EP0785309A1 - Paving or facing stone, array of such stones and process for making such stones and arrays - Google Patents

Abstract

Spacers (11) fitted to the stone sides are ground down to a height such that the outermost points (10) of the spacers lie at a level parallel to the plane defined by the opposing stone face (7). The spacers can come in the form of longways ribs on one stone face, or three point projections, and are fitted to one side of the stone only or to two opposing sides. The spacers demarcate the stones and should be ground down as described using an adhesively located stone bond to prevent sideways shifts. Otherwise the stone bond can be obtained by the use of film or netting made of paper, plastics or rubber, the stones being adhered to the nets etc using the netting etc adhesion surfaces to bridge the join between adjoining bond stones. The bond can also be located by an elastic base pressed into place by the stones which are thus held as desired, using naturally rotting bond net, films etc. The nets etc should be removed before the stone bond is established in destination site. The bonds are transported to point-of-use stacked on pallets.

Description

The present invention relates to a paving or facing stone or the like according to the preamble of claim 1, a method for producing such a stone according to the preamble of claim 6 and a paving or facing stone composite according to the preamble of claim 7. Furthermore, the invention relates to a ready-to-install paving stone composite or the like, which consists of paving stones spaced apart from one another with desired joints and arranged in a laying pattern, and a method for laying paving stones in a paving stone composite.

In conventional methods for the production of paving stones and facing stones, as are known for example from GB-PS 2,136,348, a strand is first extruded from a raw stone mass, whereupon stone green compacts are cut off from the strand, stacked on top of one another and stacked and stones are produced in the kiln be burned. The paving and facing bricks thus produced have spacers which are used to keep adjacent stones at a distance during laying, so that joints of a predetermined width for receiving a filling material, such as sand, are formed.

Since different shrinkages occur during the firing or drying process of the stones, such stones have the disadvantage that uneven laying patterns arise when laying stones. In particular, this is also disadvantageous in the case of mechanical laying, in which a stone composite, that is to say larger units of stones, is built up and then laid. In order to prevent the stones from being damaged by the laying machine, the built-up stone units must have exactly parallel side surfaces or contact surfaces during mechanical laying.

Mechanical laying is often particularly advantageous when laying paving stones. It is used in particular when laying large areas. In the case of mechanical laying, a paving stone composite, i.e. a larger unit of stones, is laid using a laying machine. When laying a composite by machine, however, there is the problem that the stones have to be spaced from one another, so that joints of a predetermined width are created for receiving a filler material, such as sand. For this reason, conventional paving stones have spacers which ensure that the paving stones are always at a minimum distance from one another. This minimum spacing between the adjacent stones cannot be exceeded even during mechanical laying, so that the laid stones always have gaps for receiving the filling material. The spacers can be attached to the paving stone or can be formed together with this from the same material.

A disadvantage of the use of paving stones with spacers is that the manufacturing process is very complex and expensive. Another disadvantage of mechanical laying is that the spacers only guarantee a minimum spacing of the stones from one another, but cannot prevent an increase in the spacing of the paving stones during transport in the paving stone compound or during laying. Furthermore, there are different shrinkages of the paving stones during the firing or drying process, so that if the paving stones are in contact with the spacers of the adjacent paving stones, uneven laying patterns result when laying.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a paving, facing or similar stone or stone composite, in which the dimensional stability of the stones or the composite with respect to the neighboring stones to be laid is improved and a method for producing such a stone or stone composite to provide. In this connection, the dimensionally correct spacing of the cobblestones of the network during transport and laying should be ensured in particular.

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1 or claim 7 and the characterizing method step of claim 6 or 16.

Further developments of the present invention result from the subclaims.

The stone body and the spacers can be made from one piece. The spacers of a stone surface can be designed as at least two elongated ribs or as at least three punctiform projections per stone surface. Furthermore, it is advantageous to provide the spacers of a stone surface off-center, so that the adjacent stone can rest particularly stably. Spacers can be provided on one or on two adjacent side surfaces. The latter possibility offers the advantage that when laying a surface, the stones are aligned in parallel in both dimensions of the surface.

An advantage of the process according to the invention for producing a paving stone or veneer is that all devices for carrying out the conventional production processes can continue to be used, since the task is solved by a further process step which can be carried out at the end of the actual production process. This step consists in grinding the spacers of the stone in such a way that opposite contact planes of a stone are exactly parallel.

In the paving stone composite of the present invention, the dimensionally accurate spacing of the paving stones, in particular for transporting the paving stone composite and for mechanical laying, is ensured by the fact that the composite has means which fix the paving stones in a push-resistant manner against lateral displacement by means of one of their surfaces. This prevents the stones from moving sideways, which would change the spacing of the stones from one another. The advantage of such a ready-to-install paving stone composite is that it can be composed of any type of stone without any means having to be provided on the individual stones which guarantee that the stones are spaced apart.

The agent can prevent the paving stones from moving laterally to one another through adhesion. The agent can be a film or a net, which consists of paper, plastic or rubber. However, other materials are also conceivable that are sufficiently rigid to prevent the paving stones from moving laterally, even though they adhere or stick to the film or the net.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the means are individual adhesive surfaces which are provided on at least each joint between adjacent paving stones of the composite. The adhesive surface can adhere or adhere to adjacent stones so that it bridges the gap between these stones. The advantage of this design is that only very little material is required to fix the stones.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the agent is made of a decomposable material so that the paving stone composite can be laid together with the agent and does not have to be removed beforehand.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the agent is a base which is pressed in by the paving stones, so that the paving stones are in turn shear-proof against lateral displacement. Advantageous in the use of such a pad, e.g. can consist of rubber or another elastic material, is that the paving stones can be arranged particularly easily on this surface and the use of the paving stone composite thus formed is particularly inexpensive.

Furthermore, it is advantageous in the paving stone assembly according to the invention that stones which are transported in such an assembly are protected from damage, since the paving stones do not touch directly. In order to achieve the advantages mentioned above by the present invention, the means only have to fix the paving stones of the composite in the horizontal position of the paving stone composite.

An advantage of the method according to the invention for laying paving stones is that it is particularly simple since it is not only special paving stones with spacers must be generated. With this method it is also possible to arrange any stones with any patterns on the film. These patterns can then be kept true to size even when laying.

A further advantage of the method according to the invention is that the means which fix the paving stones against lateral displacement ensure that the paving stones are transported safely.

Fig. 1

den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Pflaster- oder Verblendsteines;

Fig. 2a

die Seitenansicht eines Steines, wie er nach dem ersten Verfahrensschritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erzeugt wird;

Fig. 2b

den fertigen erfindungsgemäßen Stein und

Fig. 3

einen Ausschnitt eines Aufbaus aus erfindungsgemäßen Verblendsteinen

Fig. 4

den erfindungsgemäßen Pflastersteinverbund in einer Aufsicht,

Fig. 5

schematisch die Verlegung des Pflastersteinverbundes mittels Saugeinichtungen in einer Seitenschnittansicht und

Fig. 6

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Pflastersteinverbundes, bei dem die Pflastersteine durch Haftflächen fixiert sind.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1

the basic structure of a paving stone or facing stone;

Fig. 2a

the side view of a stone as it is generated after the first step of the method according to the invention;

Fig. 2b

the finished stone according to the invention and

Fig. 3

a section of a structure of facing bricks according to the invention

Fig. 4

the paving stone composite according to the invention in a supervision,

Fig. 5

schematically the laying of the paving stone composite by means of suction devices in a side sectional view and

Fig. 6

a further embodiment of a paving stone composite, in which the paving stones are fixed by adhesive surfaces.

The basic structure of a paving and facing stone is shown in Figure 1. In it, the stone is designated by 1, which has a stone body 2 and spacers 3. In the example shown, two spacers 3 are on a surface 5 of the stone body 2 intended. The spacers can also be provided in addition to or instead of the spacers 3 shown on the surfaces 4, 6 or 7. However, spacers are only to be provided on the surfaces, for which it is provided that a further stone is adjacent to this surface when laying or building up several stones. As shown, the spacers 3 can be designed as two elongated ribs.

A paving stone or facing stone 1 according to the invention is now shown in FIG. 2b. In contrast to a conventional paving stone or facing stone, the stone according to the invention has spacers 11 which are ground to such a height above the stone surface 5 on which they are arranged that the contact planes 8, 9 of the opposite surfaces 5 and 7 are parallel . The contact plane 8 is defined by the points 10 of the spacers 11, which are the outermost in relation to the stone surface 5 on which the spacers 11 and 3 are arranged. The contact plane 9 is defined by the surface 7 which lies opposite the surface 5 which has the spacers 11. These special spacers 11 ensure that stones 1 of this type can be laid in uniform laying patterns. 3 shows a section is illustrated, for example of an assembly of the invention Verblendsteinen 1 ₁ to 1. ₅ It can be seen that in this construction the lower edges of the stone bodies 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 _{5 of} the facing stones 1 ₃ , 1 ₄ , 1 _{5 are} parallel to the lower edges of the stone body 2 ₁ , 2 _{2 of} the facing stones 1 ₁ , 1 ₂ . This is achieved in that the spacers 11 of the facing stones 1 ₃ , 1 ₄ , 1 ₅ are ground in such a way that an irregular, that is to say non-parallel upper surface of the stone bodies 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 _{5 is} compensated.

In the method according to the invention for producing the stone described above, a paving clinker brick, a clinker plate or other building blocks made of various materials are produced in the first method step according to a conventional method as described above.

After this first step, a stone has been produced which, especially after the drying or firing process, can no longer be quite true to size with respect to its contact surfaces with neighboring stones. In particular, it may be that the plant levels 8, 9 opposite surfaces no longer run completely parallel. This case is exaggerated for the surfaces 5 and 7 in FIG. 2a. Surfaces 5 and 7 are not parallel here. Since the spacers 3 have the same height above the surface on which they are located, their contact plane 8 is parallel to the surface 5 and thus not parallel to the plane 9. Thus, the stone 1 shown in FIG If another stone is placed and then another stone is placed on the spacers 3 of the stone surface 5, the underside of the further stone placed is no longer parallel to the underside 7 of the stone shown in FIG. 2a.

For this reason, in the last step of the method according to the invention, that is to say in particular after the firing process, the spacers 3 are ground in such a way that the contact plane 8 is parallel to the plane 9 defined by the opposite surface 7. Figure 2b shows the ground stone 1. The reference number 11 there shows the ground-off spacers. It can also be seen that here the contact plane 8 is parallel to the opposite contact plane 9, which is defined by the surface 7.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is not ensured that the individual stone has mutually opposite contact surfaces, but rather a stone compound, for example a paving stone compound, which is made up of paving stones as shown in principle in FIG. In this paving stone compound, the spacers 11 are ground in such a way that the outermost points 10 of the spacers 11 of the outermost paving stones lie in a plane which is parallel to the plane which is defined by the opposite stone surface 7 of the opposite outermost paving stones 1 of the paving stone compound. This can be achieved by grinding off the spacers of each paving stone 1 of the composite, but it is also possible, for example, to grind only the spacers of one or a further row of paving stones perpendicular to it. It is crucial in this embodiment that the side surfaces of the paving stone composite are parallel to one another, which are gripped, for example, by a laying machine.

Further exemplary embodiments of a paving stone composite according to the invention are explained below with reference to FIG. 4.

The paving stone composite 21 is composed of paving stones 22. The shape of the paving stone composite 21 is arbitrary, but is advantageously adapted to the transport and mechanical installation. It is shown rectangular in this embodiment. The number of paving stones 22 which form the composite 21 can be adapted as required to the requirements for the laying. Furthermore, the paving stone composite 21 has a film 23 on which the paving stones 22 adhere with their underside. The paving stones 22 are arranged such that adjacent stones are at a distance from one another. In the installed paving stone composite, these distances form the desired joints between the paving stones 22, which accommodate the filler material. The paving stones 22 can be made of any material, such as clinker, concrete or granite. Furthermore, any, possibly also non-uniform shape of the paving stones 22 is also possible. In Figure 4, the paving stones 22 of this embodiment are shown rectangular. The film consists, for example, of a plastic that is coated with an adhesive material 27. The adhesion of the paving stones to the film 23 need not be so strong that the paving stones 22 can be lifted up by means of the film, but rather a lateral sliding or shifting of the paving stones 22 to one another must be prevented. Furthermore, the paving stones 22 can also be glued to the film 23.

In a further exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the paving stones 22 of the paving stone composite 21 are fixed in a thrust-resistant manner against lateral displacement by adhesive surfaces 26. The adhesive surfaces 26 adhere or stick to adjacent paving stones 22 in the edge region of the upper or lower side. In doing so, they bridge the joint 28 between the stones 22. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, the adhesive surfaces 26 are non-contiguous in this exemplary embodiment. The number of adhesive surfaces 26 per paving stone 22 depends on the desired laying pattern. In the pattern shown in FIG. 6, six adhesive surfaces 26 adhere or stick to a stone 22. In order to apply an adhesive surface 26, for example, a plastic plate can be placed on two adjacent stones to bridge the gap between them. The plastic can then be heated by means of a heat source, which creates the adhesion to the paving stones.

The method according to the invention for laying paving stones is explained below with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6.

First, paving stones 22 are spaced from one another in a laying pattern with desired joint widths between the stones. The paving stones 22 are placed with their underside on a film 23 to which they adhere so that they are fixed against lateral displacement. In this way, a paving stone composite 21 is obtained, as described in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4. Furthermore, the paving stones can only be arranged and then adhesive surfaces 26 can be attached to the joints between the paving stones 22. In this way, the paving stone composite 21 is obtained, as shown in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6. The paving stone composite 21 is then transported, for example, together with several paving stone composites stacked on top of one another on pallets to the installation site. Now the paving stone composite 21 is moved to the desired laying location by means of a laying machine. For this purpose, the paving stones 22 of the paving stone composite 21 are jointly e.g. detected by suction cups 25 of the laying machine. By grasping the paving stones, they are again fixed against lateral displacement to one another. For this reason, if this is desired, the film 23 can be pulled off so that it is not also laid. If the film 23 consists of a rotten material, it can also be installed. The same applies to the adhesive surfaces of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6. In a last step of the method according to the invention, the paving stone composite 21 is deposited by the laying machine at the desired laying location.

In all process steps for laying the paving stones 22, a dimensionally correct spacing of the paving stones from one another is ensured. In particular when transporting the paving stone composite, this can be ensured by adhesive strips or by storing the paving stones on a film, a net or a base made of, for example, paper, plastic or rubber.

Claims (21)

Cobblestone or facing stone (1) with a stone body (2) and spacers (11) in the form of projections on at least one stone surface (4, 5, 6, 7) of the stone body (2) intended for the adjoining of another stone or stones , characterized in that the spacers (11) are ground to a height so that the outermost points (10) of the spacers (11) lie in a plane (8) which is parallel to the plane (9) through which the opposite stone surface (7) is defined. Paving stone or facing stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacers (11) of a stone surface are designed as at least two elongated ribs. Paving stone or facing stone according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the spacers (11) of a stone surface are designed as at least three punctiform projections. Paving stone or facing stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacers (11) are provided on only one stone surface (4, 5, 6, 7) of the stone body (2). Paving stone or facing stone according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spacers (11) are each provided on two adjacent stone surfaces of the stone body (2). Method for producing a paving stone or facing stone (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps:
a) producing a paving stone or facing stone (1) which has a stone body (2) and spacers (3) in the form of projections on at least one stone surface (4, 5, 6, 7) of the stone body intended for delimiting a further stone ( 2) has
marked by
b) grinding the spacers (3) to such a height that the outermost points (10) of the spacers (11) lie in a plane (8) which is parallel to the plane (9) through the opposite stone surfaces (7 ) is defined. Ready-to-install paving stone composite (21), which consists of paving stones (22) spaced apart from one another with desired joints and arranged in a laying pattern, characterized in that means (23) are provided which connect the paving stones (22) in the desired composite via at least one of the tops - Fix the underside of the laid paving stones (22) forming the surface so that it cannot be moved sideways. Ready-to-install paving stone assembly (21) according to claim 7, characterized in that the means (23) fix the paving stones (22) by adhesion against lateral displacement. Ready-to-install paving stone composite (21) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the means (23) is a film or a net. Ready-to-install paving stone composite (21) according to claim 9, characterized in that the film (23) or the net consists of paper, plastic or rubber. Ready-to-install paving stone assembly (21) according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the paving stones (22) stick to the film (23) or the net. Ready-to-install paving stone assembly (21) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the means (23) are provided individually on at least each joint between the adjacent stones (22) of the paving stone assembly (21). Ready-to-install paving stone assembly (21) according to claim 12, characterized in that the means (23) are adhesive surfaces (26) which adhere to the paving stones (22) in such a way that they bridge the joint between adjacent paving stones (22). Ready-to-install paving stone assembly (21) according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the means (23) is an elastically compressible base which is pressed in by the paving stones (22), so that the paving stones (22) are fixed in a shear-resistant manner against displacement . Ready-to-install paving stone composite (21) according to one of claims 7 to 14, characterized in that the means (23) can rot. A method of laying of paving stones (22) in a composite paving stone (21), which is characterized by the following steps: a) arranging the paving stones (22) spaced apart from one another in a laying pattern with desired joint widths between the stones (22) and attaching means (23) to the surface forming the top or underside of the laid paving stones (22), the paving stones (22 ) are fixed against lateral displacement by means 23), b) transporting the paving stone composite (21) to a place of installation by means of transport, c) joint detection of all paving stones (22) of the paving stone assembly (21) fixed by the means (23) from one laying means (25), and d) depositing the paving stone composite (21) at the desired installation location. Method for laying paving stones (22) in a paving stone composite (21) according to claim 16, characterized in that in step a) the paving stones (22) are arranged spaced apart from one another in a desired laying pattern with the surface forming the underside of the laid paving stone (22) on a film (23), a net or a base. Method for laying paving stones (22) in a paving stone compound (21) according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the means (23) are also deposited at the laying location and remain at the laying location. Method for laying paving stones (22) in a paving stone compound (21) according to one of Claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the means (23) are removed before the paving stone compound (22) is deposited. Method for laying paving stones (22) in a paving stone compound (21) according to one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the laying means (25) for the joint detection of all fixed paving stones (22) of the paving stone compound (21) has a suction device. Method for laying paving stones (22) in a paving stone compound (21) according to one of Claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the transport takes place on pallets with a plurality of paving stone compounds (21) stacked one on top of the other.

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