CA2210629A1 - Mixture composition for friction material - Google Patents
Mixture composition for friction materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA2210629A1 CA2210629A1 CA002210629A CA2210629A CA2210629A1 CA 2210629 A1 CA2210629 A1 CA 2210629A1 CA 002210629 A CA002210629 A CA 002210629A CA 2210629 A CA2210629 A CA 2210629A CA 2210629 A1 CA2210629 A1 CA 2210629A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- weight
- percentage
- friction
- braking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical compound [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 30
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001453233 Doodia media Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- FMWMEQINULDRBI-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;sulfite Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])=O FMWMEQINULDRBI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002889 diamagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013100 final test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007425 progressive decline Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=S PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
A mixture composition for friction material is described, comprising: a base alloy including elements such as zirconium, titanium (in the form of oxides) and a solid lubricant formed from a mixture of graphite and molybdenum (in the form of disulphide); phenolic resins in powder form, including friction powders; copper sulphide; baryta; amorphous graphite; and nitrylic type powdered rubber.
Description
Ml~lUKE COMPOSITION FOR FRICTION MATERIAL
D~CRIPTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. F;eld of the ;nvent;on The present invention relates to the composition of a mixture for friction material and more specifically to a mixture for brake material suitable to be applied in the field of brake materials for light and heavy vehicles. An object of the present invention is to provide a mixture of this kind that contains no substances that are toxic or harmful to the health.
D~CRIPTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. F;eld of the ;nvent;on The present invention relates to the composition of a mixture for friction material and more specifically to a mixture for brake material suitable to be applied in the field of brake materials for light and heavy vehicles. An object of the present invention is to provide a mixture of this kind that contains no substances that are toxic or harmful to the health.
2. Description of The Pr;or ~rt It is known that brake material, more commonly known as friction material, is made up of a composition of materials comprising a base structure of brake material and also chemical additives typical for the field of use of the brake material itself.
The fields of use may be divided into three sectors:
a. Low load field of use: this is the field generally comprising light vehicles such as mopeds, cars, etc. in which the characteristics required of the mixture are those of having a high friction coefficient, as short stopping distances or times are required. The heat developed over a short time dissipates in an equally short time.
b. Medium load field of use: this field includes uses of medium severity such as brakes for industrial machinery, brakes for cranes, etc., in which a higher temperature resistance and a lower friction coefficient is required compared to the low load field mentioned above; in fact in this case the braking loads involved are higher and the stopping times are longer.
c. High or serious load field of use: this field includes the use of serious loads such as trains, military armoured vehicles, speed brakes for cranes, etc.
in which a high temperature resistance is required due to the large amount of heat developed, along with a low friction coefficient because short braking times and distances are not required.
In any case in all these fields of use, the mixture used according to the prior art contains as basic materials, although in variable proportions, asbestos, lead and zinc, which are notorious environmental pollutants and constitute a health risk.
It is also known that the chemical and physical characteristics of these braking materials containing asbestos do not give a satisfactory response to the phenomenon known as "FADE", which consists in a fall in the friction coefficient level due to the increase in temperature and the failure to recover the original level of said coefficient in time for the next braking operation.
WO-A-92/11337 describes a composition for friction materials comprising at least a lubricant, a titanium compound and either zirconium metal or a zirconium compound. Optionally a resin can be included. The resin is identified as IOTA lllSX and/or lllH. Other optional components are baryta and talcum, oxide of black iron, copper sulphite', calcium carbonate, zinc, aluminium.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the problems illustrated above, the present invention has the object of providing a mixture composition for friction material that does not have among its component materials asbestos, lead and zinc, so that it does not cause environmental pollution and above all does not damage the health.
Another object, no less important than the above, is to provide a mixture composition of friction material that substantially solves the problems of "FADE", and the materials of which do not crystallise during working, even in critical conditions such as high speeds or heavy ; 35 loads.
~J\
; ' . :
.
An object of the present invention is a mixture composition for friction material comprising, in percentage by weight with reference to said mixture:
from 24~ to 32~ of a base alloy including (in~ percentage by weight with reference to said alloy):
from 25~ to 35~ of zirconium oxide ZrO2;
from 30~ to 40~ of titanium oxide TiO2;
~."~,0~ S~
--W096/22477 PCT~Ig6/00004 from 25~ to 35~ of a solid lubricant for friction material formed of a mixture of graphite and molybdenum disulphide;
from 21~ to 24~ of a mixture of phenolic resins in powder form, which polymerise at between 155~ and 160~, including approximately 30~ in weight, with respect to the weight of said mixture, of a friction powder;
from 11~ to 15~ of copper sulphide;
from 7.5~ to 9.5~ of baryta or barite;
from 21~ to 28~ of silver or amorphous graphite; and from 3.5~ to 4.5~ of nitrylic type rubber in power form, heat resistant and with a granulometry of between 200~m and 300~m.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention will now be described in greater detail with the addition of examples that clarify and illustrate further advantages offered by the present invention.
According to the present invention the mixture composition for friction material is made up of a base alloy and additive materials.
The base alloy comprises, with reference to the weight of the alloy itself, in percentage by weight:
zirconium, present as a dioxide, between 25~ and 35~. This material is a temperature stabiliser and at high speed allows the friction coefficient to increase;
titanium, present as a dioxide, between 30~ and 40~.
This material greatly reduces wear on the braking surface and is an excellent temperature stabiliser at low and high speed;
a solid lubricant present in the alloy in a percentage by weight of between 25~ and 35~, made up of a mixture if graphite and molybdenum sulphide. This mixture is of fundamental importance to give effective lubrication at high speeds and to stabilise the friction coefficient.
CA 022l0629 l997-07-l6 W096/22477 PCT~T~6/0000~
A commercially available solid lubricant material of this type is known by the trade name of "Lubolidn.
The base alloy described above replaces in the present invention the braking alloys known from the state S of the art, based on asbestos, lead and zinc.
The base alloy according to the invention is used in an amount of between 24~o and 32~ by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture, together with a mixture of phenolic resins and other additives.
The phenolic resins in this mixture are resins in powder form that polymerise at between 15S~C and 160~C
and serve, along with a usual friction powder, to bind the components in the base alloy together to form the braking material.
The amount of phenolic resins and friction powder used in the mixture according to the present invention is between 21~ and 24~ by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture.
The friction powder forms approximately 30~ of the mixture of resins and powder. As phenolic resins, a resin may be used that forms an excellent binding agent for the metallic ingredients in the powders.
An indication of a resin of this type is a phenolic resin J 1506 H produced by Massara, Bollate (MI), Italy, which has a viscosity at 25~C of 200/220x10-6 m2/sec, a pellet flow of 30/50 m/m at 135~C~ a nitrogen content of 3.4/4.0~, a specific weight of approximately 1.26~ a gelling time at 150~C of 1 minute, a moulding temperature of 150-160~C at a pressure of 120/200 kg/cm2.
It is also possible to use a phenolic resin in powder to bind the components in fibre form. A resin of this type is the resin J 1109 I~ produced by Massara, Bollate (MI), Italy.
This resin has a viscosity at 25~C of 54/72x10-6 m2/sec, a h~ m; n content of 7.3 ~ 7.9~r a pellet flow at 150~C of approximately 60 m/m, a gelling time at 150~C of approximately 2 and 3/4 minutes, a specific weight of -W096/22477 PCT~T~G~Uv~~1 approximately 1.42, a vulcanisation temperature of 150-160~C at a pressure of 120-200 kg/cm2.
A preferred ratio for use of these two resins J 1506 H and J 1109 H is approximately 1:2.
As a friction powder it is possible to use a powder manufactured by Massara, Bollate (MI), Italy under the trade name J 4106 D, which has a suitable granulometry, a maximum solubility in acetone of 20~ and a specific weight of approximately 1.12.
The friction powder is used as a reagent integrating the base alloy to ensure optimum distribution of the ~ braking properties .and to guarantee .that the friction coefficient for braking is restored in sufficient time.
The mixture also contains, as stabilising additives, the following:
copper, in the for~ of a sulphide, in a percentage by weight of between.11~ and 15~ and, for preference, between 12~ and 13% with respect to the weight of the mixture. This is used to control the temperature, as it ensures a uniform and progressive decrease of the temperature developed during operation, and, in particular, at high speeds;
baryta (or barite), in a percentage by weight of between 7.5~ and 9.5~ with respect to the total weight of the mixture. This is used in the mixture as a "charge"
to reduce wear of the friction material and noise during braking;
silver (or amorphous) graphite, in a percentage by weight of between 21~ and 28~ and, for preference, between 24~ and 25~ with respect to the total weight of the mixture. This is used in combination with the baryta to develop and support the characteristics of the latter;
nitrylic type rubber in power form, heat resistant and preferably with a granulometry of between 200~m and 300~m, in a percentage by weight of between 3.5~ and 4.5~
and, for preference, 4.0~ with respect to the weight of the mixture. This is used to give the friction material W096/22477 PCTnT96/00004 the necessary softness and elasticity, greatly reducing noise. The proportions of rubber indicated above with respect to the other components is sufficient to ensure that the "FADE" effect is not produced.
The composition as described in precedence is particularly suited for applical~ion in the field of c medium loads.
For application in the field of low loads, which require a high friction coefficient, the following are added to the composition as illustrated above:
aluminium in powder form, in a percentage by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture of between 4.0~ and 6.0~. Addition of this material has a purely electromagnetic function, breaking the magnetic waves created during braking. Furthermore, this material does not attack the braking surface;
brass in flakes, in a percentage by weight of between 5~ and 7~ and, for preference, 6.0~ with respect to the total weight of the mixture. The addition of this material ensures a perfect mechanical seal between the component materials and, furthermore, distributes the working temperature in a uniform manner over the whole braking surface.
Should application of the mixture composition as described above be in the field of heavy or severe loads, the following materials should be added to said composition:
iron wool, for preference with fibres of between 2mm and 3mm in length, in a percentage by weight of between 17.0~ and 20.0~ with respect to the total weight of the mixture and, for preference, in a percentage by weight of between 17.5~ and 19.0~. This is used to give the mixture the necessary mechanical strength and seal of all the component materials in the mixture;
corundum (or emery powder), in a percentage by weight of between 0.09~ and 0.15~ and, for preference, between 0.10~ and 0.12~ with respect to the total weight W096/22477 PCT~T9G/0~~~~
of the mixture. This is used to increase the friction coefficient. It should be noted that an excessive amount causes increased noise during operation, as well as scratches on the braking surface.
S To obtain the braking material, the base alloy comprising zirconium, titanium and the "Lubolid/' type solid lubricant is mixed together with the synthetic graphite, the special phenolic resins and the other components of the composition in the required proportions. The mixture is then vulcanised in special oleodynamic hot presses ensuring continuous monitoring of correct and constant vulcanisation, polymerisation and temperature control.
Before being mixed, all the components are carefully checked and made to undergo tests to ensure that the resulting proportions will be correct and to guarantee the total absence of humidity.
During mixing it is of essential importance that the presence of any humidity be checked as, for example, a humidity level of over 60~ might seriously alter the chemical characteristics of the working components. To avoid this phenomenon, a component with a high dehydration factor is added to the mixture, in a proportion suited to react with the other components. In effect during operation at a temperature of 180~ in the presence of water the hydrogen molecules can cause small explosions, which are the cause of damage to the braked surface.
This damage is invisible to the naked eye, but causes cracks and splits in the brake surface during continued use.
In the composition described above, according to the present invention, the materials are combined in such a way as to ensure that they do not crystallise, even under heavy working conditions, thus improving efficiency and maintaining their characteristics intact over a period of time.
W096/22477 PCT~T~!00001 Furthermore, given the presence of diamagnetic materials, the negative ef~ects of magnetisation of the braking surface, which are seen in the mixture compositions of friction materials according to the prior S art and which result in blockage of one surface on the other during operation, are avoided.
Another advantage of the present invention is the elasticity of the braking materials obtained in this way, which is such that it allows perfect the braking element to adapt perfectly to the braking surface. This makes it possible to distribute the braking action homogeneously over the whole surface area, opti.mising effectiveness and also obtaining a homogeneous distribution of the heat generated, thus avoiding any excessive local concentration of heat that might result in cracking and splitting of the mixture of materials.
Another advantage lies in the fact that, unlike the braking materials according to the prior art, which are subject to corrosion because of the high percentages of metallic materials they contain, thus resulting in serious damage to the braking surfaces, as well as high noise levels during operation and sparking, according to the present invention these problems are solved, as the materials used to form the mixture are not subject to corrosion.
A further advantage lies in the fact that according to the invention the mixture obtained has a specific weight reduced by 25~ when compared with cast iron brakes, and by 65~ when compared with synthetic ones.
This gives greater manoeuvrability during installation and replacement operations.
A further advantage lies in the fact that the mixture according to the invention is subject to less wear during operation that the mixtures according to the prior art.
W096/22477 PCT~T96100004 g Examples will now be given of tests carried out on the mixture for friction materials according to the invention.
~ The mixtures used in the tests given below are mixtures for use in medium load applications, in the sense defined in the above description.
~xample 1 Procedure for tests carried out on "Ranzicunan test bench A sample of the friction material under ~m; n~tion was made to operate against a rotating metal drum, pressing it against said drum at a pressure varying during the course of the test, so as to maintain the braking moment and the final test: temperature constant.
The speed of rotation of the drum was adjustable in order to enable tests to be carried out at different temperatures.
Drum characteristics:
Material: cast iron, with the following typical 20 chemical composition:
Ca = 3.25 Si = 2.lO
Mn = 1.3 Cr = 0.20-0.40 Mo = 0.20-0.40 P = 0.10 S = 0.25 Brinnell Hardness: HB 197-225 Structure: perlytic, uniformly distributed layers of graphite, no cementite.
Size: 0149.50 mm State of surface: Ra = 0.4-0.#
Test characteristics:
Working surface: 6 cm (adapted to suit the surface of the drum) Initial thickness: 7.60 mm W 096/22~77 PCT~T96/00004 The test was made up of three periods of operation, alternating with cooling periods. For each period the machine operates for a time enough to create a friction level of 166,000 kgm, so as to give a total operation S over the three periods of 498,000 kgm. As the braking moment of the machine is known, and is 100 kgm., it is possible to calculate the duration of each test period.
Results of the test:
PERIOD DURATION SPEED min.f av.f max.f TEMP.
minutes (km/h) (~C) I 92 8 0.32 0.38 0.41 190 II 60 12.5 0.35 0.39 0.40 240 III 42 18 0.36 0.38 0.39 290 Duration transient equivalent to 5,000 turns of the machine, due to test-contratest adaptation. The results were obtained after this transient. The average friction coefficient (av.f) refers to the duration of the test and not to an average of the values (max.f) and (min.f), which are instantaneous ~alues.
Thickness of the test element at the end of test:
7.30 mm Wear on test element: 0.030 mm Specific wear: U = 12 x S = 12 x 0.030 = 0.36 cm3/106kgm (valid relat~ion on the basis of the size of the test element and the test characteristics) State of test element surface: very smooth, absence of cracks or scratches Final diameter of drum: 149.50 mm Wear on drum: practically unappreciable State of the surface of drum: very smooth, absence of cracks or scratches Friction coefficie~t with constant progress over long periods Noise level: very low ~xa~le 2 Method used for tests ~ith Ranzi L.R.C. machine WO 96/22477 ~ lY6~/00001 Machine characteristics:
n = 7200 rpm (92 km/h) Operating speed j = 0.250 kg.cm/sec Flywheel moment of inertia K = 0.1 mm/turn Scale constant S R = 1:8=0.125 Leverage ratio Mn = 1.65 kg.cm Machine internal moment of inertia Mt = 1130/l Braking moment, dependent on the stopping space "l" given in the test Test element characteristics:
r = 1.35 cm Average radius of braking track A = 7 cm Working surface S = 7.00 mm Initial thickness of test element Four series of five braking operations each were carried out; interval between each operation approximately 20 sec., with a pressure adjustable by application of an applied weight (P) in kg and the specific weight (p) in kg/cm is as follows:
P = 0.875 x p By calculating the pressure, using the surface area i --(A) of the test element, the force (F) acting thereon is obtained:
F = p x A
For each single braking operation the test machine picks up the temperature by means of a thermo-couple inserted in the contratest element, as well as the stopping distances.
The friction moment of the hraking material is the following:
Mr = Mt - Mn = 1130 - Mn = lm (lm being the average s~opping distance for a series of braking operations).
The average friction coefficient is the following:
fm = Mr/F x r W 096/22477 PCTnT3~0 ~ -12-Test results:
p p F lm av.f Max.T
(kg) (kg/cm2) (ka) (mm) (~C) 7 8 56 45 0.35 150 8 9.1g 64 39.0 0.37 200 ~ .
9 10.28 72 34 0.39 230 10 11.43 80 31 0.39 250 State of the test element surface: very smooth, without cracks or splits.
State of the controtest element surface: very smooth, . without cracks or splits.
Thickness of the test element after testing: 7.00 mm Wear on test element: not appreciable Specific wear: U = A/EK x d/N x 10 x d/N = o.oo in which:
A = working surface EK = cynetic energy of flywheel d = reduction in thickness in hundredths of mm 20 N = number of braking operations carried out Wear in contratest element: not appreciable Sparking: absent Smoke: absent.
Conclus1ons From example 1 (constant moment) it is possible to see the variation in friction coefficient with temperature.
The variation in average friction coefficient with pressure can be seen from example 2. As can be clearly seen, the average friction coefficient initially tends to increase as the specific pressure increases, but then stabilises at a value of around 0.39. From a comparative analysis of the values in the two tests it is possible to deduce that the friction coefficient increases within a fairly restricted range o~ values with speed, remaining extremely constant at low 5peeds.
W096/22477 PCT~I96/00004 From the results of the tests it is possible to deduce that the braking materials object of the present invention are fully capable of providing all the -advantages indicated.
The present invention is not restricted to the embodiment described herein, but comprises all alternative versions thereof, obtained using equivalent technical methods, included in the scope of the following claims.
The fields of use may be divided into three sectors:
a. Low load field of use: this is the field generally comprising light vehicles such as mopeds, cars, etc. in which the characteristics required of the mixture are those of having a high friction coefficient, as short stopping distances or times are required. The heat developed over a short time dissipates in an equally short time.
b. Medium load field of use: this field includes uses of medium severity such as brakes for industrial machinery, brakes for cranes, etc., in which a higher temperature resistance and a lower friction coefficient is required compared to the low load field mentioned above; in fact in this case the braking loads involved are higher and the stopping times are longer.
c. High or serious load field of use: this field includes the use of serious loads such as trains, military armoured vehicles, speed brakes for cranes, etc.
in which a high temperature resistance is required due to the large amount of heat developed, along with a low friction coefficient because short braking times and distances are not required.
In any case in all these fields of use, the mixture used according to the prior art contains as basic materials, although in variable proportions, asbestos, lead and zinc, which are notorious environmental pollutants and constitute a health risk.
It is also known that the chemical and physical characteristics of these braking materials containing asbestos do not give a satisfactory response to the phenomenon known as "FADE", which consists in a fall in the friction coefficient level due to the increase in temperature and the failure to recover the original level of said coefficient in time for the next braking operation.
WO-A-92/11337 describes a composition for friction materials comprising at least a lubricant, a titanium compound and either zirconium metal or a zirconium compound. Optionally a resin can be included. The resin is identified as IOTA lllSX and/or lllH. Other optional components are baryta and talcum, oxide of black iron, copper sulphite', calcium carbonate, zinc, aluminium.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the problems illustrated above, the present invention has the object of providing a mixture composition for friction material that does not have among its component materials asbestos, lead and zinc, so that it does not cause environmental pollution and above all does not damage the health.
Another object, no less important than the above, is to provide a mixture composition of friction material that substantially solves the problems of "FADE", and the materials of which do not crystallise during working, even in critical conditions such as high speeds or heavy ; 35 loads.
~J\
; ' . :
.
An object of the present invention is a mixture composition for friction material comprising, in percentage by weight with reference to said mixture:
from 24~ to 32~ of a base alloy including (in~ percentage by weight with reference to said alloy):
from 25~ to 35~ of zirconium oxide ZrO2;
from 30~ to 40~ of titanium oxide TiO2;
~."~,0~ S~
--W096/22477 PCT~Ig6/00004 from 25~ to 35~ of a solid lubricant for friction material formed of a mixture of graphite and molybdenum disulphide;
from 21~ to 24~ of a mixture of phenolic resins in powder form, which polymerise at between 155~ and 160~, including approximately 30~ in weight, with respect to the weight of said mixture, of a friction powder;
from 11~ to 15~ of copper sulphide;
from 7.5~ to 9.5~ of baryta or barite;
from 21~ to 28~ of silver or amorphous graphite; and from 3.5~ to 4.5~ of nitrylic type rubber in power form, heat resistant and with a granulometry of between 200~m and 300~m.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention will now be described in greater detail with the addition of examples that clarify and illustrate further advantages offered by the present invention.
According to the present invention the mixture composition for friction material is made up of a base alloy and additive materials.
The base alloy comprises, with reference to the weight of the alloy itself, in percentage by weight:
zirconium, present as a dioxide, between 25~ and 35~. This material is a temperature stabiliser and at high speed allows the friction coefficient to increase;
titanium, present as a dioxide, between 30~ and 40~.
This material greatly reduces wear on the braking surface and is an excellent temperature stabiliser at low and high speed;
a solid lubricant present in the alloy in a percentage by weight of between 25~ and 35~, made up of a mixture if graphite and molybdenum sulphide. This mixture is of fundamental importance to give effective lubrication at high speeds and to stabilise the friction coefficient.
CA 022l0629 l997-07-l6 W096/22477 PCT~T~6/0000~
A commercially available solid lubricant material of this type is known by the trade name of "Lubolidn.
The base alloy described above replaces in the present invention the braking alloys known from the state S of the art, based on asbestos, lead and zinc.
The base alloy according to the invention is used in an amount of between 24~o and 32~ by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture, together with a mixture of phenolic resins and other additives.
The phenolic resins in this mixture are resins in powder form that polymerise at between 15S~C and 160~C
and serve, along with a usual friction powder, to bind the components in the base alloy together to form the braking material.
The amount of phenolic resins and friction powder used in the mixture according to the present invention is between 21~ and 24~ by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture.
The friction powder forms approximately 30~ of the mixture of resins and powder. As phenolic resins, a resin may be used that forms an excellent binding agent for the metallic ingredients in the powders.
An indication of a resin of this type is a phenolic resin J 1506 H produced by Massara, Bollate (MI), Italy, which has a viscosity at 25~C of 200/220x10-6 m2/sec, a pellet flow of 30/50 m/m at 135~C~ a nitrogen content of 3.4/4.0~, a specific weight of approximately 1.26~ a gelling time at 150~C of 1 minute, a moulding temperature of 150-160~C at a pressure of 120/200 kg/cm2.
It is also possible to use a phenolic resin in powder to bind the components in fibre form. A resin of this type is the resin J 1109 I~ produced by Massara, Bollate (MI), Italy.
This resin has a viscosity at 25~C of 54/72x10-6 m2/sec, a h~ m; n content of 7.3 ~ 7.9~r a pellet flow at 150~C of approximately 60 m/m, a gelling time at 150~C of approximately 2 and 3/4 minutes, a specific weight of -W096/22477 PCT~T~G~Uv~~1 approximately 1.42, a vulcanisation temperature of 150-160~C at a pressure of 120-200 kg/cm2.
A preferred ratio for use of these two resins J 1506 H and J 1109 H is approximately 1:2.
As a friction powder it is possible to use a powder manufactured by Massara, Bollate (MI), Italy under the trade name J 4106 D, which has a suitable granulometry, a maximum solubility in acetone of 20~ and a specific weight of approximately 1.12.
The friction powder is used as a reagent integrating the base alloy to ensure optimum distribution of the ~ braking properties .and to guarantee .that the friction coefficient for braking is restored in sufficient time.
The mixture also contains, as stabilising additives, the following:
copper, in the for~ of a sulphide, in a percentage by weight of between.11~ and 15~ and, for preference, between 12~ and 13% with respect to the weight of the mixture. This is used to control the temperature, as it ensures a uniform and progressive decrease of the temperature developed during operation, and, in particular, at high speeds;
baryta (or barite), in a percentage by weight of between 7.5~ and 9.5~ with respect to the total weight of the mixture. This is used in the mixture as a "charge"
to reduce wear of the friction material and noise during braking;
silver (or amorphous) graphite, in a percentage by weight of between 21~ and 28~ and, for preference, between 24~ and 25~ with respect to the total weight of the mixture. This is used in combination with the baryta to develop and support the characteristics of the latter;
nitrylic type rubber in power form, heat resistant and preferably with a granulometry of between 200~m and 300~m, in a percentage by weight of between 3.5~ and 4.5~
and, for preference, 4.0~ with respect to the weight of the mixture. This is used to give the friction material W096/22477 PCTnT96/00004 the necessary softness and elasticity, greatly reducing noise. The proportions of rubber indicated above with respect to the other components is sufficient to ensure that the "FADE" effect is not produced.
The composition as described in precedence is particularly suited for applical~ion in the field of c medium loads.
For application in the field of low loads, which require a high friction coefficient, the following are added to the composition as illustrated above:
aluminium in powder form, in a percentage by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture of between 4.0~ and 6.0~. Addition of this material has a purely electromagnetic function, breaking the magnetic waves created during braking. Furthermore, this material does not attack the braking surface;
brass in flakes, in a percentage by weight of between 5~ and 7~ and, for preference, 6.0~ with respect to the total weight of the mixture. The addition of this material ensures a perfect mechanical seal between the component materials and, furthermore, distributes the working temperature in a uniform manner over the whole braking surface.
Should application of the mixture composition as described above be in the field of heavy or severe loads, the following materials should be added to said composition:
iron wool, for preference with fibres of between 2mm and 3mm in length, in a percentage by weight of between 17.0~ and 20.0~ with respect to the total weight of the mixture and, for preference, in a percentage by weight of between 17.5~ and 19.0~. This is used to give the mixture the necessary mechanical strength and seal of all the component materials in the mixture;
corundum (or emery powder), in a percentage by weight of between 0.09~ and 0.15~ and, for preference, between 0.10~ and 0.12~ with respect to the total weight W096/22477 PCT~T9G/0~~~~
of the mixture. This is used to increase the friction coefficient. It should be noted that an excessive amount causes increased noise during operation, as well as scratches on the braking surface.
S To obtain the braking material, the base alloy comprising zirconium, titanium and the "Lubolid/' type solid lubricant is mixed together with the synthetic graphite, the special phenolic resins and the other components of the composition in the required proportions. The mixture is then vulcanised in special oleodynamic hot presses ensuring continuous monitoring of correct and constant vulcanisation, polymerisation and temperature control.
Before being mixed, all the components are carefully checked and made to undergo tests to ensure that the resulting proportions will be correct and to guarantee the total absence of humidity.
During mixing it is of essential importance that the presence of any humidity be checked as, for example, a humidity level of over 60~ might seriously alter the chemical characteristics of the working components. To avoid this phenomenon, a component with a high dehydration factor is added to the mixture, in a proportion suited to react with the other components. In effect during operation at a temperature of 180~ in the presence of water the hydrogen molecules can cause small explosions, which are the cause of damage to the braked surface.
This damage is invisible to the naked eye, but causes cracks and splits in the brake surface during continued use.
In the composition described above, according to the present invention, the materials are combined in such a way as to ensure that they do not crystallise, even under heavy working conditions, thus improving efficiency and maintaining their characteristics intact over a period of time.
W096/22477 PCT~T~!00001 Furthermore, given the presence of diamagnetic materials, the negative ef~ects of magnetisation of the braking surface, which are seen in the mixture compositions of friction materials according to the prior S art and which result in blockage of one surface on the other during operation, are avoided.
Another advantage of the present invention is the elasticity of the braking materials obtained in this way, which is such that it allows perfect the braking element to adapt perfectly to the braking surface. This makes it possible to distribute the braking action homogeneously over the whole surface area, opti.mising effectiveness and also obtaining a homogeneous distribution of the heat generated, thus avoiding any excessive local concentration of heat that might result in cracking and splitting of the mixture of materials.
Another advantage lies in the fact that, unlike the braking materials according to the prior art, which are subject to corrosion because of the high percentages of metallic materials they contain, thus resulting in serious damage to the braking surfaces, as well as high noise levels during operation and sparking, according to the present invention these problems are solved, as the materials used to form the mixture are not subject to corrosion.
A further advantage lies in the fact that according to the invention the mixture obtained has a specific weight reduced by 25~ when compared with cast iron brakes, and by 65~ when compared with synthetic ones.
This gives greater manoeuvrability during installation and replacement operations.
A further advantage lies in the fact that the mixture according to the invention is subject to less wear during operation that the mixtures according to the prior art.
W096/22477 PCT~T96100004 g Examples will now be given of tests carried out on the mixture for friction materials according to the invention.
~ The mixtures used in the tests given below are mixtures for use in medium load applications, in the sense defined in the above description.
~xample 1 Procedure for tests carried out on "Ranzicunan test bench A sample of the friction material under ~m; n~tion was made to operate against a rotating metal drum, pressing it against said drum at a pressure varying during the course of the test, so as to maintain the braking moment and the final test: temperature constant.
The speed of rotation of the drum was adjustable in order to enable tests to be carried out at different temperatures.
Drum characteristics:
Material: cast iron, with the following typical 20 chemical composition:
Ca = 3.25 Si = 2.lO
Mn = 1.3 Cr = 0.20-0.40 Mo = 0.20-0.40 P = 0.10 S = 0.25 Brinnell Hardness: HB 197-225 Structure: perlytic, uniformly distributed layers of graphite, no cementite.
Size: 0149.50 mm State of surface: Ra = 0.4-0.#
Test characteristics:
Working surface: 6 cm (adapted to suit the surface of the drum) Initial thickness: 7.60 mm W 096/22~77 PCT~T96/00004 The test was made up of three periods of operation, alternating with cooling periods. For each period the machine operates for a time enough to create a friction level of 166,000 kgm, so as to give a total operation S over the three periods of 498,000 kgm. As the braking moment of the machine is known, and is 100 kgm., it is possible to calculate the duration of each test period.
Results of the test:
PERIOD DURATION SPEED min.f av.f max.f TEMP.
minutes (km/h) (~C) I 92 8 0.32 0.38 0.41 190 II 60 12.5 0.35 0.39 0.40 240 III 42 18 0.36 0.38 0.39 290 Duration transient equivalent to 5,000 turns of the machine, due to test-contratest adaptation. The results were obtained after this transient. The average friction coefficient (av.f) refers to the duration of the test and not to an average of the values (max.f) and (min.f), which are instantaneous ~alues.
Thickness of the test element at the end of test:
7.30 mm Wear on test element: 0.030 mm Specific wear: U = 12 x S = 12 x 0.030 = 0.36 cm3/106kgm (valid relat~ion on the basis of the size of the test element and the test characteristics) State of test element surface: very smooth, absence of cracks or scratches Final diameter of drum: 149.50 mm Wear on drum: practically unappreciable State of the surface of drum: very smooth, absence of cracks or scratches Friction coefficie~t with constant progress over long periods Noise level: very low ~xa~le 2 Method used for tests ~ith Ranzi L.R.C. machine WO 96/22477 ~ lY6~/00001 Machine characteristics:
n = 7200 rpm (92 km/h) Operating speed j = 0.250 kg.cm/sec Flywheel moment of inertia K = 0.1 mm/turn Scale constant S R = 1:8=0.125 Leverage ratio Mn = 1.65 kg.cm Machine internal moment of inertia Mt = 1130/l Braking moment, dependent on the stopping space "l" given in the test Test element characteristics:
r = 1.35 cm Average radius of braking track A = 7 cm Working surface S = 7.00 mm Initial thickness of test element Four series of five braking operations each were carried out; interval between each operation approximately 20 sec., with a pressure adjustable by application of an applied weight (P) in kg and the specific weight (p) in kg/cm is as follows:
P = 0.875 x p By calculating the pressure, using the surface area i --(A) of the test element, the force (F) acting thereon is obtained:
F = p x A
For each single braking operation the test machine picks up the temperature by means of a thermo-couple inserted in the contratest element, as well as the stopping distances.
The friction moment of the hraking material is the following:
Mr = Mt - Mn = 1130 - Mn = lm (lm being the average s~opping distance for a series of braking operations).
The average friction coefficient is the following:
fm = Mr/F x r W 096/22477 PCTnT3~0 ~ -12-Test results:
p p F lm av.f Max.T
(kg) (kg/cm2) (ka) (mm) (~C) 7 8 56 45 0.35 150 8 9.1g 64 39.0 0.37 200 ~ .
9 10.28 72 34 0.39 230 10 11.43 80 31 0.39 250 State of the test element surface: very smooth, without cracks or splits.
State of the controtest element surface: very smooth, . without cracks or splits.
Thickness of the test element after testing: 7.00 mm Wear on test element: not appreciable Specific wear: U = A/EK x d/N x 10 x d/N = o.oo in which:
A = working surface EK = cynetic energy of flywheel d = reduction in thickness in hundredths of mm 20 N = number of braking operations carried out Wear in contratest element: not appreciable Sparking: absent Smoke: absent.
Conclus1ons From example 1 (constant moment) it is possible to see the variation in friction coefficient with temperature.
The variation in average friction coefficient with pressure can be seen from example 2. As can be clearly seen, the average friction coefficient initially tends to increase as the specific pressure increases, but then stabilises at a value of around 0.39. From a comparative analysis of the values in the two tests it is possible to deduce that the friction coefficient increases within a fairly restricted range o~ values with speed, remaining extremely constant at low 5peeds.
W096/22477 PCT~I96/00004 From the results of the tests it is possible to deduce that the braking materials object of the present invention are fully capable of providing all the -advantages indicated.
The present invention is not restricted to the embodiment described herein, but comprises all alternative versions thereof, obtained using equivalent technical methods, included in the scope of the following claims.
Claims (3)
1. A mixture composition for friction material comprising a titanium or zirconium compound, a resin, a solid lubricant and barite or baryta, characterized in that:
said titanium or zirconium compound is an oxide;
said resin is a mixture of phenolic resins in powder form, polymerising at 155°C to 160°C, including, with respect to the weight of said mixture composition, approximately 30% by weight of a friction powder;
said solid lubricant is a lubricant for friction material made up of a mixture of graphite and molybdenum disulphide;
said mixture composition comprises in percentage by weight:
24% to 32% of a base alloy, 21% to 24% of said resin, 11% to 15% of copper sulphide, 7.5% to 9.5% of baryta or barite, 21% to 28% of silver or amorphous graphite, and 3.5% to 4.5% of heat resistant nitrylic type rubber in powder form having a particle size of 200 µm to 300 µm; and said base alloy includes, in percentage by weight, 25% to 35% of zirconium oxide ZrO2, 30% to 40% of titanium oxide TiO2, and 25% to 35% of said solid lubricant.
said titanium or zirconium compound is an oxide;
said resin is a mixture of phenolic resins in powder form, polymerising at 155°C to 160°C, including, with respect to the weight of said mixture composition, approximately 30% by weight of a friction powder;
said solid lubricant is a lubricant for friction material made up of a mixture of graphite and molybdenum disulphide;
said mixture composition comprises in percentage by weight:
24% to 32% of a base alloy, 21% to 24% of said resin, 11% to 15% of copper sulphide, 7.5% to 9.5% of baryta or barite, 21% to 28% of silver or amorphous graphite, and 3.5% to 4.5% of heat resistant nitrylic type rubber in powder form having a particle size of 200 µm to 300 µm; and said base alloy includes, in percentage by weight, 25% to 35% of zirconium oxide ZrO2, 30% to 40% of titanium oxide TiO2, and 25% to 35% of said solid lubricant.
2. Composition according to claim 1, suitable for applications involving a high friction coefficient, in particular for light-weight braking operations, further comprising, in percentage by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture:
between 4% and 7% of aluminium in powder form; and between 5% and 7% of brass in flakes.
between 4% and 7% of aluminium in powder form; and between 5% and 7% of brass in flakes.
3. Composition according to claim 1, suitable for applications involving a low friction coefficient, in particular for heavy-weight braking operations, further comprising, in percentage by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture:
between 17% and 20% of iron wool; and between 0.1% and 0.15% of corundum.
between 17% and 20% of iron wool; and between 0.1% and 0.15% of corundum.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITRM95A000030 | 1995-01-16 | ||
IT95RM000030A IT1277143B1 (en) | 1995-01-16 | 1995-01-16 | COMPOSITION OF MIXTURE BY FRICTION MATERIAL. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA2210629A1 true CA2210629A1 (en) | 1996-07-25 |
Family
ID=11402938
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002210629A Abandoned CA2210629A1 (en) | 1995-01-16 | 1996-01-04 | Mixture composition for friction material |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0804694A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4354696A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2210629A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1277143B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996022477A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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ITPD20100111A1 (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-08 | Viteg Srl | DRY MIXTURE FOR COMPLETELY SINTER FRICTION MATERIAL WITHOUT TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS ACHIEVEMENT |
CN106979266B (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2019-01-18 | 重庆银角制动器有限公司 | High titanium-based-ceramics motor vehicle brake-shoe material |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4051097A (en) * | 1972-01-31 | 1977-09-27 | The Bendix Corporation | Carbon metallic friction composition |
FR2387838A1 (en) * | 1977-04-18 | 1978-11-17 | Shimano Industrial Co | FRICTION MATERIAL FOR BICYCLE BRAKES OR SIMILAR BRAKES |
US4438004A (en) * | 1982-12-06 | 1984-03-20 | Raymark Industries, Inc. | Fused metallic friction materials |
JPH02186136A (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-07-20 | Nisshinbo Ind Inc | Friction material |
JPH03185030A (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-08-13 | Nisshinbo Ind Inc | Nonasbestos-based friction material |
WO1992011337A1 (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1992-07-09 | Australian Brake Manufacturers Pty. Limited | Asbestos free friction material |
AT399162B (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 1995-03-27 | Chemson Polymer Additive | SOLID LUBRICANT ADDITIVE FOR RESINED FRICTION COATING MIXTURES |
-
1995
- 1995-01-16 IT IT95RM000030A patent/IT1277143B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1996
- 1996-01-04 WO PCT/IT1996/000004 patent/WO1996022477A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-01-04 CA CA002210629A patent/CA2210629A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-01-04 EP EP96900168A patent/EP0804694A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-01-04 AU AU43546/96A patent/AU4354696A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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IT1277143B1 (en) | 1997-11-04 |
AU4354696A (en) | 1996-08-07 |
ITRM950030A0 (en) | 1995-01-16 |
EP0804694A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 |
WO1996022477A1 (en) | 1996-07-25 |
ITRM950030A1 (en) | 1996-07-16 |
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