EP0004364B1 - Slab unit made of concrete paving bricks - Google Patents

Description

Laying unit made up of a plurality of paving stones made of concrete or the like arranged in the laying position for the production of soil coverings, the paving stones being releasably connected by predetermined breaking connections arranged in the lower region of the laying unit, wherein reinforcement from a continuous network is provided in the area of the predetermined breaking connections.

Such a laying unit is known from DE-U-7 144 767. There is the laying. provided with a reinforcement mesh. This reinforcement is highly resilient, but this has the disadvantage that it is not possible to subsequently loosen the connection between the paving stones. This means that the relative position of the paving stones cannot be changed after laying, and individual paving stones cannot be replaced.

Furthermore, the structural steel mat is arranged there so that its bars extend as precisely as possible in the horizontal central plane of the concrete webs. This puts them in a structurally unfavorable range.

A similar laying unit is known from DE-A-2 337 816, in which a braid or fabric made of steel wire or plastic strands is arranged approximately halfway up the predetermined breaking webs. The reinforcement is therefore in the neutral and therefore not statically effective zone. A disadvantage of this laying unit is its complex manufacture. After a first material layer has been introduced into a mold, the reinforcement must be placed on this first material layer, whereupon the remaining material for the laying unit is introduced into the mold. The production is therefore multi-stage, which contradicts the requirements of economically efficient production.

From AT-B-219 641 a laying unit for the production of a soil cover has become known, which is not to be understood as a conventional pavement made of individual stones. Rather, a permanent connection between the paving stones should be established and maintained there by a fully filling joint compound. The individual paving stones are connected to one another by webs which are arranged at a distance from the underside. In addition, the plate units can be reinforced by a continuous wire mesh at the level of the webs.

Finally, a laying unit has become known from DE-A-2 608 871 (corresponds to DE-U-7 524 202), in which several paving stones are connected to one another by predetermined breaking points. The individual paving stones have a hexagonal shape.

Briefly summarized, the known laying units are assembled into a "plate" in their production in the relative arrangement corresponding to the final paving. If the individual paving stones are connected to one another by predetermined breaking points, these are removed by shaking or the like after installation. The laying units are predominantly installed mechanically or mechanically using appropriate laying devices. A general problem with the known laying units is to dimension the predetermined breaking connections mentioned, in particular with the paving stones made of paving stones, in such a way that they are able to transmit the loads occurring during transport and laying without breaking, but after laying by shaking or other compressive stress be broken without exception to give the paving the character of a covering consisting of loose individual stones. If the concrete webs are dimensioned too large, breaks during transport and laying are largely avoided, however, the removal of the connection desired after laying by breaking the concrete webs is difficult and is not guaranteed without exception. In the case of weak dimensioning of the concrete webs, the last-mentioned disadvantage does not occur, but broken laying units have to be accepted to a greater extent. Since the loads that occur, the concrete quality and thus the durability of the webs, the setting time for concrete and other factors are often different, it has so far not been possible in practice to ensure that the concrete webs are dimensioned fully satisfactorily.

The object of the invention is to improve the laying unit of the type specified at the outset in such a way that it is ensured that the paving stones of a laying unit which are connected to one another by concrete webs or the like remain connected to one another during transport, but after laying by shaking or the like individual stones are reliably created.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the reinforcement (network) consisting of relatively thin strands extends directly in the outermost, lower cross-sectional area thereof by concreting the paving stones.

In this way, a laying unit is created which allows transport and laying while maintaining cohesion and a reliable removal of the predetermined breaking connections between the concrete blocks after their laying. In addition, rational, cost-effective production in one work step is possible because the paving stones are concreted directly onto the reinforcement.

In the invention, not only the static considerations, but to a large extent also economic considerations. For this reason, the reinforcement applied in the sense of the invention preferably consists of an inexpensive, for example commercially available, network of monofilament plastic threads. On a continuous network of this type, the paving stones or laying units are manufactured in the usual way, namely using a base board or the like, and without using separate spacers. The network is also not provided with special anchoring elements, for example anchoring hooks or the like, which project into the concrete in a direction transverse to the plane of the network. Rather, it was surprisingly found that even a network with relatively thin strands or threads without the use of special aids, only by concreting the paving stones and concrete webs, experiences sufficient bonding to the concrete or slight embedding in such a way that this plastic network in the area of Break-off connections, in particular in the area of the concrete webs, is involved in the transmission of forces.

The special, surprising static effect of the invention is that the threads or strands extending in the outermost, lower cross-sectional area of the paving stones and concrete webs absorb the bending tensile forces occurring during transport and laying from the bending moments in the area of the concrete webs, while the concrete webs essentially only Absorb pressure and shear forces. As a result, the concrete webs are dimensioned according to the invention with a considerably smaller (in the order of 15%) cross-section than the concrete webs which have been customary hitherto or which are necessary to avoid breakage before laying. This in turn has the consequence that the laying units can be transported and installed largely without breakage, despite the smaller dimensions of the concrete webs. Deviating from the previously usual rules, the dimensioning of the concrete webs is designed according to the invention so that after the installation of the laying units, the concrete webs are reliably destroyed by relatively low loads, at least by shaking off the pavement. The shear forces acting on the concrete webs also cut the relatively thin threads or strands of the plastic network in the region of the webs.

This does not exclude that concrete webs break to a large extent before laying. Surprisingly, the cohesion of the laying units is retained by the action of the network, so that the units can be grasped, transported and laid with the commonly used laying devices using clips. The surprising advantage therefore lies in the interaction of the smaller concrete webs with the thin threads or strands extending on the outermost, lower surface, which ensure sufficient cohesion for the mechanized laying even with prematurely broken concrete webs. As a result of the function attributed to the plastic network in the invention, not only is a considerably weaker dimensioning of the concrete webs possible, but they can also be arranged in a smaller number and non-uniformly distributed, while neglecting optimal static requirements. This is the first time that the laying units can be designed by unevenly distributing the concrete webs in such a way that the pavement made from them can be picked up if necessary and relocated using the paving stones in question. According to the invention, the concrete webs are arranged for the purpose that by partial rotation of the paving stones taken and / or laying in a changed relative position, reinstallation is possible without interference from the broken ends of the concrete webs. This proposal of the invention ensures that the rupture ends of the concrete webs do not meet the rupture ends of adjacent paving stones in such a relocation.

This system of re-laying can preferably be used in the case of irregularly arranged concrete webs in connection with laying units with paving stones which consist of three hexagonal stones connected to form a unitary structure (design in the sense of DE-A-2 608 871). Appropriate arrangement of the concrete webs makes it possible to re-lay the paving stones in question by turning them 60 ° or 120 ° and re-laying them, in connection with changing the sequence within the (accommodated) laying unit.

• Fig. 1 eine Verlegeeinheit mit einer aus einem Kunststoffnetz bestehenden Armierung im Grundriß,
• Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht einer Verlegeeinheit im Sinne von Fig. 1 während der Herstellung,
• Fig. 3 einen Ausschnitt einer Verlegeeinheit im vergrößerten Maßstab, im Grundriß,
• Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt IV-IV zu Fig. 3,
• Fig. 5 eine Verlegeeinheit mit Pflastersteinen aus Sechsecksteinen und unregelmäßig angeordneten Betonstegen.

Further features and advantages of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. It shows

• 1 is a laying unit with a reinforcement consisting of a plastic network in the plan,
• 2 is a side view of a laying unit in the sense of FIG. 1 during manufacture,
• 3 shows a detail of a laying unit on an enlarged scale, in plan view,
• 4 shows a cross section IV-IV of FIG. 3,
• Fig. 5 shows a laying unit with paving stones made of hexagonal stones and irregularly arranged concrete webs.

Laying units 10 made of concrete consist of a plurality of paving stones 11. These can have different layouts, corresponding to the variety of known paving stones, including so-called composite paving stones. The square paving stones 11 in FIGS. 1 to 4 for the sake of a simplified illustration are connected by predetermined breaking connections gene assembled to the laying unit 10. The predetermined breaking connections expediently consist, as in the exemplary embodiment shown, of concrete webs 12 which extend in the region of longitudinal joints 13 and transverse joints 14 between adjacent paving stones 11. These concrete webs 12 usually have a lower structural height than that of the paving stones 11.

In the present laying unit 10, the concrete webs 12 are dimensioned such that they are not inherently suitable for absorbing the loads occurring during transport and (mechanical) laying without breaking. This "undersizing" of the concrete webs 12 is compensated for by special reinforcement. This consists of a network 15 made of plastic. In the preferred embodiment, monofilament longitudinal threads 16 and transverse threads 17 are connected to one another, with the formation of thickenings 18 in the region of the crossing points. The network 15 is preferably made of low pressure polyethylene. The diameter of the longitudinal and transverse threads 16 and 17 is preferably of the order of 0.45 mm. The distance between the longitudinal and transverse threads 16, 17 from one another, that is to say the mesh size, can expediently correspond to approximately 20 mm. In general, it is advisable to choose the distances between the longitudinal and transverse threads 16, 17 smaller than the width of the concrete webs 12. This ensures that at least one thread 16 or 17 extends in the longitudinal direction of a concrete web 12. This then absorbs the bending tensile stresses that occur. The minimum size of the mesh is expediently limited so that the largest grain of the concrete mixture (for example 15 mm) can pass through a mesh without destroying its threads 16, 17.

The laying units 10 or their paving stones 11 and concrete webs 12 are manufactured directly on the network 15. The manufacturing process can run essentially conventionally. The laying units 10 are formed in a conventional manner on base boards 19 of a known type. The net 15 lies on the underlay board 19, namely without any special spacers to the underlay board 19 and also without special anchoring hooks or the like to the concrete. Due to the manufacture of the laying unit 10 on the net 15, this is slightly incorporated into the concrete, so that there is sufficient anchoring or adhesion in or on the concrete.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the network 15 is removed as a continuous web from a supply roll 20 in cycles and pulled over the underlay board 19. After the laying unit 10 has been manufactured, the underlay board 19 is transported further with the network 15 being pulled off the supply roll 20. The network 15 is then severed between this and the next following support board 19. The effect of the network 15 also allows a distribution or arrangement of the concrete webs within a laying unit not only from a static point of view. In Fig. 5, a laying unit 21 is shown, which consists of paving stones 22 of special shape. Three hexagon stones 24a, 24b, 24c are each connected to form a uniform paving stone 22. In the area of the adjoining sides of these hexagon stones 24a, 24b, 24c, dummy joints 25 indicated by dashed lines are formed on the top of the paving stone 22.

The paving stones 22 are placed in such a way that transverse rows 26 are formed with successively offset by 180 ° and longitudinal rows 27 with paving stones 22 aligned in the same direction. The present exemplary embodiment consists of three longitudinal and transverse rows 27, 26. Due to the relative position, corner stones 22a, edge stones 22b and inner stones 22c are created.

Concrete webs 28 for connecting the paving stones 22 to one another are arranged in an irregular distribution. Within the transverse rows 26 and longitudinal rows 27, the paving stones 22 are each connected to the adjacent paving stone of the relevant longitudinal or transverse row 27, 26 only by a concrete web 28. Accordingly, there are, for example, no concrete webs for connecting paving stones in the diagonal direction, for example for connecting a corner stone 22a to an inner stone 22c. Within transverse joints 29, the concrete webs 28 are arranged at non-uniform distances from one another, while in the region of longitudinal joints 30 the concrete webs 28 are each in the same place, namely in the region of an (imaginary), transversely directed central plane. In contrast, the concrete webs 28 in the transverse joints 29 lie outside an (imaginary) longitudinal center plane of the paving stones 22. However, all concrete webs 28 are arranged approximately in the middle of one of the stone sides 31 of the same length.

If the plaster produced from such laying units 21 is subsequently taken up, a new laying can be carried out using all the paving stones 22 of the laying unit 21. These are only rotated by 60 ° or 120 ° with respect to the relative position in FIG. 5. In addition, the paving stones 22 are redistributed within the (then no longer connected) laying unit 21 in such a way that no broken ends of the concrete webs 28 meet.

The laying unit 21 according to FIG. 5 is also equipped with a network 15 in the sense of the example of FIGS. 1 to 4 and is produced accordingly. For reasons of simplification, this network 15 is not shown in FIG. 5.

Analogous to the embodiment of FIG. 5, irregular distributions of the concrete webs can also be provided in laying units made of paving stones with a different geometric shape, such that re-laying after picking up the paving by turning the Paving stones by 180 ° and / or rearrangement within the laying unit is possible. In FIG. 1, to illustrate such a solution, the area at the bottom left of the laying unit 10 is formed with paving stones 11 which have longitudinally pointing concrete webs 12a with an eccentric arrangement (with respect to the respective paving stones 11a). Here, by turning the paving stones 11a after picking up, it can be relocated without mutual interference from broken ends of the concrete webs 12a.

Claims (11)

1. Laying unit (10) formed from a pluarality of paving stones (11, 22) made from concrete or the like and arranged in the laying position for producing ground coverings, the paving stones (11, 22) being detachably connected by predetermined breaking joints in the lower area of the laying unit (10), a reinforcement formed by a continuous netting (15) being positioned in the vicinity of the predetermined breaking joints, characterized in that the reinforcement (netting 15) comprising relatively thin strands by concreting on of the paving stones (11, 12) extends directly in the outermost, lower cross-sectional area thereof.

2. Laying unit according to claim 1, characterized in that in the vicinity of the intersection of longitudinal filaments (16) and transverse filaments (17), the netting (15) has reinforcements (18).

3. Laying unit according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least the spacing of the longitudinal filaments (16) with respect to one another (mesh size) is smaller than the width of the predetermined breaking joints (12, 28).

4. Laying unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the spacing of the longitudinal filaments (16) and transverse filaments (17) relative to one another is greater than the diameter of the largest particle in the concrete mixture.

5. Laying unit according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the netting (15) is formed from high-density polyethylene with a mesh size of approximately 20 mm and monofilar longitudinal filaments (16), as well as transverse filaments (17) with a thickness of approximately 0.45 mm.

6. Laying unit according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the statically effective cross-section of the predetermined breaking points (12, 28) is smaller than the static cross-section required for maintaining the joint under the paving stones (11, 22) during storage, transportation and laying.

7. Laying unit according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the predetermined breaking joints are distributed within the laying unit (10, 21) in such a way that after breaking the same, the paving stones (11, 22) can be relayed without contact of break ends of the predetermined breaking joints by rotating by an angle smaller than 360° and/or by redistribution within the laying unit (10,21).

8. Laying unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the predetermined breaking joints are distributed in non-uniform manner in the laying unit (10, 21) with respect to the geometrical configuration of the paving stones (11, 22) and/or the laying unit (10,21).

9. Laying unit according to claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the paving stones (22) have the configuration of three assembled hexahonal stones (24a, 24b, 24c) and are arranged in transverse rows (26) with a positon displaced in each case by 180°, the predetermined breaking joints (28) being distributed irregularly on the stone sides (31) and preferably centrally.

10. Laying unit according to one of the claims 7 to 9, characterized in that adjacent paving stones (22) are only interconnected by a single predetermined breaking joint (28) in the direction of the transverse rows (26) and longitudinal rows (27) of adjacent paving stones (22).

11. Laying unit according to one of the claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the predetermined breaking joints (28) in the vicinity of the zig-zag transverse gaps (29) are arranged with in each case varying, unequal spacings with respect to one another, but in the vicinity of the longitudinal gaps (30) with equal spacings and in each case in the centre of a paving stone (22).

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