tubbing construction is only with optimal boundary conditions, such as great depth or load-bearing building ground, applicable. The associated uniform loads on the tunnel lining is a dimensionally stable tunnel construction possible.

It is also known (CH 469 146 A) between neighboring segments Recesses and elevations each with a circular sector cross section realize. However, this is the design of the between longitudinal joints located next to segments of a segment ring. The invention has for its object the tunnel lining of the type mentioned at the outset so that on the one hand it takes increased building speeds into account, on the other hand, special requirements for stability and Serviceability fulfilled.

The inventive solution to this problem is that the recesses and elevations have a rounded shape with a wavy contour in radial section and the Joint inlays at least in the turning point areas of the wave-shaped Contour are provided.

According to a preferred embodiment, it has a radial section wavy contour of the recesses and elevations each a central arc section and in the adjoining Level contact areas, the central circular arc sections of the recesses have a smaller radius of curvature than that of the elevations and the mutually assigned contact surfaces in parallel to each other. The central circular arc sections also provided with a flattening at the apex his. Otherwise, the recesses and surveys in the circumferential section a trapezoidal contour with rounded Have corners. Wise like a favorite Embodiment interposed the adjacent ring end faces Joint inserts of different thickness can resulting from assembly tolerances or deformations in the final state Ovalization effects are compensated. Further it is recommended that the joint inlays be radial and / or in Arrange circumferential direction along the contact surfaces. In all cases, as usual, should be in the ring end faces neighboring tubbing rings in the outer edge area, associated sealing frames introduced, e.g. be glued in.

The focus of the tunnel lining according to the invention is the rounded shape. As a result, the otherwise usual protruding and projecting corners switched off and the The risk of flaking is almost eliminated. This is possible because the voltage peaks at the usual Tongue-and-groove designs can be avoided, which has always been the case again damage and leaks in the segment joints have led. To transfer the coupling forces or Shear forces in the ring joint will affect the bracket load bearing capacity of the wavy contour used. Even with thin walls Tübbingen therefore have sufficient concrete dimensions Available. The reinforcement is arranged so that in Sufficient concrete cover in all areas of construction can be ensured. The power transmission zones will be ensured by parallel contact surfaces in the flanks. By selecting the appropriate joint inserts (e.g. Neoprene, Kaubit, softwoods etc.) becomes the load-deformation behavior of the joint inserts and additionally the load distribution controlled in the flanks so that a high work capacity for absorbing coupling and constraining forces is present in the segment construction. The variation of the The material of the joint inlays enables a defined Coupling stiffness. Thus, the overall system of the segment lining can to all conceivable load and deformation conditions be adjusted. By appropriate choice of Reinforcement arrangement in the cam and on the edges of the Pot and beyond by correspondingly hard joint inserts there is also the possibility of lining segments for tunnel construction processes with extreme boundary conditions. The positive guidance required for fast ring construction the tubbings with each other can thanks to the new design also be ensured. especially the The slope of the pot flanks can be the size of the shield drive acting press forces. To the Tolerance compensation, e.g. with imprecise positive locking in succession Ovalization in the direction of the ring, the smooth joints in Area of press shoes used. These joint zones work like the usual constrictions.

As an alternative to the training described, there is of course the possibility of using the selected joint training to run the entire ring joint. The flattenings in the area the press shoes can then be omitted. The necessary tolerance compensation in this case, if ovalization is possible over larger joint widths, especially on the flanks. The With this variant, the segment ring is deformable controlled and limited by the joint inlays. This is for one possible by adjusting the surface pressures and others through materials with appropriate stiffness gradations. With this alternative solution, of course the shape of the press shoe to the shape of the ring joint be adjusted. With a geometric assignment to the direction of advance the press shoe must be shaped like a recess become. If the joint construction is also possible to twist The press shoe must move 180 ° to the direction of advance Get elevation-like shape. The driving forces are at this variant via joint inlays in the center of the recess / elevation construction in the already installed Transfer segment rings. The advantage of this alternative solution lies in the equalization and adjustment of the joint inlays to the coupling power transmission. The geometric changes in the ring joint as a result of ovalization be further harmonized and improved. The Another advantage is the simplification of the segmental formwork.

The tunnel extension system can be started with this segment design adapt all possible load and deformation conditions. A Variation between the alternative or resistance principle is possible.

Fig. 1

eine Ringfugenansicht einer Tunnelauskleidung,

Fig. 2

einen Schnitt A-A durch den Gegenstand der Fig. 1 in vergrößerter Darstellung,

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt B-B durch den Gegenstand der Fig. 1 in vergrößerter Darstellung,

Fig. 4

den Gegenstand der Fig. 1 mit einer anderen Anordnung der Fugeneinlagen,

Fig. 5

einen Schnitt C-C durch den Gegenstand der Fig. 4, und

Fig. 6

einen Fig. 2 entsprechenden Schnitt durch eine andere Ausführungsform.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Show it

Fig. 1

an annular joint view of a tunnel lining,

Fig. 2

2 shows a section AA through the object of FIG. 1 in an enlarged view,

Fig. 3

2 shows a section BB through the object of FIG. 1 in an enlarged view,

Fig. 4

1 with a different arrangement of the joint inserts,

Fig. 5

a section CC through the subject of Fig. 4, and

Fig. 6

a section corresponding to FIG. 2 through another embodiment.

The parts shown in the figures belong to a tunnel lining with one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel arranged segment rings. The tubbing rings are each made segment-shaped arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction of the tunnel Tubbingen 1 built from reinforced concrete. The between the longitudinal segments running along the segments 1 of a segment ring are offset to the longitudinal joints of the neighboring segment rings arranged to each other. Furthermore, the segments 1 are on their an annular end face with at least one segment-shaped Recess 2 and on its other ring face in the Recesses 2 of the segments 1 of an adjacent segment ring enclosing segment-shaped elevations 3 provided. Finally, the neighboring ring faces are Joint inserts 4, 5 interposed. That is all only partially visible from the figures, since the structure such a tunnel lining in the prior art is known.

It can be seen in particular from FIGS. 1 to 3 that the recesses 2 and surveys 3 with a rounded shape have a wavy contour in radial section and the Joint inlays 4 at least in the turning point areas of the wavy contour are provided. It is included in detail the arrangement made so that the wavy in radial section Contour of the recesses 2 and elevations 3 each a central circular arc section 6 and in it subsequent contact point areas flat contact surfaces 7 has, the central circular arc sections 6 of the Recesses 2 a smaller radius of curvature (Ra <Ri) than which have the surveys 3 and which are assigned to one another Contact surfaces 7 run parallel to one another (cf. FIG. 2). The recesses 2 and elevations 3 have a circumferential section a trapezoidal contour with rounded corners (see Fig. 3).

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3, the joint inserts are 4 arranged radially along the contact surfaces 7. In contrast, the joint inserts 4 are in the 4 and 5 in the circumferential direction along the contact surfaces 7 arranged extending. combination these two arrangements would of course also be possible. In both cases there are at least between the Recesses 2 and surveys 3 still 5 inlays Transfer of press forces arranged.

1, 2 and 4 and 5 also show that in the Ring end faces of adjacent segment rings still in the outer edge area circumferential, mutually associated sealing frame 8 introduced, in particular glued. In Fig. 2 recognizes one also the course of the reinforcements 9 in the area of Recesses 2 and elevations 3 that the curved contour the survey 3 can be adapted particularly well and thus are particularly resilient.

Fig. 6 illustrates possible modifications. First recognizes one that the central circular arc sections 6 at the apex with a flattening 10, i.e. with intermediate, as it were, flat areas perpendicular to the longitudinal joints are provided. For the rest, it is indicated that the joint inlays 4 can have different thickness; to this In this way, a deformation game is specified, via which the Time of load transfer in the tunnel circumferential direction can be influenced is.

Claims (7)

1. A tunnel lining with tubbing rings which are disposed consecutively in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and which are each constructed from segmental reinforced concrete tubbings disposed consecutively in the peripheral direction of the tunnel, the longitudinal joints which extend between the tubbings of a tubbing ring being disposed in staggered relationship to the longitudinal joints of the neighbouring tubbing rings, while in addition the tubbings are provided with at least one segmental recess on one ring end face and with segmental projections on their other ring end face, said segmental projections engaging in the recesses of the tubbings of an adjacent tubbing ring, and wherein finally joint inserts are interposed between the neighbouring ring end faces, characterised in that the recesses (2) and projections (3) have a radiused configuration with a corrugated contour in radial section and the joint inserts (4) are provided at least at the reversal point zones of the corrugated contour.
2. A tunnel lining according to claim 1, characterised in that the corrugated contours of the recesses (2) and projections (3) in radial section each have a central arcuate portion (6) and flat contact surfaces (7) at the reversal point zones adjoining the said arcuate portion, the central arcuate portions (6) of the recesses (2) having a smaller radius of curvature than that of the projections (3) and the contact surfaces (7) associated with one another extend parallel to one another.
3. A tunnel lining according to claim 2, characterised in that the central arcuate portions (6) are provided with a flattening (10) at the apex point.
4. A tunnel lining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the recesses (2) and projections (3) have a trapezoidal contour with rounded corners in peripheral section.
5. A tunnel lining according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the joint inserts (4, 5) interposed between neighbouring ring end faces have different thicknesses.
6. A tunnel lining according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the joint inserts (4) are disposed so as to extend radially and/or peripherally along the contact surfaces.
7. A tunnel lining according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that sealing frames (8) associated with one another and continuous in the outer edge zone are introduced into the ring end faces of neighbouring tubbing rings.

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