EP0794855A1 - Device and method for the treatment of surfaces - Google Patents

Device and method for the treatment of surfaces

Info

Publication number
EP0794855A1
EP0794855A1 EP95940241A EP95940241A EP0794855A1 EP 0794855 A1 EP0794855 A1 EP 0794855A1 EP 95940241 A EP95940241 A EP 95940241A EP 95940241 A EP95940241 A EP 95940241A EP 0794855 A1 EP0794855 A1 EP 0794855A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transfer belt
coating material
application
coating
thermoplastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95940241A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0794855B1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Hasenkamp
Wigand STÄHLIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Publication of EP0794855A1 publication Critical patent/EP0794855A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0794855B1 publication Critical patent/EP0794855B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B05C1/006—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to the edges of essentially flat articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
    • B05C1/14—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a travelling band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/40—Distributing applied liquids or other fluent materials by members moving relatively to surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D5/00—Other working of veneer or plywood specially adapted to veneer or plywood
    • B27D5/003—Other working of veneer or plywood specially adapted to veneer or plywood securing a veneer strip to a panel edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N7/00—After-treatment, e.g. reducing swelling or shrinkage, surfacing; Protecting the edges of boards against access of humidity
    • B27N7/005—Coating boards, e.g. with a finishing or decorating layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31591—Next to cellulosic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
    • Y10T428/31779—Next to cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31783—Paper or wood
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
    • Y10T428/3179—Next to cellulosic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for treating surfaces.
  • Such surface treatment processes are used extensively, particularly in the furniture industry. Usually, the wood-based materials used there are not left in their original appearance, but are given a finishing surface coating. Usually it is a melamine coating. Veneers, decorative laminates or decorative films are also used as the coating material.
  • edges or generally narrow surfaces are often coated using a special edge material.
  • a special edge material for example, this is a edge band or a so-called narrow surface tape, which is applied to the narrow surfaces by means of an adhesive. This process is commonly referred to as edge banding.
  • One possibility of carrying out a surface coating is to use the coating material of the top and bottom sides as the edge material.
  • the coating material is applied to the top or bottom of a plate material to be coated. This is preferably done using a dispersion adhesive.
  • a dispersion adhesive In the area of the edge to be coated, there is usually a sufficient material overhang which is made flexible in a suitable manner, usually by supplying heat. The flexible material overhang is then bent around the edge to be coated and glued on by means of a dispersion or hot melt adhesive. This process is also known as the postforming process.
  • the excess material is obtained by milling, whereby the material lying below the desired excess material is removed.
  • This process is known as the direct postforming process.
  • the surfaces to be coated often have large unevenness, blowholes, etc. This applies in particular to chipboard.
  • Such a surface condition when coated with one of the specified processes, leads to a strikingly unsteady, "humped", wavy material surface which adversely affects the appearance, for example of the later piece of furniture.
  • thicker edge or coating materials are often used which can sufficiently compensate for the unevenness of the surface and prevent the surface of the surface from showing through (telegraphing).
  • the increase in the material thickness is also associated with an increase in the restoring force of the bent coating material. This in turn requires an extended pressure path for the bonding of such a stiffer coating material.
  • thicker coating materials are usually more expensive.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method or a device with which the aforementioned disadvantages are eliminated and a treatment for smoothing surfaces is possible in a simple manner.
  • mouldable, non-solid coating material means that the coating can be simplified in contrast to the aforementioned methods, for example by flipping over a material protrusion.
  • the desired smoothing of the applied coating material is achieved by a smoothing tape which is easy to use compared to rollers or sliding shoes and is therefore inexpensive.
  • the surface coated on this ice is now prepared for a further coating. Due to the high quality, it can also be left as it is.
  • the coating material is preferably applied to the surface by means of a transfer belt.
  • the advantage here is that no application roller adapted to the profile of the surface to be coated is necessary for the application of the material. Especially with the large number of different edge profiles, the production of such application rollers adapted to the profiles or also specially adapted application nozzles is time-consuming and extremely expensive. Furthermore, different profiles cannot be coated in a short time.
  • the transfer band also used as a smoothing belt, so that smoothing rollers or smoothing shoes can be dispensed with. A further saving effect is the result.
  • the application of the coating material to the surface to be treated is preferably accomplished by compressive force.
  • a suitable printing device applies a force to the belt on the non-coated side, which causes the coated transfer belt side to be pressed against the surface to be coated.
  • Infrared radiators, hot air blowers, high-frequency radiators or the like are preferably used for this.
  • the coating material is applied to the transfer belt on the surface to be coated immediately prior to application.
  • the application is preferably carried out via a corresponding application roller or an application nozzle, which brings the material onto the transfer belt in a material thickness to be set.
  • it is advantageous to increase it in the middle area of the transfer belt. As already described, the unevenness is greatest in this area of the surface to be coated, so that consequently more material has to be used there.
  • the transfer ribbon is pulled off the surface to be treated, the material having previously penetrated and solidified in the pores of the surface to be treated, so that it does not adhere to it when the transfer ribbon is removed sticks.
  • the removed transfer belt is returned to the application roller, so that the use of an endless belt is possible.
  • Thermoplastic materials for coating have proven to be particularly advantageous. On the one hand, they bond well to the surface and, on the other hand, they are easily formable or smoothable.
  • the present invention is explained in more detail by way of example using several exemplary embodiments with reference to a drawing.
  • the single figure shows a schematic representation of a transfer coating device, by means of which the method according to the invention is also described.
  • the conveyor belt 5 is driven and transported by suitable drive units, not shown in the figure. ported the chipboard 1 in the direction indicated by the arrow, from left to right in the drawing.
  • a plurality of printing devices 9 are arranged at a distance from one another in a printing zone 7.
  • Pressure rollers or a combination of pressure rollers and slide shoes 9 can, however, also be used.
  • a transfer belt 11 is unwound from a roll 13, also referred to as a supply roll, which passes through the printing zone 7 between the transport belt 5 or the chipboard 1 and the printing device 9 and is rewound by a further roll 15.
  • the drive device for the transport of the transfer belt 11 usually interacts with the further roller 15.
  • the transport speed of the transfer belt preferably corresponds to the transport speed of the chipboard 1
  • the drive speed of the further roller 15 is set depending on the wound diameter.
  • the control mechanism for the further roller 15 can be omitted if an endless transfer belt 11, which is shown in broken lines in the figure, is used instead of the conveyor belt unwound from the roller 13. Instead of the two rollers 13 and 15, different deflection rollers are Ien 17 necessary to guide the transfer belt 11 back to the beginning after passing through the printing zone 7.
  • the endless transfer belt 11 is drawn from the plates 1 to be coated; a separate drive can also be provided.
  • an application nozzle or an application roller 19 is arranged on the transport path of the transfer belt 11. Opposite there is a pressing device 21, the transfer belt 11 being passed between these two elements.
  • the figure does not show that the applicator roller 19 is supplied with a coating material, for example a thermoplastic material, by suitable means.
  • the application roller 19 has a surface suitable for the application of flowable material, which may have indentations, grooves or the like in order to change the material application thickness over the width of the roller or the transfer belt. In the case of an application nozzle, the nozzle slot is widened or narrowed accordingly in order also to achieve a material thickness that is variable over the width.
  • a fixing roller 23 is provided between the application roller 19 and the printing zone 7, which brings the transfer belt 11 into a first adhesive contact with the narrow surface 3 to be coated.
  • a cleaning device 25 is provided along the transport path of the transfer belt 11, which removes contaminants adhering to the transfer belt 11. Under certain circumstances, these could prevent a clean application of material by the application roller 19.
  • a processing area 27 is shown schematically, in which, for example, the edges are reground or the actual softforming or postforming process is carried out.
  • the preferably flowable thermoplastic material to be applied is applied to one side of the transfer belt 11 via the application roller 19. Since the chipboard 1 to be coated is transported piece by piece on the conveyor belt 5, the application roller 19 preferably works at intervals. It begins with the application when the chipboard 1 to be coated still has to pass through a transport path to the fixing roller 23 which corresponds to the transport path of the transfer belt 11 to the fixing roller 23; thus the beginning of the transfer belt section wetted with material coincides with the front edge of the chipboard on the fixing roller 23. The length of the wetted transfer belt section corresponds to the edge length of the narrow surface 3. Such an interval control can be implemented very easily by means of appropriate sensors, for example light barriers, which are arranged at suitable locations. - 1 0 -
  • the pressing device 21 ensures that the transfer belt does not give in or yield to the pressure of the application roller. So it serves as an abutment.
  • the fixing roller 23 then brings the coated transfer belt 11 into contact with the narrow surface 3 so that the transfer belt 11 is first fixed in position on the narrow surface 3.
  • the transfer belt 11 is preferably first pressed with a certain, adjustable force against the section of the narrow surface 3 closest to the pressure or sliding shoe.
  • the pressing / pressing force must be chosen so large that the thermoplastic material penetrates well into the pores of the narrow surface 3.
  • the further pressure or sliding shoes following the first pressure or sliding shoe 9 are positioned such that a pressure force is also applied to the other areas of the narrow surface 3 up to the end of the pressure zone 7.
  • the pressure or sliding shoes are preferably adapted to the contour of the narrow surface 3.
  • pressure or sliding shoes 9 are only shown schematically. However, it is also possible to use pressure rollers alone or in combination with pressure or sliding shoes in the pressure zone. The exact arrangement of the individual printing elements is based on the average professionally known; a detailed explanation is therefore not given here.
  • the length of the pressure zone 7 or the transport speed of the chipboard 1 must be designed so that the thermoplastic material applied to the narrow surface 3 has hardened until the pressure zone 7 has been left in order to achieve good anchoring of the thermoplastic material in the narrow surface base.
  • the transfer belt 11 is pulled off the chipboard 1 after the printing zone 7.
  • the chipboard 1 with the coated narrow surface 3 is then transported into the processing area 27, in which the actual edge banding is carried out using the softforming or postforming method. Since the thermoplastic material compensates for the unevenness originally present on the narrow surface 3 and provides a very smooth surface, a perfect smooth final narrow surface coating is possible using the known methods mentioned.
  • the effect of the pressure or sliding shoes 9 in the pressure zone 7 can be increased by additional heat, for example by infrared radiators, high-frequency radiators or hot air blowers.
  • the higher temperature improves the flowability of the thermoplastic material, so that it can penetrate better and deeper into the pores of the narrow surface 3.
  • the narrow surface 3 of the particle board 1 to be coated can also be heated, for example by infrared radiation, which can further intensify the effect just mentioned.
  • thermoplastic material itself must be such that it does not soften and maintain its strength at the usual usage temperatures of furniture, which are usually between -10 * to 100 * C.
  • the softening point is preferably chosen to be so high that the frictional heat generated during machine smooth grinding or smooth polishing does not lead to undesired softening (plasticization) of the thermoplastic material.
  • the softer thermoplastic material would smear the abrasive belts relatively quickly and thus render them unusable prematurely.
  • the hot melt adhesive applied in the subsequent softforming or postforming process for example, must not lead to a high degree of softening and thus possibly to an undesired deformation of the thermoplastic material applied during the pretreatment of the narrow surfaces.
  • thermoplastic material In order to be able to use commercially available hotmelt applicators to apply the thermoplastic material to the transfer belt 11, the thermoplastic material should be sufficiently flowable in a temperature range of 150 * - 250'C, preferably 180 * - 230 * C. Good flowability of the material is important insofar as it does so Can better wet transfer ribbon, can be better applied to the narrow surface 3 to be coated and can also penetrate better into the pores of the particle board.
  • the side of the coating or the conveyor belt facing away from the narrow side is cooled, for example by means of a cold air shower or a cooling roller. As a result, the part of the coating composition touching the conveyor belt solidifies very quickly, so that there is less "sagging" into the surface.
  • the necessary dwell time of the chipboard 1 in the pressure zone 7 can be shortened.
  • the transfer belt 11 can be better removed from a completely solidified material.
  • thermoplastic material should also be easy to stick, which means that the thermoplastic material has a high affinity for the adhesive applied in later processes.
  • Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), polyamides, polyesters, so-called polyolefins (atactic poly-alpha-olefins) and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) can preferably be used as thermoplastic materials either alone or as compounds (mixture), EVA and polyester can only be used as compounds mixed with other substances.
  • thermoplastics such as isocyanate-terminated PUR prepolymer
  • UV-curing systems based on acrylate, methacrylate or unsaturated polyester can be used as thermosets.
  • Mineral fillers which are applied wet and harden quickly, have emerged as further suitable coating materials.
  • inorganic powders can also be mixed with dispersion-containing mixing liquids for elasticization.
  • dispersion-containing mixing liquids for elasticization.
  • such powders can be mixed with the aqueous mixing liquid in a screw extruder, for example, and applied immediately afterwards to the transfer belt, the time of mixing and application having to be within the setting time of the transfer mass.
  • heat can also be supplied in the pressure zone, for example by means of heated pressure rollers or pressure shoes.
  • the transfer belt that serves as the carrier for the coating material must be sufficiently flexible so that it can be snugly conformed to the contour of the narrow surface 3 by means of the pressure shoes 9 or pressure rollers.
  • the transfer belt 11 must also be heat stable so that it is in the high application temperatures of the thermoplastic material are not permanently deformed. Moreover, it should also be insensitive to a rapid sequence of heating and cooling, as occurs in particular when used as an endless belt.
  • thermosetting edging tapes based on paper, for example, have proven to be particularly good materials. All these materials have in common that they have a sufficiently low affinity for the thermoplastic material, so that the transfer belt can be easily removed from the pre-treated chipboard.
  • thermoplastic material must have a high affinity for a hotmelt adhesive applied in later processes, so that a good bond between the two materials is achieved.
  • An improvement of this adhesive bond can be achieved by heating the thermoplastic material applied to the narrow surface 3 before applying the edge band or before or during the bending of the excess coating material in the post-forming process, for example by infrared radiation or by a hot air shower .
  • the heating causes a liquefaction / plasticization of the at least uppermost layer of the thermoplastic material, as a result of which the process of fusing the uppermost layer of the thermoplastic material with that on the edge material brought hot melt adhesive is promoted and leads to better adhesion of the edge material. Care must be taken to ensure that the thermoplastic material does not liquefy and deform too much.
  • thermoplastic material By heating the at least uppermost layer of the thermoplastic material as described above and liquefying it, this material can serve as a substitute for the adhesive applied to the edge band; this means that the thermoplastic material can also be used as an adhesive.
  • the quality of the thermoplastic material applied to the narrow surface 3 can be selected so that a narrow surface that has been pretreated or coated with it can already be coated or coated with a hot stamping foil without further finishing.
  • meltable plastic can also be used as a replacement for the thermoplastic material. After melting, this meltable plastic physically solidifies like a conventional thermoplastic, but then chemically becomes a thermoset. for example under the influence of heat or moisture.
  • meltable crosslinking plastics are known, for example, as reactive hotmelt adhesives based on polyurethane.
  • the solidified coating composition which has reacted in this way is heat-, water- and shockproof and chemically resistant.
  • Colored pigments can also be added to the coating material, so that a ready-to-use edge with the desired color can be achieved in this way.
  • the crosslinked coating composition can also be coated, although a coating system must be selected whose solvent does not swell or even dissolve the coating composition which has not yet cured.
  • a water-based paint system is suitable here.
  • the coating composition which has not yet been crosslinked is to be processed with the aid of embossing rollers.
  • the embossing rollers must have an adhesive surface so that they can easily detach from the coating material and not damage it.
  • the coating material in addition to the coating method described above, it is also possible to apply the coating material directly to the surface by means of suitable application devices, such as, for example, an application roller or an application nozzle, and only then using a rotating smoothing device. smoothing tape. If, in addition, a particularly large amount of material is to be applied, the two methods can also be combined, with an application device first applying a first amount of material and the transfer belt described above the second amount of material. The smoothing is again done by the transfer belt.
  • suitable application devices such as, for example, an application roller or an application nozzle
  • the coating method described can be used in particular for wood-based materials such as solid wood, particle board or MDF (Medium Densitive Fiber). However, coating of plastic materials or metals can also be carried out using the method described.
  • wood-based materials such as solid wood, particle board or MDF (Medium Densitive Fiber).
  • MDF Medium Densitive Fiber
  • the coating material also offers protection against mechanical stress.
  • metal rails on the edges of concrete formwork boards can be replaced by a coating with a material that hardens to form a thermoset.
  • other areas of application are also conceivable.
  • a strip of colored, decorative resin-impregnated paper can be laminated onto the smoothed narrow surface of a wood-based panel, especially a chipboard, under pressure and heat in such a way that the resin flows away and cures to form an irreversible thermoset.
  • the impregnation resin can be made from e.g. pure melamine resin or melamine / urea resin blends.
  • Such impregnated papers are used in the chipboard industry for the direct coating of wood-based panels in various presses - multi-day, short-cycle, continuous presses. If the same resin-impregnated paper is used both for coating the top and bottom (wide surfaces) and for laminating the smoothed narrow surface of the wood-based panel, then you get workpieces that have the same thermosetting surface material on all surfaces.

Abstract

A process and apparatus for edge coating a substrate is provided. A process provides a layer of a formable coating material on a transfer belt which layer of formable material has a variable thickness over the width of the layer, applying a layer of the formable coating material on the transfer belt to the edge surface to produce a coated edge surface and smoothing the coated edge surface by contact with a smoothing belt. The coating on the edge surface is sufficiently thick to cover and smooth irregularities in the edge surface of the substrate. The coated edge surface can be further treated by the usual methods for coating edge surfaces of flat substrates. The apparatus comprises the roller or nozzle to provide the layer of formable material of variable thickness on the transfer belt, the transfer belt carries the coating material to the edge surface and the transfer belt can act as a smoothing belt to provide an edge surface with the coating material with all of the irregularities obscured.

Description

"Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Behandlung von Oberflächen" "Device and method for treating surfaces"
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren beziehungs¬ weise eine Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Oberflä¬ chen.The invention relates to a method and a device for treating surfaces.
Insbesondere in der Möbelindustrie werden solche Oberflächen-Behandlungsverfahren in großem Umfang eingesetzt. Üblicherweise werden die dort verwende¬ ten Holzwerkstoffe nämlich nicht in ihrem ursprüng¬ lichen Aussehen belassen, sondern erhalten eine veredelnde Oberflächenbeschichtung. Zumeist handelt es sich dabei um eine Mela inbeschichtung. Fur¬ niere, dekorative Schichtstoffe oder Dekorfolien werden daneben als Beschichtungsmaterial benutzt.Such surface treatment processes are used extensively, particularly in the furniture industry. Usually, the wood-based materials used there are not left in their original appearance, but are given a finishing surface coating. Mostly it is a melamine coating. Veneers, decorative laminates or decorative films are also used as the coating material.
Die Beschichtung von Seitenflächen, Kanten oder allgemein von schmalen Flächen erfolgt häufig durch ein spezielles Kantenmaterial. Beispielsweise han¬ delt es sich hierbei um einen Umleimer oder ein so¬ genanntes Schmalflächenband, das mittels eines Klebstoffes auf die Schmalflächen aufgebracht wird. Dieses Verfahren wird allgemein als Kantenanleimung bezeichnet.Side surfaces, edges or generally narrow surfaces are often coated using a special edge material. For example, this is a edge band or a so-called narrow surface tape, which is applied to the narrow surfaces by means of an adhesive. This process is commonly referred to as edge banding.
Es besteht jedoch häufig der Wunsch, die schmalen Flächen beziehungsweise Kanten aus ästhetischen Gründen abzurunden beziehungsweise aus funktionei¬ len Gründen profilierte Flächen vorzusehen. BeiHowever, there is often a desire to round off the narrow surfaces or edges for aesthetic reasons or to provide profiled surfaces for functional reasons. at
ORIGINAL UNTERLAGEN der Beschichtung solcher weichen "Konturen" werden neben der zuvor beschriebenen Kantenanleimung, die auch als Softforming-Verfahren bezeichnet wird, weitere Beschichtungsverfahren eingesetzt.ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS The coating of such soft "contours" uses, in addition to the edge banding described above, which is also referred to as the soft forming process, further coating processes.
Eine Möglichkeit, eine Flächenbeschichtung durch¬ zuführen, besteht darin, als Kantenmaterial das Be¬ schichtungsmaterial der Ober- und Unterseite zu be¬ nutzen. Dabei wird zunächst das Beschichtungsmate¬ rial auf die Ober- beziehungsweise Unterseite eines zu beschichtenden Plattenmaterials aufgebracht. Dies geschieht vorzugsweise mittels eines Dispersi¬ onsklebstoffes. Im Bereich der zu beschichtenden Kante verbleibt meist ein ausreichender Material¬ überstand, der auf geeignete Weise, üblicherweise durch Wärmezufuhr, flexibilisiert wird. An¬ schließend wird der flexibilisierte Materialüber¬ stand um die zu beschichtende Kante gebogen und mittels eines Dispersions- oder Schmelzklebstoffes aufgeklebt. Dieses Verfahren wird auch als Postfor- ing-Verfahren bezeichnet.One possibility of carrying out a surface coating is to use the coating material of the top and bottom sides as the edge material. First, the coating material is applied to the top or bottom of a plate material to be coated. This is preferably done using a dispersion adhesive. In the area of the edge to be coated, there is usually a sufficient material overhang which is made flexible in a suitable manner, usually by supplying heat. The flexible material overhang is then bent around the edge to be coated and glued on by means of a dispersion or hot melt adhesive. This process is also known as the postforming process.
In einer Abwandlung des zuvor genannten Postfor- ing-Verfahrens wird der Materialüberstand durch Freifräsen erzielt, wobei das unter dem gewünschten Materialüberstand liegende Material abgetragen wird. Dieses Verfahren wird als Direkt-Postforming- Verfahren bezeichnet.In a modification of the above-mentioned post-forming process, the excess material is obtained by milling, whereby the material lying below the desired excess material is removed. This process is known as the direct postforming process.
Allen Verfahren ist jedoch gemeinsam, daß ein festes Beschichtungsmaterial eingesetzt wird, das entsprechend schwer handhabbar und darüber hinaus teuer ist, nicht zuletzt durch nicht wiederverwert¬ bare Schnittabfälle.However, all processes have in common that a solid coating material is used which is correspondingly difficult to handle and moreover is expensive, not least because of non-recyclable cut waste.
Darüber hinaus weisen die zu beschichtenden Ober¬ flächen häufig große Unebenheiten, Lunkerstellen, etc. auf. Dies gilt insbesondere für Spanplatten.In addition, the surfaces to be coated often have large unevenness, blowholes, etc. This applies in particular to chipboard.
Eine derartige Oberflächenbeschaffenheit führt bei der Beschichtung mit einem der angegebenen Verfah¬ ren zu einer auffallend unruhigen, "buckeligen", welligen Materialoberfläche, die das Aussehen, bei¬ spielsweise des späteren Möbelstückes beeinträch¬ tigt. Um eine Verbesserung herbeizuführen, werden häufig dickere Kanten- beziehungsweise Beschich¬ tungsmaterialien benutzt, die in ausreichendem Maße die Unebenheiten der Oberfläche ausgleichen können und ein Durchscheinen (Telegraphieren) des Unter¬ grunds der Oberfläche vermeiden. Mit dem Anstieg der Materialdicke ist jedoch auch eine Vergrößerung der Rückstellkraft des gebogenen Beschichtungsmate- rials verbunden. Dies erfordert wiederum eine ver¬ längerte Andruckstrecke zur Verklebung eines sol¬ chen steiferen Beschichtungsmaterials. Im übrigen sind solche dickeren Beschichtungsmaterialien in der Regel teurer.Such a surface condition, when coated with one of the specified processes, leads to a strikingly unsteady, "humped", wavy material surface which adversely affects the appearance, for example of the later piece of furniture. In order to bring about an improvement, thicker edge or coating materials are often used which can sufficiently compensate for the unevenness of the surface and prevent the surface of the surface from showing through (telegraphing). However, the increase in the material thickness is also associated with an increase in the restoring force of the bent coating material. This in turn requires an extended pressure path for the bonding of such a stiffer coating material. In addition, such thicker coating materials are usually more expensive.
Auch bei den beschriebenen Postforming-Verfahren können diese Nachteile nicht ausgeräumt werden.Even with the postforming processes described, these disadvantages cannot be eliminated.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht des¬ halb darin, ein Verfahren, beziehungsweise eine Vorrichtung anzugeben, mit dem beziehungsweise mit der die zuvor genannten Nachteile beseitigt werden und eine Behandlung zur Glättung von Oberflächen auf einfache Weise möglich ist.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method or a device with which the aforementioned disadvantages are eliminated and a treatment for smoothing surfaces is possible in a simple manner.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren gelöst, das die in Anspruch 1 genannten Schritte umfaßt, und außerdem durch eine Vorrichtung, die die Merkmale des Anspruch 22 aufweist.This object is achieved by a method which comprises the steps mentioned in claim 1 and also by a device which has the features of claim 22.
Dadurch, daß ein formbares, nicht festes Beschich¬ tungsmaterial verwendet wird, läßt sich eine Ver¬ einfachung der Beschichtung im Gegensatz zu den vorgenannten Verfahren, beispielsweise des Umklap- pens eines Materialüberstandes, erzielen. Die ge¬ wünschte Glättung des aufgetragenen Beschichtungs¬ materials wird durch ein Glattungsband erzielt, das gegenüber Rollen oder Gleitschuhen einfach verwend¬ bar und daher kostengünstig ist. Die auf diese eise beschichtete Oberfläche ist nun für eine wei¬ tere Beschichtung vorbereitet. Aufgrund der hohen Güte kann sie jedoch auch so belassen werden.The fact that a mouldable, non-solid coating material is used means that the coating can be simplified in contrast to the aforementioned methods, for example by flipping over a material protrusion. The desired smoothing of the applied coating material is achieved by a smoothing tape which is easy to use compared to rollers or sliding shoes and is therefore inexpensive. The surface coated on this ice is now prepared for a further coating. Due to the high quality, it can also be left as it is.
Vorzugsweise wird das Beschichtungsmaterial mittels eines Transferbandes auf die Oberfläche aufge¬ bracht. Dabei ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß für den Auftrag des Materials keine an das Profil der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche angepaßte Auftragswalze notwendig ist. Insbesondere bei der Vielzahl von verschiedenen Kantenprofilen ist die Anfertigung solcher an die Profile angepaßter Auftragswalzen oder auch speziell angepaßter Auftragsdüsen zeitraubend und äußerst kostspielig. Überdies kön¬ nen nicht in kurzer Zeit verschiedene Profile be¬ schichtet werden. Vorzugsweise wird das Transfer- band auch als Glätteband benutzt, so daß auf Glät- tungswalzen beziehungsweise auf glättende Gleit¬ schuhe verzichtet werden kann. Ein weiterer Einspa¬ rungseffekt ist die Folge.The coating material is preferably applied to the surface by means of a transfer belt. The advantage here is that no application roller adapted to the profile of the surface to be coated is necessary for the application of the material. Especially with the large number of different edge profiles, the production of such application rollers adapted to the profiles or also specially adapted application nozzles is time-consuming and extremely expensive. Furthermore, different profiles cannot be coated in a short time. Preferably, the transfer band also used as a smoothing belt, so that smoothing rollers or smoothing shoes can be dispensed with. A further saving effect is the result.
Vorzugsweise wird der Auftrag des Beschichtungsma- terials auf die zu behandelnde Oberfläche durch Druckkraft bewerkstelligt. Eine geeignete Druckvor¬ richtung beaufschlagt das Band auf der nicht be¬ schichteten Seite mit einer Kraft, die das Andrük- ken der beschichteten Transferbandseite an die zu beschichtende Fläche bewirkt.The application of the coating material to the surface to be treated is preferably accomplished by compressive force. A suitable printing device applies a force to the belt on the non-coated side, which causes the coated transfer belt side to be pressed against the surface to be coated.
Eine Verbesserung des Materialauftrags wird durch zusätzliche Wärmebehandlung des Beschichtungsmate¬ rials erzielt. Vorzugsweise werden dafür Infrarot¬ strahler, Heißluftgebläse, Hochfrequenzstrahler oder ähnliches eingesetzt.An improvement in the material application is achieved by additional heat treatment of the coating material. Infrared radiators, hot air blowers, high-frequency radiators or the like are preferably used for this.
In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung des Verfahrens beziehungsweise der Vorrichtung wird das Beschich¬ tungsmaterial unmittelbar vor dem Auftrag auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche auf das Transferband aufgebracht. Der Auftrag erfolgt dabei vorzugsweise über eine entsprechende Auftragswalze oder eine Auftragsdüse, die das Material in einer einzustel¬ lenden Materialdicke auf das Transferband bringt. Bei der Bestimmung der Materialdicke ist es vor¬ teilhaft, diese im mittleren Bereich des Transfer¬ bandes zu erhöhen. Wie bereits beschrieben, sind insbesondere in diesem Bereich der zu beschichten¬ den Oberfläche die Unebenheiten am größten, so daß dort folglich mehr Material eingesetzt werden muß. In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausbildung der Er¬ findung wird das Transferband von der zu behandeln¬ den Oberfläche abgezogen, wobei das Material zuvor in die Poren der zu behandelnden Oberfläche einge¬ drungen und erstarrt ist, so daß dieses beim Abzie¬ hen des Transferbands nicht daran kleben bleibt.In a preferred development of the method or the device, the coating material is applied to the transfer belt on the surface to be coated immediately prior to application. The application is preferably carried out via a corresponding application roller or an application nozzle, which brings the material onto the transfer belt in a material thickness to be set. When determining the material thickness, it is advantageous to increase it in the middle area of the transfer belt. As already described, the unevenness is greatest in this area of the surface to be coated, so that consequently more material has to be used there. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the transfer ribbon is pulled off the surface to be treated, the material having previously penetrated and solidified in the pores of the surface to be treated, so that it does not adhere to it when the transfer ribbon is removed sticks.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird das abgezogene Transferband wieder zu der Auftrags¬ walze zurückgeführt, so daß die Verwendung eines Endlosbandes möglich ist.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the removed transfer belt is returned to the application roller, so that the use of an endless belt is possible.
Als besonders vorteilhaft haben sich thermoplasti¬ sche Materialien zur Beschichtung herausgestellt. Einerseits verbinden sie sich gut mit der Oberflä¬ che und andererseits sind sie leicht formbar bezie¬ hungsweise glättbar.Thermoplastic materials for coating have proven to be particularly advantageous. On the one hand, they bond well to the surface and, on the other hand, they are easily formable or smoothable.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind den Un¬ teransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous refinements can be found in the subclaims.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird beispielhaft anhand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf eine Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt die einzige Figur eine schematische Darstellung einer Transferbeschichtungsvorrichtung, anhand derer auch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beschrieben wird.The present invention is explained in more detail by way of example using several exemplary embodiments with reference to a drawing. The single figure shows a schematic representation of a transfer coating device, by means of which the method according to the invention is also described.
Eine zu bearbeitende Holzplatte, beziehungsweise eine Spanplatte 1 mit zwei profilierten Schmalflä¬ chen 3 liegt auf einem Transportband 5. Das Trans¬ portband 5 wird über geeignete, in der Figur nicht gezeigte Antriebseinheiten angetrieben und trans- portiert die Spanplatte l in die durch den Pfeil angedeutete Richtung, in der Zeichnung also von links nach rechts. Entlang des Transportbandes 5 sind in einer Druckzone 7 mehrere in einem Abstand zueinander liegende Druckvorrichtungen 9 angeord¬ net.A wooden plate to be processed, or a chipboard 1 with two profiled narrow surfaces 3, lies on a conveyor belt 5. The conveyor belt 5 is driven and transported by suitable drive units, not shown in the figure. ported the chipboard 1 in the direction indicated by the arrow, from left to right in the drawing. Along the conveyor belt 5, a plurality of printing devices 9 are arranged at a distance from one another in a printing zone 7.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich hierbei um Druck und/oder Gleitschuhe 9. Druckwalzen oder eine Kom¬ bination aus Druckwalzen und Gleitschuhen 9 können jedoch auch verwendet werden.These are preferably pressure and / or slide shoes 9. Pressure rollers or a combination of pressure rollers and slide shoes 9 can, however, also be used.
Von einer auch als Vorratsrolle bezeichneten Rolle 13 wird ein Transferband 11 abgewickelt, das die Druckzone 7 zwischen dem Transportband 5 bezie¬ hungsweise der Spanplatte 1 und der Druckvorrich¬ tung 9 durchläuft und von einer weiteren Rolle 15 wieder aufgewickelt wird. Die Antriebseinrichtung für den Transport des Transferbands 11 wirkt übli¬ cherweise mit der weiteren Rolle 15 zusammen.A transfer belt 11 is unwound from a roll 13, also referred to as a supply roll, which passes through the printing zone 7 between the transport belt 5 or the chipboard 1 and the printing device 9 and is rewound by a further roll 15. The drive device for the transport of the transfer belt 11 usually interacts with the further roller 15.
Da vorzugsweise die Transportgeschwindigkeit des Transferbands der Transportgeschwindigkeit der Spanplatte 1 entspricht, wird die Antriebsgeschwin¬ digkeit der weiteren Rolle 15 abhängig vom gewik- kelten Durchmesser eingestellt.Since the transport speed of the transfer belt preferably corresponds to the transport speed of the chipboard 1, the drive speed of the further roller 15 is set depending on the wound diameter.
Der Steuermechanismus für die weitere Rolle 15 kann entfallen, wenn anstelle des von der Rolle 13 abge¬ wickelten Transportbands ein endloses Transferband 11, das in der Figur strichpunktiert dargestellt ist, eingesetzt wird. Statt der beiden Rollen 13 und 15 sind in diesem Fall verschiedene Umlenkrol- Ien 17 notwendig, die das Transferband 11 nach Durchlaufen der Druckzone 7 wieder an den Anfang führen. Das endlose Transferband 11 wird von den zu beschichtenden Platten 1 mit gezogen; es kann auch ein separater Antrieb vorgesehen werden.The control mechanism for the further roller 15 can be omitted if an endless transfer belt 11, which is shown in broken lines in the figure, is used instead of the conveyor belt unwound from the roller 13. Instead of the two rollers 13 and 15, different deflection rollers are Ien 17 necessary to guide the transfer belt 11 back to the beginning after passing through the printing zone 7. The endless transfer belt 11 is drawn from the plates 1 to be coated; a separate drive can also be provided.
In Transportrichtung vor der Druckzone 7 ist am Transportweg des Transferbands 11 eine Auftragsdüse oder eine Auftragswalze 19 angeordnet. Ihr gegen¬ über befindet sich eine Anpreßvorrichtung 21, wobei das Transferband 11 zwischen diesen beiden Elemen¬ ten hindurchgeführt wird. In der Figur ist nicht dargestellt, daß die Auftragswalze 19 über ge¬ eignete mittels mit einem Beschichtungsmaterial, beispielsweise einem thermoplastischen Material versorgt wird. Die Auftragswalze 19 besitzt eine zum Auftrag von flieβfähigen Material geeignete Oberfläche, die gegebenenfalls Eindellungen, Rillen oder ähnliches aufweist, um die Materialauftrags¬ dicke über der Breite der Walze beziehungsweise des Transferbands zu verändern. Bei einer Auftragsdüse wird der Düsenschlitz entsprechend aufgeweitet oder verengt, um ebenfalls eine über die Breite variable Materialdicke zu erreichen.In the transport direction in front of the printing zone 7, an application nozzle or an application roller 19 is arranged on the transport path of the transfer belt 11. Opposite there is a pressing device 21, the transfer belt 11 being passed between these two elements. The figure does not show that the applicator roller 19 is supplied with a coating material, for example a thermoplastic material, by suitable means. The application roller 19 has a surface suitable for the application of flowable material, which may have indentations, grooves or the like in order to change the material application thickness over the width of the roller or the transfer belt. In the case of an application nozzle, the nozzle slot is widened or narrowed accordingly in order also to achieve a material thickness that is variable over the width.
Zwischen der Auftragswalze 19 und der Druckzone 7 ist eine Fixierwalze 23 vorgesehen, die das Trans¬ ferband 11 in einen ersten Haftkontakt mit der zu beschichtenden Schmalfläche 3 bringt.A fixing roller 23 is provided between the application roller 19 and the printing zone 7, which brings the transfer belt 11 into a first adhesive contact with the narrow surface 3 to be coated.
Entlang des Transportwegs des Tranferbands 11 ist eine Reinigungsvorrichtung 25 vorgesehen, die am Transferband 11 anhaftende Verunreinigungen ablöst. Diese könnten unter Umständen einen sauberen Mate¬ rialauftrag durch die Auftragswalze 19 verhindern.A cleaning device 25 is provided along the transport path of the transfer belt 11, which removes contaminants adhering to the transfer belt 11. Under certain circumstances, these could prevent a clean application of material by the application roller 19.
In der Zeichnung ist am Ende des Transportbands 5 schematisch ein Bearbeitungsbereich 27 dargestellt, in dem beispielsweise ein Nachschleifen der Kanten beziehungsweise das eigentliche Softforming- oder Postforming-Verfahren ausgeführt wird.In the drawing, at the end of the conveyor belt 5, a processing area 27 is shown schematically, in which, for example, the edges are reground or the actual softforming or postforming process is carried out.
Im folgenden wird nun das Verfahren der Transferbe- schichtung anhand der zuvor beschriebenen Anordnung näher erläutert:The method of transfer coating is now explained in more detail below using the arrangement described above:
Das aufzutragende, vorzugsweise fließfähige thermo¬ plastische Material wird über die Auftragswalze 19 auf eine Seite des Transferbands 11 aufgebracht. Da die zu beschichtenden Spanplatten 1 stückweise auf dem Transportband 5 transportiert werden, arbeitet die Auftragswalze 19 vorzugsweise intervallweise. Sie beginnt mit dem Auftrag dann, wenn die zu be¬ schichtende Spanplatte 1 noch einen Transportweg zur Fixierwalze 23 durchlaufen muß, der dem Trans¬ portweg des Transferbands 11 zur Fixierwalze 23 entspricht; somit trifft der Beginn des mit Mate¬ rial benetzten Transferbandabschnitts mit der vor¬ deren Kante der Spanplatte an der Fixierwalze 23 zusammen. Die Länge des benetzten Transferbandab¬ schnitts entspricht dabei der Kantenlänge der Schmalfläche 3. Eine solche Intervall-Steuerung ist sehr leicht über entsprechende Sensoren, beispiels¬ weise Lichtschranken, die an geeigneten Stellen an¬ geordnet sind, realisierbar. - 1 0 -The preferably flowable thermoplastic material to be applied is applied to one side of the transfer belt 11 via the application roller 19. Since the chipboard 1 to be coated is transported piece by piece on the conveyor belt 5, the application roller 19 preferably works at intervals. It begins with the application when the chipboard 1 to be coated still has to pass through a transport path to the fixing roller 23 which corresponds to the transport path of the transfer belt 11 to the fixing roller 23; thus the beginning of the transfer belt section wetted with material coincides with the front edge of the chipboard on the fixing roller 23. The length of the wetted transfer belt section corresponds to the edge length of the narrow surface 3. Such an interval control can be implemented very easily by means of appropriate sensors, for example light barriers, which are arranged at suitable locations. - 1 0 -
Die Anpreßvorrichtung 21 sorgt beim Auftrag des thermoplastischen Materials dafür, daß das Tranfer- band dem Druck der Auftragswalze nicht nachgibt oder ausweicht. Sie dient also als Widerlager.When the thermoplastic material is applied, the pressing device 21 ensures that the transfer belt does not give in or yield to the pressure of the application roller. So it serves as an abutment.
Die Fixierwalze 23 bringt anschließend das be¬ schichtete Transferband 11 in Kontakt mit der Schmalfläche 3, so daß eine erste Lagefixierung des Transferbands 11 auf der Schmalfläche 3 erfolgt.The fixing roller 23 then brings the coated transfer belt 11 into contact with the narrow surface 3 so that the transfer belt 11 is first fixed in position on the narrow surface 3.
Bei Eintritt der Spanplatte 1 in die Druckzone 7 wird vorzugsweise das Transferband 11 zunächst mit einer bestimmten, einstellbaren Kraft gegen den dem Druck beziehungsweise Gleitschuh am nächsten lie¬ genden Abschnitt der Schmalfläche 3 gedrückt. Die Andrück-/Anpreßkraft muß dabei so groß gewählt sein, daß das thermoplastische Material gut in die Poren der Schmalfläche 3 eindringt. Die dem ersten Druck- beziehungsweise Gleitschuh 9 folgenden wei¬ teren Druck- beziehungsweise Gleitschuhe sind so positioniert, daß bis zum Ende der Druckzone 7 auch die anderen Bereiche der Schmalfläche 3 mit einer Anpreßkraft beaufschlagt werden. Die Druck bezie¬ hungsweise Gleitschuhe sind vorzugsweise an die Kontur der Schmalfläche 3 angepaßt.When the chipboard 1 enters the pressure zone 7, the transfer belt 11 is preferably first pressed with a certain, adjustable force against the section of the narrow surface 3 closest to the pressure or sliding shoe. The pressing / pressing force must be chosen so large that the thermoplastic material penetrates well into the pores of the narrow surface 3. The further pressure or sliding shoes following the first pressure or sliding shoe 9 are positioned such that a pressure force is also applied to the other areas of the narrow surface 3 up to the end of the pressure zone 7. The pressure or sliding shoes are preferably adapted to the contour of the narrow surface 3.
In der Zeichnung sind lediglich schematisch Druck¬ beziehungsweise Gleitschuhe 9 eingezeichnet. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, Anpreßrollen alleine oder in Kombination mit Druck- beziehungsweise Gleitschuhen in der Druckzone zu verwenden. Die genaue Anordnung der einzelnen Druckelemente ist dem Durchschnitts- fachmann bekannt; auf eine ausführliche Erläuterung wird deshalb an dieser Stelle verzichtet.In the drawing, pressure or sliding shoes 9 are only shown schematically. However, it is also possible to use pressure rollers alone or in combination with pressure or sliding shoes in the pressure zone. The exact arrangement of the individual printing elements is based on the average professionally known; a detailed explanation is therefore not given here.
Die Länge der Druckzone 7 beziehungsweise die Transportgeschwindigkeit der Spanplatte 1 muß so ausgelegt sein, daß sich das auf die Schmalfläche 3 aufgebrachte thermoplastische Material bis zum Ver¬ lassen der Druckzone 7 verhärtet hat, um eine gute Verankerung des thermoplastischen Materials im Schmalflächengrund zu erreichen.The length of the pressure zone 7 or the transport speed of the chipboard 1 must be designed so that the thermoplastic material applied to the narrow surface 3 has hardened until the pressure zone 7 has been left in order to achieve good anchoring of the thermoplastic material in the narrow surface base.
Das Transferband 11 wird im Anschluß an die Druck¬ zone 7 von der Spanplatte 1 wieder abgezogen.The transfer belt 11 is pulled off the chipboard 1 after the printing zone 7.
Die Spanplatte 1 mit der beschichteten Schmalfläche 3 wird dann in den Bearbeitungsbereich 27 transpor¬ tiert, in dem die eigentliche Kantenanleimung im Softforming- beziehungsweise Postforming-Verfahren durchgeführt wird. Da das thermoplastische Material die ursprünglich vorhandenen Unebenheiten auf der Schmalfläche 3 ausgleicht und eine sehr glatte Oberfläche liefert, ist eine einwandfreie glatte endgültige Schmalflächenbeschichtung mit den ge¬ nannten bekannten Verfahren möglich.The chipboard 1 with the coated narrow surface 3 is then transported into the processing area 27, in which the actual edge banding is carried out using the softforming or postforming method. Since the thermoplastic material compensates for the unevenness originally present on the narrow surface 3 and provides a very smooth surface, a perfect smooth final narrow surface coating is possible using the known methods mentioned.
Die Wirkung der Druck- beziehungsweise Gleitschuhe 9 in der Druckzone 7 kann durch zusätzliche Wärme¬ einwirkung, beispielsweise durch Infrarotstrahler, Hochfrequenzstrahler oder Heißluftgebläse, gestei¬ gert werden. Durch die höhere Temperatur verbessert sich die Fließfähigkeit des thermoplastischen Mate¬ rials, so daß dieses besser und tiefer in die Poren der Schmalfläche 3 eindringen kann. Gleichzeitig oder auch vor Erreichen der Fixierwalze 23 kann auch die zu beschichtende Schmalfläche 3 der Span¬ platte l beispielsweise durch Infrarotstrahlung er¬ wärmt werden, wodurch sich der eben genannte Effekt noch verstärken läßt.The effect of the pressure or sliding shoes 9 in the pressure zone 7 can be increased by additional heat, for example by infrared radiators, high-frequency radiators or hot air blowers. The higher temperature improves the flowability of the thermoplastic material, so that it can penetrate better and deeper into the pores of the narrow surface 3. At the same time or even before the fixing roller 23 is reached, the narrow surface 3 of the particle board 1 to be coated can also be heated, for example by infrared radiation, which can further intensify the effect just mentioned.
Das thermoplastische Material selbst muß so be¬ schaffen sein, daß es bei den üblichen Gebrauch¬ stemperaturen von Möbeln, die üblicherweise zwi¬ schen -10* bis 100*C liegen, nicht erweicht und seine Festigkeit beibehält. Vorzugsweise wird der Erweichungspunkt so hoch gewählt, daß die bei ma¬ schinellem Glattschleifen oder Glattpolieren ent¬ stehende Reibungswärme nicht zu einer unerwünschten Erweichung (Plastifizierung) des thermoplastischen Materials führt. Das weichere thermoplastische Ma¬ terial würde in diesem Fall die Schleifbänder rela¬ tiv schnell verschmieren und damit vorzeitig un¬ brauchbar machen. Des weiteren darf auch der im beispielsweise anschließenden Softforming- bezie¬ hungsweise Postforming-Verfahren aufgebrachte heiße Schmelzklebstoff nicht zu einem hohen Erweichungs¬ grad und damit eventuell zu einer ungewollten Ver¬ formung des bei der Vorbehandlung der Schmalflächen aufgebrachten thermoplastischen Materials führen.The thermoplastic material itself must be such that it does not soften and maintain its strength at the usual usage temperatures of furniture, which are usually between -10 * to 100 * C. The softening point is preferably chosen to be so high that the frictional heat generated during machine smooth grinding or smooth polishing does not lead to undesired softening (plasticization) of the thermoplastic material. In this case, the softer thermoplastic material would smear the abrasive belts relatively quickly and thus render them unusable prematurely. Furthermore, the hot melt adhesive applied in the subsequent softforming or postforming process, for example, must not lead to a high degree of softening and thus possibly to an undesired deformation of the thermoplastic material applied during the pretreatment of the narrow surfaces.
Um zum Auftrag des thermoplastischen Materials auf das Transferband 11 handelsübliche Hotmelt-Auf- tragsgeräte verwenden zu können, sollte das thermo¬ plastische Material in einem Temperaturbereich von 150* - 250'C, vorzugsweise 180* - 230*C ausreichend fließfähig sein. Eine gute Fließfähigkeit des Mate¬ rials ist insofern wichtig, als es dadurch das Transferband besser benetzen kann, besser auf die zu beschichtende Schmalfläche 3 auftragbar ist und darüber hinaus besser in die Poren der Spanplatte eindringen kann. Um ein zu starkes Eindringen zu vermeiden, wird die der Schmalseite abgewandte Seite der Beschichtung beziehungsweise des Trans¬ portbandes gekühlt, beispielsweise mittels einer Kaltluftdusche oder einer Kühlwalze. Damit erstarrt der das Transportband berührende Teil der Beschich- tungsmasse sehr rasch, so daß weniger in die Ober¬ fläche "absackt".In order to be able to use commercially available hotmelt applicators to apply the thermoplastic material to the transfer belt 11, the thermoplastic material should be sufficiently flowable in a temperature range of 150 * - 250'C, preferably 180 * - 230 * C. Good flowability of the material is important insofar as it does so Can better wet transfer ribbon, can be better applied to the narrow surface 3 to be coated and can also penetrate better into the pores of the particle board. In order to avoid excessive penetration, the side of the coating or the conveyor belt facing away from the narrow side is cooled, for example by means of a cold air shower or a cooling roller. As a result, the part of the coating composition touching the conveyor belt solidifies very quickly, so that there is less "sagging" into the surface.
Durch die Auswahl eines Material, das relativ schnell erstarrt, kann die notwendige Verweildauer der Spanplatte 1 in der Druckzone 7 verkürzt wer¬ den. Im übrigen läßt sich das Transferband 11 von einem vollständig erstarrten Material besser abzie¬ hen.By selecting a material that solidifies relatively quickly, the necessary dwell time of the chipboard 1 in the pressure zone 7 can be shortened. In addition, the transfer belt 11 can be better removed from a completely solidified material.
Das thermoplastische Material soll des weiteren klebefreudig sein, das heißt, daß das thermoplasti¬ sche Material zu dem in späteren Verfahren aufge¬ brachten Klebstoff eine hohe Affinität besitzt. Vorzugsweise sind als thermoplastische Materialien Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymere (EVA) , Polyamide, Polyester, sogenannte Polyolefine (ataktische Poly- alpha-olefine) und thermoplastische Polyurethane (TPU) entweder alleine oder als Compounds (Mi¬ schung) einsetzbar, wobei EVA und Polyester nur als Compounds vermischt mit weiteren Stoffen eingesetzt werden. Auch reaktive Thermoplasten, wie beispiels¬ weise Isocyamat-endständiges PUR-Präpolymer, sind neben 2-Komponenten-Systemen auf Epoxid/Amin-Basis oder UV-vernetzenden Systemen auf der Basis von Acrylat, Methacrylat oder ungesättigter Polyester einsetzbar als Duroplaste.The thermoplastic material should also be easy to stick, which means that the thermoplastic material has a high affinity for the adhesive applied in later processes. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), polyamides, polyesters, so-called polyolefins (atactic poly-alpha-olefins) and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) can preferably be used as thermoplastic materials either alone or as compounds (mixture), EVA and polyester can only be used as compounds mixed with other substances. In addition to 2-component systems based on epoxy / amine, reactive thermoplastics, such as isocyanate-terminated PUR prepolymer, are also or UV-curing systems based on acrylate, methacrylate or unsaturated polyester can be used as thermosets.
Als weitere geeignete Beschichtungsmaterialien ha¬ ben sich mineralische Spachtelmassen herausge¬ stellt, die feucht aufgetragen werden und schnell aushärten. So gibt es beispielsweise zementäre, Gips- und gipsverwandte Pulvermaterialien, die nach Anrühren mit Wasser sehr rasch aushärten. Solche anorganischen Pulver können zur Elastifizierung auch mit dispersionshaltigen Anrührflüssigkeiten gemischt werden. Zur kontinuierlichen Applikation können solche Pulver zum Beispiel in einem Schnek- kenextruder mit der wässrigen Anrührflüssigkeit ge¬ mischt und sofort danach auf das Transferband auf¬ getragen werden, wobei die Zeit der Mischung und Applikation innerhalb der Abbindezeit der Transfer¬ masse liegen muß. Zum schnelleren Erhärten speziell der obersten, dem Transferband zugewandten Schicht kann auch Wärme in der Druckzone zugeführt werden, zum Beispiel mittels beheizter Druckrollen oder Druckschuhe.Mineral fillers, which are applied wet and harden quickly, have emerged as further suitable coating materials. For example, there are cementitious, gypsum and gypsum-related powder materials that harden very quickly after mixing with water. Such inorganic powders can also be mixed with dispersion-containing mixing liquids for elasticization. For continuous application, such powders can be mixed with the aqueous mixing liquid in a screw extruder, for example, and applied immediately afterwards to the transfer belt, the time of mixing and application having to be within the setting time of the transfer mass. For faster hardening, especially the uppermost layer facing the transfer belt, heat can also be supplied in the pressure zone, for example by means of heated pressure rollers or pressure shoes.
Selbstverständlich sind auch andere Beschichtungs¬ materialien denkbar.Of course, other coating materials are also conceivable.
Das für das Beschichtungsmaterial als Träger die¬ nende Transferband muß genügend flexibel sein, um mittels der Druckschuhe 9, beziehungsweise Druck¬ rollen, gut an die Kontur der Schmalfläche 3 an¬ schmiegbar zu sein. Das Transferband 11 muß des weiteren hitzestabil sein, so daß es sich bei den hohen Auftragstemperaturen des thermoplastischen Materials nicht dauerhaft verformt. Im übrigen sollte es auch auf eine schnelle Abfolge von Erwär¬ mung und Abkühlung, wie sie insbesondere bei der Verwendung als Endlosband auftritt, unempfindlich sein.The transfer belt that serves as the carrier for the coating material must be sufficiently flexible so that it can be snugly conformed to the contour of the narrow surface 3 by means of the pressure shoes 9 or pressure rollers. The transfer belt 11 must also be heat stable so that it is in the high application temperatures of the thermoplastic material are not permanently deformed. Moreover, it should also be insensitive to a rapid sequence of heating and cooling, as occurs in particular when used as an endless belt.
Als besonders gute Materialien haben sich bei¬ spielsweise Polypropylen, Polyester, Silikon, aber auch bestimmte handelsübliche duroplastische Kan¬ tenbänder auf Papierbasis herausgestellt. All die¬ sen Materialien ist gemeinsam, daß sie eine genü¬ gend geringe Affinität zum thermoplastischen Mate¬ rial besitzen, so daß das Transferband leicht von der fertig vorbehandelten Spanplatte abziehbar ist.Polypropylene, polyester, silicone, but also certain commercially available thermosetting edging tapes based on paper, for example, have proven to be particularly good materials. All these materials have in common that they have a sufficiently low affinity for the thermoplastic material, so that the transfer belt can be easily removed from the pre-treated chipboard.
Wie zuvor bereits beschrieben, muß das thermopla¬ stische Material zu einem in späteren Verfahren aufgebrachten Schmelzklebstoff eine große Affinität besitzen, so daß eine gute Verbindung der beiden Materialien erzielt wird. Eine Verbesserung dieses Klebeverbunds läßt sich dadurch erreichen, daß das auf die Schmalfläche 3 aufgetragene thermoplasti¬ sche Material vor dem Aufbringen des Kantenbands beziehungsweise vor oder während des Umbiegens des überstehenden Beschichtungsmaterials beim Postfor¬ ming-Verfahren erwärmt wird, beispielsweise durch Infrarotstrahlung oder durch eine Heißluftdusche. Das Erwärmen bewirkt eine Verflüssigung/ Plastifizierung der zumindest obersten Schicht des thermoplastischen Materials, wodurch der Verschmel¬ zungsprozeß der obersten Schicht des thermoplasti¬ schen Materials mit dem auf dem Kantenmaterial auf- gebrachten Schmelzklebstoff gefördert wird und zu einer besseren Haftung des Kantenmaterials führt. Hierbei ist jedoch darauf zu achten, daß sich das thermoplastische Material nicht zu sehr verflüssigt und verformt .As previously described, the thermoplastic material must have a high affinity for a hotmelt adhesive applied in later processes, so that a good bond between the two materials is achieved. An improvement of this adhesive bond can be achieved by heating the thermoplastic material applied to the narrow surface 3 before applying the edge band or before or during the bending of the excess coating material in the post-forming process, for example by infrared radiation or by a hot air shower . The heating causes a liquefaction / plasticization of the at least uppermost layer of the thermoplastic material, as a result of which the process of fusing the uppermost layer of the thermoplastic material with that on the edge material brought hot melt adhesive is promoted and leads to better adhesion of the edge material. Care must be taken to ensure that the thermoplastic material does not liquefy and deform too much.
Im Wege der zuvor beschriebenen Erwärmung der zu¬ mindest obersten Schicht des thermoplastischen Ma¬ terials und dessen Verflüssigung, kann dieses Mate¬ rial als Ersatz des auf dem Kantenband aufgetrage¬ nen Klebstoffs dienen; das heißt, daß das thermo¬ plastische Material auch als Klebstoff herangezogen werden kann. Voraussetzung dafür ist jedoch, daß die Schmalfläche vollständig oder zumindest alle für einen guten Klebverbund kritischen Stellen der Schmalfläche mit dem thermoplastischen Material be¬ deckt sind, und daß das Kantenmaterial eine geringe Steifigkeit und ein geringes Rückstellvermögen be¬ sitzt.By heating the at least uppermost layer of the thermoplastic material as described above and liquefying it, this material can serve as a substitute for the adhesive applied to the edge band; this means that the thermoplastic material can also be used as an adhesive. A prerequisite for this, however, is that the narrow surface be completely or at least all the critical areas of the narrow surface that are critical for a good adhesive bond are covered with the thermoplastic material, and that the edge material has low rigidity and low resilience.
Im übrigen kann die Qualität des auf die Schmalflä¬ che 3 aufgebrachten thermoplastischen Materials so gewählt werden, daß eine damit vorbehandelte bezie¬ hungsweise beschichtete Schmalfläche ohne weitere Nachbearbeitung bereits lackiert oder mit einer Heißprägefolie beschichtet werden kann.For the rest, the quality of the thermoplastic material applied to the narrow surface 3 can be selected so that a narrow surface that has been pretreated or coated with it can already be coated or coated with a hot stamping foil without further finishing.
Letztlich hat sich herausgestellt, daß auch ein schmelzbarer Kunststoff als Ersatz des thermopla¬ stischen Materials eingesetzt werden kann. Dieser schmelzbare Kunststoff erstarrt nach dem Beschich¬ ten wie ein üblicher Thermoplast physikalisch, wird dann aber auf chemischem Wege zu einem Duroplasten, zum Beispiel unter Wärme- oder Feuchtigkeitseinwir¬ kung, vernetzt. Solche schmelzbaren vernetzenden Kunststoffe sind beispielsweise als reaktive Schmelzklebstoffe auf Polyurethan-Basis bekannt. Die derartig ausreagierte erstarrte Beschichtungs¬ masse ist wärme-, wasser- und stoßfest sowie che¬ misch resistent.Ultimately, it has been found that a meltable plastic can also be used as a replacement for the thermoplastic material. After melting, this meltable plastic physically solidifies like a conventional thermoplastic, but then chemically becomes a thermoset. for example under the influence of heat or moisture. Such meltable crosslinking plastics are known, for example, as reactive hotmelt adhesives based on polyurethane. The solidified coating composition which has reacted in this way is heat-, water- and shockproof and chemically resistant.
Dem Beschichtungsmaterial lassen sich auch Farbpig¬ mente zumischen, so daß auf diese Weise eine ge¬ brauchsfertige Kante mit gewünschter Farbe erziel- bar ist. Selbstverständlich kann die vernetzte Be¬ schichtungsmasse auch lackiert werden, wobei jedoch ein Lacksystem gewählt werden muß, dessen Lösemit¬ tel die noch nicht ausgehärtete Beschichtungsmasse nicht aufquellen läßt oder sogar auflöst. Hier bie¬ tet sich ein Lacksystem auf Wasserbasis an.Colored pigments can also be added to the coating material, so that a ready-to-use edge with the desired color can be achieved in this way. Of course, the crosslinked coating composition can also be coated, although a coating system must be selected whose solvent does not swell or even dissolve the coating composition which has not yet cured. A water-based paint system is suitable here.
Soll die Beschichtungsmasse nach der Aushärtung eine optisch gefällige Struktur, beispielsweise eine Holzmaserstruktur, aufweisen, so ist die noch nicht vernetzte Beschichtungsmasse mit Hilfe von Prägewalzen zu bearbeiten. Die Prägewalzen müssen jedoch eine abhäsive Oberfläche besitzen, damit sie sich leicht von der Beschichtungsmasse ablösen und diese nicht beschädigen.If the coating composition should have an optically pleasing structure after hardening, for example a wood grain structure, the coating composition which has not yet been crosslinked is to be processed with the aid of embossing rollers. However, the embossing rollers must have an adhesive surface so that they can easily detach from the coating material and not damage it.
Neben dem zuvor beschriebenen Beschichtungsverfah- ren ist es auch möglich, das Beschichtungsmaterial direkt auf die Oberfläche mittels geeigneter Auf¬ tragsvorrichtungen, wie beispielsweise einer Auf¬ tragswalze oder einer Auftragsdüse, aufzutragen und erst anschließend mit Hilfe eines umlaufenden Glät- tungsbandes zu glätten. Soll darüberhinaus besonders viel Material aufgetragen werden, so lassen sich beide Verfahren auch kombinieren, wobei zunächst eine Auftragsvorrichtung eine erste Materialmenge aufträgt und das zuvor beschriebene Transferband die zweite Materialmenge. Die Glättung erfolgt dabei wiederum durch das Transferband.In addition to the coating method described above, it is also possible to apply the coating material directly to the surface by means of suitable application devices, such as, for example, an application roller or an application nozzle, and only then using a rotating smoothing device. smoothing tape. If, in addition, a particularly large amount of material is to be applied, the two methods can also be combined, with an application device first applying a first amount of material and the transfer belt described above the second amount of material. The smoothing is again done by the transfer belt.
Das beschriebene Beschichtungsverfahren ist insbesondere für Holzwerkstoffe, wie Massivholz, Spanplatten oder MDF (Medium Densitive Fiber) einsetzbar. Es kann jedoch auch bei Kunststoffmaterialien oder Metallen eine Beschichtung mit Hilfe des beschriebenen Verfahrens vorgenommen werden.The coating method described can be used in particular for wood-based materials such as solid wood, particle board or MDF (Medium Densitive Fiber). However, coating of plastic materials or metals can also be carried out using the method described.
Neben der Glättung von Oberflächen bietet das Beschichtungsmaterial auch Schutz vor mechanischer Beanspruchung. So können beispielsweise Metallschienen an den Kanten von Betonschalungsbrettern durch eine Beschichtung mit einem Material ersetzt werden, das zu einem Duroplasten aushärtet. Selbstverständlich sind auch andere Anwendungsgebiete denkbar.In addition to smoothing surfaces, the coating material also offers protection against mechanical stress. For example, metal rails on the edges of concrete formwork boards can be replaced by a coating with a material that hardens to form a thermoset. Of course, other areas of application are also conceivable.
So kann auf die geglättete Schmalfläche einer Holzwerkstoffplatte, speziell einer Spanplatte, ein Streifen eines farbigen, dekorativen Harz-imprägnierten Papieres kaschiert werden, und zwar unter Druck und Wärme in der Weise, daß das Harz zerfließt und zu einem irreversiblen Duroplasten aushärtet. Das Imprägnierharz kann aus z.B. reinem Melaminharz oder Melamin- /Harnstoffharz-Verschnitten bestehen. Solche imprägnierten Papiere werden in der Spanplattenindustrie zum Direktbeschichten von Holzwerkstoffplatten in verschiedenen Pressen - Mehretagen-, Kurztakt-, Kontipressen - eingesetzt. Wenn das gleiche Harz-imprägnierte Papier sowohl zum Beschichten der Ober- und Unterseite (Breitflächen) wie auch zum Kaschieren der geglätteten Schmalfläche der Holzwerkstoffplatte verwendet wird, dann erhält man Werkstücke, die rundherum an allen Flächen das gleiche duroplastische Oberflächenmaterial aufweisen. A strip of colored, decorative resin-impregnated paper can be laminated onto the smoothed narrow surface of a wood-based panel, especially a chipboard, under pressure and heat in such a way that the resin flows away and cures to form an irreversible thermoset. The impregnation resin can be made from e.g. pure melamine resin or melamine / urea resin blends. Such impregnated papers are used in the chipboard industry for the direct coating of wood-based panels in various presses - multi-day, short-cycle, continuous presses. If the same resin-impregnated paper is used both for coating the top and bottom (wide surfaces) and for laminating the smoothed narrow surface of the wood-based panel, then you get workpieces that have the same thermosetting surface material on all surfaces.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Verfahren zur Behandlung von Oberfläche, ins¬ besondere schmalen Oberfläche, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß ein formbares Beschichtungsmaterial auf die Oberfläche aufgebracht wird und daß das aufge¬ brachte Beschichtungsmaterial mittels eines an der Oberfläche vorbeilaufenden Bandes anschließend ge¬ glättet und/oder geprägt und/oder modelliert wird.1. A method for treating a surface, in particular a narrow surface, characterized in that a moldable coating material is applied to the surface and that the coating material applied is then smoothed and / or embossed by means of a belt running past the surface and / or is modeled.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß das Beschichtungsmaterial mittels ei¬ nes Transferbandes auf die Oberfläche aufgebracht wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating material is applied to the surface by means of a transfer belt.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß das Beschichtungsmaterial mittels einer Auftragswalze und/oder einer Auftragsdüse aufgebracht wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized ge indicates that the coating material is applied by means of an application roller and / or an application nozzle.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß das Transferband zusätzlich als Glät¬ teband verwendet wird.4. The method according to claim 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the transfer belt is additionally used as a smoothing tape.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 4, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, daß das Transferband (11) einseitig mit dem Beschichtungsmaterial beschichtet wird, und beim Behandeln der Oberfläche eine Druckkraft auf die nicht mit dem Beschichtungsmaterial versehene Seite des Transferbands (11) aufgebracht wird. 5. The method according to claim 2 or 4, characterized ge indicates that the transfer belt (11) is coated on one side with the coating material, and when treating the surface, a compressive force is applied to the side of the transfer belt (11) not provided with the coating material.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Beschich¬ tungsmaterial unter Wärmeeinwirkung auf das Trans¬ ferband (11) und/oder die Oberfläche (3) aufge¬ bracht wird.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating material is applied to the transfer band (11) and / or the surface (3) under the action of heat.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Beschich¬ tungsmaterial unmittelbar vor der Vorbehandlung der Oberfläche (3) , vorzugsweise mittels einer Auf¬ tragsdüse oder -walze (19) , auf das Transferband (11) aufgebracht wird.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating material is applied to the transfer belt (11) immediately before the pretreatment of the surface (3), preferably by means of an application nozzle or roller (19) .
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die der Ober¬ fläche (3) abgewandte Seite des Transferbandes (11) gekühlt wird.8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface (3) facing away from the side of the transfer belt (11) is cooled.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Transfer¬ band (11) nach der Behandlung der Oberfläche (3) von dieser abgezogen wird.9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transfer belt (11) is removed from the surface (3) after the treatment thereof.
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Transfer¬ band (11) ein Endlosband verwendet wird.10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an endless belt is used as the transfer belt (11).
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Beschich¬ tungsmaterial eine mineralische Spachtelmasse ein¬ gesetzt wird. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mineral filler is used as the coating material.
12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Beschichtungsmate¬ rial ein thermoplastisches Material eingesetzt wird.12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a thermoplastic material is used as coating material.
13. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein thermopla¬ stisches Material verwendet wird, dessen Erwei¬ chungspunkt über der üblichen Gebrauchstemperatur der Oberfläche liegt, vorzugsweise über 100*C.13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a thermoplastic material is used, the softening point of which is above the usual use temperature of the surface, preferably above 100 ° C.
14. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das thermopla¬ stische Material in einem Temperaturbereich von 150*C bis 250*C, vorzugsweise 180'C bis 230*c, fließfähig wird.14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic material in a temperature range of 150 * C to 250 * C, preferably 180'C to 230 * c, is flowable.
15. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das thermopla¬ stische Material eine hohe Affinität zu Klebstoff aufweist.15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic material has a high affinity for adhesive.
16. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als thermopla¬ stisches Material Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymere (EVA) , Polyamide, Polyester, sogenannte Polyolefine (ataktische Poly-alpha-olefine) und/oder thermopla¬ stische Polyurethane (TPU) entweder alleine oder als Compound verwendet werden.16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic material is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), polyamides, polyesters, so-called polyolefins (atactic poly-alpha-olefins) and / or thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) can be used either alone or as a compound.
17. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Beschich¬ tungsmaterial ein reaktiver Thermoplast verwendet wird, insbesondere ein feuchtigkeitsvernetzendes Isocyanat-endständiges PUR-Präpolymer oder ein 2- Komponenten-System auf der Basis von Epoxid/Amin oder ein UV-vernetzendes System auf der Basis von Acrylat, Medacrylat oder ungesättigter Polyester, wobei der reaktive Thermoplast zu einem Duroplasten vernetzt.17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a reactive thermoplastic is used as the coating material is, in particular a moisture-crosslinking isocyanate-terminated PUR prepolymer or a two-component system based on epoxy / amine or a UV-crosslinking system based on acrylate, medacrylate or unsaturated polyester, the reactive thermoplastic crosslinking to form a thermoset .
18. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Transfer¬ band (11) ein hitzebeständiges Band mit hoher Fle¬ xibilität benutzt wird.18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heat-resistant tape with high flexibility is used as the transfer tape (11).
19. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest eine Seite des Transferbands (11) mit dem thermoplasti¬ schen Material gut benetzbar ist.19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one side of the transfer belt (11) is readily wettable with the thermoplastic material.
20. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Transfer¬ band Polypropylen, Polyester, Silikon und/oder du¬ roplastische Kantenbänder verwendet werden.20. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that polypropylene, polyester, silicone and / or thermoplastic edge bands are used as the transfer band.
21. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß statt einem thermoplastischen Material ein schmelzbarer Kunst¬ stoff, insbesondere ein reaktiver Schmelzklebstoff auf Polyurethan-Basis, verwendet wird, der zunächst nach dem Beschichten physikalisch erstarrt und dann auf chemischem Wege zu einem Duroplasten vernetzt wird. 21. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that instead of a thermoplastic material a meltable plastic, in particular a reactive hot melt adhesive based on polyurethane, is used, which initially solidifies physically after coating and then chemically is crosslinked with a thermoset.
22. Vorrichtung zur Vorbehandlung von Oberflächen, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21, gekennzeichnet durch eine Transfervorrichtung, die ein Beschichtungsma¬ terial auf die Oberfläche aufbringt und eine Glät- tungsvorrichtung, die das aufgebrachte Beschich¬ tungsmaterial glättet.22. Device for pretreating surfaces, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized by a transfer device which applies a coating material to the surface and a smoothing device which smoothes the applied coating material.
23. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 22, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Transfervorrichtung ein das Be¬ schichtungsmaterial aufnehmendes Transferband (11) aufweist, das das Beschichtungsmaterial auf die Oberfläche überträgt.23. The device according to claim 22, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the transfer device has a coating material receiving the coating material (11) which transfers the coating material to the surface.
24. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 22, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Transfervorrichtung Auftragwalzen und/oder Auftragdüsen zum Auftrag des Beschich- tungsmaterials aufweist.24. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the transfer device has application rollers and / or application nozzles for applying the coating material.
25. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 22 bis25. The device according to any one of claims 22 to
24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Glättungsvor- richtung ein Glätteband und/oder ein Gleitschuhe umfaßt.24, characterized in that the smoothing device comprises a smoothing belt and / or a sliding block.
26. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 22 bis26. Device according to one of claims 22 to
25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Glätteband das Transferband ist.25, characterized in that the smoothing belt is the transfer belt.
27. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 26, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Druckvorrichtung (9) Druckrollen, Druck- und/oder Gleitschuhe (9) aufweist.27. The apparatus according to claim 26, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the printing device (9) pressure rollers, pressure and / or sliding shoes (9).
28. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 25 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Transportvor- richtung eine Wärmequelle aufweist, die das Trans¬ ferband (11) und das Beschichtungsmaterial vor und/oder während der Druckbeaufschlagung erwärmt.28. Device according to one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the transport pre- has a heat source which heats the transfer belt (11) and the coating material before and / or during the pressurization.
29. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 25 bis 28, gekennzeichnet durch eine Auftragsvorrichtung (19) , die -in Transportrichtung- vor der Druckvor¬ richtung (9) angeordnet ist und das thermoplasti¬ sche Material auf das Transferband (11) aufbringt.29. Device according to one of claims 25 to 28, characterized by an application device (19), which is arranged in the transport direction in front of the printing device (9) and applies the thermoplastic material to the transfer belt (11).
30. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 29, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Auftragsvorrichtung zumindest eine Auftragswalze (19) und/oder eine Auftragsdüse aufweist, die das thermoplastische Material auf das an der Auftragswalze und/oder -düse entlanggeführte Transferband (11) aufträgt.30. The device according to claim 29, characterized in that the application device has at least one application roller (19) and / or an application nozzle which applies the thermoplastic material to the transfer belt (11) guided along the application roller and / or nozzle.
31. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 29 oder 30, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auftragsvorrichtung (19) derart ausgestaltet ist, daß sich eine über die Breite des Transferbands (11) unterschiedliche Auf¬ tragsdicke des thermoplastischen Materials ergibt.31. The device according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that the application device (19) is designed such that there is a different application thickness of the thermoplastic material over the width of the transfer belt (11).
32. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 31, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Auftragswalze (19) zur Erzielung einer größeren Auftragsdicke auf dem Transferband (11) entsprechende Vertiefungen auf der Walzenober¬ fläche aufweist und/oder daß die Auftragsdüse an den entsprechenden Stellen des Düsenschlitzes Auf¬ weitungen aufweist.32. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that the application roller (19) has corresponding depressions on the roller surface in order to achieve a greater application thickness on the transfer belt (11) and / or that the application nozzle is open at the corresponding points on the nozzle slot ¬ has expansions.
33. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 27 bis 32, gekennzeichnet durch eine Abziehvorrichtung, die das Transferband (11) nach der Vorbehandlung von der Oberfläche abzieht.33. Device according to one of claims 27 to 32, characterized by a pulling device, which removes the transfer belt (11) from the surface after the pretreatment.
34. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 22 bis 33, gekennzeichnet durch eine Transportvorrichtung, die das Transferband (11) durch die Druckzone (7) transportiert, in der die Oberfläche (3) vorbehan¬ delt wird.34. Device according to one of claims 22 to 33, characterized by a transport device which transports the transfer belt (11) through the pressure zone (7), in which the surface (3) is pretreated.
35. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 34, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Transportvorrichtung so ausgebil¬ det ist, daß ein endloses Transferband (11) ver¬ wendbar ist. 35. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the transport device is designed such that an endless transfer belt (11) can be used.
EP95940241A 1994-11-29 1995-11-24 Device and method for the treatment of surfaces Expired - Lifetime EP0794855B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4442397 1994-11-29
DE4442397 1994-11-29
PCT/EP1995/004642 WO1996016777A1 (en) 1994-11-29 1995-11-24 Device and method for the treatment of surfaces

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EP0794855A1 true EP0794855A1 (en) 1997-09-17
EP0794855B1 EP0794855B1 (en) 2000-06-14

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EP (1) EP0794855B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE193856T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2206419A1 (en)
DE (2) DE19543901A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0794855T3 (en)
FI (1) FI972260A0 (en)
WO (1) WO1996016777A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6180172B1 (en) 2001-01-30
WO1996016777A1 (en) 1996-06-06
CA2206419A1 (en) 1996-06-06
EP0794855B1 (en) 2000-06-14
DE59508476D1 (en) 2000-07-20
FI972260A (en) 1997-05-28
ATE193856T1 (en) 2000-06-15
DE19543901A1 (en) 1996-05-30
DK0794855T3 (en) 2000-11-06
FI972260A0 (en) 1997-05-28

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