EP0804694A1 - Mixture composition for friction material - Google Patents

Mixture composition for friction material

Info

Publication number
EP0804694A1
EP0804694A1 EP96900168A EP96900168A EP0804694A1 EP 0804694 A1 EP0804694 A1 EP 0804694A1 EP 96900168 A EP96900168 A EP 96900168A EP 96900168 A EP96900168 A EP 96900168A EP 0804694 A1 EP0804694 A1 EP 0804694A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixture
weight
respect
percentage
braking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96900168A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Antonio Carmine Bellicoso
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0804694A1 publication Critical patent/EP0804694A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the composition of a mixture for friction material and more specifically to a mixture for brake material suitable to be applied in the field of brake materials for light and heavy vehicles.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a mixture of this kind that contains no substances that are toxic or harmful to the health.
  • brake material more commonly known as friction material, is made up of a composition of materials comprising a base structure of brake material and also chemical additives typical for the field of use of the brake material itself.
  • the fields of use may be divided into three sectors: a.
  • Low load field of use this is the field generally comprising light vehicles such as mopeds, cars, etc. in which the characteristics required of the mixture are those of having a high friction coefficient, as short stopping distances or times are required. The heat developed over a short time dissipates in an equally short time.
  • Medium load field of use this field includes uses of medium severity such as brakes for industrial machinery, brakes for cranes, etc., in which a higher temperature resistance and a lower friction coefficient is required compared to the low load field mentioned above; in fact in this case the braking loads involved are higher and the stopping times are longer.
  • High or serious load field of use includes the use of serious loads such as trains, military armoured vehicles, speed brakes for cranes, etc. in which a high temperature resistance is required due to the large amount of heat developed, along with a low friction coefficient because short braking times and distances are not required.
  • the mixture used according to the prior art contains as basic materials, although in variable proportions, asbestos, lead and zinc, which are notorious environmental pollutants and constitute a health risk.
  • the present invention has the object of providing a mixture composition for friction material that does not have among its component materials asbestos, lead and zinc, so that it does not cause environmental pollution and above all does not damage the health.
  • Another object is to provide a mixture composition of friction material that substantially solves the problems of "FADE” , and the materials of which do not crystallise during working, even in critical conditions such as high speeds or heavy loads .
  • An object of the present invention is a mixture composition for friction material comprising, in percentage by weight with reference to said mixture : from 24% to 32% of a base alloy including (in percentage by weight with reference to said alloy) : from 25% to 35% of zirconium oxide Zr02; from 30% to 40% of titanium oxide Ti02; from 25% to 35% of a solid lubricant for friction material formed of a mixture of graphite and molybdenum disulphide/ from 21% to 24% of a mixture of phenolic resins in powder form, which polymerise at between 155° and 160°, including approximately 30% in weight, with respect to the weight of said mixture, of a friction powder; from 11% to 15% of copper sulphide; from 7.5% to 9.5% of baryta or barite; from 21% to 28% of silver or amorphous graphite; and from 3.5% to 4.5% of nitrylic type rubber in power form, heat resistant and with a granulometry of between 200 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m.
  • the mixture composition for friction material is made up of a base alloy and additive materials.
  • the base alloy comprises, with reference to the weight of the alloy itself, in percentage by weight: zirconium, present as a dioxide, between 25% and 35%.
  • zirconium present as a dioxide, between 25% and 35%.
  • This material is a temperature stabiliser and at high speed allows the friction coefficient to increase; titanium, present as a dioxide, between 30% and 40%.
  • This material greatly reduces wear on the braking surface and is an excellent temperature stabiliser at low and high speed;
  • a commercially available solid lubricant material of this type is known by the trade name of "Lubolid" .
  • the base alloy described above replaces in the present invention the braking alloys known from the state of the art, based on asbestos, lead and zinc.
  • the base alloy according to the invention is used in an amount of between 24% and 32% by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture, together with a mixture of phenolic resins and other additives.
  • the phenolic resins in this mixture are resins in powder form that polymerise at between 155°C and 160°C and serve, along with a usual friction powder, to bind the components in the base alloy together to form the braking material .
  • the amount of phenolic resins and friction powder used in the mixture according to the present invention is between 21% and 24% by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture.
  • the friction powder forms approximately 30% of the mixture of resins and powder.
  • phenolic resins a resin may be used that forms an excellent binding agent for the metallic ingredients in the powders.
  • a resin of this type is a phenolic resin J 1506 H produced by Massara, Bollate (MI) , Italy, which has a viscosity at 25°C of 200/220xl ⁇ "6 m 2 /sec, a pellet flow of 30/50 m/m at 135°C, a nitrogen content of 3.4/4.0%, a specific weight of approximately 1.26, a gelling time at 150°C of 1 minute, a moulding temperature of 150-160°C at a pressure of 120/200 kg/cm 2 . It is also possible to use a phenolic resin in powder to bind the components in fibre form.
  • a resin of this type is the resin J 1109 H produced by Massara, Bollate (MI) , Italy.
  • This resin has a viscosity at 25°C of 54/72xl0 "s m 2 /sec, a hexamin content of 7.3 - 7.9%, a pellet flow at 150°C of approximately 60 m/m, a gelling time at 150°C of approximately 2 and 3/4 minutes, a specific weight of approximately 1.42, a vulcanisation temperature of 150- 160°C at a pressure of 120-200 kg/cm 2 .
  • a preferred ratio for use of these two resins J 1506 H and J 1109 H is approximately 1:2.
  • a friction powder it is possible to use a powder manufactured by Massara, Bollate (MI) , Italy under the trade name J 4106 D, which has a suitable granulometry, a maximum solubility in acetone of 20% and a specific weight of approximately 1.12.
  • the friction powder is used as a reagent integrating the base alloy to ensure optimum distribution of the braking properties and to guarantee that the friction coefficient for braking is restored in sufficient time.
  • the mixture also contains, as stabilising additives, the following: copper, in the form of a sulphide, in a percentage by weight of between 11% and 15% and, for preference, between 12% and 13% with respect to the weight of the mixture. This is used to control the temperature, as it ensures a uniform and progressive decrease of the temperature developed during operation, and, in particular, at high speeds; baryta (or barite) , in a percentage by weight of between 7.5% and 9.5% with respect to the total weight of the mixture.
  • copper in the form of a sulphide
  • baryta or barite
  • This is used in the mixture as a "charge” to reduce wear of the friction material and noise during braking; silver (or amorphous) graphite, in a percentage by weight of between 21% and 28% and, for preference, between 24% and 25% with respect to the total weight of the mixture.
  • silver (or amorphous) graphite in a percentage by weight of between 21% and 28% and, for preference, between 24% and 25% with respect to the total weight of the mixture.
  • This is used in combination with the baryta to develop and support the characteristics of the latter; nitrylic type rubber in power form, heat resistant and preferably with a granulometry of between 200 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, in a percentage by weight of between 3.5% and 4.5% and, for preference, 4.0% with respect to the weight of the mixture.
  • This is used to give the friction material the necessary softness and elasticity, greatly reducing noise.
  • the proportions of rubber indicated above with respect to the other components is sufficient to ensure that the "FADE" effect is not produced
  • aluminium in powder form in a percentage by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture of between 4.0% and 6.0%.
  • Addition of this material has a purely electromagnetic function, breaking the magnetic waves created during braking. Furthermore, this material does not attack the braking surface; brass in flakes, in a percentage by weight of between 5% and 7% and, for preference, 6.0% with respect to the total weight of the mixture.
  • the addition of this material ensures a perfect mechanical seal between the component materials and, furthermore, distributes the working temperature in a uniform manner over the whole braking surface.
  • iron wool for preference with fibres of between 2mm and 3mm in length, in a percentage by weight of between 17.0% and 20.0% with respect to the total weight of the mixture and, for preference, in a percentage by weight of between 17.5% and 19.0%.
  • corundum or emery powder
  • the base alloy comprising zirconium, titanium and the "Lubolid" type solid lubricant is mixed together with the synthetic graphite, the special phenolic resins and the other components of the composition in the required proportions.
  • the mixture is then vulcanised in special oleodynamic hot presses ensuring continuous monitoring of correct and constant vulcanisation, polymerisation and temperature control.
  • any humidity be checked as, for example, a humidity level of over 60% might seriously alter the chemical characteristics of the working components.
  • a component with a high dehydration factor is added to the mixture, in a proportion suited to react with the other components.
  • the hydrogen molecules can cause small explosions, which are the cause of damage to the braked surface.
  • This damage is invisible to the naked eye, but causes cracks and splits in the brake surface during continued use.
  • the materials are combined in such a way as to ensure that they do not crystallise, even under heavy working conditions, thus improving efficiency and maintaining their characteristics intact over a period of time. Furthermore, given the presence of diamagnetic materials, the negative effects of magnetisation of the braking surface, which are seen in the mixture compositions of friction materials according to the prior art and which result in blockage of one surface on the other during operation, are avoided.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is the elasticity of the braking materials obtained in this way, which is such that it allows perfect the braking element to adapt perfectly to the braking surface. This makes it possible to distribute the braking action homogeneously over the whole surface area, optimising effectiveness and also obtaining a homogeneous distribution of the heat generated, thus avoiding any excessive local concentration of heat that might result in cracking and splitting of the mixture of materials.
  • Another advantage lies in the fact that, unlike the braking materials according to the prior art, which are subject to corrosion because of the high percentages of metallic materials they contain, thus resulting in serious damage to the braking surfaces, as well as high noise levels during operation and sparking, according to the present invention these problems are solved, as the materials used to form the mixture are not subject to corrosion.
  • a further advantage lies in the fact that according to the invention the mixture obtained has a specific weight reduced by 25% when compared with cast iron brakes, and by 65% when compared with synthetic ones. This gives greater manoeuvrability during installation and replacement operations.
  • a further advantage lies in the fact that the mixture according to the invention is subject to less wear during operation that the mixtures according to the prior art. Examples will now be given of tests carried out on the mixture for friction materials according to the invention.
  • Example 1 The mixtures used in the tests given below are mixtures for use in medium load applications, in the sense defined in the above description.
  • Example 1 The mixtures used in the tests given below are mixtures for use in medium load applications, in the sense defined in the above description.
  • the test was made up of three periods of operation, alternating with cooling periods. For each period the machine operates for a time enough to create a friction level of 166,000 kgm, so as to give a total operation over the three periods of 498,000 kgm. As the braking moment of the machine is known, and is 100 kgm. , it is possible to calculate the duration of each test period.
  • the average friction coefficient (av.f) refers to the duration of the test and not to an average of the values (max.f) and (min.f) , which are instantaneous values.
  • Thickness of the test element at the end of test 7.30 mm
  • test machine picks up the temperature by means of a thermo-couple inserted in the Constantest element, as well as the stopping distances.
  • the friction moment of the braking material is the following:
  • Thickness of the test element after testing 7.00 mm

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
EP96900168A 1995-01-16 1996-01-04 Mixture composition for friction material Withdrawn EP0804694A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRM950030 1995-01-16
IT95RM000030A IT1277143B1 (it) 1995-01-16 1995-01-16 Composizione di mescola per materiale d'attrito.
PCT/IT1996/000004 WO1996022477A1 (en) 1995-01-16 1996-01-04 Mixture composition for friction material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0804694A1 true EP0804694A1 (en) 1997-11-05

Family

ID=11402938

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96900168A Withdrawn EP0804694A1 (en) 1995-01-16 1996-01-04 Mixture composition for friction material

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0804694A1 (it)
AU (1) AU4354696A (it)
CA (1) CA2210629A1 (it)
IT (1) IT1277143B1 (it)
WO (1) WO1996022477A1 (it)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITPD20100111A1 (it) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-08 Viteg Srl Mescola a secco per materiale d'attrito sinterizzato completamente priva di sostanze tossiche e procedimento per il suo ottenimento
CN106979266B (zh) * 2017-04-18 2019-01-18 重庆银角制动器有限公司 高钛基-陶瓷机动车刹车片用材料

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4051097A (en) * 1972-01-31 1977-09-27 The Bendix Corporation Carbon metallic friction composition
FR2387838A1 (fr) * 1977-04-18 1978-11-17 Shimano Industrial Co Materiau de friction pour freins de bicyclettes ou analogues
US4438004A (en) * 1982-12-06 1984-03-20 Raymark Industries, Inc. Fused metallic friction materials
JPH02186136A (ja) * 1989-01-13 1990-07-20 Nisshinbo Ind Inc 摩擦材
JPH03185030A (ja) * 1989-12-14 1991-08-13 Nisshinbo Ind Inc 非石綿系摩擦材
WO1992011337A1 (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-07-09 Australian Brake Manufacturers Pty. Limited Asbestos free friction material
AT399162B (de) * 1993-07-14 1995-03-27 Chemson Polymer Additive Festschmierstoffzusatz für harzgebundene reibbelagmischungen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9622477A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1277143B1 (it) 1997-11-04
AU4354696A (en) 1996-08-07
ITRM950030A0 (it) 1995-01-16
CA2210629A1 (en) 1996-07-25
WO1996022477A1 (en) 1996-07-25
ITRM950030A1 (it) 1996-07-16

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