EP0797704A1 - Materiau de charge possedant un double traitement de surface, procede de preparation et utilisation dans la fabrication de papier - Google Patents

Materiau de charge possedant un double traitement de surface, procede de preparation et utilisation dans la fabrication de papier

Info

Publication number
EP0797704A1
EP0797704A1 EP95918439A EP95918439A EP0797704A1 EP 0797704 A1 EP0797704 A1 EP 0797704A1 EP 95918439 A EP95918439 A EP 95918439A EP 95918439 A EP95918439 A EP 95918439A EP 0797704 A1 EP0797704 A1 EP 0797704A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight percent
acid
filler
oil
cationic polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95918439A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Robert A. Gill
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Minerals Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Minerals Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minerals Technologies Inc filed Critical Minerals Technologies Inc
Publication of EP0797704A1 publication Critical patent/EP0797704A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/02—Compounds of alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C09C1/021—Calcium carbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/006—Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C3/04 - C09C3/12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/06—Treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C09C3/063—Coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/08—Treatment with low-molecular-weight non-polymer organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/10—Treatment with macromolecular organic compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
    • D21H17/69—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments modified, e.g. by association with other compositions prior to incorporation in the pulp or paper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12—Surface area

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition and a method for using that composition to improve the papermaking process and the quality of the paper products produced therefrom. More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of sizing agents. Even more specifically, the present invention relates to surface treated inorganic filler materials that are particularly suitable in papermaking processes where sizing and other properties, such as, strength and optical performance are important.
  • Sizing agents are typically used in the papermaking process in order to slow down or resist the passage of liquids through the paper.
  • Sizing agents are generally used in the papermaking process as either internal sizing agents or surface treating sizing agents.
  • An internal sizing agent is added to the wet-end of the papermaking process, while surface sizing agents are added at the size press and effect the surface sizing properties of the sheet.
  • surface sizing agents are added at the size press and effect the surface sizing properties of the sheet.
  • cellulose reactive type sizing agents excessive amounts of the sizing agent were required to control sizing.
  • Two synthetic sizes presently in use are alkyl ketene di er (AKD) and alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) .
  • Inorganic base fillers such as, for example, clay, titanium dioxide, and calcium carbonate are known to have a detrimental effect on sizing. Filler and fines present in the wet-end papermaking process, absorb the sizing agent, thus rendering it ineffective in controlling sizing.
  • German Patent Application 2,316,097 discloses a filler for use in papermaking comprising a calcium carbonate coated with an anionic synthetic polymer resin such that the coated filler has a "O" (zero) charge.
  • the coated filler is suggested to minimize the loss of strength normally seen due to using filler in papermaking.
  • the preferred anionic resins are water based polymers, such as, for example styrene-butadiene copolymer.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,610,801 teaches the preparation of a mineral slurry that remains pumpable by adding cationic materials to the mineral slurry such that the treated slurry does not settle or exceed a viscosity of 500 c.p.s.m., and upon dilution, exerts a flocculative action.
  • the treated slurry is alleged to be useful as a coagulant in sewage disposal or papermaking.
  • 5,147,507 discloses a method for improving papermaking by, reducing the sizing required, maintaining the sizing content over time, improving the handling properties of a formed web by adding to a papermaking furnish from about 5 to about 50 weight percent of a filler material which has been surface treated with from about 0.1 to about 10.0 weight percent of a cationic polymer which has been made cationic by treating with at least one polyamino-amide and a polyamine polymer which have been reacted with an epoxidized halohydrin compound to form tertiary and quaternary a ine groups on the cationic polymer.
  • an inorganic filler composition and a method for the use thereof wherein the inorganic filler has been pre-treated with an anionic treating agent and a cationic polymer to produce a dual treated inorganic filler that is particularly useful in papermaking processes where sizing, strength and optical performance is important.
  • a dual treated inorganic filler such as for example, calcium carbonate, either ground limestone or synthetically produced as precipitated calcium carbonate.
  • the dual treated inorganic filler is particularly useful in a papermaking process where sizing, strength and optical performance are important.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a method for producing a dual treated inorganic filler by surface treating the inorganic filler with first an anionic chemical agent and then, a cationic polymer.
  • a dual surface treated inorganic filler of the present invention is subsequently used in a papermaking process, sizing properties are improved without adversely affecting strength, and optical performance.
  • Anionic Chemical Agents found to be effective for first treating the inorganic filler are selected from the group consisting of glassy sodium phosphates, carboxymethyl cellulose, silicates, polyacrylates, sodium polyacrylic acid or other inorganic or organic dispersing agents.
  • Glassy sodium phosphates include, but are not limited to, sodium tetraphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and amido long chain polyphosphate. From these, tetrasodium phosphate is preferred.
  • a suitable polyacrylate is manufactured by Rhone-Poulenc, Marietta, Georgia, under the trade name of Collids-211.
  • the glassy sodium phosphates are preferred and tetrasodium phosphate is especially preferred.
  • the level of anionic chemical agent required to improve the optical and physical performance of paper made according to the present invention is from about 0.01 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent based on the weight of the inorganic filler.
  • the preferred level of anionic chemical agent is from about 0.1 weight percent to about 0.5 weight percent.
  • the second component necessary to produce the dual treated inorganic filler of the present invention is a cationic polymer.
  • R is a hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of alkyl with at least 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with at least 6 carbon atoms, aryl, aralkyl and alkaryl.
  • Specific dimers are octyl-, decyl-, dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, hexadecyl-, octadecyl-, eikosyl-, dokosyl-, tetrakosyl-, phenyl, benzyl-beta-naphthyl-, and cyclohexyl- dimer.
  • dimers produced from mining acids naphthenic acid, delta-9, 10-decylenic acid, palmitoline acid, oleic acid, ricine oleic acid, linoleate, linoleic acid, olestearic acid and the like, as well as dimers manufactured from natural fatty acid mixtures, such as are obtained from coconut oil, babassu oil, palm seed oil, palm oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rape seed oil, beef suet and lard, and the like, including mixtures of the above.
  • the polymer is made cationic by treating the dimer with a polyamino-amide and/or polyamine polymer reacted with an epoxidized halohydrin compound, such as epichlorohydrin, thereby forming tertiary and quaternary amine groups on the dimer surface. It is preferred that the cationic charge on the dimer be derived primarily from quaternary amine groups.
  • a suitable polymer of this type is manufactured by Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, under the tradename Hercon.
  • Inorganic Base Fillers Inorganic fillers suitable for use in the present invention are selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, either ground natural limestone or synthetically produced as precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) , titanium dioxide, talc and silica/silicate fillers.
  • PCC precipitated calcium carbonate
  • the above mentioned fillers if used untreated, have a detrimental effect on sizing, but when treated with first an anionic treating agent and then a cationic polymer material according to the present invention become readily utilizable and in fact improve the papermaking process and the resulting paper product.
  • the inorganic filler is first treated an anionic chemical agent and then, a cationic polymer in order to produce the dual surfaced treated inorganic filler of the present invention.
  • the anionic and cationic treating agents are typically added to a slurry containing the inorganic filler by any means known in the art.
  • the anionic chemical agent may be added in wet or dry form, while the cationic treating agent are typically added in solution form.
  • One effective means of surface treating the filler is by adding the treating agents while agitating the slurry, at room temperature of 25 degrees Centigrade.
  • HST HST Test to measure penetration of liquid through the handsheets.
  • HST is the test method used to determine the degree of sizing of paper in the instant invention. The test was performed on a Hercules sizing tester model KA or KC and the test method employed is TAPPI Method T-530 PM-89 (revised 1989) .
  • a CaC0 3 slurry at 17.5% solids and pH of 8.0 was treated with the below described cationic or anionic and cationic materials. Treatment levels are calculated on a dry weight basis of the calcium carbonate present (dry wt. % based on the filler) .
  • the anionic treating agent was added to the calcium carbonate slurry. After stirring five minutes the cationic material was added and stirring continued another five minutes.
  • Turbulent-pulse former handsheets (74g/m 2 ) were prepared from a furnish of 75% bleached hardwood and 25% bleached softwood kraft pulps beaten to 400 Canadian standard freeness (CSF) at pH 7.0 in distilled water. Shear speed on the turbulent-pulse former was set at 1250 RPM utilizing a pulp furnish having a consistency of 0.12 percent. Hercon-85, a synthetic sizing agent (alkyl ketene dimer) was added to the pulp at levels of from 0.25 to 0.75 percent. The filler was added to the furnish to achieve a filler content range of from about 15 to about 25 percent in the finished sheets.
  • a high molecular weight anionic polyacrylamide retention aid (accurac-171) was added in an amount corresponding to 0.05 percent. Distilled water was used throughout the process of preparing the handsheets. The sheets were pressed using one nip at a pressure of 25 P.S.I. and dried on a rotating chrome-plated drum at a temperature of 125° Centigrade. All sheets were conditioned at 50% R.H., and 23°C.
  • the sizing values obtained on sheets filled with anionic/cationic dual treatment CaCO ⁇ were found to improve sizing to exceed the values obtained on sheets produced using a single cationic treatment.
  • EXAMPLE II In the same manner as described in Example I. a CaC0 3 slurry at approximately 17- 18% solids and pH -8 was treated with the materials mentioned below (treatment levels calculated based on dry weight) allowing 5 minutes of mixing time for each addition. Paper handsheets were then produced using the resulting surface-treated CaC0 3 slurries with target filler levels of 16% and 24% and target dry sheet weights of 0.6g (74 g/ ⁇ r) .
  • EXAMPLE III In the same manner as described in Example I, a CaC0 slurry at approximately 17- 18% solids and pH -8 was treated with the materials mentioned below (treatment levels calculated based on dry weight) allowing 5 minutes of mixing time for each addition. Paper handsheets were then produced using the resulting surface-treated CaC0 3 slurries following 2 days and again after 10 days of filler storage. Target filler level was 16% and target bone dry sheet weights were 0.6g (74 g/m 2 ) .
  • CaC0 3 were found to exceed the values obtained on sheets produced using a single cationic treatment after both 2 days and 10 days of filler storage time. Moreover, the dual treatment showed less sizing loss (lower % HST reduction) than the single treatment.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)

Abstract

Composition de charge inorganique et procédé d'utilisation de ladite composition, ladite charge inorganique ayant été pré-traitée avec un agent de traitement anionique et un polymère cationique, afin d'obtenir une charge inorganique possédant un double traitement. Ces charges inorganiques s'utilisent avantageusement dans des procédés de fabrication de papier, où l'encollage, ainsi que d'autres propriétés, telles que la résistance et l'aspect optique, présentent une importance.
EP95918439A 1994-05-20 1995-05-16 Materiau de charge possedant un double traitement de surface, procede de preparation et utilisation dans la fabrication de papier Withdrawn EP0797704A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24644894A 1994-05-20 1994-05-20
US246448 1994-05-20
PCT/US1995/006013 WO1995032335A1 (fr) 1994-05-20 1995-05-16 Materiau de charge possedant un double traitement de surface, procede de preparation et utilisation dans la fabrication de papier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0797704A1 true EP0797704A1 (fr) 1997-10-01

Family

ID=22930735

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95918439A Withdrawn EP0797704A1 (fr) 1994-05-20 1995-05-16 Materiau de charge possedant un double traitement de surface, procede de preparation et utilisation dans la fabrication de papier

Country Status (17)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0797704A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10505883A (fr)
CN (1) CN1148877A (fr)
AU (1) AU702265B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9507737A (fr)
CA (1) CA2190827A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ336096A3 (fr)
FI (1) FI964626A0 (fr)
HU (1) HUT77823A (fr)
IL (1) IL113721A (fr)
NO (1) NO964740L (fr)
NZ (1) NZ285321A (fr)
PL (1) PL317223A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2138592C1 (fr)
SK (1) SK147396A3 (fr)
TW (1) TW279186B (fr)
WO (1) WO1995032335A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5643631A (en) * 1995-03-17 1997-07-01 Minerals Tech Inc Ink jet recording paper incorporating novel precipitated calcium carbonate pigment
US5700352A (en) * 1996-04-03 1997-12-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for including a fine particulate filler into tissue paper using an anionic polyelectrolyte
SE521591C2 (sv) * 1998-11-30 2003-11-18 Sca Res Ab Metod att framställa en partikel uppvisande beläggning av med varandra växelverkande polymerer och pappers -eller nonwovenprodukt innehållande partiklarna
SE0001268L (sv) * 2000-04-06 2001-10-07 Sca Hygiene Prod Ab Förfarande för adsorption av på varandra följande tunna skikt av katjoniska och anjoniska polymerer på ytan hos partiklar eller grupper av partiklar, och pappers- eller nonwovenprodukt innehållande s ådana partiklar eller grupper av partiklar
EP1704282B2 (fr) * 2003-12-22 2023-08-30 Nouryon Chemicals International B.V. Charge utilisee dans la fabrication du papier
JP2005194651A (ja) * 2004-01-05 2005-07-21 Kurita Water Ind Ltd 紙および板紙の製造方法
JP4406882B2 (ja) * 2005-03-18 2010-02-03 ハリマ化成株式会社 填料内添紙及びその製造方法
JP4970799B2 (ja) * 2006-01-26 2012-07-11 日本製紙株式会社 電子写真用転写紙
AU2007208685B2 (en) * 2006-01-26 2010-03-04 Harima Chemicals, Inc. Paper containing preaggregated filler and process for producing the same
JP4970467B2 (ja) * 2007-01-26 2012-07-04 ハリマ化成株式会社 製紙用添加剤及び填料内添紙
CL2008002019A1 (es) 2007-07-16 2009-01-16 Akzo Nobel Chemicals Int Bv Composicion de carga que comprende una carga, un compuesto inorganico cationico, un compuesto organico cationico y un polisacarido anionico; metodo para preparar dicha composicion; uso como aditivo para una suspension celulosica acuosa; procedimiento para producir papel; y papel.
US8088250B2 (en) * 2008-11-26 2012-01-03 Nalco Company Method of increasing filler content in papermaking
CN102179866A (zh) * 2011-01-26 2011-09-14 耿世达 一种制造环保纸的方法
RU2471032C1 (ru) * 2011-05-24 2012-12-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Троицкая бумажная фабрика" (ОАО "ТБФ") Бумажная масса для изготовления бумаги
AR086593A1 (es) 2011-06-08 2014-01-08 Akzo Nobel Chemicals Int Bv Proceso para la produccion de papel y carton
SI2662419T1 (sl) * 2012-05-11 2015-09-30 Omya International Ag Polnilno krmiljena phch
RU2589671C1 (ru) * 2015-03-17 2016-07-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "Инновационный центр "Бирюч" (ЗАО "ИЦ "Бирюч") Способ получения гидрофобной и липофобной бумаги с использованием микрофибриллярных целлюлозных волокон
WO2017054198A1 (fr) * 2015-09-30 2017-04-06 Ecolab Usa Inc. Compositions et procédés pour traiter une charge dans la fabrication de papier
CN109629333B (zh) * 2019-01-26 2019-09-13 苏州赛维科环保技术服务有限公司 一种用于造纸工艺的填料预处理方法

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GB1347071A (en) * 1971-07-01 1974-02-13 Starch Products Ltd Paper fillers
GB1425114A (en) * 1973-03-09 1976-02-18 Ass Portland Cement Acid resistant whitings for use in the manufacture of paper
GB8701491D0 (en) * 1987-01-23 1987-02-25 Ecc Int Ltd Aqueous suspensions of calcium
US5244542A (en) * 1987-01-23 1993-09-14 Ecc International Limited Aqueous suspensions of calcium-containing fillers
ES2078436T3 (es) * 1990-03-08 1995-12-16 Minerals Tech Inc Material de carga modificado con un polimero cationico, procedimiento para su preparacion y procedimiento para su uso en la fabricacion de papel.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO9532335A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2190827A1 (fr) 1995-11-30
CZ336096A3 (en) 1997-05-14
AU702265B2 (en) 1999-02-18
RU2138592C1 (ru) 1999-09-27
FI964626A (fi) 1996-11-19
NZ285321A (en) 1998-04-27
NO964740L (no) 1996-12-11
CN1148877A (zh) 1997-04-30
BR9507737A (pt) 1997-08-19
WO1995032335A1 (fr) 1995-11-30
FI964626A0 (fi) 1996-11-19
IL113721A0 (en) 1995-08-31
IL113721A (en) 1999-04-11
TW279186B (fr) 1996-06-21
HUT77823A (hu) 1998-08-28
NO964740D0 (no) 1996-11-08
AU2438495A (en) 1995-12-18
HU9603207D0 (en) 1997-01-28
JPH10505883A (ja) 1998-06-09
PL317223A1 (en) 1997-03-17
SK147396A3 (en) 1997-08-06

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