Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W84/00—Network topologies
  • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
  • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
  • H04W84/16—WPBX [Wireless Private Branch Exchange]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a communication system comprising a cellular mobile communication network, which includes a mobile services switching center, a base station controller and base stations, as well as a private branch exchange (PBX) system having at least one base station.
• a cellular mobile communication network which includes a mobile services switching center, a base station controller and base stations, as well as a private branch exchange (PBX) system having at least one base station.
• PBX private branch exchange
• the conventional access technique to a fixed telephone network is a subscriber line (2-wire line) extending from a local exchange all the way to a subscriber's telephone.
• wireless access techniques are the fastest growing area within data communication.
• analogue cordless phones the CTI system, for example
• PSTN public switched telephone network
• the succeeding generation consisted of a digital cordless phone, known as the CT2 system.
• the CT2 system offered a telepoint service and a wireless Private Automatic Branch exchange (PABX) .
• PABX wireless Private Automatic Branch exchange
• DECT European digital wireless telephone system
• DECT is similar to the CT2, but utilizes TDMA technique.
• cordless systems based on radio interfaces of mobile communication systems, such as the NMT system have been realized wherein a subscriber's mobility related features are limited or completely non-existent.
• One form of wireless communication is represented 7/00588 PC17FI96/00354
• the subscribers may communicate with the network via any of the base stations of the network.
• the network maintains, at the subscriber database, the location information of the subscriber.
• the first MSC in the network carries out an enquiry to the subscriber database, and is provided with the routing address in the network.
• PABXs An interesting area within wireless communication is represented by wireless PABXs.
• PABXs or PBXs are, as known, a type of office-specific private telephone exchanges that have a plurality of extensions and a smaller number of trunk lines to the local exchange.
• inexpensive (free) internal calls can be set up from an extension to another, and external calls can be set up between an extension and a PSTN trunk line.
• a wireless PABX is typically, as to its basic structure, a conventional "wired" PABX, but the cabling within the building is partly or entirely replaced with radio connections .
• the radio standards potentially applicable to PABX applications are represent for example by the aforementioned CT2 and DECT, or solutions evolving from the Pan-European digital mobile communication system GSM.
• the advantages of wireless PABXs are claimed to include:
• a wireless PABX is typically implemented by using the CT2 or DECT radio interface at the extension end of the exchange.
• the trunk line of the PABX is in the conventional way connected to a PSTN local exchange. Consequently, the freer mobility provided by a wireless PABX is limited to the area covered by the base stations of the PABX itself, i.e. the office environment. Using phones outside the office is confined to telepoint services.
• the wireless PABX is integrated as a part of a mobile communication system.
• the- trunk line end of the wireless PABX is connected to the BSC or the MSC in the place of a conventional base station.
• the extension end of the PABX is implemented with CT2, DECT or similar radio interfaces similarly as in wireless PABXs connected to the PSTN network.
• wireless subscribers are managed like ordinary mobile subscribers in the mobile communication network. In principal, this enables a wireless subscriber to move from a wireless PABX to another if both PABXs are connected to the mobile communication network.
• prior art phones may be dual-mode devices so that they can operate both via the base stations of the wireless PABX and via the base stations of the mobile communication network.
• one subscriber equipment provides mobility within the entire mobile communication network and inexpensive PABX internal calls in the office.
• These solutions utilize procedures of the mobile communication network for establishing externals calls, making them more expensive.
• special solutions are typically required in the signalling between the elements of the mobile communication network and the signalling used in the radio interface of the PABX.
• dual-mode subscriber equipments are required in order to be able to utilize all the features of the mobile communication network, increasing the costs of the subscriber equipments.
• An object of the present invention is a communication system in which a wireless private exchange can be implemented in association with a mobile communication network in a way that requires less changes than before in the PABX or the mobile communication network.
• Yet another object of the invention is a communication system having similar radio interfaces and similar subscriber equipments at the mobile communication network and the wireless PABX.
• a communication system comprising a cellular mobile communication network, which includes a mobile services switching center, a base station controller and base stations, as well as a private exchange system having at least one base station.
• the system is characterized in that the subscriber side of the PABX system is connected to the BSC and the trunk side is connected to another communication network; the PABX base station is connected to the base station controller; t he base station controller is arranged to route subscriber calls originating from the PABX base station to the PABX system, and calls coming in via the PABX system to the PABX base station.
• the invention also relates to a method for establishing an outgoing call in a communication system comprising a cellular mobile communication network which contains a mobile services switching center, a base station controller and base stations, as well as a private branch (PABX) system having at least one base station, the method comprising the steps of transmitting a connection request from the subscriber to the base station controller via the PABX base station; activating call set-up.
• a communication system comprising a cellular mobile communication network which contains a mobile services switching center, a base station controller and base stations, as well as a private branch (PABX) system having at least one base station, the method comprising the steps of transmitting a connection request from the subscriber to the base station controller via the PABX base station; activating call set-up.
• PABX private branch
• the method is characterized by checking at the base station controller whether the transmitting party of the connection request is a PABX subscriber or a standard subscriber of the mobile communication network; routing the call of the PABX subscriber from the base station controller to the PABX system, whose subscriber side is connected to the base station controller and the trunk side to another communication network; connecting the call to the mobile services switching center if the subscriber is not a PABX subscriber.
• the invention also relates to a method for establishing a terminating call in a wireless communication system comprising a cellular mobile communication network which contains a mobile services switching center, a base station controller and base stations, as well as a private branch (PABX) system having at least one base station, in which method a call terminating to PABX subscriber is received in the PABX system.
• a wireless communication system comprising a cellular mobile communication network which contains a mobile services switching center, a base station controller and base stations, as well as a private branch (PABX) system having at least one base station, in which method a call terminating to PABX subscriber is received in the PABX system.
• PABX private branch
• the method is characterized by the steps of initiating, from the private branch exchange system, call establishment at the base station controller to which the subscriber side of the PABX system and said PABX base station are coupled; transmitting from the base station controller a paging message to said PABX subscriber via the PABX base station; receiving an acknowledgement message from the PABX subscriber; establishing a connection according to the mobile communication network between the base station controller and the PABX subscriber; and connecting a speech connection between the PABX subscriber and said PABX system via the base station controller and the PABX base station.
• the BSC of the mobile communication network is provided with an interface to which the extension side of the PABX is connected.
• the trunk line side of the PABX is connected to a local exchange of the PSTN network.
• One or more of the base stations under control of the BSC is placed in that space or building which is the desired location for an office cell of the wireless PABX. In this application, such a base station will be referred to as a PABX base station.
• a normal signalling interface of the mobile communication network and the PABX base station has a normal radio interface of the mobile communication network.
• the interface between the BSC and the PABX is also a normal PABX signalling interface towards the extensions. In a preferred embodiment of the invention this interface includes the normal PABX extensions, which are connected to the BSC.
• This concept makes it possible to obtain, for a PABX of a conventional fixed network, a radio interface of the mobile communication system without changing normal signalling interfaces.
• the only element for which the invention requires additional features is the BSC.
• the capacity of the BSC is shared to serve both PABX base stations and standard base stations of a mobile communication network at the same time.
• the probably long transmission connections between the BSC and the MSC are avoided when making local calls in the PABX, but the standard functions of the mobile communication network, such as authentication and ciphering, are still available.
• No special features are required of the subscriber stations of a wireless PABX; they may be ordinary mobile stations of a mobile communication network. As such, they can also operate via normal base stations of the mobile communication network.
• the mobile stations can also be treated as normal subscriber stations of the mobile communication network outside their home PABX base stations.
• a standard subscriber of a mobile communication network will be made a PABX subscriber by also allocating to him a PABX subscriber number.
• This subscriber number may be a PABX extension number or any other identifier that associates the mobile station with a specific PABX extension.
• the mobile subscriber's mobile station can serve as a cordless phone within the office building and as a normal mobile station outside.
• the routing of terminating calls is done in two ways.
• the public switched telephone network PSTN routes the call to the wireless PABX, and connecting the call to the mobile station is handled via the radio interface between the PABX and the BSC.
• the calling subscriber dials a PLMN number e.g. a MSISDN number
• the PSTN routes the call directly to the PLMN where the call is terminated with the normal call establishment procedure.
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustration of an extended base station controller
• Figure 3 is a signalling chart illustrating setting up of a mobile terminating call
• Figure 4 is a signalling chart illustrating setting up of a mobile originating call.
• the present invention is applicable to almost any mobile communication system if a wireless PABX or PBX is to be connected to a PABX system.
• GSM European digital cellular mobile communication system
• GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
• the basic elements of the GSM system are described in the GSM Recommendations.
• GSM recommendations and "The GSM System for Mobile Communications" by M. Mouly & M. Pautet, Palaiseau, France, 1992, ISBN: 2-9507190-0-7 is referred to.
• the GSM and a modification thereof, DCS1800 (Digital Communication System) operating at the 18-00 Mhz frequency range, are the primary targets for the invention, but it is not intended that the invention be restricted to these radio systems.
• FIG. 1 very briefly describes the basic elements of the GSM system.
• a mobile services switching centre MSC handles the connecting of incoming and outgoing calls. It performs functions similar to those of an exchange of a public switched telephone network (PSTN) . In addition to these, it also performs functions characteristic of mobile communications only, such as subscriber location management.
• the mobile stations MS are connected to the center MSC by base station systems.
• the base station system consists of a base station controller BSC and base stations BTS.
• An A interface is determined for the BSC towards to MSC, and an Abis interface towards the BTS. These interfaces are specified in the GSM recommendations.
• the system includes the home location register HLR and the visitor location register VLR.
• the HLR permanently stores the subscriber information as well as information on which VLR area the MS is located in.
• the visitor location register VLR temporarily stores the subscriber information of the subscribers visiting the VLR area.
• the VLR stores the subscriber's more detailed location information, i.e. the so-called location area identification.
• FIG. 1 also shows an office system implemented as a wireless PABX.
• the office system 10 comprises a conventional fixed network PABX whose extension cabling has been replaced with a radio interface. Accordingly, the office system 10 comprises at least one base station PABX_BTS under control of the PABX, the PABX_BTS creating an internal cell for the office (e.g. a building) .
• Cordless handsets can freely move within this cell and utilize the normal PABX functions, such as internal calls, calls to the public switched telephone network PSTN, etc.
• the trunk line side of the PABX is connected in the conventional way to the trunk lines from a local exchange or an ISDN exchange (or any other type of a communication exchange) of the PSTN.
• the extension side of the PABX is directly connected to the base station PABX_BTS.
• Figure 1 shows the extension side of the PABX being connected to the BSC of the mobile communication network PLMN.
• a special interface module IF is provided in the BSC for this purpose.
• such a base station controller in accordance with the invention is referred to as an extended base station controller XBSC.
• the PABX_BTS is connected to the extended base station controller by Abis, the normal BSC-BTS interface in the GSM system. Since the PABX_BTS is a normal GSM base station, also the radio interface of the wireless PABX in the office cell 10 is a GSM/DCS interface entirely in accordance with the recommendations. As a result, a conventional GSM/DCS mobile station can be used in the office cell 10 as a cordless handset 11. However, the invention does not prevent the base station PABX_BTS of the PABX system from having a different radio interface (e.g. DECT) than standard base stations of the mobile communication network. This results in that the subscriber stations of the PABX system must be dual-mode devices so as to be able to operate on both radio interfaces, which is a significant deterioration in comparison to the preferred embodiment.
• a different radio interface e.g. DECT
• the A interface between the MSC and the extended base station controller XBSC can be maintained as a normal GSM interface without any modifications.
• the features of the GSM/DCS interface can be can be issued to a standard PABX without changes in the standard signalling interfaces.
• the only element requiring alterations in the PLMN network is the extended base station controller XBSC.
• the capacity of the XBSC is shared to serve both PABX_BTS base stations and normal PLMN_BTS base stations at the same time. Thus, the probably long transmission connections between the BSC and the MSC are avoided when making local (internal) calls in the PABX.
• the standard functions of the mobile communication network such as authentication and ciphering, are still available.
• the subscribers of the mobile communication network have each been allocated unique identities in the mobile communication network, such as IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) in the GSM system.
• IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
• a mobile subscriber entitled to use the office cell is in addition allocated a PABX subscriber number, such a PABX subscriber number being for example a PABX extension number or some other suitable identification.
• a subscriber's mobile station MS provided with an IMSI and a PABX subscriber number can be used as a cordless handset within the office cell and as a standard mobile station of a mobile communication network outside the office cell. Routing mobile terminating calls is done in two ways.
• the PSTN When a calling PSTN subscriber dials a PABX subscriber number, the PSTN routes the call to the wireless PABX, and forwarding the call to the mobile station will be handled via the interface IF between the PABX and the XBSC.
• the calling subscriber dials a subscriber number (such as a MSISDN number) allocated to the subscriber in the mobile communication network
• the PSTN routes the call directly to the gateway MSC of the mobile communication network. Calls made from an MS in the office cell are routed by the XBSC to the PABX. This way the PABX internal calls can be switched directly without any MSC call control functions or connections via the MSC.
• the block diagram of Figure 2 is but one exemplary embodiment of the base station controller XBSC.
• the interface module IF is implemented depending on the PABX features so that a standard PABX can be coupled to an extended XBSC without alterations to the signalling and subscriber connections of the PABX.
• the PABX may be tailored as far as its signalling interface and extensions are concerned so that it is particularly well suitable to be connected to a base station controller. All the variations, however, are characterized in that the signalling and speech connections associated with the PABX subscriber side, i.e. extensions, are connected to the XBSC and not directly to the PABX base station as in prior art systems.
• the interface module IF of Figure 2 is implemented so that the extensions of a standard analog PABX can be coupled as such to the interface module IF. It is assumed that the PABX has n extensions. If that is the case, the interface module IF has N line modules, one per each PABX extension. Each line module comprises a D/A and A/D converter 21, a transcoder 22, a ring signal detector 23, a DTMF generator 3ON and an OFF/ON-HOOK switch 24.
• the D/A converter 21 converts the analog speech signal received from a PABX extension into a digital signal to be encoded in the transcoder 22 by a speech encoding method of the mobile communication system prior to sending it to the mobile communication network.
• the encoded speech signal received from the mobile communication network is decoded in the transcoder 22, and converted in the D/A converter 21 into an analog speech signal, which is fed to a PABX extension.
• the ring signal detector 23 is used in case of an incoming call to detect the ringing tone fed by the PABX to the extension in question. Upon detecting the ringing tone, the detector 23 provides a signal DET as an output.
• the switch 24, controlled by a control signal HOOK, is in turn used to close the subscriber loop of the PABX extension similarly as in a conventional phone with a subscriber answering the call by lifting the earpiece (OFF-HOOK) or making a call, and to open the subscriber loop similarly as in a conventional phone with the subscriber replacing (ON HOOK) the earpiece onto the hook at the end of the call.
• a dual- tone multi frequency (DTMF) generator 30 is used for generating the tone-frequency dialling digits to be sent via the PABX extension to the wireless extension PABX, in a similar manner as dialling is carried out in an extension with a conventional phone.
• the generator 30 is controlled by a control signal DIAL, which in turn .
• the interface module IF in addition comprises a controller 25, which is common to all the line modules.
• the controller 25 comprises inputs for detection signals DET N generated by the ringing tone detectors 23.,-23 N , and control outputs HOOK.,-HOOK N for the switches 24 ⁇ 24 ⁇ , and DIAL.,-DIAL N for the generators 30.
• the controller 25 in addition has a signalling link with a control unit 28 of the BSC.
• the controller 28 controls a BSC internal switch 29 and handles all the call control and signalling duties assigned to the BSC.
• the interface module IF is additionally provided with a signalling interface 28, by means of which a signalling link is created between the BSC and the visitor location register VLR.
• the interface in question is similar to a signalling interface (B interface) defined between an MSC and a VLR in the GSM system.
• the B interface is specified in the GSM recommendation 0902 Chapter 2.4.3, and the signalling used therein is referred to as MAP_B signalling.
• MAP_B signalling interface 28 is used by the controller 28.
• the controller 28 of the XBSC has access to a PABX/IMSI database 26 in the interface module IF.
• the database 26 contains the identities IMSI of the mobile subscribers entitled to use the office cell 10 and the PABX.
• the database 26 informs of mapping between each IMSI and the corresponding PABX subscriber number, in this case the physical PABX extension.
• the database 26 is also used by the controller 25 of the interface module IF itself, as will be disclosed below.
• the switch of the base station controller BSC may be any MSC employed digital switch to whose ports the connections between the BSC and the MSC are coupled:i.e. those between the BSC and the PABX_BTS, those between the BSC and conventional base stations, as well as connections between the BSC and the transcoders 22.
• the switch 29 switches these connections to one another in such a manner that the calls can be routed according to standard procedures of the mobile communication network and procedures of the present invention, to be disclosed below.
• the PABX generates a ring signal to the extension 1, the ring signal being detected by the ringing tone detector 23 1 of the interface module IF.
• the detector 23 1 indicates to the controller 25 of having received the ring signal by activating a signal DET, .
• the active state of the signal DET indicates to the controller 25 that there is an incoming call to the extension 1.
• the controller 25 searches from the database 26 the IMSI identifier corresponding with the PABX extension 1 and identifying the mobile subscriber of the extension 1. Following this, the controller 25 gives the controller 28 a call set-up command, which contains the retrieved IMSI.
• the controller 25 transmits a Paging_command paging message via the switch 28 to the base station PABX_BTS of the office cell.
• the base station PABX BTS forwards the message to the mobile station MS in the office cell.
• the mobile station Via the PABX_BTS, the mobile station transmits a response message, Paging Response, to the BSC.
• the BSC Having received the response from the mobile station, the BSC transmits an authentication request MAP_pro-cess_access_request (MAP_authentication) to the VLR, to which the VLR responds with a MAP_pro- cess_request_ack message.
• MAP_pro-cess_access_request MAP_authentication
• the controller 28 carries out this signalling via MAP_B signalling interface 28.
• the controller 28 of the BSC transmits to the MS an authentication request Auth_request, according to the GSM recommendations, which is responded to by the MS with an authentication message Auth_response according to the GSM recommendations. If authentication has been successful, and the mobile station MS is allowed access to the network, ciphering mode will be set.
• the BSC transmits, to the VLR, a MAP_proc_acc_req (Ciph_mode) message which is responded to by the VLR with a MAP_proc_ acc_req_ack message.
• a MAP_proc_acc_req Ciph_mode
• These messages convey the same information as normally in tha GSM system between the MSC and the VLR.
• the BSC transfers the ciphering mode of the MS with a Ciph_mode_cmd message, acknowledged by the MS with a Ciph_mode_com message.
• a connection will be set up between the switch 29 and the MS on a traffic channel allocated to the call via the base station PABX_BTS. This is illustrated with a Set_up message.
• the MS will be ringing, and as the subscriber answers, information on it will be conveyed to the controller 28 which commands the controller 25 to set the switch 24, to OFF_HOOK state. This will close the subscriber loop of the PABX extension 1, and the PABX interprets this as the subscriber having answered the call at the extension.
• This is illustrated in Figure 3 with a Call_conf message.
• Information on the answering by the subscriber B can naturally also be sent by other types of messages. This way a speech connection will be established between the MS and the PABX.
• the BSC only establishes PABX calls within the area of the office cell 10. In the example above, no pre- checking was carried out as to whether the called MS was in the office cell 10. However, it is possible to carry out a location enquiry to the VLR prior to initiating paging in order to avoid futile paging signalling.
• Mobile originating call
• the signalling chart of Figure 4 is not intended to be a full description of call set-up signalling, either.
• the figure only shows the signalling to the extent that is essential in order to describe the present invention. In practice, other messages can be included in the signalling, these other messages being insignificant to the present invention.
• PABX_BTS of the office cell 10 a Channel Request message which is forwarded to the BSC.
• the BSC responds by transmitting an Immediate Assignment message. Both of these are messages in accordance with the GSM recommendations.
• the next message from the MS is a CM Service Request which includes the reason for the transaction. This message is in accordance with the GSM recommendations as well.
• the controller 28 checks in the database 26 whether the IMSI belongs to a PABX subscriber. If the IMSI in question is not included in the database 26, call establishment proceeds according to the standard procedures of the mobile communication network.
• the controller 28 activates the call set-up procedure of the invention, with the call being routed to the PABX.
• the BSC authenticates the subscriber and sets . the ciphering mode; similar signalling between the BSC and the VLR, as well as between the BSC and the MS, is related thereto as that which was illustrated in Figure 3.
• the mobile station transmits, to the BSC, a call establishment message Set_up, which also contains the dialled subscriber number B.
• the controller 28 was provided with information on which PABX extension the IMSI of the subscriber in questions matches.
• the controller 28 commands the controller 25 to set the switch 24N of the extension N to OFF_HOOK. As a result, the subscriber loop of the extension N closes. The PABX reacts to this by generating a dial tone to the extension, and awaits dialling.
• the controller 28 now provides the controller 25 with the number of the subscriber B.
• the controller 25 directs the DTMF generator 3ON to generate DTMF digits according to the subscriber number B. Signalling by the subscriber B to the PABX is illustrated by a B_number message in Figure 4. Having received the number of the subscriber B, the PABX proceeds with call set-up as if the dialling had been made from a standard extension.
• the BSC establishes a connection between the switch 29 and the MS on a traffic channel allocated to the call via the PABX_BTS. This is illustrated in Figure 4 with a set_up message.
• the controller directs the switch 29 to connect the transcoder 22 N to said traffic channel.
• a connection will be established between the MS and the PABX, which is illustrated in Figure 4 with an arrow "connection”.
• Call release When a mobile station requests a call release, the BSC transmits a response to the mobile station, switching it to ON-HOOK state. Information on the ON-HOOK state of the MS is simultaneously signalled to the PABX.
• the subscriber loop opens and the PABX interprets the connection as having been cut off. Following this, the resources and connections reserved in the BSC for the call are released.
• PABX generates a busy tone to the extension, also carried over to the mobile station MS. Normally this causes the MS user to onhook, i.e. to activate the call release described above from the MS side.
• the interface module IF may be provided with a busy tone detector whose activation causes the controller 28 to sent a call release message in accordance with the GSM recommendations to the mobile station. In the latter case, the ON-HOOK state of the MS is signalled to the PABX by opening the subscriber loop with the switch 24. Calls made to the MSISDN of the mobile station arrive in the mobile communication network in the normal manner (not via PABX) , and the call set-up related thereto is normal regardless of whether the MS is in the office cell 10 or not.
• the mobile stations entitled to use the office cell 10 may have a specific access category. If that is the case, all other access categories may be prohibited from the office cell. This is how other mobile stations could be prevented from locking to the office cell.
• information on the subscriber's access category is located on his SIM card (Subscriber Identification Module) , which means that the categorization does not require changes to the software of the mobile station.

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• 1995
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  • 1996-06-14 WO PCT/FI1996/000354 patent/WO1997000588A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-06-14 EP EP96918711A patent/EP0776587A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1996-06-14 JP JP9502674A patent/JPH10504165A/ja active Pending
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