EP0798529B1 - Wärmeaustauscherrohr - Google Patents
Wärmeaustauscherrohr Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0798529B1 EP0798529B1 EP97103505A EP97103505A EP0798529B1 EP 0798529 B1 EP0798529 B1 EP 0798529B1 EP 97103505 A EP97103505 A EP 97103505A EP 97103505 A EP97103505 A EP 97103505A EP 0798529 B1 EP0798529 B1 EP 0798529B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ribs
- exchanger tube
- tube according
- primary
- troughs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/04—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by preventing the formation of continuous films of condensate on heat-exchange surfaces, e.g. by promoting droplet formation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
Definitions
- the invention relates to an exchanger tube for a heat exchanger according to the features in the preamble of the claim 1.
- the troughs running through the ribs also run at an angle deviating from 90 ° to the pipe longitudinal axis.
- the flanks of the troughs are convex.
- the transitions from the flanks on the flat bottoms of the troughs and on the flat head sides of the rib areas between two neighboring hollows of a rib are sharp-edged educated.
- the depth of the troughs is smaller than the radial one Dimension of the ribs. All troughs are of the same depth educated. In the production of the troughs, this becomes the Deformed material ribs in the front of the troughs Channels deformed into it.
- the production of the known exchanger tube takes place in preferably in that first in a rolling process the structure of the later inner surface on one side a metal band, then the metal band a slotted tube with an internal surface structure is formed and then the slot edges are welded become.
- the invention is based on the prior art Task, an exchanger tube with an inner To create surface structure, with which a clearly more intensive flow through the channels can be guaranteed can and take advantage of an equally good Evaporation or condensation performance with reduced Connect rib weight.
- the embodiment of claim 2 provides that on the one hand all primary ribs and on the other hand all secondary ribs each have the same radial extent. This means, all primary ribs have the same height as well all secondary ribs have the same height.
- the primary ribs and the secondary ribs at an angle ⁇ 20 °, however ⁇ 90 ° to the pipe longitudinal axis.
- the features of claim 4 are of particular advantage connected that when pulling in an exchanger tube, e.g. in the fins of a heat exchanger, in particular by Widening by means of a moving through the exchanger tube Tool, the rounded tops of the primary ribs and the Secondary ribs are only slightly flattened. To this Wise is the formation of difficult to tear open Effectively counteracted condensate films.
- the features of claim 5 also contribute decisively to ensure that the heat exchange between the in the exchanger tube flowing fluid and the wall of the exchanger tube is optimized.
- a slim rib contour is characterized by the features of the claim 6 scored. Then the flank angle is Primary ribs and the secondary ribs 20 ° to 40 °, preferably 25 °.
- the size of the radial extension of the primary ribs moves advantageous according to claim 9 between about 0.15 mm and 0.40 mm.
- the cross-sectional area ratio of the primary ribs relative to the secondary ribs plays to achieve a particularly good heat transfer play an important role.
- the area ratio of the primary ribs to that of the secondary ribs approximately like 15: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 8: 1 to 6: 1.
- At least the soles of the channels roughened. It is also conceivable to roughen everyone Surfaces of the primary and secondary ribs. Here it can is a micro roughness. Such Roughness is particularly evident in condensation and Evaporation of refrigerants is noticeable when the exchanger tube integrated into a corresponding heat exchanger becomes.
- the micro roughness makes it possible due to the large fin surfaces for effective evaporation advantageous large number of projections, edges, tips and to provide depressions as vapor bubble nuclei without that on the other hand larger quantities of material for this would be required.
- the Depth of the troughs of the radial extension of the primary ribs or the secondary ribs Preferably extend those formed in adjacent primary or secondary ribs Troughs coaxially one behind the other.
- the troughs and the rib areas have a triangular shape Cross section on.
- a preferred application of the exchanger tube according to the invention is then according to the features of claim 16 given if it is made of copper or a copper alloy is formed.
- the exchanger tube can be round or have an oval cross-section.
- Round exchanger tubes preferably have an outer diameter of about 6 mm to 20 mm on.
- the exchanger tube made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or according to Claim 18 is formed from iron or an iron alloy.
- FIG. 1 in FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a longitudinally welded seam Exchanger tube for one otherwise not Heat exchanger shown for condensation and Evaporation of refrigerants.
- the exchanger tube 1 consists of oxygen-free, phosphorus deoxidized copper (SF-Cu soft). It has a Outside diameter D of 9.52 mm.
- the exchanger tube which is circular in the outside and inside cross section 1 has a smooth outer surface 2 and one structured inner surface 3.
- the exchanger tube 1 is produced from a Flat sheet metal strip, not shown, on both sides SF-Cu.
- the sheet metal strip is a one-step roll stamping process subjected, whereby according to the representation of Figures 2 and 3 one side of the then deformed metal strip 4 smooth remains (the later outer surface 2 of the exchanger tube 1) and the other side with a textured surface (the later inner surface 3 of the exchanger tube 1) is provided. Only those used for welding Edge areas 5 of the metal strip 4 (FIG. 2) remain unstructured.
- the sheet metal strip 4 is closed molded into a slotted tube and then welded lengthwise as well as divided into lengths.
- the structure of the inner surface 3 of the exchanger tube 1 (see Figures 2 to 5) comprises at an angle ⁇ of 25 ° parallel to the longitudinal axis 6 of the exchanger tube 1
- Primary ribs 7 (FIGS. 2 to 4) with inclined flanks 8 ( Figures 3a / b and 4).
- the flank angle ⁇ of the primary ribs 7 is 25 ° in the exemplary embodiment and the distance A is Middle longitudinal planes MLE of two adjacent primary ribs 7 1.0 mm ( Figure 4). Its height H (radial extension) is to 0.30 mm ( Figure 4).
- the primary ribs 7 connecting wall 9 of the exchanger tube 1 has a thickness of 0.30 mm ( Figure 4).
- Figures 2 to 4 also show that between two adjacent primary ribs 7 in height H1 (radial extension) smaller secondary ribs 14 extend.
- the height H1 of the secondary ribs 14 is 0.10 mm.
- the crests 15 of the secondary ribs 14 are also rounded.
- the throats 16 between the flanks 17 of the Secondary ribs 14 and the soles 12 of the channels 13 are also rounded.
- the flank angle ⁇ is, as with Flank angle ⁇ of the primary ribs 7 25 °.
- the secondary ribs 14 run at the same angle ⁇ to Longitudinal tube axis 6 as the primary ribs 7.
- the distance A1 parallel secondary ribs 14 corresponds to the distance A. parallel primary ribs 7 ( Figure 2).
- each primary rib is 7 seen in longitudinal section with parallel to each other troughs 18 which are triangular in cross section Mistake.
- Figure 2 are Troughs 18 of adjacent primary ribs 7 at an angle ⁇ of 35 ° to the pipe longitudinal axis 6 aligned one behind the other.
- the between the central longitudinal plane MLE of the primary ribs 7 and the central longitudinal planes MLE1 of the troughs 18 included Angle ⁇ is 60 °.
- the distance A2 in the longitudinal direction a primary rib 7 of adjacent troughs 18 is 0.4 mm ( Figures 2 and 5).
- the troughs 18 have a depth T, which is the height H of the Primary ribs 7 corresponds.
- the flanks 19 of the troughs 18 are just trained. Between the troughs 18 are trapezoidal Rib areas 20 formed, the tops 21 are flat. The Bottoms 22 of the troughs 18 are rounded ( Figure 5).
- the secondary ribs 14 also have Troughs 23 according to the arrangement and configuration of the Troughs 18 in the primary ribs 7. In this respect, the hollows 23 not explained again below.
- At least the soles 12 of the channels 13 are not shown in FIG shown with a micro roughness is generated directly during roll embossing.
- the exchanger tube 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 has a significantly better heat transfer coefficient k '(not only compared to an exchanger tube 24 with a smooth inner surface, but also to an internally grooved exchanger tube 25 (commercially available V-profile)). W / m 2 K) ( Figure 6).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
- Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
Description
- Figur 1
- in der Perspektive einen Längenabschnitt eines Austauscherrohrs;
- Figur 2
- in der Draufsicht einen Längenabschnitt eines strukturierten Blechbands zur Bildung eines Austauscherrohrs gemäß Figur 1;
- Figuren 3a und 3b
- in der Perspektive den Ausschnitt III der Figur 2 aus zwei verschiedenen Blickrichtungen;
- Figur 4
- in vergrößerter Darstellung einen vertikalen Querschnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV der Figur 2;
- Figur 5
- in vergrößerter Darstellung einen vertikalen Querschnitt entlang der Linie V-V der Figur 2 und
- Figur 6
- anhand eines Diagramms einen Leistungsvergleich von Koaxialkondensatoren, bestückt mit verschiedenen Innenrohren.
- 1 -
- Austauscherrohr
- 2 -
- äußere Oberfläche v. 1
- 3 -
- innere Oberfläche v. 1
- 4 -
- Blechband
- 5 -
- Randbereiche v. 4
- 6 -
- Rohrlängsachse
- 7 -
- Primärrippen
- 8 -
- Flanken v. 7
- 9 -
- Wand v. 1
- 10 -
- Kuppen v. 7
- 11 -
- Kehlen zw. 8 u. 12
- 12 -
- Sohlen v. 13
- 13 -
- Kanäle
- 14 -
- Sekundärrippen
- 15 -
- Kuppen v. 14
- 16 -
- Kehlen zw. 17 u. 12
- 17 -
- Flanken v. 14
- 18 -
- Mulden in 7
- 19 -
- Flanken v. 18
- 20 -
- Rippenbereiche
- 21 -
- Kuppen v. 20
- 22 -
- Böden v. 18
- 23 -
- Mulden in 14
- 24 -
- Austauscherrohr, glatt
- 25 -
- Austauscherrohr, gerillt
- α -
- Winkel zw. 7 bzw. 14 u. 6
- β -
- Flankenwinkel v. 7 u. 14
- γ -
- Winkel zwischen 18 u. 6
- δ -
- Winkel zw. MLE und MLE1
- A -
- Abstand v. 7
- A1 -
- Abstand v. 14
- A2 -
- Abstand v. 18
- D -
- Durchmesser v. 1
- D1 -
- Dicke v. 9
- H -
- Höhe v. 7
- H1 -
- Höhe v. 14
- MLE-
- Mittellängsebene v. 7
- MLE1-
- Mittellängsebene v. 18
- T -
- Tiefe v. 18
Claims (18)
- Austauscherrohr für einen Wärmetauscher, das eine strukturierte innere Oberfläche (3) aufweist, die aus unter einem von 90° abweichenden Winkel (α) zur Rohrlängsachse (6) verlaufenden Rippen (7,14) mit geneigten Flanken (8, 17), von den Rippen (7, 14) seitlich begrenzten Kanälen (13) und die Rippen (7, 14) quer durchsetzenden Mulden (18, 23) mit ebenfalls geneigten Flanken (19) gebildet ist, welche sich unter einem von 90° abweichenden Winkel (γ) zur Rohrlängsachse (6) erstrecken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß von zwei in Umfangsrichtung nebeneinander verlaufenden Rippen (7, 14) eine der Rippen, die Primärrippe (7), eine größere radiale Erstreckung (H) als die benachbarte Rippe, die Sekundärrippe (14), aufweist, wobei abwechselnd hohe Primärrippen (7) und niedrige Sekundärrippen (14) gebildet sind, und die radiale Erstreckung (H) der Primärrippen (7) zur radialen Erstreckung (H1) der Sekundärrippen (14) etwa wie 3 : 1 bemessen ist.
- Austauscherrohr nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Primärrippen (7) und alle Sekundärrippen (14) jeweils dieselbe radiale Erstreckung (H bzw. H1) aufweisen.
- Austauscherrohr nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Primärrippen (7) und die Sekundärrippen (14) unter einem Winkel (α) ≥ 20° jedoch ≤ 90°, bevorzugt 20° bis 40°, zur Rohrlängsachse (6) verlaufen.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sowohl die Primärrippen (7) als auch die Sekundärrippen (14) gerundete Kuppen (10, 15) und ebene Flanken (8, 17) aufweisen.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flanken (8) der Primärrippen (7) über gerundete Kehlen (11) und die Flanken (17) der Sekundärrippen (14) über gerundete Kehlen (16) in die Sohlen (12) der Kanäle (13) einlaufen.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flankenwinkel (β) der Primärrippen (7) und der Sekundärrippen (14) 20° bis 40°, vorzugsweise 25°, beträgt.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis des Abstands (A) der Mittellängsebenen (MLE) zweier benachbarter Primärrippen (7) zur radialen Erstreckung (H1) der Sekundärrippen (14) 15:1 bis 8:1, vorzugsweise 10:1, beträgt.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand (A) der Mittellängsebenen (MLE) zweier benachbarter Primärrippen (7) zwischen etwa 0,8 mm und 2,0 mm beträgt.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die radiale Erstreckung (H) der Primärrippen (7) zwischen 0,15 mm und 0,40 mm beträgt.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß - im Querschnitt gesehen - das Flächenverhältnis der Primärrippen (7) zu dem der Sekundärrippen (14) etwa wie 15:1 bis 5:1, vorzugsweise 8:1 bis 6:1, bemessen ist.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens die Sohlen (12) der Kanäle (13) aufgerauht sind.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tiefe (T) der Mulden (18, 23) der radialen Erstreckung (H) der Primärrippen (7) bzw. (H1) der Sekundärrippen (14) entspricht.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt der Mulden (18, 23) etwa dem Querschnitt eines zwei benachbarte Mulden (18, 23) trennenden Rippenbereiches (20) entspricht.
- Austauscherrohr nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mulden (18, 23) und die Rippenbereiche (20) einen dreieckförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sohlen (22) der Mulden (18, 23) stärker als die Kuppen (21) der Rippenbereiche (20) gekrümmt sind.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung gebildet ist.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung gebildet ist.
- Austauscherrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus Eisen oder einer Eisenlegierung gebildet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19612470 | 1996-03-28 | ||
DE19612470A DE19612470A1 (de) | 1996-03-28 | 1996-03-28 | Austauscherrohr |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0798529A1 EP0798529A1 (de) | 1997-10-01 |
EP0798529B1 true EP0798529B1 (de) | 2002-10-16 |
Family
ID=7789799
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97103505A Expired - Lifetime EP0798529B1 (de) | 1996-03-28 | 1997-03-04 | Wärmeaustauscherrohr |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6308775B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0798529B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH109789A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE226310T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU709707B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2200671C (de) |
DE (2) | DE19612470A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0798529T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2180835T3 (de) |
MY (1) | MY119385A (de) |
RU (1) | RU2179292C2 (de) |
TW (1) | TW332859B (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA972300B (de) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19612470A1 (de) * | 1996-03-28 | 1997-10-02 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Austauscherrohr |
DE10041919C1 (de) | 2000-08-25 | 2001-10-31 | Wieland Werke Ag | Innenberipptes Wärmeaustauschrohr mit versetzt angeordneten Rippen unterschiedlicher Höhe |
US6883597B2 (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2005-04-26 | Wolverine Tube, Inc. | Heat transfer tube with grooved inner surface |
JP4822238B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-24 | 2011-11-24 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | 液媒用内面溝付伝熱管とその伝熱管を用いた熱交換器 |
FR2837270B1 (fr) * | 2002-03-12 | 2004-10-01 | Trefimetaux | Tubes rainures a utilisation reversible pour echangeurs thermiques |
US20040099409A1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-05-27 | Bennett Donald L. | Polyhedral array heat transfer tube |
US20040244958A1 (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2004-12-09 | Roland Dilley | Multi-spiral upset heat exchanger tube |
JP4651366B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-02 | 2011-03-16 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | 高圧冷媒用内面溝付伝熱管 |
US8434227B2 (en) | 2006-01-19 | 2013-05-07 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Method of forming heat exchanger tubes |
US8438728B2 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2013-05-14 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Flat tube, flat tube heat exchanger, and method of manufacturing same |
US20090014165A1 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2009-01-15 | Werner Zobel | Flat tube, flat tube heat exchanger, and method of manufacturing same |
US8191258B2 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2012-06-05 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Flat tube, flat tube heat exchanger, and method of manufacturing same |
US8281489B2 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2012-10-09 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Flat tube, flat tube heat exchanger, and method of manufacturing same |
US8091621B2 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2012-01-10 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Flat tube, flat tube heat exchanger, and method of manufacturing same |
JP2009524003A (ja) * | 2006-01-19 | 2009-06-25 | モーディーン・マニュファクチャリング・カンパニー | フラットチューブ、フラットチューブ型熱交換器及びその製造方法 |
US8683690B2 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2014-04-01 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Flat tube, flat tube heat exchanger, and method of manufacturing same |
US20080078534A1 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2008-04-03 | General Electric Company | Heat exchanger tube with enhanced heat transfer co-efficient and related method |
DE102007004993A1 (de) | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-07 | Modine Manufacturing Co., Racine | Herstellungsverfahren für Flachrohre und Walzenstraße |
US20090294112A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2009-12-03 | Nordyne, Inc. | Internally finned tube having enhanced nucleation centers, heat exchangers, and methods of manufacture |
WO2011004491A1 (ja) * | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 冷媒循環回路 |
TWI408329B (zh) * | 2010-02-12 | 2013-09-11 | Univ Nat Sun Yat Sen | 微型熱交換管結構、散熱元件及其製造方法 |
DE102010023384B4 (de) | 2010-06-10 | 2014-08-28 | Modine Manufacturing Co. | Herstellungsverfahren, insbesondere für Rohre und Abreißvorrichtung |
CN103851945B (zh) * | 2012-12-07 | 2017-05-24 | 诺而达奥托铜业(中山)有限公司 | 具有粗糙内表面的内螺纹管 |
CN104807358A (zh) * | 2014-01-29 | 2015-07-29 | 卢瓦塔埃斯波公司 | 截面不规则的内槽管 |
USD1009227S1 (en) | 2016-08-05 | 2023-12-26 | Rls Llc | Crimp fitting for joining tubing |
US10415892B2 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-09-17 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Heat exchange tubes and tube assembly configurations |
USD945579S1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2022-03-08 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Heat exchanger tube with fins |
US11045912B2 (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2021-06-29 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Method of fabricating an oscillating heat pipe |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3267564A (en) * | 1964-04-23 | 1966-08-23 | Calumet & Hecla | Method of producing duplex internally finned tube unit |
JPS57175896A (en) * | 1981-04-24 | 1982-10-28 | Hitachi Ltd | Heat transmission pipe |
JPS588995A (ja) * | 1981-07-06 | 1983-01-19 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 伝熱管 |
JPS6189497A (ja) * | 1984-10-05 | 1986-05-07 | Hitachi Ltd | 伝熱管 |
JPH02161290A (ja) * | 1988-12-15 | 1990-06-21 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 内面加工伝熱管 |
US5458191A (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1995-10-17 | Carrier Corporation | Heat transfer tube |
DE19510124A1 (de) * | 1995-03-21 | 1996-09-26 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Austauscherrohr für einen Wärmeaustauscher |
DE19612470A1 (de) * | 1996-03-28 | 1997-10-02 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Austauscherrohr |
-
1996
- 1996-03-28 DE DE19612470A patent/DE19612470A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-03-04 DE DE59708466T patent/DE59708466D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-04 ES ES97103505T patent/ES2180835T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-04 EP EP97103505A patent/EP0798529B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-04 AT AT97103505T patent/ATE226310T1/de active
- 1997-03-04 DK DK97103505T patent/DK0798529T3/da active
- 1997-03-13 TW TW086103101A patent/TW332859B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-17 ZA ZA9702300A patent/ZA972300B/xx unknown
- 1997-03-21 CA CA002200671A patent/CA2200671C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-24 MY MYPI97001236A patent/MY119385A/en unknown
- 1997-03-25 AU AU16509/97A patent/AU709707B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-03-26 US US08/829,699 patent/US6308775B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-27 RU RU97104732/06A patent/RU2179292C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-27 JP JP9075990A patent/JPH109789A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1650997A (en) | 1997-10-02 |
TW332859B (en) | 1998-06-01 |
JPH109789A (ja) | 1998-01-16 |
DE19612470A1 (de) | 1997-10-02 |
US6308775B1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
EP0798529A1 (de) | 1997-10-01 |
AU709707B2 (en) | 1999-09-02 |
CA2200671A1 (en) | 1997-09-28 |
RU2179292C2 (ru) | 2002-02-10 |
ZA972300B (en) | 1997-10-22 |
ES2180835T3 (es) | 2003-02-16 |
CA2200671C (en) | 2002-11-19 |
MY119385A (en) | 2005-05-31 |
DK0798529T3 (da) | 2003-02-17 |
DE59708466D1 (de) | 2002-11-21 |
ATE226310T1 (de) | 2002-11-15 |
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