EP0785809A1 - Procede et dispositif de lutte aerienne contre des incendies - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de lutte aerienne contre des incendies

Info

Publication number
EP0785809A1
EP0785809A1 EP96938907A EP96938907A EP0785809A1 EP 0785809 A1 EP0785809 A1 EP 0785809A1 EP 96938907 A EP96938907 A EP 96938907A EP 96938907 A EP96938907 A EP 96938907A EP 0785809 A1 EP0785809 A1 EP 0785809A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
helicopter
explosive
bag
source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96938907A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Winfried Rosenstock
Egon Karp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Karp Egon
ROSENSTOCK, WINFRIED
Original Assignee
Karp Egon
Rosenstock Winfried
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Karp Egon, Rosenstock Winfried filed Critical Karp Egon
Publication of EP0785809A1 publication Critical patent/EP0785809A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0228—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft
    • A62C3/0235—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft by means of containers, e.g. buckets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0228—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft
    • A62C3/025—Fire extinguishing bombs; Projectiles and launchers therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D1/00—Dropping, ejecting, releasing, or receiving articles, liquids, or the like, in flight
    • B64D1/16—Dropping or releasing powdered, liquid, or gaseous matter, e.g. for fire-fighting

Definitions

  • a large part of the water used seeps away unused in the ground or remains in the form of large pools inaccessible to the ground for every further extinguishing operation. This applies to the use of air support as well as that of fire engines.
  • the object of the invention is to improve fire fighting from the air in such a way that both a significantly higher extinguishing effect of the water used and a considerable increase in the fire area extinguished with such a single use of air are achieved, in detail with an inherent immanent improved target accuracy and the possibility of guaranteeing the extinguishing personnel required for air operations a maximum security standard.
  • the extinguishing water is introduced into the source of the fire by means of aircraft, preferably helicopters, by passing it just above the source of the fire Blasting into a cloud-like mist from microscopic droplets being atomized.
  • This method is preferably practiced in such a way that a container filled with the extinguishing water with a burstable wall, in which an explosive charge with a detonator is arranged inside the extinguishing water, is blown up just above the source of the fire.
  • the container is preferably a teardrop-shaped or bubble-shaped sack made of plastic, which is also referred to below as an “explosive sack”.
  • the explosive bag can be brought to the site of the explosion just above the source of the fire by means of the helicopter hanging from a long tether and then detonated. However, it is exposed to the heat of the fire for a relatively long time, with the risk that it can be damaged and lose water even before the ignition. Fundamental safety regulations can also conflict with the detonation of a load hanging on the helicopter. It is therefore advisable to uncouple the explosive bag hanging from the helicopter with the tether on the helicopter in a safe position far above the source of the fire, to let it fall towards the source of the fire in free fall and then to ignite just above the source of the fire.
  • the invention places airborne fire fighting on a completely new basis.
  • the extinguishing water is introduced in finely divided form.
  • high pressures e.g. of several thousand bars
  • the resulting lack of oxygen in the extinguishing cloud has a suffocating effect on the fire. Since the temperature in the area of the suddenly nebulized fire is simultaneously forced to a comparatively low value, the formation of flammable vapors, for example from essential oils, resins or other outgassing of the wood, is brought to a standstill and the ignition temperature is reduced to ( Backfiring of these vapors or combustible organic materials (wood) falls below. Together, this leads to a spontaneous extinguishing success, which enables ground-based extinguishing personnel to enter the extinguished source of fire and carry out post-extinguishing work, for example to knock out remaining fire nests with fire slips.
  • a water cloud of 30 m radius wets a floor area of approximately 2,800 m 2 , which corresponds to an average heat of evaporation of approximately 789 KJ / m 2 required for the evaporation of the water. It can therefore be assumed that there is a disproportionately large excess of heat that can be absorbed by the finely atomized water, which leads to a sudden extinction of almost 3000 m 2 of burning forest, if one also considers that heat is also required to heat the water to boiling temperature. Such a large extinguishing efficiency is not yet known. There is no risk of danger to people and material if the method according to the invention is handled appropriately.
  • a highly explosive, modern explosive is preferably used for the explosive charge, which is water-resistant, can be stored almost indefinitely and is hardly combustible. The latter property is important for use in the immediate vicinity of the fire.
  • Such modern explosives also tolerate strong mechanical influences and are therefore insensitive to knocks and bumps even in rough operation. In addition, they have good handling safety so that the risk of accidents due to unintentional, early ignition can almost be excluded.
  • an explosive sack filled with 1000 l of water and provided with 3 kg of such a highly explosive explosive charge was dropped from a height of 150 m from a helicopter without prior activation of the detonator, without the explosive detonating on impact. A danger to extinguishing personnel and the environment is thus avoided with such an unwanted, early release of the explosive bag.
  • the use of the method according to the invention in combating forest and wildfires is ecologically harmless.
  • the extinguishing insert leaves hardly any traces, on the other hand, due to the high extinguishing efficiency, the destruction of biological substance that is completely avoidable in no forest or wildfire is reduced to a minimum.
  • There is no additional impairment of the eco-system such as, for example, due to soil damage when using ground explosive devices.
  • the equipment of the explosive bags with extinguishing water, explosive charge, detonator and tether, as well as the setting of the detonator can be made in the absence of the helicopter "in stock" and at a safe distance from the fire site, so that, on the one hand, the time for an operation on the pure flight ⁇ time and the very short loading time is limited, on the other hand maximum safety is guaranteed for the firefighters working on the ground.
  • the quick, problem-free loading of the helicopter with an explosive bag has a particularly advantageous effect in forest fires, for which a relatively narrow fire front that extends over longer lengths is typical. This is because even a single helicopter can effectively extinguish sections of the fire front lengthways in short intervals. Of course, it is even faster if two or more helicopters extinguish in sections in the rolling, i.e. get consecutive use.
  • two or more helicopters at a distance of an effective range can simultaneously release their detonation load and detonate them, preferably coordinated by radio, whereby an effective range is understood to mean the mean diameter of the extinguishing cloud which arises during the detonation.
  • the application of the method according to the invention is not only limited on forest and wildfires, but can take place with all imaginable, combatable fires. Because of the very high extinguishing efficiency and the high safety standard of the method, use is particularly advantageous in the case of very dangerous and difficult to extinguish fires. These can be, for example, fires from fuel tanks, oil tower fires or fires which occur in the case of aircraft crashes, without wishing to restrict the application of the invention to these cases. It is advisable to use a water volume of 500 liters (bush fire, buildings, warehouses), 1000 liters (forest fires) or 2000 liters (tank, refinery, oil rig fires) for the respective fire fighting operation.
  • the water used for extinguishing does not have to be pure water, but can also contain retarders. These are chemical substances that inhibit or at least delay the ignition of flammable solid materials and that are blown into the fire material together with the water when the fire-fighting bag is detonated. A later re-ignition of the suddenly extinguished fire material by possibly still existing embers nests is at least less likely in the presence of a retarder.
  • retarders are known and work in different ways depending on their composition. Retarders based on salt form a crust on the fire material which on the one hand inhibits its outgassing and on the other hand prevents the oxygen in the ambient air from accessing the fire material.
  • Other retarders like a gelling agent, absorb large amounts of water and store it.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an explosive sack hanging from a helicopter
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically the dropping of the explosive sack onto a source of fire
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically the triggering of a fire cloud
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of an ignition device.
  • a water-filled drop-shaped explosive bag 1 is attached to the load hook 7 of a helicopter 10 (FIG. 1) by means of a tether 4 made of plastic (eg Nylon) or steel, the length of which can be 3 - 50 m.
  • the explosive bag has a capacity of around 1000 liters of water and consists of thin-walled plastic (for example polypropylene), the wall thickness of which is sufficient to carry the water, but is low enough to burst when blown up.
  • an explosive charge 2 provided with a delay detonator, which is appropriately shaped like a teardrop or bubble in accordance with the detonating bag and is held in position by a short rope 5.
  • the lower side of the explosive bag facing the fire can be coated with a heat protection layer 8, e.g. be provided with an aluminum foil which is intended to prevent the explosive bag from being destroyed locally by the fire in the event of excessive heat and the extinguishing water being largely lost to the action of the subsequent detonation.
  • the tether 4 can be designed differently such that it is either dropped together with the detonating bag 1 or remains on the helicopter.
  • the tether is released from the load hook 7 and dropped together with the detonating bag.
  • it should be provided with a spliced claw at the upper end located on the load hook in order to prevent twisting of the tether under load on the load hook of the helicopter, since this could possibly prevent the hook from being thrown off.
  • the shackle itself should be used to take up the load, since the relatively heavy shackle overtakes the detonating bag in free fall after detaching it from the hook, thus causing the latter to rotate undesirably by 180 * .
  • the tether 4 can also be - 9 - nem (only schematically indicated) remote-controlled load hook 18, which allows the detonating bag from the helicopter to be detached from the tether and thrown off by itself. As a result, the tether remains on the helicopter and is available for renewed use. Load hooks controlled remotely from the helicopter are known and are used, for example, in forestry for game feeding.
  • the helicopter When the helicopter reaches the scene of the fire and has placed the explosive bag at a predetermined height above the source of the fire, the explosive bag (with or without a rope) is dropped and moves in free fall towards the source of the fire (Fig. 2). As soon as he has reached a height just above the source of the fire (e.g. a few meters above the tree top), the blasting is triggered. This can be done by remote ignition, which is triggered by the load helicopter 10 or a special fire helicopter or a ground-based observation station by radio signal.
  • Delay igniters with double security are preferably used here in order to comply with the aviation safety regulations.
  • These U-detonators which are manufactured today by factory technology, have tolerances of only a few milliseconds, so that the required discharge height for the explosive charge can be calculated very precisely and maximum security is provided for the air operations personnel.
  • a detonator has proven to be very suitable, which can be set in up to 18 intervals of 250 milliseconds each, so that fall times until detonation after activation of the detonator are specified from 0.25 to 4.5 seconds can, which, if the air resistance is neglected, corresponds to a drop height of half a meter to almost one hundred meters.
  • the height of the helicopter above the detonation site at the moment the explosive bag is dropped is made up of this drop distance plus the length of the tether.
  • 4 shows an example of a triggering of the delay fuse which is particularly acceptable in terms of safety.
  • a two-wire ignition cable 11 is guided out of the explosive bag 1 along the tether 4 to the bottom of the helicopter 10.
  • the ignition cable is connected there via a plug connection 12, for example consisting of a flat plug (at the end of the ignition cable) and a flat socket (firmly fixed to the bottom of the helicopter), with a DC voltage source 17 located in the helicopter and serving as an ignition source.
  • a toggle switch 13 is arranged in the line between the flat socket and the ignition source.
  • the ignition cable is provided with a further switch 16 slightly below the flat plug, which contains two contact springs which are separated from one another by a plastic flat wedge and come into contact with one another by removing the plastic flat wedge.
  • the plastic flat wedge which is hooked into the load hook 7 or another hook on the helicopter by means of a short pull cable 14, is inserted into the switch 16 and thus interrupts the electrical connection of the delay fuse with the ignition source.
  • the ignition cable is fastened to the tether 4 with a clamp 15 just below the switch 16.
  • connection between the ignition source 17 and the plug connection 12 is also interrupted by the toggle switch 13 in order to prevent the detonator from accidentally slipping out of the plastic surface wedge from switch 16 is activated early.
  • the detonation of the explosive charge in the detonating bag creates a mist, also known as an extinguishing cloud, from finely divided water droplets.
  • This quenching cloud spreads essentially spherically.
  • a movement of water droplets away from the source of the fire is generally not desired, and an essentially hemispherical extinguishing cloud, in which all water droplets are directed downwards towards the source of the fire and its surroundings, is much more effective.
  • Such an essentially hemispherical extinguishing cloud is illustrated schematically in FIG. 3, it can be achieved by extinguishing the extinguishing water 3 inside the explosive bag 1 with a thin film 9 made of plastic, paper or the like. is covered (Fig. 1). This film can be placed loosely on the extinguishing water, but it can also be attached point by point to the explosive bag in such a way that sufficient opening remains in the explosive bag for filling the extinguishing water.

Abstract

Afin de procéder à une lutte aérienne contre des incendies, notamment dans le cas d'incendies de forêts, on utilise un contenant pourvu d'une paroi susceptible d'éclater (par exemple en sac en forme de goutte ou de bulle constitué d'une mince feuille plastique) et rempli d'eau d'extinction. Une charge explosive avec une amorce sont placées dans l'eau d'extinction. Ce sac est transporté jusqu'au foyer d'incendie par un hélicoptère et la charge explosive est allumée immédiatement au-dessus du foyer d'incendie, pulvérisant l'eau d'extinction sous forme d'un nuage fin de gouttelettes microscopiques qui éteignent brusquement le foyer d'incendie. De préférence, le sac est largué par l'hélicoptère à une hauteur importante au-dessus du foyer d'incendie et la charge explosive est allumée pendant la chute libre directement au-dessus du foyer d'incendie, soit par allumage à distance par radio soit à l'aide d'une amorce à retardement qui peut être réglée pour se déclencher à une hauteur prédéterminée. L'amorce à retardement peut être actionnée, au moment où le sac d'eau est largué de l'hélicoptère, par une source d'allumage située dans l'hélicoptère et reliée à l'amorce par un câble d'allumage détachable de l'hélicoptère.
EP96938907A 1995-08-14 1996-08-13 Procede et dispositif de lutte aerienne contre des incendies Withdrawn EP0785809A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19529868 1995-08-14
DE19529868 1995-08-14
PCT/DE1996/001510 WO1997006858A2 (fr) 1995-08-14 1996-08-13 Procede et dispositif de lutte aerienne contre des incendies

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0785809A1 true EP0785809A1 (fr) 1997-07-30

Family

ID=7769449

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96938907A Withdrawn EP0785809A1 (fr) 1995-08-14 1996-08-13 Procede et dispositif de lutte aerienne contre des incendies

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0785809A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU724899B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2202486A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19680698D2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997006858A2 (fr)

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WO1998039064A1 (fr) * 1997-03-04 1998-09-11 Nebel, Anita Dispositif explosif d'extinction d'incendie
DE19915840A1 (de) * 1999-04-08 2000-10-12 Anton Neumeir Verfahren und Gerät zum Löschen von Waldbränden aus der Luft
DE10206815B4 (de) * 2002-02-19 2004-02-12 Pinnig, Jörg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Sprenglöschen von Bränden
DE10247158A1 (de) * 2002-10-09 2004-04-22 Pohler, Carl, Dipl.-Ing. Löschvorrichtung
DE10346163A1 (de) * 2003-10-04 2005-05-04 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co Kg Flugkörper zur Brandbekämpfung
DE10354374A1 (de) * 2003-11-20 2005-06-23 Pohler, Carl, Dipl.-Ing. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Löschen von Bränden mit einem Löschmittel-Behälter und einer Sprengladung
US7836965B2 (en) 2004-02-10 2010-11-23 Federal State Unitary Enterprise State Research and Production Enterprise “Bazalt” Method and device for controlling and/or putting out fires
BRPI0406354A (pt) * 2004-10-25 2006-06-13 Ramatis Piscirilli Ramos processos de combate de focos de calor e/ou incêndios de qualquer magnitude, e equipamentos para operacionalização, equipamentos para extinção, e composições de extinção resultantes - projeto salamandras
US8480034B2 (en) * 2009-05-29 2013-07-09 Caylym Technologies International, Llc Aerial delivery devices, systems and methods
DE102006058446A1 (de) 2006-12-10 2008-07-24 Daniel Schwartz Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Löschen von Bränden, insbesondere von Waldbränden
ES2344974B1 (es) * 2007-12-03 2011-07-11 Javier Saez Eguidazu Bolsa explosiva de extincion de incendios.
CN101632852B (zh) * 2009-09-07 2012-03-14 王梦芝 森林灭火袋
DE202011003933U1 (de) 2011-03-14 2011-10-24 Silvia Schmidt Löschbehälter
RU2536239C1 (ru) * 2013-11-06 2014-12-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Тюменский государственный нефтегазовый университет" (ТюмГНГУ) Способ тушения пожаров и средство тушения для осуществления способа
US10653904B2 (en) 2017-12-02 2020-05-19 M-Fire Holdings, Llc Methods of suppressing wild fires raging across regions of land in the direction of prevailing winds by forming anti-fire (AF) chemical fire-breaking systems using environmentally clean anti-fire (AF) liquid spray applied using GPS-tracking techniques
US11865390B2 (en) 2017-12-03 2024-01-09 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Environmentally-clean water-based fire inhibiting biochemical compositions, and methods of and apparatus for applying the same to protect property against wildfire
US11865394B2 (en) 2017-12-03 2024-01-09 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Environmentally-clean biodegradable water-based concentrates for producing fire inhibiting and fire extinguishing liquids for fighting class A and class B fires
US11826592B2 (en) 2018-01-09 2023-11-28 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Process of forming strategic chemical-type wildfire breaks on ground surfaces to proactively prevent fire ignition and flame spread, and reduce the production of smoke in the presence of a wild fire
CN108159601A (zh) * 2018-01-24 2018-06-15 深圳市轻准科技有限公司 抛投智能灭火弹无人机
ES2722349A1 (es) * 2018-02-09 2019-08-09 Mtc Soft S L Equipo para la extincion de incendios con medios aereos
CN111422352B (zh) * 2020-03-17 2022-07-12 南京兆联智能科技有限公司 无人机灭火装置
US11911643B2 (en) 2021-02-04 2024-02-27 Mighty Fire Breaker Llc Environmentally-clean fire inhibiting and extinguishing compositions and products for sorbing flammable liquids while inhibiting ignition and extinguishing fire
CN116966458B (zh) * 2023-07-24 2024-03-12 湖南光华防务科技集团有限公司 一种智能抛撒灭火水袋及其使用方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1997006858A3 (fr) 1997-04-03
AU7617596A (en) 1997-03-12
DE19680698D2 (de) 1998-02-12
WO1997006858A2 (fr) 1997-02-27
AU724899B2 (en) 2000-10-05
CA2202486A1 (fr) 1997-02-27

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