EP0776144B1 - Signalmodifikationsschaltung - Google Patents
Signalmodifikationsschaltung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0776144B1 EP0776144B1 EP95118595A EP95118595A EP0776144B1 EP 0776144 B1 EP0776144 B1 EP 0776144B1 EP 95118595 A EP95118595 A EP 95118595A EP 95118595 A EP95118595 A EP 95118595A EP 0776144 B1 EP0776144 B1 EP 0776144B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- signals
- circuit
- weighting
- signal component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 title description 27
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 title description 27
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000252185 Cobitidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S1/00—Two-channel systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S1/00—Two-channel systems
- H04S1/002—Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electronic circuit for modifying a first and second signal, which are either available individually or in connection with other signals are available.
- Such circuits are known to have certain effects of to amplify or weaken information contained in the signals.
- On The application is, for example, a contour amplifier for signals with optical Signals are linked and by a raster scan or by a variety are formed by sensors.
- For signals that are linked to sound waves there is Similar applications ranging from very low frequencies to far into the ultrasound range reach into it. With these signals, seismic signals can, too high-frequency signals in the ultrasonic range, such as in the Material testing are used. The is included normal audio area dealing with audible signals.
- the modification circuit is based on stereo signals according to one of the standardized stereo coding methods, which a left and a right signal in coded form as sum and Transfer differential signal.
- the modification circuits electronically change the so-called stereo base, which makes the two the effect of the associated loudspeakers as it were.
- the change effects can also affect more elaborate playback systems with more than two speakers and / or more than two signals related to a surround sound convey that can be changed by the modification circuit.
- US 5,420,929 is the closest prior art to a signal modification circuit described for stereo signals. From a left and a right signal the direction-independent lowers are reduced with the help of filters Frequency components and the possibly direction-dependent higher ones Frequency components separated, the direction-independent or directional signal components as "coherent” or “non-coherent” Signal components are referred to. To avoid an “acoustic Loches "in the middle between two speakers that are relatively far apart From about 300 Hz, the filtered signals become pseudo-coherence signals formed, the two speakers additive to the existing signal components are supplied and thus a larger mono signal component to pretend. This can hide the "acoustic hole" in the middle.
- the pseudo-coherence signals are formed by means of delay stages in the Signal paths for signal ranges above 300 Hz Delay stages take the resulting phase of the delayed signals with them increasing signal frequency steeply, so that frequency ranges with Multiple phases of +/- 180 ° and 360 ° and the intermediate areas each other alternate. Due to the steep phase response, the coherence and the Non-coherence property of the respective signal components for dense successive frequency ranges of the signal as it were "blurred" and thereby ineffective for the directional location.
- the object of the invention is a circuit arrangement for modification specify at least two signals that simply match the respective signal properties can be adjusted.
- each circuit shows an input for a left signal L and another input for a Right signal R on. Accordingly, each modification circuit has an output for a modified left signal L 'and another output a modified Right signal R 'on.
- Each circuit also includes first and second Combination device Kl, K2, in which different signal components with each other be combined, usually added or subtracted, to finally the modified To form output signal L 'or R'. These modified signals are then each fed at least one speaker, not shown, these not too tight may stand side by side.
- the individual modification circuits are used to Magnification of the stereo base increases the differences in the individual signals and in contrast, the common signal component is reduced.
- the common signal component is usually referred to as a mono signal and the difference as a difference signal.
- these two components play in the transmission of the stereo multiplex signal an essential role.
- the mono component in itself sounds good. The However, the difference is not attributable to an actual audible signal and sounds alone very uncomfortable.
- Filter circuits are included in all of the circuits of FIGS. 1 to 5.
- audio signals can be assumed that the lower ones are usually Frequency components up to a few 100 Hz are available as mono signals and Directional dependency only affects the overlying frequency components.
- the individual signal components that the legal and Affect the left signal are thus high-pass filtered signals, so that the in Filter circuits operating in the forward direction are realized by high-pass filters HP.
- the respective contribution of the individual signal components to the modification is by Multiplier M and weighting factors controlled, the negative, the positive and the Amount after may be greater than 1.
- the aim is that the frequency response should be as possible after the modification stays straight because otherwise the sound will be distorted.
- the volume impression should not changed overall.
- the directional impression is amplified by subtracting part of the first and second signals L and R, which is determined by the weighting factor k and a high-pass filter HP, from the other signal R and L, respectively becomes.
- the frequency diagram on the left shows that this modification is ideal if either only a first signal L or only a second signal R is present.
- a differential signal L-R is finally formed from the first and second signals L and R by means of a subtractor sb and a signal component is formed therefrom by means of a high-pass filter HP and a weighting stage M, which component adds to the first signal L. and subtracted from the second signal R.
- the difference between the first and second signals is increased by the addition and subtraction of the difference value, so that the modified signals L ' , R ' have an amplified directional effect at the output and thus enlarge the stereo base.
- the invention teaches that a general circuit with which all variants can be realized can be accomplished by including further signal components in the respective modification, the influence of which is controlled by associated weighting factors.
- the individual signal components are also combined by means of combination devices, ie added or subtracted, in order finally to obtain a modified first and second signal L ' or R ' again.
- each modified signal by three signal components is formed.
- each signal component should individually by means of a filter circuit and a weighting factor can be changed.
- the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 already provides one Simplification is because two signal components s2, s3 and s5, s6 have only one Filter circuit F2 or F4 are performed.
- a signal source q delivers a first and a second signal L, R at its output Signal source q is not specified, it can also be, for example Represent multiple signal source with parallel outputs, the first and second Signal is to be assigned to neighboring signals.
- the exemplary embodiments are limited to stereo signals, the first signal L a left signal and the second signal R corresponds to a right signal.
- signal source q contains a decoder for stereo multiplex signals.
- the first signal L is fed to an input of a first combination device K1 by means of a first filter F1 and a first weighting device with a multiplier M1 as the first signal component s1.
- the associated weighting factor g is supplied to the first multiplier M1 as a data value or corresponds to a fixed position shift.
- the first signal L is also fed to the input of a second filter F2 and forms, by means of a second weighting device, a sixth signal component s6 which is fed to a second combination device K2, at the output of which the second modified signal R 'can be tapped.
- the weighting in the second weighting device effects a second multiplier M2, the weighting input of which is supplied with a second weighting factor k.
- the signal is passed through a third weighting device and reaches the first combination device K1 as second signal component s2.
- the weighting in the third weighting device effects a third multiplier M3, the weighting input of which is supplied with a third weighting factor ⁇ .
- a fourth, fifth and third signal component s4, s5, s3 are formed from the second signal R.
- a third or fourth filter F3, F4 corresponds to the first or the second filter F1, F2.
- the first, second and third multipliers M1, M2, M3 correspond to a fourth, fifth and a sixth multiplier M4, M5, M6, to which the first, second and third weighting factors g, k and ⁇ are supplied.
- the third and sixth signal components s3, s6 are routed to a subtrahead input of the first and second combination devices K1, K2. The subtrahend inputs can be avoided if the associated weighting factors are changed in the sign.
- FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the invention, the circuit of Fig. 4 in a simplified form.
- the circuit also contains Control devices, b1, b2, r and control devices st for regulation and / or specification the weighting factors.
- the embodiment of the circuit of FIG. 5 is still geared more towards processing audio signals than the more general one Circuit of Fig.4.
- the signal source q delivers L, R as first and second signals Left and right signal.
- the first and fourth signal components s1, s4 are neither filtered or weighted but correspond directly to the first and second signal L or R.
- Using a high pass filter HP and weighting by the second Weighting factor k becomes the sixth signal component s6 from the first signal L. formed, which is fed to the subtrahend of the second combination device K2 is.
- a weighting factor ⁇ which is approximately between 0.4 and 0, 5
- a frequency response is set which corresponds to the frequency response of FIG. 2 corresponds and is optimal for mixed signals.
- the third Weighting factor ⁇ also be negative to increase the signal for unspecific signals to reduce in the upper frequency range.
- the third weighting factor ⁇ can be set in different ways. Either as a fixed value via the control device st - in FIG. 5 this is by a Dashed connection shown.
- the third weighting factor ⁇ can also are adaptively controlled by the signal properties themselves, for example by means of a first evaluation device b1 determined from the left and right signals L, R. become. In the simplest case, the mono or Difference signal component determined. Using individual filters with which the Individuals can reproduce physiological hearing sensitivity Frequency ranges are treated separately or specially weighted. This matches with an adaptive control of the weighting factor ⁇ , which is shown by the dashed line in FIG Line at the output of the first evaluation device b1 is shown schematically.
- the outputs of the first and second evaluation devices b1, b2 can be connected to a control device r, the output of which controls the level of the weighting factors.
- the control device r can be used, in particular, to ensure that the volume impression does not change during the modification, regardless of the respective effect control. If the control device r is to take into account the volume impression in the entire frequency range or in individual frequency ranges, then the first and second evaluation devices b1, b2 must determine, among other things, performance-related data from the signals at the input and output of the modification circuit. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5, the output of the control device r controls the third weighting factor ⁇ .
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Stereophonic System (AREA)
- Tone Control, Compression And Expansion, Limiting Amplitude (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- zeigt eine erste bekannte Modifikationsschaltung,
- Fig. 2
- zeigt eine zweite bekannte Modifikationsschaltung,
- Fig. 3
- zeigte eine dritte bekannte Modifikationsschaltung,
- Fig. 4
- zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung und
- Fig. 5
- zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.
Claims (8)
- Schaltung zur Modifikation eines von einer Signalquelle (q) gelieferten ersten und zweiten Signals (L bzw. R) mit Einrichtungen (F1 bis F4, M1 bis M6), die Filter (F1 bis F4) und Gewichtungseinrichtungen (M1 bis M6) zur Bildung einer ersten bis einer sechsten Signalkomponente (s1 bis s6) aus dem ersten und zweiten Signal (L,R) enthalten, wobei die Signalkomponenten das erste und zweite Signal (L,R) im wesentlichen in ursprünglich gemeinsame und ursprünglich unterschiedliche Signalanteile trennen, die mittels einer ersten und zweiten Kombinationseinrichtung (K1 bzw. K2) gemäß ihrer jeweiligen Gewichtung zu einem modifizierten ersten und modifizierten zweiten Signal (L' bzw. R') zusammengefaßt sind,dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßdie mit dem ersten Signal (L) verkoppelte erste und zweite Signalkomponente (s1, s2) und die mit dem zweiten Signal (R) verkoppelte dritte Signalkomponente (s3) sind mit der ersten Kombinationseinrichtung (K1) gekoppelt, deren Ausgang das erste modifizierte Signal (L') liefert,die mit dem zweiten Signal (R) verkoppelte vierte und fünfte Signalkomponente (s4, s5) und die mit dem ersten Signal (L) verkoppelte sechste Signalkomponente (s6) sind mit der zweiten Kombinationseinrichtung (K2) gekoppelt, deren Ausgang das zweite modifizierte Signal (R') liefert,
mindestens eine der Signalkomponenten (s1 bis s6) in ihrer Wirkung bezüglich der urprünglichen Signaleigenschaft auf das erste oder zweite modifizierte Signal (L', R') insgesamt invertiert ist, indem entweder die erste bzw. zweite Kombinationseinrichtung (K1, K2) für diese mindestens eine Signalkomponente (s1 bis s6) einen negativen Signaleingang oder die zugehörigen Gewichtungseinrichtung (M1 bis M6) für diese mindestens eine Signalkomponente (s1 bis s6) einen negativen Signaleingang oder einen negativen Gewichtungseingang enthält. - Schaltung nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Merkmale:die erste Signalkomponente (s1) ist aus dem ersten Signal (L) mittels einer ersten Filters (F1) und eines ersten Multiplizierers (M1), der einen ersten Gewichtungsfaktor (g) bewirkt, gebildet,die sechste Signalkomponente (s6) ist aus dem ersten Signal (L) mittels einer zweiten Filters (F2) und eines zweiten Multiplizierers (M2), der einen zweiten Gewichtungsfaktor (k) bewirkt, gebildet,die vierte Signalkomponente (s4) ist aus dem zweiten Signal (R) mittels eines dritten Filters (F3) und eines vierten Multiplizierers (M4), der den ersten Gewichtungsfaktor (g) bewirkt, gebildet,die dritte Signalkomponente (s3) ist aus dem zweiten Signal (R) mittels eines vierten Filters (F4) und eines fünften Multiplizierers (M5), der den zweiten Gewichtungsfaktor (k) bewirkt, gebildet,die zweite Signalkomponente (s2) ist aus der sechsten Signalkomponente (s6) mittels eines dritten Multiplizierers (M3), der einen dritten Gewichtungsfaktor (α) bewirkt, gebildet,die fünfte Signalkomponente (s5) ist aus der dritten Signalkomponente (s3) mittels eines sechsten Multiplizierers (M6), der den dritten Gewichtungsfaktor (α) bewirkt, gebildet undder jeweilige Wert der Gewichtungsfaktoren (g, k, α) ist entweder durch eine Steuereinrichtung (st) vorgegeben oder von Bewertungseinrichtungen (b1, b2) abhängig.
- Schaltung nach Anspruche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels einer ersten Bewertungseinrichtung (b1), der das erste und zweite Signal (L, R) zugeführt ist, mindestens einer der Gewichtungsfaktoren (g, k, α) gesteuert ist.
- Schaltung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einer ersten Bewertungseinrichtung (b1) das erste und zweite Signal (L, R) und einer zweiten Bewertungseinrichtung (b2) das modifizierte erste und modifizierte zweite Signal (L', R') zugeführt sind und eine Regeleinrichtung (r) aufweist, die mit der ersten und zweiten Bewertungseinrichtung (b1, b2) gekoppelt ist, und derart ausgelegt ist, daß sie mindestens einen der Gewichtungsfaktoren (g, k, α) steuert.
- Schaltung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite und das vierte Filter (F2, F4) jeweils ein Hochpaßfilter ist und daß mittels des zweiten Gewichtungsfaktors (k) des zweiten und fünften Multiplizierers der jeweilige Stereoeffekt veränderbar ist.
- Schaltung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Signalkomponente (s1) dem ersten Signal (L) und die vierte Signalkomponente (s4) dem zweiten Signal (R) entspricht.
- Schaltung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regeleinrichtung (r) derart ausgelegt ist, daß sie den Wert des dritten Gewichtungsfaktors (α) beeinflußt.
- Schaltung nach Anspruch 4 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der ersten und zweiten Bewertungseinrichtung (b1, b2) Leistungspegel in einzelnen Frequenzbereichen bestimmt sind und die Regeleinrichtung (r) derart ausgelegt ist, daß jeweils gleiche Frequenzbereiche verarbeitet werden.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95118595A EP0776144B1 (de) | 1995-11-25 | 1995-11-25 | Signalmodifikationsschaltung |
| DE59509187T DE59509187D1 (de) | 1995-11-25 | 1995-11-25 | Signalmodifikationsschaltung |
| US08/754,144 US5822437A (en) | 1995-11-25 | 1996-11-22 | Signal modification circuit |
| JP8311836A JPH09191499A (ja) | 1995-11-25 | 1996-11-22 | 信号修正回路 |
| KR1019960056382A KR100424520B1 (ko) | 1995-11-25 | 1996-11-22 | 신호변경회로및방법 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95118595A EP0776144B1 (de) | 1995-11-25 | 1995-11-25 | Signalmodifikationsschaltung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0776144A1 EP0776144A1 (de) | 1997-05-28 |
| EP0776144B1 true EP0776144B1 (de) | 2001-04-11 |
Family
ID=8219836
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95118595A Expired - Lifetime EP0776144B1 (de) | 1995-11-25 | 1995-11-25 | Signalmodifikationsschaltung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5822437A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0776144B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH09191499A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR100424520B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE59509187D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI106355B (fi) * | 1998-05-07 | 2001-01-15 | Nokia Display Products Oy | Menetelmä ja laite virtuaalisen äänilähteen syntetisoimiseksi |
| US7136493B2 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2006-11-14 | Peavey Electronics Corporation | Sub-harmonic generator and stereo expansion processor |
| US7242779B2 (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2007-07-10 | Peavey Electronics Corporation | Methods and apparatus for sub-harmonic generation, stereo expansion and distortion |
| JP4509686B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-29 | 2010-07-21 | 新日本無線株式会社 | 音響信号処理方法および装置 |
| JP2009065436A (ja) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-26 | New Japan Radio Co Ltd | ステレオ再生装置 |
| US8335331B2 (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2012-12-18 | Microsoft Corporation | Multichannel sound rendering via virtualization in a stereo loudspeaker system |
| US8577065B2 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2013-11-05 | Conexant Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for creating immersion surround sound and virtual speakers effects |
| US20140362996A1 (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2014-12-11 | Max Sound Corporation | Stereo soundfield expander |
| US20150036828A1 (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2015-02-05 | Max Sound Corporation | Internet audio software method |
| US20150036826A1 (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2015-02-05 | Max Sound Corporation | Stereo expander method |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1185706B (it) * | 1985-09-12 | 1987-11-12 | Sgs Microelettronica Spa | Sistema non recursivo di espansione della base stereo per apparati di diffusione acustica stereofonica |
| US4748669A (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1988-05-31 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Stereo enhancement system |
| US4875658A (en) * | 1986-10-08 | 1989-10-24 | Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetic valve |
| EP0434691B1 (de) * | 1988-07-08 | 1995-03-22 | Adaptive Audio Limited | Tonwiedergabesysteme |
| JPH0435499A (ja) * | 1990-05-31 | 1992-02-06 | Sony Corp | 音響付加回路 |
| DE4028447A1 (de) * | 1990-09-07 | 1992-03-12 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Elektromagnetventil fuer hydraulische bremsanlagen mit schlupfregelung |
| DE4030424A1 (de) * | 1990-09-26 | 1992-04-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Druckbegrenzungsventil, insbesondere fuer hydraulische kraftfahrzeug-bremsanlagen |
| DE4030971A1 (de) * | 1990-10-01 | 1992-04-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Elektromagnetbetaetigtes ventil |
| US5136650A (en) * | 1991-01-09 | 1992-08-04 | Lexicon, Inc. | Sound reproduction |
| DE4103365A1 (de) * | 1991-02-05 | 1992-08-13 | Teves Metallwaren Alfred | Drucksteuerventil |
| DE9102383U1 (de) * | 1991-02-28 | 1991-05-16 | Türk & Hillinger GmbH, 78532 Tuttlingen | Axialer Schraubanschluß für elektrische Rohrheizkörper |
| DE9107436U1 (de) * | 1991-06-17 | 1991-08-22 | Binder Magnete GmbH, 7730 Villingen-Schwenningen | Elektromagnetventil mit Druckmittel beöltem Magnetsystem |
| DE4129638C2 (de) * | 1991-09-06 | 2002-01-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Hydraulisches Sitzventil |
| DE4135062A1 (de) * | 1991-10-24 | 1993-04-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zum beschleunigen des bremseneingriffs im antriebsschlupfregelbetrieb und hydraulische bremsanlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| DE4141546C2 (de) * | 1991-12-17 | 2002-02-14 | Continental Teves Ag & Co Ohg | Elektromagnetventil, insbesondere für hydraulische Bremsanlagen mit Schlupfregelung |
| US5420929A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1995-05-30 | Ford Motor Company | Signal processor for sound image enhancement |
| DE4236047A1 (de) * | 1992-10-24 | 1994-04-28 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Bremsanlage mit Blockierschutz- und/oder Antriebsschlupfregelung |
| US5572591A (en) * | 1993-03-09 | 1996-11-05 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Sound field controller |
| US5661810A (en) * | 1993-03-24 | 1997-08-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Circuit arrangement for deriving signals for masking audio signals |
| DE69433258T2 (de) * | 1993-07-30 | 2004-07-01 | Victor Company of Japan, Ltd., Yokohama | Raumklangsignalverarbeitungsvorrichtung |
| US5440638A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-08-08 | Q Sound Ltd. | Stereo enhancement system |
-
1995
- 1995-11-25 EP EP95118595A patent/EP0776144B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-25 DE DE59509187T patent/DE59509187D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-11-22 US US08/754,144 patent/US5822437A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-22 KR KR1019960056382A patent/KR100424520B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-22 JP JP8311836A patent/JPH09191499A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100424520B1 (ko) | 2004-06-18 |
| DE59509187D1 (de) | 2001-05-17 |
| KR970032266A (ko) | 1997-06-26 |
| JPH09191499A (ja) | 1997-07-22 |
| US5822437A (en) | 1998-10-13 |
| EP0776144A1 (de) | 1997-05-28 |
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