EP0572371B1 - Tunnel lining in the form of tubbings - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a tunnel lining in segmental construction, consisting of an even number of each supplementing to each segmental ring, at least similar to one another, in the basic form trapezoidal, trapezoidal or rhomboidal segmental stones, which are restricted to the end faces determining the ring joint after installation via dowel-like, a limited Transmission of shear forces permitting plug-in connections and along the oblique longitudinal joints are held together by tongue-and-groove connections consisting of continuous longitudinal grooves of the oblique longitudinal sides and inserted springs, the stones themselves having compressible zones in the circumferential direction of the segment ring and / or compression-formed springs which are provided in unloaded Condition Keep the stones at a distance while forming longitudinal joints and are compressible under the rock pressure while reducing the width of the joints.

Such a tunnel expansion is known from AT-B-389 149. The basic advantage of this type of tunnel expansion is that prefabricated parts can be used that can be connected to the tubbing rings using a modular system, the tubbing rings being held together using a plug-in system, so that the stones are installed immediately after the excavation, if possible Protection of the shield tail of a tunneling machine can take place. Directional deviations of the tunnel expansion from the straight line can be achieved by using tubbing stones that complement each other to form tubbing rings with an acute angle including the planes determined by the end faces, whereby two oppositely assembled rings result in a tubular cylinder with parallel end faces, by rotating the rings from this position, however, deviations in the expansion to the sides and up or down are possible. In the embodiment known from AT-B-389 149, the springs essentially form sliding guides for joining the stones and the stones abut one another almost seamlessly at the inclined edges. Seals can be inserted into these joints as well as into the ring joints. In the unpublished AT application A 323/92 it is proposed to compress the springs, for example from correspondingly deformable material and / or with a tubular cross-section, so that they keep the stones at a distance while forming joints and under the rock pressure while reducing the joint width are compressible. With this measure, the same stones can be used for compliant and unrelenting expansion.

In tunnel expansions, limited radial flexibility is used for soils and mountains with poor self-bearing capacity or high deformation potential, on the one hand to enable dismantling from prefabricated parts in an economical manner and on the other hand to find the balance with components that are still inexpensive to manufacture. The radial deformability of the expansion ensures that the earth or rock pressure initially deforms the expansion against the deformation resistance defined by the compression elements to a predetermined extent. By adequately dimensioning the possible deformation path on the ground the soil or mountain properties can be achieved that the soil or mountain pressure decreases with increasing deformation or the mountains come to a standstill after covering the defined deformation path, so that the expansion is subject to a lower load than a rigid expansion. As an example of additional possible applications for tunnel or shaft expansion of the type in question, shafts and tunnels with high overlaps or large mountain pressure phenomena on Alpine transit routes are mentioned.

It is also known to provide a larger gap in the construction of tunnel fittings. According to FR-A-2 627 802, receptacle housings for compression elements are attached between tubules, which are rectangular in shape, corrugated and made of corrugated steel material, which are connected to the longitudinal edges of the tubbing butts by screwing, possibly with the interposition of seals. In other known designs, rod-shaped compression elements are accommodated in the gap, which are supported on the edges of the two expansion elements adjacent to the gap or are even partially accommodated in these edges. An embodiment is known in which the edge of the one element pointing towards the joint bears support plates on which stamps can be supported, which form deformable bodies which can be inserted into tubes which start from the edge of the other element and are inserted into the element, on Pipe end clamp body or machining body are provided for the stamp, so that the insertion of the stamp into the tubes is opposed to a precisely defined resistance. From DE-A-21 01 092 it is known to attach resilient inserts made of wood or chipboard between adjacent tubbings. The SU-A-823 500 provides for concrete segments with straight parallel longitudinal edges in these longitudinal edges To make depressions and to use these, for example, V-groove depressions for the support of metallic upsetting bodies, it also being possible to subsequently fill gaps not required as upsetting zones with concrete. With the exception of the construction according to the aforementioned FR-PS, the overall expansion of the tunnel is sometimes unstable due to the corresponding joints. A further limitation of the possible application results in these known constructions in that essentially only components with edges parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel can be used when attaching the compression elements to the edges of the components. Furthermore, in the case of compression zones which are only to be installed in certain areas, the larger joints for accommodating the compression elements result in different dimensions in the overall construction, which lead to the need to use segments with larger circumferential dimensions in areas free of compression zones.

The object of the invention is to provide a tunnel expansion of the type mentioned, in which a flexible expansion is made possible with simple means, with overloading of the plug connections being avoided with diameter reductions, a clear definition of the loading forces of the dowels is possible and precise guidance via the dowels the stones are ensured when reducing the diameter of the segment rings.

In principle, the object is achieved in that the tubbing stones are connected at the end faces to the tubbing stone or tubbing stones adjacent in the next tubbing ring via at least two dowels, only one of which forms a fixed bearing for the stone, the other but at least with one of the stones connected by them in an elongated hole in the one with one Reducing the diameter of the segment ring possible adjustment direction is or are limited.

The measure according to the invention, while maintaining the secure holding and guiding of the successive stones, achieves sufficient flexibility in the connection of the stones of successive rings in order to rule out damage to the dowels or deformation of the rings. The stones can be aligned in the same way in the case of adjacent rings, with the narrower parallel side of the subsequent stone adjoining the base of the one stone in the case of adjacent rings. The fixed bearings for a dowel can be aligned with both stones in succession in the rings. According to another variant, a fixed bearing for a dowel in one stone faces an elongated hole in the following stone. In the above-mentioned type of laying, sawtooth-shaped longitudinal joints are formed in the basic shape over the successive rings, the steep flank of the sawtooth being formed by the proportion of the annular gap. Another possibility is to let the successive rings hit the base and narrow side of the stones, so that the longitudinal joints formed continue with the same inclination over the entire tunnel tube. Here it would be conceivable to connect at least the stones hitting the base using fixed dowels (thus avoiding or switching off the mode of operation of the elongated hole guide).

According to a possible embodiment, at least the displaceably guided dowel has an elongated cross-sectional shape deviating from the circular shape with a size diameter running approximately in the longitudinal direction of the elongated hole.

This measure improves the guidance of the dowels in the elongated holes and results in between Flat sides of the dowels and the elongated hole sides of flat and non-linear contact, i.e. only a relatively low surface pressure.

It is even possible to apply part of the deformation resistance of the tubbing rings against the rock pressure via the dowel slot guide. It is provided according to a preferred embodiment that the elongated hole tapers from its end receiving the dowel in the case of an undeformed segment ring towards the other end in its diameter below the diameter of the dowel in the receiving area. According to another variant, the elongated hole can accommodate a body and / or a filling, preferably made of plastically compressible material, in addition to the dowel. Such an insert body or a corresponding filling can also be useful if you only provide elongated holes in the stones and the dowel forming the fixed bearing in the elongated hole by insert bodies e.g. made of wood. The same bricks with the same hole arrangement can be provided for all possible variants and the fixed bearings can be determined by fixing the dowels in the elongated hole.

If, in addition to the dowel forming the fixed bearing, two or more dowels engaging at least with one half in elongated holes are provided, then in order to achieve clear conditions, the dowels forming the fixed bearing for the stone should form the outermost dowel to the associated longitudinal edge of the stone.

Further details and advantages of the subject matter of the invention can be found in the following description of the drawings.

Fig. 1

einen bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelausbau verwendbaren Tübbingring mit zum Anschluß eines folgenden Ringes in die Tübbingsteine eingesetzten Dübeln im Schaubild,

Fig 2.

in gegenüber Fig. 1 stark vergrößertem Maßstab den Stoßbereich zweier zusammengebauter Tübbingsteine,

Fig. 3 - 7

in Abwicklungsdarstellung verschiedene mögliche Dübel und Langlochanordnungen und

Fig. 8

ebenfalls in Abwicklungsdarstellung eine Verlegeanordnung in drei aufeinanderfolgenden Tübbingringen.

The subject matter of the invention is illustrated in the drawing, for example. Show it

Fig. 1

a segment ring that can be used in a tunnel expansion according to the invention, with dowels inserted in the segment stones for connecting a subsequent ring,

Fig. 2.

on a greatly enlarged scale compared to FIG. 1, the joint area of two assembled segment stones,

3 - 7

in development representation different possible dowels and slot arrangements and

Fig. 8

also in a development representation, a laying arrangement in three successive tubbing rings.

According to FIG. 1, a tubbing ring 1 forming part of a tubular tunnel or gallery extension is composed of an even number, six in the exemplary embodiment, of trapezoidal tubbing stones 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 in their basic form. The tubbing stones have in their longitudinal edges 8 forming the trapezoidal sides semicircular grooves 9 in cross-section, into which tubular or rod-shaped springs 10 are inserted, which hold the joined stones 2-7 in the unloaded state with the formation of longitudinal joints 11. At a rock pressure, the longitudinal joints can shrink while deforming the springs 10 or, in extreme cases, can close.

Dowels 12, 13 which engage in holes 14, 15 in the end faces 16, 17 of the stones serve to connect the stones 2 - 7 of successive rings 1. 2, the dowels 12 and the holes 14 have a circular cross section, whereas the dowels 13 have an elongated cross section and engage in elongated holes 15. Anchors are also possible which have a circular cross-section for one stone and an elongated cross-section for the subsequent stone. However, an embodiment is preferred in which the same dowels 13 are used both for the fixed bearings and for the movable ones Bearings are used and the insert openings 14 of the stones assigned to the fixed bearing also have an adapted elongated cross-sectional shape. The elongated holes 15 can taper in the possible direction of adjustment of the dowels.

3 again shows an arrangement in which an elongated hole 15 and a hole 14 adapted to the cross section of the plug 13 are provided in the stone 2 and the elongated hole 15 receives a filling 18. Here this filling or a corresponding contact body can consist of plastically deformable material.

4, two elongated holes 14 are present and the plugs 13 having a corresponding elongated cross section can be fixed in the one elongated hole again by a plastically flexible filling 18 and in the other elongated hole by a rigid hold of the plug 13 resulting in the filling 19. It is also possible here to provide holes adapted to the cross section of the plugs 13 in the connecting blocks 6, 7 and to provide both elongated holes 14 of the block 2 with a plastically flexible filling.

The counterpart to FIG. 4 is shown in FIG. 5, where all the stones 2, 3, 6, 7 are provided with elongated holes 14, the stone 2 bridges the joint 11 between the stones 6, 7 and the dowels 13 in each of the two opposite elongated holes 14 can be attached via a plastically compliant or a fixed bracket. 6, the holes 15 for the dowels 13 within the stone 2 are holes adapted to the cross section, that is to say fixed bearings and the adjoining stones 6, 7 have elongated holes 14 for the dowels 13, which again hold fillings 18 or 19.

7, the stone 2 with the stone 7 is one Fixed bearing forming dowels 12 and connected to the stone 6 again via a dowel 13 engaging in an elongated hole.

8 shows a possible sequence of two segment rings, each formed from segment stones 2 - 7, with alternating dowels 13, which are designed as fixed and flexible bearings and engage in corresponding holes.

Claims (5)

1. A tunnel lining in the form of tubbing, comprising basically trapezium-shaped, trapezoidal or rhombic tubbing bricks (2 - 7) which are at least similar, even numbers of bricks making up each tubbing ring (1), the brick end faces (16, 17), which define the annular gap after assembly, being held together by dowel-like plug-in connections (12, 13) for limited transmission of shear forces, whereas along the sloping longitudinal gaps they are held together by tongue and groove connections comprising tongues (10) inserted into continuous longitudinal grooves (9) on the sloping longitudinal sides (8), the bricks comprising compressible regions in the peripheral direction of the tubbing ring and/or compressible springs (10) are provided and when not under load hold the bricks spaced apart, forming longitudinal gaps, whereas under the rock pressure they are compressible and reduce the gap width (11), characterised in that the end faces (16, 17) of the tubbing bricks (2 - 7) are each connected to the neighbouring tubbing brick or bricks in the nearest tubbing ring (1) by at least two dowels (12, 13), only one dowel (12) constituting a fixed bearing for the brick, whereas the other dowel or dowels (13), at least in the case of one of the bricks joined by them, are movable to a limited extent in a slot (15) in the direction of adjustment which is possible when the diameter of the tubbing ring decreases.
2. A tunnel lining according to claim 1, characterised in that at least the movably guided dowel (13) has a non-circular elongate cross-sectional shape with a maximum diameter approximately in the direction of the slot.
3. A tunnel lining according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that when the tubbing ring (1) is not deformed, the slot (15) tapers from its end receiving the dowel (13) towards the other end, where its diameter is less than that of the dowel in the receiving region.
4. A tunnel lining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the slot (15) receives the dowel (13) together with a body and/or a filling, preferably of plastically compressible material.
5. A tunnel lining according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the dowel (12) constituting the fixed bearing for the brick (2 - 7) is the outermost dowel relative to the associated longitudinal edge (8) of the brick (2).

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