DE2337816A1 - ASSOCIATED WITH LAYING UNITS, LAYING UNITS FOR THE ASSEMBLY, METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A LAYING UNIT FOR THE ASSEMBLY AND METHOD FOR LAYING THE LAYING UNITS TO THE ASSEMBLY - Google Patents

Description

7570 Baden-Baden, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Str. 8th

"Network with laying units, forwarding units for the network, Method and device for producing a laying unit for the composite and method for laying the laying units to the network "

The invention relates to a composite of elements forming a pattern, with laying units included in the composite, the elements of the network in groups via predetermined breaking zones summarize in large format and which border one another on their circumference. The invention also relates to laying units for such a composite as well as to a method and a device for producing installation units. the Finally, the invention relates to a method for laying laying units to form a composite.

Combining several installation units in a network is no longer new (DT-OS 1 534 331, DT-PS 6ll 21o, DT-AS 1 524 201). For example, in a known network (DT-PS 611 210) it is provided that one formed on the circumference of the installation unit protruded into a corresponding recess in the adjacent installation unit intervenes.

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When laying large-format laying units to form a composite, however, there is the difficulty that the large and thus heavy installation units are no longer placed by hand on the prepared sub-surface and also no longer in the be able to be pushed in the correct position. Efforts are therefore being made to achieve efficient, labor-saving machine laying to pass over.

In a known mechanical installation process (DT-AS 1 53 4 201) is a larger number of shaped stone elements corresponding to one desired pattern on a base for the purpose of preparation put together, then "the shaped stone elements as a whole between one fixed and one movable clamp jaw pressed together, raised and moved over the laying point. The clamp jaws are each only located on an upper portion the stone height of the curbs to lower the compressed Alignment of shaped stone elements next to already laid shaped stone elements with small joint spacing.

Such, only through lateral pressure forces from the clamp jaws The held together arrangement of individual shaped stone elements is extremely unstable, even if, as with the known method, slightly conical side surfaces of the shaped stone elements provided will. There is also the risk that when the compressed arrangement of the molded stone elements a certain Stuck is located above the actual laying point and the pressure of the side clamping jaws is released, not the entire arrangement of the shaped stone elements as a unit, the height to the bottom

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reason falls through, but that individual molded stone elements, For example, the lateral ones, where the pressure inevitably eases most likely, detach from the arrangement and dissolve it first falling underground. In this phase of laying there is always the possibility that individual Molded stone elements tilt or similar faults occur.

It is also to be rated as a particular disadvantage that already laid Molded stone elements or an arrangement formed from them at times can no longer be lifted if they open once are offset from the ground, since the lateral clamping jaws no longer find any contact surface. Now know each other after weaning the shaped stone elements show that the subsurface was not evenly prepared, then individual ones would have to be laboriously done by hand Molded stone elements raised and after leveling the subsoil to be reinstated.

It is also known, laying units by means of negative pressure or vacuum-loaded suction heads to be picked up and laid. However, this method presents difficulties when on top of the laying units dummy joints are provided. The suction heads would then only have to be carefully placed in such places where there are no dummy joints. If the laying units are made of concrete, there is also a result Because of the porosity of the material, there is always the risk that a larger amount of air will flow into the suction heads from the outside, whereby the Underpressure can collapse relatively suddenly and the laying unit hanging on the suction heads can fall down.

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The invention is based on the object of providing a composite of large format To improve laying units in such a way that its laying and retrieval and its handling are easier is generally improved.

In order to solve this problem, the one mentioned at the beginning is used in a network Kind provided that at the border of adjacent laying units each one or more elements of the network as individual supplementary stones are formed, which engage in both adjacent laying units.

Since with the laying units to be included in the network, the individual elements initially have predetermined breaking zones that are still unbroken related, the laying unit can be used as a whole without the application of a lateral pressure, in particular also by machine pick up and set down at the laying point. After the composite has been laid, the break will be along the predetermined breaking zones for example by shaking in with unbalance machines, by traffic loads or loads or also by thermal Stress initiated. This ensures the roughness of the fracture surfaces as well as the sand swept into the joints, for example a sand with a maximum grain size corresponding to the dummy joint width, a certain bond effect even after the break of the individual elements.

The predetermined breaking zones in the installation units either run normal to the surface of the laying unit or at an angle to this, for example according to German patent application P 22 13 727.5.

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_f If one provides predetermined breaking zones that run in alternating directions, for example zigzag or undulating, as seen in the plan of the laying unit, then a horizontal connection of high power transmission capacity is created j with predetermined breaking zones running at an angle to the surface of the laying unit, a particularly effective vertical connection of the individual is created Elements. There is also the possibility of combining horizontal and vertical composite effects, for example in accordance with German patent application P 22 13 ^ 727.5.

The completely laid composite offers a uniform picture, and the structure of laying units and supplementary stones is each Little or not at all recognizable after joint adjustment, preferably due to complete joint adjustment.

Because a larger number of supplementary stones in a large area network is necessary, it is preferred that all supplement stones have the same shape. In the event of widely differing loads on the composite in different directions However, supplementary stones can be different ^ however Select the shape, thickness and / or quality to fit into the pattern, depending on the level of stress at the point in question.

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Such a pattern can be, for example, a cross-bonded pattern or a parquet bonded pattern; becomes particularly advantageous However, a herringbone pattern was chosen, one in all directions

causes a shear-resistant horizontal connection between the elements. With the herringbone pattern
There are no continuous joints in any direction, so that subsidence or lateral shifts along a larger distance of continuous joints are avoided.

Similar considerations apply to a greater extent to the arrangement of the laying units to each other, as there are real space joints between them. In a further development of the invention are from For this reason, the installation units are offset from one another, for example also installed in a herringbone arrangement. There are but there are many other options for arranging the laying units offset from one another, for example in the brick or cross connection or in the so-called parquet connection.

In a further development of the invention it is provided that the mutually facing recesses and the supplementary stone used in each case in the horizontal direction at least partially one behind the other _ have extensive bulges and indentations, which Connect the adjacent installation units with one another in a tensile manner across the intermediate joint. Such a tensile connection of the Adjacent laying units among each other are recommended in the case of heavy traffic from heavy vehicles when covering of difficult, for example settling or yielding subsoil, when covering sloping surfaces, such as harbor embankments, or the like. The bulges and indentations can, each

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

wells a rectangular, trapezoidal, or sinusoidal shape otherwise somehow have a straight or curvilinear limited contour. A contour of the recesses is particularly preferred, in the stones already known and available on the market,

. For example, simply in a double-T shape, can be used as supplementary stones are, as well as an axially or centrally symmetrical design of the recesses. The additional stones under tension can also be provided with steel reinforcement for special requirements.

In simpler cases, recesses in the form of an open one can also be used Rectangles are sufficient, which creates a shear-resistant connection of the installation units in the direction of the intermediate joint.

- Especially if the network has laying units that each consist of several elements that are connected via predetermined breaking zones that run obliquely to the surface of the installation unit, and if, in addition, the laying units are provided on their outer contour with devices for mutual vertical interlocking (approximately in accordance with German patent application P 22 13 727.5), One will possibly strive to maintain the vertical composite effect of the laying units also at the points with each used Manufacture supplementary stone as far as possible. In a further development of the invention it is therefore provided that the mutually facing Recesses of the supplementary stones used, at least partially overlapping projections and recesses have that a displacement of the respective supplementary stone relative to the adjacent laying units at least in one

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Limit vertical direction.

It is possible to design the overlapping projections and recesses _7, for example in the manner of a connection with tongue and groove, in such a way that a displacement of the respective supplementary stone relative to the adjacent laying units is limited in both vertical directions. In this case, however, the respective supplementary stone must be pushed into the respective recess at least obliquely from the front, so that the laying of the entire composite is more difficult. As a result, it is preferred that the projections and recesses on the inner contour of the recesses and on the periphery of the supplementary stone are either designed so that the supplementary stone can be inserted from below into the facing recesses of the adjacent laying units, or are designed in such a way that the supplementary stone can be used from above. The choice of one or the other training depends on the main direction of the stress on the network that is to be expected. If, for example, the greatest stress from above is to be expected due to high wheel loads, provision will be made for the supplementary stone to be inserted from above. If, on the other hand, the bond is expected to be subjected to high stress from below, for example due to frost cracks, it may be more advantageous to insert the supplementary stone from below.

The terms protrusion or recess are to be understood in general to mean that the outline of the recess at the corresponding points or the supplementary stone does not run vertically,

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but that seen from above in the vertical direction over an imaginary Material protruding from the vertical contour surface or material removed from such a vertical contour surface is provided. Similarly, the terms bulge and / or. Indentation to be understood as meaning that at the appropriate Do not place the outline of the recess or the supplementary stone along a vertical plane normal to the free side of the recess runs, but that seen in the horizontal direction over this imaginary vertical plane protruding material or opposite a such vertical line "eyy recorded material is provided.

It should be noted that the delimitation or contour of the bulges and indentations as well as the projections and recesses can have any straight or curvilinear course. In particular, a wedge bounded by a vertical surface running obliquely to the free side of the recess is used as a borderline case of a bulge or indentation and a wedge that is inclined to the surface of the composite, normal to the free side of the recess and the full height of the laying unit occupying inclined surface limited wedge understood as a borderline case of a projection or recess.

The boundary surfaces of the bulges and indentations or the projections and recesses that serve as toothed surfaces can be designed as surfaces lying perpendicular to the respective direction of stress, that is to say parallel to the free side of the recess or running horizontally. Because of

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static strength of the composite, it is advantageous if the vertical toothing surfaces make an angle with the Obsrseite of the composite and the horizontal toothing surfaces one Make an angle with the free side of the recess. When the toothing surfaces are formed perpendicular to the corresponding The direction of stress would be at the point where it joins the rest of the outline of the recess or the supplementary stone a cross-section that is highly endangered by the notch effect is created. This notch effect is caused by inclined Formation of the corresponding toothed surfaces is significantly reduced.

If at the points of the composite that are provided with inlaid supplementary stones, both a tensile horizontal composite effect as well as a vertical composite effect effective in a vertical direction is sought, is according to the invention it is preferred that the recesses provided on the facing recesses and the respectively inserted supplementary stone intermesh one behind the other Bulges and indentations at the same time formed as projections and recesses only in a lower layer of the composite are. In this way, a composite can be created in which the tensile bracing of adjacent laying units is not visible from the top of the composite. Since the bulges and indentations also function as projections and recesses take over, a comparatively simple structure of 3 laying units and the supplementary stones is given.

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If now the surface area of the entire installation unit is designed with projections and recesses, it can be advantageous in terms of production that the contour surface of the recess Has projections and recesses. Accordingly, there will only be setbacks on the circumference of the supplementary stone used to ensure its insertion. No corresponding projection of the then engages in the pecking jumps in the recess Supplementary stone.

On the other hand, however, numerous stone shapes that can be used as supplementary stone are already known, for example according to FIG DT-AS 1 7o8 675, which have projections and recesses on the circumference. You will then correspond to the outline of the recess Only provide recesses to ensure that the supplementary stone can be inserted. The recesses of the supplementary stone or then do not reach under any corresponding projections of the recess.

The laying unit for the composite according to the invention is through Marked recesses distributed around the circumference and occupying the entire height of the laying unit for the reception of additional stones. It is possible to make the cutouts, in the extreme case only one cutout per side, only on two opposite sides Provide sides in the installation unit, for example if the installation units are installed in a cross connection and the shear forces in the perpendicular direction have already been absorbed by the type of installation. Especially

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however, it is advantageous to use the recesses on all sides of the installation unit to be provided. This makes you much more independent of the type of arrangement of the laying units in the network and creates a considerably more uniform interlocking of the installation units among themselves.

In the interest of a simpler design of the mold frame for the production of the laying units and a uniform one It is preferred that all the additional stones are stressed that all recesses have the same shape.

When laying units with each other
the same elements, it is preferably provided that the cutouts each partially replace the surface area required by an element, preferably as an integer fraction. It is particularly favorable if the recesses replace the surface area required by half an element, because then after the adjacent laying unit has been placed and the supplementary stone has been inserted, the visual impression of a continuous, uniform covering is created. In addition, an even distribution of the composite forces is achieved, as the forces transmitted by the supplementary stones are passed on by the elements of the laying unit with a cross-section of the same order of magnitude *.

But it can also be provided that the cutouts each completely replace the surface of at least one element. In In this case, the composite forces are transferred by supplementary texts.

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that are larger than the individual elements of the installation unit, However, instead of one larger supplementary stone, several parallel supplementary stones of the same format as the elements can be used use.

Preferably, especially when they are arranged in a herringbone pattern Elements, the recesses on a pair of opposite sides of the respective laying unit are mirror images arranged to each other. Adjacent laying units can then be connected laterally to this pair of sides without being offset, see above that in the case of laying units with an outline that extends to the recesses is rectangular, straight edges arise on the edges of the occupied area parallel to these sides. Advantageously the recesses are also on the other opposite sides of the respective laying unit to one another arranged in mirror image. Apart from the simpler

j- *

built form for the production of the laying units -is hipi- eliminated by the risk that an adjacent installation unit is incorrectly rotated by 180 °. at Laying units with a substantially rectangular outline can also be used to create rectangular areas without the aid of any kind occupy designed edge installation units. Only the recesses on the edge of the area to be covered need to be of the laying units must be filled in with appropriate supplementary stones.

A particularly advantageous development of the invention provides

(for example

before that the element of the pattern according to DT-AS 1 459 739) is centrally symmetrical is formed, two squares covered and

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has projections and indentations on its four sides, which by parallel displacement of opposite pairs of sides into one another are transferable. These elements can - if necessary Connected via predetermined breaking zones - arrange them in a herringbone pattern and create a particularly stable and delicate structure Horizontal connection of the elements with one another. The known Stones of this shape can be used as supplementary stones if the cutouts are appropriately designed on the circumference of the laying unit to serve. In the context of the invention, however, the elements can also have any other outline, for example rectangular or outline given by rectilinear or curvilinear delimited projections and recesses.

The predetermined breaking zones, over which individual elements are used as a laying unit related, are pre-formed, for example, by means of free dummy joints formed by material cutouts. These free dummy joints can be on the top, the bottom or also on the top and bottom of the installation unit be formed.

In addition, not just one should go through in the following under dummy joint Material recess formed free dummy joint, but also one formed by inserting any material strips Material weakening can be understood. Such strips of material can completely interrupt the connection between the material of the laying unit adjoining both sides, as is the case, for example, with inserted plastic strips, or they can also have a partial, local addition

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connection of the material of the laying unit on both sides of the Allow inserted material strips, as is the case, for example, with inserted, net-like material webs. Such Material webs can also cover the entire height of the installation unit pull through and thus create the predetermined breaking zones.

A particularly preferred development of the installation unit, in which at least one predetermined breaking zone through on the upper and / or Dummy joints provided on the underside of the laying unit provide that there is at least one dummy joint the amount of which changes.

Such a laying unit represents an advantageous development of the laying units identified above
and is particularly suitable for the composite according to the invention. In a more general sense, however, it has an inventive significance of its own.

The height of the predetermined breaking zones in the installation unit must be chosen carefully. If the height is relatively small, then there is
especially with installation units of larger format and with
lateral gripping of the laying units, for example gripping in recesses on their circumference, there is a risk that the laying unit will break during handling in the not yet laid state. On the other hand, if predetermined breaking zones of greater height are provided, it has been found in some cases that achieving the intended break is difficult. This applies in particular to tiles with dummy joints only on one flat side

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- 16 / are provided.

It has now been shown that in the case of the installation unit marked last on the one hand a problem-free and safe separation of the elements along the predetermined breaking zone is guaranteed and on the other hand a high level of security against unintentional breakage during transport or when lifting via lifting devices that only act on the side There is a particular advantage of this laying unit in that the desired longitudinal profile of the dummy joint can be produced in a simple manner that suitable projections in the corresponding molded parts for the production of the dummy joints of the laying unit or appropriately designed to be inserted Material strips are provided.

The predetermined breaking zones can be normal to the flat sides of the installation unit or at least in sections at an angle to these, for example run according to the German patent application P 22 IjJ 727 · 5. as the preferred material is concrete.

In the case of a laying unit in which the If height changes, this height preferably changes periodically and / or discontinuously. An undulating one is also preferred or a jagged formation of the bottom of the dummy joint.

An embodiment of the laying unit in which the dummy joint has at least one section that covers the entire area is particularly favorable Height of the installation unit, with the predetermined breaking zone in several individual predetermined breaking sections is divided. At one of the

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like predetermined breaking zone results in a particularly stable and torsion-resistant Formation of a molded part to be inserted into the shape for the production of the laying unit in the form of a recess plate, as this can be guided through to the bottom of the mold. This causes warping or flutter counteracted by the recess plate.

It goes without saying that when molded parts, for example cut-out sheets, are used to produce the dummy joints, the profile of the bottom of the dummy joints is used must be designed so that these molded parts can be withdrawn from the mold without destroying the desired profile can. It is expediently avoided as undercuts with respect to the direction of movement of these molded parts. There is allerdin ^ manufacturing gradients in which certain undercuts Examples of this will be given below.

Preferred embodiments of the installation unit, in which the bottom of the dummy joints in relation to the direction of movement of molded parts, which the dummy joints impress, are not undercut, result from the features of claims 26 to 31

Especially with regard to increased strength of the installation unit when removing the formwork from the mold, during transport and when installing by machine, for example the installation unit is only gripped from the side, the laying unit can advantageously be developed in such a way that an insert in the laying unit

is provided, which extends at least from one element to one adjacent element extends transversely to the predetermined breaking zone in between. Especially when the predetermined breaking zones are in the lower area the laying unit are provided, the tensile strength of the material of the laying unit is increased by such an insert it is effectively improved precisely at these critical points. Even if the described advantages of the invention are particular come to a favorable effect, so this further developed laying unit also has inventive significance in its own right.

If the predetermined breaking zones break or tear in the laid laying unit, the insert can be essentially undamaged remain and in this way an additional, effective in the horizontal and vertical direction cohesion of the Cause elements of the laying unit among each other. Such cohesion is also advantageous when a laying unit should be resumed later. On the other hand, the insert can also be designed in such a way that it breaks when the Breaking zones at these points.

It is advantageously provided that the insert runs through the entire installation unit. This training facilitates the manufacture of the installation unit. It is particularly advantageous in terms of production if the insert is provided parallel to the flat sides of the laying unit.

In a preferred embodiment of the laying unit is

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Insert designed as a flexible, net-like surface structure the net-like design ensures that the material of the installation unit connects to one another across the insert; the flexible design of the flat structure promotes problem-free breaking of the predetermined breaking zones.

According to a preferred, particularly simple embodiment of the laying unit it is provided that the insert is designed as a wide-meshed scrim, braid, woven or knitted fabric from elongated strands is.

As far as the material of the insert is concerned, a plastic, Textile, fiberglass or wire insert or combinations of these materials are preferred. The properties of the used Materials can be selected within wide limits, depending on the tasks that are in the foreground. For example, breakable, Use of tearable, flexible, stretchable or resiliently resilient materials. For laid from elongated strands an embodiment is advantageous in which parallel first strands of also mutually parallel second strands Ground strands crossed.

Particularly easy to manufacture and for certain areas of application just the right amount of increase in strength is a further development of the installation unit, in which an insert is made of irregularly in a plane parallel to the flat sides of the Laying unit distributed elongated material particles is provided. These material particles can be irregular or regular. - ·

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or also be provided in the laying unit concentrated, for example, in the areas of the predetermined breaking zones. As examples for such elongated material particles are wire sections or rubber pieces, such as those used in the crushing of Waste tires accumulate, called.

The manufacture of laying units in which one or more predetermined breaking zones through on the top and / or bottom of the laying unit provided dummy joints is pre-formed (are), a preferred manufacturing method is used in a form in which a first layer of a material for the laying unit introduced into the mold, the insert placed on the first layer, the the first layer and the insert are covered with a second layer of the material and then the dummy joint (s) is (are) formed,

Alternatively, you can proceed in such a way that the shape is first filled with material for the laying unit, then the insert is placed before it hardens and finally at the same time as the dummy joints are formed is pressed into the material. If in this process molded parts the dummy joints on parts of their length up to Press in the underside of the installation unit and leave individual predetermined breaking sections between these partial areas Inlay pushed through in places to the underside of the laying unit, while in the predetermined breaking sections it forms a bulge the insert comes, which is placed in this way in the right place for the strengthening effect.

Especially with such laying units with dummy joints, which from *

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, occupy the entire height of the installation unit in sections a preferred manufacturing method zur.Application in which in the form of the lateral edge areas of the predetermined breaking sections gripping underneath and the edge areas gripping underneath when stripping " be displaced. Such reaching under offers the advantage that, even when a lower drawing plate of the production mold is removed, the laying unit continues until it is set down on a base which then hardens it, is kept particularly effective. This manufacturing process can be seen in the finished installation unit because the side planks of the predetermined breaking sections are scored. Such a side scoring can also be used for the Introducing the predetermined breaks can also be an advantage.

A device for carrying out the last-mentioned method, with a molded part for forming dummy joint sections, which the

and entire height of the laying unit occupy / between which the predetermined breaking sections are arranged is characterized in that the shaped part has under-engagement projections in the direction to the frangible portions to a narrow edge. The under-engagement projections can be designed, for example, in plan view with a triangular cross-section, which creates a cutting edge facing the predetermined breaking sections.

The method for laying the laying units to form a composite is characterized in that the laying units with Recesses facing each other are laid on a prepared subgrade and then the supplementary stones are placed in those facing each other Recesses are used. Alternatively, you can also do so

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proceed that a laying unit on a prepared subgrade is laid that supplementary stones are inserted into all recesses on one side v / ground, that a further laying unit on the planurn with insertion of the overhang of the additional stones in the recesses of the laying unit that additional stones are used again on the laying unit and the process with new laying units and supplementary stones is repeated.

Due to the shape of the laying units and the structure of the combination of laying units and supplementary stones, the The prerequisite for the invention v / pus-forming method is given that each with gripping organs one Gripping device engaged in the recesses of the laying unit and these are lifted and placed on the subgrade next to already installed installation units with a small gap between them is, and that then the gripping organs back out of the recesses be withdrawn. While with the known laying method (DT-AS 1 534 2ol) the laying unit to be deposited in each case a certain piece above the subgrade has to be released by the gripping organs and thus covers the last piece falling, because the gripping organs can hit the surface of the neighboring, already laid laying unit in the method according to the invention, the respective laying unit with the gripping members is guided up to the subgrade and there be slowly discontinued. If, after setting down the installation unit, it is found that the subgrade has not leveled out properly. and was prepared, or a laying unit has been misplaced

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have been, the respective laying unit can be raised again without difficulty, for example at a corner of the Refill or remove laying unit with sand. Even when picking up a sub-area of a surface covering, such as it is often necessary, for example, for laying or repairing underground lines, is offered by the invention Composite over the prior art significant advantages in such a way that the part of the to be recorded Surface covering recorded both by machine and manually bzv /. can be relocated. So you will first lift the relatively light supplementary stones by hand and remove them from the composite take out and then largely mechanically with the help of gripping organs of a corresponding gripping device, the heavy installation units raise. Such a simple method of working is not possible when resuming a network without additional stones.

The gripping members of the gripping device for the laying unit can Be hook-shaped or claw-shaped and form-fit in and / or under the recesses of the installation unit come. However, an execution of the laying process is preferred in which the gripping organs are brought into contact with friction on the inner contour of the recesses, provided that the weight the installation unit allows this.

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The invention is described below with reference to * ■ '■ :? n'ihev i:? ic: inungen explained in more detail using several exemplary embodiments. Similar or corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a detail from a composite, at which the laying units have recesses on two opposite sides;

FIG. 2 shows the composite according to FIG. 1 in cross section along II-II in Fig. 1;

3 shows a top view of a section from a composite, in which the laying units have recesses on two opposite sides and are laid in a cross connection are j

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a detail from a composite, at which the laying units each have recesses on the entire circumference and are laid in a herringbone arrangement;

5 shows a top view of a detail from a composite in which the laying units each have recesses on the entire circumference and are subdivided into elements arranged in the parquet pattern by predetermined breaking zones;

Fig. 6 in the plan shows a section from a composite, in which ^ the laying units, each with recesses on the entire circumference are laid on iron and offset against each other;

SAD

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7 shows a top view of a detail from the composite according to FIG. 6 with an alternative form of the predetermined breaking zones and supplementary stones;

FIG. 8 shows a top view of a detail from the composite according to FIG 6 with an alternative / embodiment of the predetermined breaking zones and Supplementary stones;

9 shows a top view of a detail from a composite, at which the respective deployment unit recesses on the entire circumference which are arranged in mirror image to one another with respect to two axes;

Fig. Io in a plan view of a detail from a composite with essentially square laying units, in each of which there is a supplementary stone on all four sides to connect adjacent ones Laying units are used one below the other;

11 shows a cross section through a laying unit along XI-XI in FIG.

12 shows a top view of a detail from a composite with essentially rectangular laying units, in their transverse sides supplementary stones are used to connect adjacent laying units to one another;

13 shows a cross section through a joint between two adjacent laying units length XIII-XIII in FIG. 12;

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14 shows, in a top view, a detail from a composite with essentially rectangular laying units, the fornstcinelcroente arranged in a herringbone pattern through predetermined breaking zones are divided and on the longitudinal and transverse sides of these additional blocks for connecting adjacent laying units to one another are used;

15 shows a cross section through a joint between two adjacent * laying units along XV-XV in FIG. 14;

16 shows a plan view from below of a detail from the composite according to FIG. 14 at the point at which the supplementary stone is inserted into the adjacent laying units , on an enlarged scale;

17 shows a plan view from below of a detail from, a composite similar to that shown in FIG. 14 on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 18 is a perspective view of a number of known stone molds used as molds for the elements and / or the Can serve complementary stones;

19 shows a section through a laying unit in which a free dummy joint is cut normal "to its longitudinal direction j

FIG. 20 shows a longitudinal section along XX-XX in FIG. 19 through a Predetermined breaking zone and a free dummy joint, the height of which changes along its length;

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Pig. 21 to 2k longitudinal sections as in FIG. 20 through further such embodiments;

25 shows a longitudinal section through a predetermined breaking zone and a free one

whereby

Dummy joint / an insert at a certain height of the installation space is provided from elongated particles of material;

26 shows a longitudinal section through a predetermined breaking zone of a laying unit, which is in the stage of production of the dummy joint and in which an insert is made by a molded part for production the dummy fuselage is pressed in; and

27 shows a longitudinal section through a predetermined breaking zone and a free dummy joint of a laying unit in which a net-like insert
is provided.

The composite shown in Fig. 1 is made up of laying units 2 and
Supplementary stones J> 0 built. The installation units 2 have
an elongated, substantially rectangular shape with rectilinear
Longitudinal edges 4. The top of the laying unit 2 is

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each traversed by a network of dummy joints 8, Io. the Dummy joints 8 run continuously parallel to the longitudinal edges 4 of the laying unit 2 and have a constant distance a from each other or from the longitudinal edges 4. The dummy joints Io run perpendicular to the dummy joints 8 and are each at every second of the rows formed by the dummy joints 8 and at the edge by the longitudinal edges 4 interrupted in such a way that the dummy joints Io from row to 'row in the longitudinal direction around the Dimension a are shifted. The dummy joints Io also have constant Distance a from each other. The network of dummy joints 8, Io creates a pattern on the upper side of the laying unit 2 formed rectangular elements 4o, which are each the dimension 2a long and the dimension a wide and form the pattern of a so-called. Cross connection. The installation unit is in each case in the transverse direction limited by an edge 6, which is at the corner of the laying unit 2 initially for the length a at right angles to the longitudinal edge 4 of the Laying unit 2, then for length a to «inside the laying unit 2 parallel to the longitudinal edge 4, then again for the length a at right angles to the longitudinal edge 4, then for the length a in the outward direction from the interior of the laying unit 2, parallel to the longitudinal edge 4 and then periodically further in this Way. The transverse edge 6 of the laying unit 2 therefore sets exactly the pattern of the dummy joints 8, Io on the Kana aer laying unit 2 and creates square recesses 2o with the length of the side a, which are open to the outside of the installation unit.

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..- ■ .. · - .: -, - ISO / STb - 29 -

The mutual distance between the recesses 2o or the distance from the longitudinal edge 4 of the laying unit 2 is also a in each case.

The individual laying units 2 are each separated from one another in the longitudinal direction by a joint 12, and further laying units 2 with corresponding joints 12 follow in the transverse direction. The recesses 2o are each 'arranged symmetrically to a transverse axis of the laying unit 2 and the individual laying units - without mutual offset in the transverse direction - placed against one another , so that the longitudinal edges 4 of adjacent laying units 2 lie in a line. The recesses 2o in adjacent laying units 2 face one another; the gaps thus formed int the composite are filled by rectangular supplementary stones 3o. The dummy joints 8, Io, the edges 4, 6 and the inserted supplementary stones 3o create a continuous, uniform cross-bond pattern on the * surface of the bond.

"The depth of the dummy joints 8; Io TaetrIgt each etwa'ein third of the thickness of the laying unit 2, the residual strength remains in each case as Sollbruchxon · So. Depending on which material is used for the laying unit 2, a« Other low * the dummy joints can O, Io and be in accordance with the 'Sollbruchsone 6o advantageously / it need only be ensured that the laying unit 2 has the one hand, sufficient strength for storage, transport and laying, and on the other hand, the predetermined breaking zones 6q.

509811/0411

For example, by shaking with a vibrator, by traffic loads or by thermal forces leading to breakage can be brought. The upper edges of the dummy joints 8, Io and the peripheral edges 4, 6 are broken by small chamfers 14 .

The composite is on a prepared and leveled surface 5o, for example from sand, laid. The joints 12 between the laying units 2 or, respectively, the laying units 2 and the supplementary stones 3o, are preferably sanded from above, for example a sand of the grain size ο to 3, filled.

In the embodiment described, the dummy joints 8, Io have a cross section in the form of a narrow open rectangle on, which extends from the top of the laying unit 2 downwards. Instead, you can also use dummy joints Provide dummy joints on the underside of the installation information "2" on the top and bottom, dl "above it hJhaus laterally against each other can be offset and form inclined predetermined breaking zones 6o in the laying unit 2. For the production of the laying units 2 It can also be advantageous to extend the side walls of the shafts in a slightly conical shape towards the inside.

Any hardenable material can be used as the material for the laying units 2 Consider substances that meet the respective requirements in terms of malleability, price and strength. Preferred concrete is used.

5 0 9 8 11/0411

--31 -

2 * The size of the laying unit 2 is about 1 m, smaller or larger laying units 2 can of course be used. The larger the laying unit 2, the more economical the laying of the composite is; However, the size of the laying unit 2 is limited upwards by the dimensions of the production machine for producing the laying unit 2 and by the load-bearing capacity of the laying devices.

The further exemplary embodiment of the composite shown in FIG. 3 comprises laying units 2 with, without taking into account the recesses of a square shape, in which on the long sides two recesses 2o are provided in each case. The laying units 2 are through dummy joints 8 in the longitudinal direction and dummy joints Io subdivided in the transverse direction into elements 4o, which, as described in detail in connection with FIG. 1, have a cross-connection pattern and are connected via predetermined breaking zones 6o. The rectangular elements 4o are in this embodiment however, with their longitudinal extension in the transverse direction of the laying unit 2.

2o The recesses are T-shaped, so to speak, the cross bar of the T forms the open side of the recesses, the recesses * 2o are formed, including in the cross composite pattern of -Scheinfugen 8, Io and taking the surface of two elements, a 4o.

50-981 1 / OA 1 1

The individual laying units 2 are offset by half a length arranged against one another, in other words, also laid in a cross connection. Those in those without mutual misalignment Create facing recesses 2o on the longitudinal sides 4 of the laying units 2 inserted supplementary stones 3o a horizontal composite in the longitudinal direction of the laying units 2, while a horizontal composite in the transverse direction of the laying units 2 is created by the mutual offsetting of the laying units 2.

The supplementary stones 3o have the shape of a cross of length 4a and width 3a. You can also, as with dashed Lines indicated, optically divided by flat dummy joints according to the shape of the elements 4o or by sufficiently deep dummy joints must be pre-notched so that they are along the predetermined breaking zones created as a result, like the laying units 2 break. In this way, the pattern of the elements 4o can also be used in the case of supplementary stones 3o, which form the surface Take several elements 4o, continue over the entire network. Of course, instead of the cross-shaped supplementary stones 3o, four supplementary stones of the same size as the elements can be used 4o can be used.

In the exemplary embodiment of the assembly shown in FIG. 4, laying units 2 with essentially rectangular · Form provided, the length of which is twice as large as the width. As in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the laying unit is 2 through dummy joints 8 in the longitudinal direction and dummy

5 098.11 / 0411

Join Io in the transverse direction in rectangular elements 4o of length 2a and the width a, which are connected to one another by predetermined breaking zones 6o. In the middle of the transverse sides 6 points each laying unit 2 has a recess 2o, two recesses 2o are provided on the longitudinal sides 4, which are arranged in the middle of each longitudinal side half. While the recesses 2o on the transverse sides of the installation unit 2 by omitting the half elements 4o present there in the undisturbed cross connection pattern in the form of a square of the side length a, is to create the recesses 2o on the longitudinal sides 4 of the laying unit 2 slightly modified the uniform cross-bond pattern by using the undisturbed cross-bond pattern there rectangular elements 4o one half was omitted.

50981 1/0 A 1 1. "

The laying units 2 are in this embodiment Herringbone connection laid and butted together along joints 12. In addition to that already given by laying herringbone The composite effect of the laying units 2 with one another, the additional stones 3o used create a fine-grain composite effect, the mutual displacement of the laying units 2 along the joints 12 prevented.

In Fig. 5, as a further embodiment, a composite with essentially, i.e. with the exception of the recesses 2o on the circumference the laying unit 2, shown square outline. Each parallel to this imaginary square outline Dummy joints 8 and Io run through the top of the installation unit 2. The dummy joints 8 and Io each have a distance of the size 2a and 2 from each other or from the base of the recesses 2o thus form a pattern of square fields on the upper side of the laying unit 2. Each of these fields is now either by further dummy joints 9, which run parallel to the dummy joints 8, or by further dummy joints 11, which run parallel to the Dummy joints Io run, divided into two rectangular elements 4o, in such a way that in each case the neighboring squares of a certain square are subdivided in the other direction than the considered square itself.

The edges 4 and 6 of the scope of the laying units 2 provide rectangular recesses 2o 2a of the length and the width a, dio with their longitudinal extension in the main extension direction of the respective edge 4 or 6 and recognized by pattern continuing

509811/04 11

BATH

Add further elements 4o in the longitudinal direction of the respective edge 4 or 6 can be thought of the pattern of square fields described. The top of the installation unit is divided into so-called parquet patterns in this way by a network of dummy joints 8, Io, and the recesses 2o are each Continuation of the parquet pattern with omitted elements 4o.

Adjacent laying units 2 are placed next to one another with the interposition of a joint 12 in such a way that corresponding recesses face each other without misalignment.

At the corners of the laying units 2, as shown on the left in FIG. 5, the recesses of two are superimposed Edges of larger recesses of length 3a and width a. While in the recesses 2o in the middle area of the edges 4, two rectangular supplementary stones 3o of the shape of the elements 4o are inserted, is an insertion of at the corners six additional stones 3o required. It can be seen that the pattern of the elements 4o by the supplementary stones 3o completely is continued across the entire network. However, it is also possible, instead of supplementary stones 3o the size of the Elements 4o corresponding larger, for example square supplementary stones of edge length 2a, in the mutually facing Insert recesses 2o.

In Fig. 5 on the right it is shown how by a corresponding configuration the laying unit 2 with a further element 4o the formation of large corner recesses can be avoided.

50981 1/041 1

, ■ · ■■ · - · - - -. '; - - · ■ 2337816 "' ■

- 36 -

The exemplary embodiments described so far have consistently shown rectangular elements 40 with a length 2a and a width a. It is obvious / that other proportions of Lange to width of the elements are possible.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, each laying unit 2 of the composite is arranged in a herringbone pattern Rectangular elements 40 of length 2a..and the width a constructed / the one below the other via dummy joints 8 and 10 created Predetermined breaking zones 60 are related. The outline of the laying unit 2 can be imagined to have arisen from one large herringbone pattern a fencing corner with twelve element widths Length and seven element widths width was cut out and then cut through the perimeter of the rectangle Elements to create the recesses 2o were removed from the laying unit 2. The cut through the herringbone pattern should be guided so that at the edges 6 in the transverse direction of the laying unit each have a recess in the middle of the edge 6 is created. On the outer longitudinal edges 4 of the laying unit 2, three recesses 20 are then formed in each case, those on opposite sides Longitudinal edges 4 of the laying unit 2 are offset from one another by an element width. To a laying unit 2 are now in the longitudinal direction along the joints 12 v / additional laying units are laid out without lateral displacement, while in the transverse direction to the. Laying unit 2 the adjacent laying unit 2 is connected laterally offset by three element widths, so that the recesses 20 of the adjacent laying units 2 face one another

509811/0411

. opposite. The facing recesses 20 are in turn filled with supplementary stones 30 approximately the size of the element, so that the composite shows a continuous and uniform herringbone pattern.

The laying unit 2 can also be in a larger format, for example with double width, verv / ends v / earth, so that also in the Transverse edge 6 creates several recesses.

In all of the previously described execution examples the individual elements 40 of the laying unit 2 and also the connecting stones 30 each have a rectangular shape. Additional benefits however, it offers a design of the contour of the recesses 20 and, accordingly, of the supplementary stones 30. Bulges and indentations, This results in a tensile bracing of neighboring ones Laying units can be achieved. The shape of the recesses and the supplementary stones can also be in the shape of the individual elements 40 return. These bulges and indentations can be created in a periodic, axially or centrally symmetric or any other Arrangement are created. In FIGS. 7 and 8 show two exemplary embodiments from the large number of possible variations shown as a detail from the laying units 2 according to FIG. 6. ■ - ■■ ■ ■ - - -

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the Elements 40 a pre-drawn by the dummy joints 8 and 10 shape according to DT-AS 1 459 739. The recesses 20 and the Er-

509811/0411

• Complementary stones 30 v / iron also have the same shape. If the elements are designed with projections and recesses, a particularly good horizontal composite effect of the elements with one another is ensured.

The outline of the elements 40 / the recesses 20 and the supplementary stones 30 is provided in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 in the form of sinusoidal lines, each of which corresponds to the Place of the rectilinear side boundaries according to FIG. 6 have occurred. In this embodiment, too, there is a tensile connection of the two adjacent installation units 2 and a particularly effective Horizon talverbund 'of the elements 40 among each other.

The composite of the embodiment shown in Fig. 9 can be thought of as adding a further series of elements 40, which has the width of an element width, think of the longitudinal side of the laying unit 2 shown in FIG. 6. The shape of the elements 40, the recesses 2O and the supplementary stones 30 corresponds to that shown in FIG Execution example.

In addition to the opposite side edges 6 of the installation 2 are also "the" opposite in this "exemplary embodiment" Side edges 4 of the laying unit are designed to be mirror images of one another. The network now consists of none Direction of mutually offset laying units 2 and out · in

... 509811 / OA11

the facing recesses 20 inserted connecting stones 30, v / ie shown. But also with this shape of the laying units 2 is the creation of a network with laying units laterally offset from one another in the longitudinal direction 2 possible. .

At one corner A of each laying unit 2, this configuration The clock form of the association is, however, a specially shaped one Recess 21, which is twice as large as all possible savings 20 of the laying unit 2 in question and each takes two half supplementary stones 30. Disadvantages ^ for the network do not arise from this, however, only when the laying unit 2 is stacked vertically, it is expediently ensured that that the corner A comes to rest on the upper edge of the laying unit 2.

0 9 811/0411

While in the embodiments described so far, the supplementary stones for the horizontal composite effect of the laying units Contributed among each other, embodiments are described below, in which the L'rgänzungssteine and the Recesses in one direction effective vertical bonding surfaces on v / iron.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the outline of the laying units 2 of the composite emerged from a square outline. Each laying unit 2 is divided by first apparent joints 8, 10 on the top of the laying unit 2 into twenty-one elements 40 which are square when viewed from above. These Forrasteinelemente are connected to each other over the top of the laying unit 2 running predetermined breaking zones 60, v / obei the predetermined breaking zones 60 through the first dummy joints 8, 10 formed in the form of free recesses on the upper side of the laying unit 2 and through on the underside of the laying unit 2 with lateral Distance from the first dummy joints 8, 10 arranged second dummy joints 8 ', 10 ¹ , also in the form of free recesses, are formed. The first dummy joints 8, 10 and the second dummy joints 8 ¹ , 10 each run parallel to the edges 4, 6 of the laying unit 2, which in the basic shape describe a square.

In the middle of each side of the laying unit 2 is in place of one Element 40 arranged a recess 20, which in its upper half has an outline 26 in the form of an open square

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

- -41

owns.

Each laying unit 2 has projections 3 on its circumference and recesses 5 provided. The projections 3 have the shape of a protruding step with half the height of a laying unit and a length of two element lengths. They each extend starting from a recess 20 to the right until just before the corner of the respective laying unit 2, from the recesses 20 starting rrrh left, the recesses 5 also extend from the in the form of a set back step half the height of the laying unit 2. On the inner contour 26 of the recesses 20, projections 22 and 24 are also arranged, which occupy half the height of the laying unit 2 in this exemplary embodiment. The projections 24 are each on arranged on the side of the recess 20 which is adjacent to the projection 3 on the outline 4 of the laying unit 2. The protrusions are so long that they merge into the projections 6. The protrusions 22 on the opposite side of the recess 20 are slightly shorter than the recess corresponds to, so ~ that the respective recess 5 on the outline of the laying unit 2 goes through undisturbed to the recess 20. The projections or recesses 3, 5, 22 and 24 are limited on their upper side by horizontal surfaces 7 and 23, respectively. It should be particularly emphasized that these surfaces are also inclined with respect to the horizontal, preferably inclined to the center of the recess 20 may be formed. '. ORIGiMAL INSPECTED

: 1. AP.9 8JMZ-QAXl: -: ι _: ___.! "

• - 42 -

The individual laying units 2 are laid so that the recesses 20 adjacent laying units 2 face one another. In the horizontal direction remains between the individual Laying units 2 a joint 12 to accommodate thermal Expansion of the composite, which can be filled with sand or filled with bitumen, for example. In those facing each other Recesses 20 in adjacent laying units 2 are each rectangular supplementary stones 3ü when viewed from above inserted from above. The supplementary stones 30 have a two-layer structure, v / above the lower layer through in the longitudinal direction of the supplementary stone 30 running recesses 32 of half the supplementary stone height is created. The transition from the lower class Horizontal surfaces 33 form the top layer of the supplementary stone 30.

When laying the laying units 2 together, the projections now grip 3 into the respective opposing recesses 5, whereby a vertical composite effect of the laying units 2 with one another is achieved. At the point of the inserted supplementary stones 30, a Hörizontalverbund effect between the laying units 2 and, in addition, a vertical composite effect that is effective in one direction. The horizontal vertical toothing surfaces 7, 23 and 33 can also be designed as inclined surfaces be. In addition, if appropriate height tolerances are provided, joints filled with sand can also be formed in the vertical direction on these toothed surfaces, for example.

The composite shown in sections in FIGS v / eist laying units 2 with a substantially rectangular shape, which by first dummy joints 8, IO on the top of the

in
Laying unit 2 in / the plan view double-T-shaped elements 40 are divided. The surface shape of the molded stone elements 40 defined by the first dummy joints 8, 10 is known per se. It arises when recesses 44 are provided in a rectangular shaped stone, the inner boundaries of which extend parallel to the original longitudinal sides of the stone and the side boundaries of which are sloping towards the outside. In this way, a recess 44 in the form of an open trapezoid is formed, into which the head pieces of two adjacent shaped blocks that are not affected by the recesses can be partially inserted. Such shaped bricks can therefore be mutually offset along each other by half a brick length.

The individual elements 40 of each laying unit 2 are connected via predetermined breaking zones 60 which run at an angle to the upper side of the laying unit 2. To create such predetermined breaking zones 60, in addition to the first dummy joints 8, IO, second dummy joints 8 ¹ , 10 are provided on the underside of the laying unit 2 , as indicated in a laying unit 2 in FIG. 3 by dashed lines. The second dummy joints 8l are provided over most of their length with a lateral distance from the first dummy joints 8, which is in -Longitudinal-

1 / ΙΠ4 / 1 ? ^ ^Ιι ίΜ = Μ - ^ -—

- -.44 -

the direction of the laying unit 2 can be realized in a particularly simple manner by straight two-sided dummy joints 8 ', the pieces alternately on one and the other

1 *

Side of the first dummy joints 8 run. In the transverse direction of the laying unit 2, for example, the second dummy joints are grounded 10 ′ arranged alternately on one side and on the other side of the first dummy joints 10.

On the transverse side of the laying unit 2, every second half element 40 is left to form recesses 20. The head pieces 42 of the remaining elements 4O are each provided with recesses 5 below, while at the supplementary stones in the area of the recesses 44 lower projections 34 are arranged / so that in a lower layer of the supplementary stone 30 is restored to the full rectangular format. The recesses 5 and the projections 34. are About inclined vertical tooth surfaces 7 and 35 to the from the top visible respective outline connected. The supplementary stones 30 are each pulling one another in two. -walled recesses 20 of the adjacent laying units -2 inserted from below. When laying the composite you can proceed so that first the supplementary stones 30 at each raised laying unit 2 from below with a half .In a recess 20..einsetzt and then the laying unit in question 2 is deposited on the prepared subgrade. When creating the next adjacent laying unit 2, more

ORiGiNAL I ₂ V "' ^r '

Supplementary stones 30 only on one transverse side of the laying unit 2 inserted from below, while the recesses 20 on the other transverse side of the laying unit of above over those already laid with the adjacent laying unit 2 Supplementary stones 30 pushed on v / earth. Between adjacent laying units 2 and between the respective laying unit and the inserted supplementary stone 30 are joints 12.

Devices can also be provided on the longitudinal sides of the laying units 2 which create a vertical composite effect between adjacent laying units 2. For example, the recesses 44 of the elements 40 located on the edge can be provided with projections in a manner similar to the supplementary stones 30 which occupy part of the height of the recess 44. Corresponding recesses - in a lower region of the head pieces 42 of the adjacent laying unit 2 can then engage at this point via the projections 32. Means shallower ribs at half the height of the recess 44 and corresponding slots in the head pieces 42, a u ch can achieve in two directions v / ffective vertical teeth adjacent laying units. 2

Composite of the "in FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 ^ äusFchnittsweiscF represented v / eist laying units 2 of substantially rectangular shape. The top of each laying unit 2 is eilige- by first dummy joints in a pattern of rectangular elements 40 'divides after Art a herringbone composite pattern are arranged.

^: ~ 5 0 9ΪΪΊ70ΙΥΤ ⁷ "^

- .46 -

9 ι

^{The second dummy joints 8 ', 10 1} assigned to the first dummy joints 8, Io to create inclined predetermined breaking zones 6o on the underside of the laying unit 2 are designed in a zigzag shape corresponding to the outline of a known shaped stone according to DT-AS 1 459 739 , the prongs projecting equally far on both sides of the associated first dummy joint 8 'or 10 *, as indicated in a corner of FIG. 14 with dashed lines.

Each laying unit 2 has a length of eight element widths and a width of seven element widths. In all places at

which would have to be cut at a corresponding rectangular section of a \ Pischgrätverbundmuster elements 40 'square by omitting corresponding element halves recesses 20 are formed. On the entire outer circumference of each _:

ί Laying unit 2 are sawtooth-like according to DT-AS 1 7o8 675 resp.

of DT-Gbm 6 9 39 799 in a lower layer of Verlegeein- \ unit 2 projections or protrusions 16 and recesses or j

Indentations 18 are provided. The transition to the vertical order.

crack surfaces 19 of the top layer create inclined toothing

opening areas 15. ·

As shown in the drawing on two mutually facing recesses 2o, the outline of the recesses 2o with; two recesses 28, which also serve as indentations, which have the shape of the recesses 16. From the fact that these recesses 28 are also only in a lower layer the laying unit 2 are formed, it follows that the er-

50981 1 / OAT 1

complement stone 3o during laying only from below in two facing recesses of adjacent laying units can be used. A corresponding method of insertion during laying has already been described above.

A rectangular stone is used as a supplementary stone 3o, which has projections on its long sides in a lower layer or bulges 36 as well as recesses or indentations 38 and only recesses or indentations 38 on its transverse side according to DT-AS 1 708 675. The shape of these projections 36 and recesses 38 in turn corresponds to the shape of the projections 16 and the recesses 18 on the circumference of the installation unit. The recesses 38 are not used for the composite effect Function too.

The embodiment of the composite shown in FIG. 17 is that in FIGS. 14 to 16 shown very similar. In the embodiment shown here, however, are on the whole Inner contour of the recesses 2o corresponding to the shape of the outer contour of the laying unit 2 in a lower layer the laying unit 2 at the same time serving as a bulge projections 29 and at the same time serving as an indentation recesses 28 are provided, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the projections 16 and recesses 18 on the outer contour of the laying unit 2. On the other hand, he points Inserted supplementary stone 3o only has recesses 38 and can therefore be moved from above into the laying units that have already been laid insert into facing recesses 2o. Instead of the projections provided in the previous embodiment

509811/04 11

ge 36 on the outline of the supplementary stone are vertical outlines here intended; the recesses 28 have no function for the composite effect.

^{The second dummy joints 8 1} , 1O ¹ assigned to the first dummy joints 8, Io to create inclined predetermined breaking zones 6o on the underside of the laying unit 2 are undulating, the waves on both sides of the assigned first dummy joint 8 ¹ or IO 'being the same size.

In Fig. 18 a selection of known shaped bricks is compiled, which are used in the invention as supplementary stones 3o or as a model for the shape of the individual elements 4ö can. A) is a shaped stone with two flat end faces and two axially symmetrical, corrugated Longitudinal surfaces. The shaped stone, as shown in b), has two opposing corrugated end faces and two, through Parallel shifting into one another, zigzag-shaped longitudinal surfaces.

The shaped block shown under c) is essentially double-T-shaped formed and has two straight faces.

The shaped stone shown under d) has the shape of a distorted one Z and is described in more detail in DT-PS 960 359.

The composite stone shown under e) has two flat end faces; the longitudinal surfaces by parallel displacement ■ "" ■ "·" ■ · "5Ό98 1 ^1/1 OA 11

~ "■ - ■ ·« "ORlGiNALlNSPECTED

Can be converted into one another and show the shape of a central wave with two laterally adjoining half waves.

The shaped stone shown under f) can be compared with the shape of a T, in which an indentation is arranged at the top in the middle. All corner edges with the exception of the lower corners on the horizontal leg of the T are broken with larger 45 bevels. Furthermore the shape of this shaped stone is described in more detail in DT-PS 1 119 315. ·

£ n Fig. 19 shows a section through a laying unit 2, the -aufweist an outgoing from the top 70 of the laying unit 10 · free dummy. The dummy joint 10 has a rectangular profile in cross section. Any other profile can be selected as the cross-sectional profile, and the corners can also be chamfered or rounded.

After the laying unit 2 has been laid at the intended location, a break into individual elements 40 is produced, for example, by shaking it in with an unbalance machine, due to the traffic or also due to the thermal stress on the covering plate. As a result of the dummy joint 10, a break occurs along a predetermined breaking zone 60, which extends from the base 80 of the dummy joint 60 to the opposite; ¹ underside 72 of the laying unit 2 extends.

In the PIg. 20 to 24 are now several exemplary embodiments, shown, which show how the height of the dummy joint 60 changes over its length. If also. in all. Figures an installation.

50981 1/041 1

unit 2 is shown, in which the Soheinfuge IO from the Top side 70 extends into the interior of the laying unit 2 starting out, so the invention can be used in the same way for installation units 2 in which a dummy joint of the underside 72 of the laying unit 2 goes out or where starting from both the upper side 70 and the lower side 72 Dummy joints 10 are provided. In the case of dummy joints provided both on the upper side 70 and on the lower side 72 10, these can be perpendicular to one another and also have a lateral distance from one another, creating the predetermined breaking zone 60 forms an angle with the vertical.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 20, the base 80 of the dummy joint 10 runs in an undulating manner. This wave profile 80 may consist of a periodic succession of "waves" of equal height, as shown. Height and length of the "waves" however, they can also change regularly or irregularly if advantages can be expected for certain areas of application are.

In the further exemplary embodiment shown in FIG the base 80 of the dummy joint 10 runs as a periodic zigzag line. The height and period length of these points can be selected within wide limits depending on the intended purpose. Also more irregular Longitudinal profiles are conceivable, a special characteristic is in this embodiment in the formation of upward and downward points at the base 80 of the dummy joint 10.

50 9811 / OA11

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 22, the The height of the dummy joint 10 is the height of the entire laying unit 2 piece by piece. The predetermined breaking zone 60 is thereby divided into several predetermined breaking sections 60 'subdivided. In the example shown, the predetermined breaking sections 60 'are evenly spaced from one another, however uneven spacing is also within the scope of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the predetermined breaking sections 6o 'has a rectangular longitudinal profile 8o.

This longitudinal profile of the individual predetermined breaking sections 60 formed by the base 80 of the dummy joint 10 ^! can be varied in many ways. Thus, in Fig. 23 an embodiment is shown in which the longitudinal profiles are sections of ellipses. The embodiment shown in Fig. 24 shows longitudinal profiles 80, which consist of vertical and in the longitudinal direction obliquely extending sections, so that in the longitudinal section the individual predetermined breaking sections 6o 'assume the shape of a rectangle with an attached triangle.

The from the predetermined breaking zone 60 or its breaking sections 60 ' The area occupied in the longitudinal section is dimensioned in such a way that the laying unit has the stability required for laying possesses, but can be safely divided into individual elements ^ O using the methods described or similar. The relationship of the entire longitudinal sectional area of the laying unit 2 The area occupied by the predetermined breaking zone 60 or the predetermined breaking sections 6o 'depends, among other things, on the size of the Laying unit 2, according to the strength of the material used -

50981 1/041 1

as well as according to the geometric shape of the base 80 of the Dummy joint 10.

Laying units 2, in which the height of the dummy joints 10 changes along their length, have been shown schematically on a laying unit 2 with a single dummy joint 10 and two elements i | o described. It is understood that according to the principles described Laying units with a large number of dummy joints 10 and elements 40 and in particular also laying units with recesses 20 on the circumference to accommodate supplementary stones J50 are constructible.

25 shows a laying unit 2- with free dummy joints 10 starting from the top side 70 of the laying unit 2 and crossing at right angles. From the base 80 of the dummy joints 10, predetermined breaking zones 60 extend to the underside 72 of the laying unit 2. An insert made of elongated material particles 90 is provided in the laying unit 2 approximately halfway up the predetermined breaking zones 60. In the case of the illustrated exemplary embodiment, wire sections are involved that lie in the material of the laying unit 2 with an irregular orientation. In the case of higher demands on the strength-increasing effect of the insert, however, a preferred orientation of the material particles 90 can also be provided transversely to the direction in which the predetermined breaking zone 60 extends. In any case, the material particles 90 lying transversely to the predetermined breaking zone 60 bring about a tie-rod-like connection of the elements 40 connected via the predetermined breaking zone 60, whereby, for example during trans- ■

509811/04 11

port or during laying, the tensile strength of the material of the laying unit 2 is increased. In addition, it is also after the break the predetermined breaking zones 60 given an improved composite effect of the elements 40.

During the production of the laying unit 2 according to FIG For example, the procedure is such that first a lower layer of material for the laying unit 2 is placed in a mold, then the particles of material 90 from a container above the mold sprinkled on the introduced material layer and then poured the remaining material for the laying unit 2 into the mold,

FIG. 26 shows a laying unit 2 similar to that described with reference to FIG. 23. An insert of threads 92 lying parallel to one another, for example nylon or other types of plastic threads, runs through the entire laying unit 2 and in particular the individual predetermined breaking sections ^{60 f.} which are gripped during transport or laying, are connected to one another, i.e. a tensile strength-increasing effect in the direction of the highest tensile stress to be expected is achieved.

In the manufacture of the laying unit shown in FIG. 26, the procedure is that initially all of the required Material for the laying unit 2 is introduced into a form that then, for example from a corresponding roller, the

509811/0411

Threads 92 are pulled off and placed on the material introduced into the mold. Then, from above, a molded part in the form of a recess plate 98 sinks into the material of the laying unit 2 and presses the threads 92 with its regions that protrude furthest down onto the bottom of the mold. The threads 92, however, which are not grasped by these regions that protrude furthest downwards, are not pressed down to the bottom of the mold, but rather arch ^{upwards and consequently pull through the predetermined breaking sections 60 1} at a height which is above the bottom of the mold.

One recognizes. That below the furthest downward protruding Areas 99 of the recess plate 98 also a thin layer of material of the laying unit 2 can be present. Such thin layers of material should be defined by the phrase "dummy joint sections that take up the entire height of the installation unit" not be excluded.

The most downwardly projecting areas 99 of the recess plate 98 are provided on their sides facing the predetermined breaking sections 60 'with under-engagement projections 100 which, in a longitudinal section through the recess plate 98, have an outwardly inclined upper edge. These sub-gripping projections 100 serve to additionally hold the laying unit 2 in the mold frame after the bottom of the mold has been pulled off. In a plan view of the recess plate 98, the overlapping projections have a triangular cross-section and thus form an inclined section on their upper side , corresponding to the respective predetermined breaking section

509811/041 1

60 facing cutting edge. This cutting edge then displaces the overlying material of the laying unit 2 when the cutout sheet 98 is pulled out, as a result of which predetermined breaking sections 6O ¹ arise, which are scored in their lateral edge regions in the withdrawal direction of the cutout sheet 98.

27 shows a laying unit 2 similar to that described with reference to FIG. 20. About halfway up the predetermined breaking zone 60, the laying unit 2 is traversed by an insert in the form of a mesh or fabric 9k made of steel wire or plastic strands. This fabric is relatively wide-meshed and can be laid on this first material layer, unwound from a corresponding supply roll after a first layer of material has been introduced into a mold for the laying unit 2, whereupon the remaining material for the laying unit 2 is introduced into the mold. As a result of the wide meshes of the fabric, the two material layers connect with one another easily. The fabric 9 ^ is a flexible sheet-like structure which on the one hand creates the desired increase in tensile strength of the material of the laying unit 2, but on the other hand does not prevent the breaking zones 60 from breaking, for example according to the method described above. The strength of the fabric 9 ^ can also be selected, for example, so that the elements 40 remain cohesive with one another even when the predetermined breaking zones 60 are broken.

50981 1/041 1

Claims (1)

- 56 - Expectations 1.) Composite of elements forming a cough, with in the Laying units included in the composite, which combine elements of the composite in large groups via predetermined breaking zones and which adjoin one another at their circumference, characterized in that at the border of adjacent laying units (2) each one or more elements of the network as individual Supplementary stones (30) are formed which engage in both adjacent laying units. 2. Composite according to claim 1, characterized in that _:. characterized in that all supplementary stones (30) have the same porin. 3. The composite according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pattern is a herringbone composite pattern. 4. The composite according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the laying units (2) against each other are offset. 5. A composite according to claim ¹ J, characterized in that the laying units (2) are laid in the herringbone assembly for themselves. 509811/0411 6. Composite according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that indicates that the facing openings (30) stanchions (20) and the supplementary stone used in each case / in the horizontal direction at least partially one behind the other, Bulges and indentations (FIGS. 7 to 9; 28, 36; 29; 38) which the adjacent laying units (2) transversely to the intermediate joint Connect (12) to each other in a tensile manner. 7. Composite according to one of claims 1 to 6 > characterized in that the facing openings (30) ments (20) and the supplementary stone used / at least partially overlapping projections and recesses (28, 36; 29, 38) which displace the respective supplementary stone (30) relative to the adjacent laying units (2) limit at least in one vertical direction. 8. Composite according to claims β and 7, characterized thereby, indicates that the recesses (20) facing each other and the supplementary stone used in each case (30) envisaged, consecutive booking out and booking in "tungeri at the same time as "projections and recesses (28, 36-; 29, 38) only are formed in a lower layer of the composite. 509811/0411 9.. Composite according to claim 8, characterized in that that the contour surfaces of the recesses (20) projections and recesses (29, 28) and the circumference of each inserted Verb indimgsste ines only have setbacks (38). 10 .. composite according to claim, characterized in that that the outlines of the recesses are only remnants r ^x (28) and the scope of the supplementary stone used Have projections and recesses (36, 38). Ii. Laying unit for a composite according to one of the claims 1 to 10, - identified by on the circumference (4, 6) distributed and occupying the entire height of the laying unit (2) Recesses (20) for receiving additional stones (30). 12 · Laying unit according to claim H, characterized in that it is not that the recesses (20) are provided on all sides of the laying unit (2). 13. Laying unit according to claim n_ or 12 »thereby g e indicates that all recesses (20) have the same shape. l ^; ft. Laying unit according to one of claims 11 to 13, with mutually identical elements, characterized in that • '. ■ ORIGINAL INSPECTED 509811/041 1. n e t that the recesses (20) each require the surface area partially replace an element (40), preferably as an integer fraction. 15. Verlcgeeinheit according to claim IJ ^ characterized that the recesses (20) replace the surface area of half an element (40). 16. Laying unit according to one of claims n to 13 ₉ characterized in that the recesses (20) each represent the surface of at least one element (AO) replace completely. 17. Laying unit according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized characterized in that the recesses (20) are arranged in mirror image to one another on a pair of opposite sides (4; 6) of the respective laying unit (2). 18 ;. Laying unit according to claim "17, characterized in that 'g eke η η-' shows that the recesses are also on the 'other (2) opposite sides of the respective installation unit to each other are arranged in mirror image. 19th Laying unit according to one of claims n to ip, characterized characterized in that the element (40) of the pattern is formed centrally symmetrically, two squares over— 5-09811 / 0411 originally inspected covers and has bulges and indentations on its four sides, which are caused by parallel displacement of opposite pairs of sides are convertible into one another. 20. Laying unit, in particular according to one of claims 11 to 19 and in particular for a composite according to one of the claims 1 to 10, in which at least one predetermined breaking zone is provided on the upper and / or lower side of the installation unit Dummy joints is pre-formed, characterized in that the height changes at least along one dummy joint (10). 21. Laying unit according to claim 20, characterized in that the height of the dummy joint (10) is periodic changes. 22. Laying unit according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the height of the dummy joint (10) changes discontinuously. 23 · Laying unit according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the base (80) of the dummy joint (10) Is formed wave-shaped. 2k. Laying unit according to one of Claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the base (80) of the dummy joint (10) is jagged. 509811/04 25. Laying unit according to one of claims 20 to 2 * 1, characterized in that the dummy joint (10) has at least one section which occupies the entire height of the Veriegeeinheit (2), ..obei the Sollbruchzor.e (60) in several individual predetermined breaking ^{sections (60 f} ) is divided. 26. Laying unit according to claim 25, characterized in that the individual predetermined breaking sections (60 ') in the Longitudinal section through the predetermined breaking section each have the same shape. 27. Laying unit nach'Anspruch 25 or 26, characterized in that the predetermined breaking portion (60 ') in of the laying unit (2) is delimited by a line (80) which has a plurality of straight or curvilinear pieces, wherein both the angle facing the Sollbruehabschnitt, at which the individual pieces adjoin one another, as well as the Sollbruehabschnitt facing confluence angle in a flat side of the installation unit are smaller than 180 °. 28. Laying unit according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the Sollbruehabschnitt in longitudinal section is bounded by a polygon (80) whose angles facing the Sollbruehabschnitt are all less than 180 °. 29. Laying unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the polygon course (80) is a triangle, a rectangle or circumscribes a rectangle with an attached triangle. 509811/041 1 30. Laying unit according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the predetermined breaking section (60 ¹ ) is delimited in longitudinal section by a convexly curved curve (80), the tangents of which at the junction points in a laying unit flat side (72) at an angle of include less than 180 °. 31. Laying unit according to claim 30, characterized in that g e k e η η that the curve (80) has a piece of a circular circumference or an elliptical circumference. 32. Laying unit, in particular according to one of claims 11 to 31 and in particular for a composite according to one of claims 1 to. 10, characterized in that an insert (90; 92; 94) in the laying unit (2) is provided, which extends from at least one element (40) to an adjacent element ⁽¹ IO) transverse to the intermediate predetermined breaking zone (60) . 33. Laying unit according to claim 32, characterized in that the insert (90; 92; 9 ¹ O runs through the whole laying unit (2). 3 ¹ I. Laying unit according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that the insert is designed as a flexible, net-like flat structure (94). 35. Laying unit according to one of claims 32 to 34> characterized in that the insert as a wide-meshed 509811/0411 Scrim (92), braid, fabric (9Ό or knitted fabric from elongated Strands is formed. 36. Laying unit according to one of claims 32 to 35, characterized by K e with a plastic, textile, fiberglass or wire insert. 37. Laying unit according to claim 32 or 33 * characterized by an insert made of irregularly in one Distribute level parallel to the flat lines of the laying unit (2) elongated particles of material (90). 33. Laying unit according to one of claims 32 to 37 » in which the predetermined breaking zone (ή) is (are) divided into several individual predetermined breaking sections, characterized in that the lateral planks of the predetermined breaking sections (6O ¹ ) are scored. 39 · Method of manufacturing a laying unit according to a of claims 32 to 38 in a form wherein one or more Predetermined breaking zones are pre-formed by dummy joints provided on the upper and / or lower side of the laying unit (are), thereby characterized in that a first layer that of a material for the laying unit introduced in / form on the first layer is placed on the insert, the first layer and the insert are covered with a second layer of the material and then the "dummy joint (s) is (are) formed. 50981 1/041 1 -Sk- ί | 0. Method for producing a laying unit according to a of claims 32 to 38 in a form, wherein one or more predetermined breaking zones through on the top and / or bottom of the laying unit provided dummy joints is (are), characterized in that the shape initially with Material for the installation unit "filled, then before it hardens the insert is placed and finally pressed into the material at the same time as the dummy joints are formed. 41. A method for producing a laying unit according to claim 38, characterized in that the lateral edge areas of the predetermined breaking sections undergrips and in the form the undercut edge areas are displaced when stripping. 42. Device for carrying out the method according to claim Ί1, with a molded part for forming dummy joint sections which occupy the entire height of the installation unit and between which the predetermined breaking sections are arranged, characterized in that the molded part (98) has under-engagement projections (100) which in the direction of the predetermined breaking sections (60 ^r ) to end in a narrow edge. Ί3. Method for laying laying units according to one of the Claims 11 to 38 for a composite according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the laying units with facing recesses on a prepared Planum is laid and then the supplementary stones are inserted into the recesses facing each other. 509811/0 411 - 55 - ';' !. Method for laying laying units after a of claims 11 to 38 to form a composite according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a laying unit is laid on a prepared subgrade, that supplementary stones inserted in all recesses on one side so that another installation unit can be placed on the subgrade with the insertion of the The protrusion of the supplementary stones is set in recesses of the laying unit that again on the laying unit Supplementary stones are used and the process is repeated with new laying units and supplementary stones. 45. Method of laying laying units after a of claims 11 to 38 to form a composite according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that each with gripping members of a gripping device in the recesses of Laying unit intervened and this lifted and on the planning next to already laid laying units with little Joint spacing is discontinued, and that then the grasping organs again be withdrawn from the recesses. 46. The method according to claim H5, characterized in that the gripping members are brought into contact with friction on the inner contour of the recesses. 509811/0411 Blank page