EP0772003B1 - Device for drawing off a gas through a conduit for venting it - Google Patents

Abstract

The ejection system consists of an essentially straight duct section (4) situated above the main outlet duct (2), and nozzles (8) for injecting a drive gas into it from a gas generator (3). The nozzles are situated at some distance from the open end of the additional duct section, which is topped by a static or static/mechanical extractor (7). The distance between the nozzles and the open end of the additional duct section is equivalent to o.1-20 per cent of the length of the main duct, and preferably some 10 per cent, or about 1 m. The output of the nozzles is between 20-100 per cent of the nominal gas flow through the main duct, and has a flow rate of 10-100 m/s and especially 20-60 m/s.

Description

The invention relates to a suction device for a gaseous fluid through a main conduit for the discharge outside of it, the gaseous fluid being of the type ventilation air, gases, fumes, products combustion from industrial premises, work, housing. The invention relates to also a gaseous fluid suction installation comprising such a device.

We already know, for a long time, the injection of a air jet at the top of a natural draft duct. Such principle was implemented many years ago for ventilation of ship holds and for gas stove burners.

According to document EP-A-329 498, a duct ventilation activation device air extraction including a blown air nozzle medium pressure located either in the axis of the duct, either laterally depending on whether it is to increase or slow the exhaust air flow.

According to document DE-A-2 647 126, it is planned blowing air over the duct but not at inside of it.

According to document FR-A-2 658 271, it is planned blowing air directly into a vacuum cleaner static.

According to a guide entitled "Ventilation systems and for evacuating combustion products from draft gas natural for rehabilitated collective housing "established by Gaz from France, a static extractor is defined as being a "device without moving parts intended to be installed in crowning of ventilation or smoke ducts, having for objective, by creating a depression according to the wind speed, to oppose inversions of circulation of air flows and increase flow rates extracted in the presence of wind. "

The same guide defines stato-mechanical extractors as "static extractors fitted an additional device using a source of energy other than that of the wind. "

Whether static or stato-mechanical, such extractors are also called "vacuum cleaners".

Examples of realization of such vacuum cleaners static or stato-mechanical are illustrated in particular by the following documents: FR-A-2 658 271, FR-A-2 651 563, FR-A-2 709 533, FR-A-2 374 591, FR-A-2 438 795, FR-A-2 514 469, FR-A-2 518 710, FR-A-2 034 434.

The object of the invention is to further improve the print, whether natural or improved as a result of the presence of a static or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner.

The invention also aims to obtain this result without substantially increasing the complexity of the device implemented.

To this end and according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a device for sucking a gaseous fluid at through a main duct to reject it outside of it, the gaseous fluid being of the air type ventilation, gases, fumes, combustion from industrial, working premises, as defined in claim 1.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a device for sucking a gaseous fluid through a main conduit to reject it outside of it which comprises, in combination, in the first place, the section of conduit previously mentioned, secondly, a static or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner mounted on the section conduit at its downstream end and, thirdly, means for injecting a gaseous drive fluid into the pipe section and through the static vacuum cleaner or stato-mechanical, in the same sense as the sense of circulation of the gaseous fluid to be discharged, intended to be associated with means of production or training of said gaseous drive fluid, located at a certain distance distance upstream from the downstream end of the pipe section and static or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner.

According to other characteristics of the vacuum cleaner static or stato-mechanical, this is of the type comprising a lower part and an upper part separated from each other and rigidly associated with the other along the axis of the pipe section, the part lower being provided with a hole for passage of the fluid gaseous to be rejected and gaseous drive fluid, in communication with the pipe section, this hole opening into the space between the part lower and upper.

The space between the lower and upper parts has in axial section a general form of venturi.

The static or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner has a general form of revolution whose axis is in the extension of that of the pipe section or slightly tilted relative to him.

The bottom of the static vacuum cleaner or stato-mechanical comprises at least one upper wall of general frustoconical shape whose small base is turned towards the upper part and whose large base towards the duct section.

The bottom of the static vacuum cleaner or stato-mechanical also includes a bottom wall of general frustoconical shape whose small base is turned towards the pipe section and the large base towards the wall upper of said lower part.

The upper part of the static vacuum cleaner or stato-mechanical comprises at least one lower wall of general conical or frustoconical shape whose point or small base is turned towards the lower part and the large base opposite the pipe section.

The upper part of the static vacuum cleaner or stato-mechanical also includes an upper wall of general conical or frustoconical or hemispherical shape of which the large base faces the bottom wall of said upper part.

The upper part and the lower part have substantially the same outside diameter.

The static or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner includes spacers for reciprocal joining of the two lower and upper parts, associated in particular with the upper wall of the lower part and to the wall bottom of the top.

The constituent walls of the lower parts and of the static or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner are full, with no openings.

The static or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner has also a ferrule adjoining the lower part, intended for fixing the vacuum cleaner on the section of drove.

According to a first alternative embodiment, the vacuum cleaner is static and has no parts movement, especially no integrated turbine.

According to a second alternative embodiment, the vacuum cleaner is stato-mechanical and it also includes, for this purpose, an integrated turbine.

Such a turbine has its blades located in space existing between the lower and upper parts or the one provided by the upper part.

According to other characteristics concerning more specially the section of conduit, this is either distinct from the main duct and rigidly associated with it by bolting, welding, strapping or other, either it forms one piece with him, the pipe section forming the downstream end portion of the main conduit.

In the first variant considered, the section of duct can be an integral part of the vacuum cleaner static or statomechanical by being constituted by the ferrule with which the latter is provided, the latter having a sufficient axial length to allow mounting on the main duct.

According to other characteristics, the stretch of conduit and the main conduit have same diameter or substantially the same diameter. They are coaxial or their axes respective are slightly inclined one with respect to the other.

According to other characteristics concerning means for injecting a gaseous drive fluid, these means include one or more injection nozzles or equivalent located inside the pipe section and carried by him and one or more injection pipes, in communication with the nozzle (s), mainly located outside the pipe section as well as the pipe main.

This or these injection pipes are located mainly upstream of the nozzles.

The injection nozzle (s) have a position general fixed in the pipe section, at least in this which concerns their distance from the axis of the section of conduit.

It is planned that a single injection nozzle located in or substantially in the axis of the section of conduit or a plurality of injection nozzles located nearby immediate of this axis.

According to another possible embodiment, it is planned several injection nozzles arranged in different places in the section of the pipe, in the axis and / or separated from him.

The plurality of injection nozzles is located substantially in the same transverse plane of the section of duct or in several transverse planes of the section of drove. In this case, these include a plan upstream and a downstream plan.

If a plurality of nozzles are provided injection, this plurality includes one or more central nozzles located in or near the axis of the duct section and / or a plurality of nozzles peripherals located near the wall of the section of duct and / or a plurality of median nozzles located between the axis of the duct section and its wall.

Preferably, the peripheral nozzles and / or medians are regularly distributed around the axis of the duct section.

In any event, the different nozzles are arranged in relation to each other so as not to substantially obstruct the passage of the fluid gaseous to be discharged from upstream of the nozzles by the main duct.

In one possible embodiment, the nozzles injection lines are arranged in rows and columns carried by a perforated plate located in the duct section and carried by him.

In the case where the device comprises a plurality injection nozzles or equivalent, provision may be made for means for selective control of the operation of different nozzles.

According to a possible alternative embodiment, the physical characteristics such as in particular flow rate, speed and opening of the gaseous fluid flow beam drive injected by the different nozzles are identical or similar.

According to another alternative embodiment, these physical characteristics are differentiated between nozzles according to the requirements.

According to another aspect, these characteristics are constants in time or on the contrary, variables in according to the requirements. In this case, the device includes means for adjusting characteristics physical in question for the different nozzles injection or over time.

According to another aspect, the spacing between the different nozzles and the downstream end of the section of duct or the static or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner is identical or differentiated according to the nozzles according to the requirements.

According to a possible alternative embodiment, one or at least some nozzles are mounted adjustable to sliding parallel to the axis of the pipe section between two extreme positions respectively distal and proximal.

In this case, the device includes means for sliding guide of the adjustable nozzle (s) sliding, means for driving the nozzles and drive means control means.

According to another aspect, the space located downstream of injection nozzles is free or, on the contrary, it is provided one or more venturi-shaped walls at this location.

Thus, the device can include a wall in venturi shape adjoining the wall of the pipe section or / and a venturi-shaped wall for one or more injection nozzles of the same kind, central, peripheral or median.

In another aspect, an injection nozzle is chosen to provide an injection flow in the form of narrow beam or wide beam, or spiral jet.

An injection nozzle is either of fixed axis, in particular parallel to or inclined to the axis of the section of pipe, either of movable axis, the device then being provided with means for moving the axis of the movable nozzles and for means for controlling the means of movement.

According to another aspect, the device comprises also means for modulating the flow rate and / or the speed of the flow of gaseous driving fluid as a function requirements.

These modulation means include means control of the triggering of the fluid injection gaseous drive such as clock, probe temperature, pressure switch, hydrostatic probe.

The invention also relates to an installation having one or more main conduits and one or more several devices as just described.

In such an installation, several conduits main can be associated and connected to the same duct section for a suction device and single extraction.

The means of production and training of a gaseous drive fluid may be common to several conduits and they can be moved away from the suction and drive devices.

The other characteristics of the invention will result from the description which follows with reference to drawings in which figure 1 is a purely view schematic of an installation comprising a device according to the invention.

Figures 2a to 2k are eleven schematic figures, partial, illustrating several embodiments of means for injecting a gaseous drive fluid.

Figures 3a to 3e are five schematic views, larger scale, illustrating different variants of production of nozzles or the equivalent of said means injection.

The invention relates to a device 1 for vacuuming a gaseous fluid through a main conduit 2 for the reject outside of it.

Such a device 1 is intended more specifically for the evacuation of ventilation air, gases, fumes, combustion products from premises industrial, work, residential or other.

Such a device 1, alone or associated with others similar, can be incorporated in an installation comprising one or more main conduit (s) such as 2.

Such an installation also includes means 3 for producing, driving a gaseous fluid training.

Such an installation may be subject to many variants.

For example, several conduits can be provided main partners and connected to the same device 1.

Furthermore, the means 3 of production, entrainment of a gaseous entrainment fluid can be removed from the device (s) 1.

In practice, the main duct (s) 2 are generally arranged vertically and the devices 1 placed at the top of these. However, the means 3 for production, entrainment of gaseous fluid are preferably placed on the ground, or even in the basement.

In the embodiment shown in the Figure 1, the device 1 comprises in combination, first, a section of conduit 4 with axis 4a, essentially straight, of a certain axial length.

The duct section 4 is intended to be downstream of the main duct 2 of axis 2a, relative to the direction of circulation of the gaseous fluid to be discharged.

We understand from the above that the conduit main 2 and the section of conduit 4 which extends it in free communication with each other, the whole being rigid.

As previously indicated, the conduit main 2 having its generally vertical axis 2a and the device 1 being placed at the top, the duct section 4 is associated with the end part 5 of the conduit 2.

Furthermore, the main duct 2 has a or several inlets 6 of the gaseous fluid to be discharged.

In the most frequent case, the main duct 2 extends over a certain axial length, and provision is made several inputs 6 spaced along axis 2a corresponding for example to different floors of the building which is the device 1 and the installation intended for incorporates it.

The main duct can, if necessary, be lined with a conduit which adjoins it, corresponding to a top floor of the building. On the other hand, at entrances 6 can be associated with horizontal ducts in which are also fitted with injection nozzles gaseous fluid.

The device 1 comprises, in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, secondly, a static vacuum cleaner 7 shown purely schematically.

This static vacuum cleaner 7 is mounted on the section conduit 4 at its downstream end relative to the direction of circulation of gaseous fluids to reject and drive. This means that the static vacuum cleaner 7 is, in the more specifically considered realization, located in part upper extreme of 4 in upper upper part of duct section 4.

As we will see later, the vacuum cleaner static 7 can be stato-mechanical rather than static.

The device 1 also comprises, thirdly place, means 8 for injecting a gaseous fluid drive in the pipe section 4 in the same sense that the direction of circulation of the gaseous fluid to be discharged.

The injection means 8 are intended to be associated with the means 3 of production, of driving the gaseous drive fluid.

The injection means 8 are located by being spaced some distance upstream from the end downstream 9 of the pipe section 4.

Thus, the injection means 8 also inject a gaseous fluid driving through the vacuum cleaner static 7 or stato-mechanical. In addition, the means 8 are also removed from said vacuum cleaner static or stato-mechanical 7.

As follows from the above, the duct section 4 is associated by its upstream end 10 at the upper end 5 of the main duct 2.

The spacing between the injection means 8 and the downstream end 9 of the duct section 4 is a function in particular the length of the main duct 2.

The spacing between the injection means 8 and the downstream end 9 of the duct section 4 is included between 0.1 and 20% of the length of the main duct 2 and more specifically, is of the order of 10% of this length.

On the other hand, and for the applications considered, this spacing is between 50 cm and 2 m, more particularly between 75 cm and 1.25 m. He is more especially around 1 m.

It is understood here that the length of the conduit main 2 referred to is the length so-called useful, that is to say that which extends between entry 6 the most extreme lower (i.e. the most distant from device 1) and device 1 in question, respectively the vacuum cleaner 7.

Furthermore, the means 8 for injecting the fluid gaseous drive as well as the means 3 of production, of said gaseous fluid are designed and arranged to be able to allow on the one hand a flow of fluid gaseous drive between 20 and 100% of the flow nominal gaseous fluid in main duct 2 and more especially between 20 and 60% and, on the other hand, a speed of the gaseous drive fluid between 10 and 100 m / s, and more especially between 20 and 60 m / s, that for the applications considered.

In the case where a device 1 is intended for several conduits 2, it can be provided, depending on the envisaged achievements, one or more sections 4. From then, the means 8 are themselves single or multiple.

A static vacuum cleaner such as 7 or a vacuum cleaner stato-mechanical can be the subject of many variants of achievement.

In particular, with regard to vacuum cleaners static, refer to the descriptions in the following documents: FR-A-2 658 271, FR-A-2 709 533, FR-A-2 709 534, FR-A-2 374 591, FR-A-2 438 795, FR-A-2 518 710.

We will now describe the static vacuum cleaner 7, more specifically with reference to Figure 1.

The static vacuum cleaner 7 is of the type comprising a lower part 11, upper part 12 coaxial of axis 13, of revolution around this axis, and the outer diameter is the same or substantially the same.

The two lower parts 11 and upper 12 are separated from each other to provide a free space 14 having in axial section a general shape of venturi. For this purpose, the lower parts 11 and upper 12 are rigidly associated with each other at means of reciprocal securing spacers 15.

Insofar as these spacers 15 are under the form of flat profiles, these are radial planes for avoid excessive wind catch.

The consecutive walls of the lower parts 11 and upper 12 are full, that is to say devoid opening with the exception of a hole 16 for passage provided in the lower part 11. This passage hole 16 of the gaseous fluid to be rejected and gaseous drive fluid is in communication with the section of conduit 4, towards the down and it opens up into space 14.

Where appropriate, the section of conduit 4 may form diffuser in the lower part 11. In addition, at the downstream orifice of the hole 15, there may be a spider.

In the embodiment shown, axis 13 is coaxial with axis 4a. In other realizations not shown, axis 13 can be tilted slightly by relative to the axis 4a and relative to the vertical.

The lower part 11 comprises, in the illustrated embodiment, an upper wall 17 and a bottom wall 18.

Both the upper wall 17 and the lower wall 18 have a generally frustoconical shape. The small base 19 of the upper wall 17 is turned towards the part upper 12 and space 14. The large base 20 of the wall upper 17 is turned towards the duct section 4 and it is common with the large base of the lower wall 18 whose small base is turned towards 4 whose small base is turned towards the duct section 4.

In the same way, the upper part 12 has a lower wall 21 and an upper wall 22.

The bottom wall 21 a, in the embodiment shown, a general conical shape. In an other possible embodiment, the bottom wall 21 has a general frustoconical shape. In one as in the other possible achievements, tip 23 or small base of the lower wall 21 is turned towards the part lower 12, that is to say towards space 14. The large base 24 is opposite to section of conduit 4.

The upper wall 22 a, in the embodiment shown, a general conical shape. In other embodiments, the upper wall 22 has a shape general frustoconical or hemispherical, or a form complex derived from the foregoing forms. Wall upper 22 has a large common base with the large base 24. It is therefore turned towards the lower part 11.

The spacers 15 already mentioned are by example associated with the upper wall 17 of the part lower 11 and to the lower wall 21 of the part upper 12.

Although in the case of FIG. 1, the vacuum cleaner 7 represented is of static type, it also enters the part of the present invention that this vacuum cleaner is stato-mechanical type. In this case (not shown), the vacuum cleaner 7 also includes an integrated turbine.

Such vacuum cleaners are described in particular in documents FR-A-2 651 563, FR-A-2 374 591, FR-A-2 514 469, FR-A-2 709 534.

This turbine has its blades located in space 14 or in a space provided by the upper part 12.

In the variant shown in Figure 1, the vacuum cleaner 7 also includes a ferrule 25 adjoining the lower part 11, intended for fixing the vacuum cleaner 7 on the duct section 4.

In the alternative embodiment shown in the Figure 1, the section of conduit 4 is separate from the conduit main 2, but rigidly associated with it by bolting, welding, strapping or other.

For example, the upstream end 10 of the section of conduit 4 comes into an enlarged part completed by a shoulder of the upper end 5 of the conduit 2. Appropriate fixing means 26 such as clamp, bolts, etc., ensure the association rigid of the two conduits 2, 4 at the place of their recovery.

In the case where the vacuum cleaner has a ferrule 25, it can also be enlarged and form a shoulder for the downstream end 9 of the duct section 4. The association of the shell 25 and the section of conduit 4, for their joining, can be ensured thanks to fixing means such as the means 26 already mentioned.

In another embodiment, not shown, the pipe section 4 is an integral part of the static or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner 7. The section of conduit 4 is then constituted by the ferrule 25 which is provided with the vacuum cleaner 7. This ferrule 25 then has a length axial sufficient to allow mounting on the duct main 2.

According to another possible embodiment not shown, the main duct 2 and the section of conduit 4 form a single piece. In this case, the duct section 4 forms the downstream end part of the main duct 2.

In the general embodiment, the conduits 2 and 4 have the same diameter or substantially the same diameter. They are also coaxial or their respective axes 2a, 4a are slightly inclined relative to each other.

This latter provision is more specifically useful when the main duct 2, while having a general direction straight and vertical, may include elbows for construction reasons or of space.

We now describe more specifically the means injection 8.

These means 8 comprise one or more nozzles injection or equivalent 27 located inside the section of conduit 4 and carried by it, and one or more injection conduits 28, in communication with the one or more nozzles 27, mainly located outside the section duct 4, as well as the main duct 2. For example the injection nozzles or equivalent 27 are located at or near the upstream end 10 of the pipe section 4 and are carried by the pipe 28 which crosses the peripheral wall of the section 4 while being thus fixed to him. In this case, the nozzles 27 are worn by the duct (s) 28 and therefore carried indirectly by the duct section 4. The duct (s) 28 open out in this embodiment, perpendicular to the outside of the conduit 4. Subsequently, the conduit (s) 28 may be appropriately conformed to reach the means 3 of production, entrainment of the gaseous fluid training.

In this embodiment, the duct (s) 28 are located mainly upstream of the nozzles 27 so as not to hinder the flow of gaseous fluid resulting from it.

According to a characteristic of the invention, the one or more injection nozzles 27 or equivalent have a position general fixed in the pipe section 4, at least in this which relates to their distance from the axis 4a of said duct section 4.

According to a variant embodiment not shown, at least one or some nozzles are mounted adjustable to sliding parallel to this axis 4a between two extreme positions respectively distal and proximal.

Such an achievement is more especially shown in Figure 2e where the distal position is shown in solid lines, while the proximal position is shown in dashes.

In such an embodiment, the device comprises sliding guide means for the nozzle (s) 27 or equivalent, which are adjustable to sliding. The device also includes means drive nozzles and control means of said training means.

For example, the nozzles can be mounted on sections of pipes slidably mounted one inside the other. Or, the nozzles can be carried by a system such as a deformable parallelogram while being joined to the injection pipe 28 by flexible pipes.

These embodiments are not exclusive others.

According to an alternative embodiment corresponding to FIG. 2a, a single injection nozzle is provided, central, located in the axis or substantially in the axis of the duct section 4. Alternatively, there is provided a plurality of injection nozzles located nearby immediate of this axis 4a as shown in the figure 2d.

According to other achievements such as those represented by FIGS. 2b, 2c, 2f, 2g, 2i, it is provided with several injection nozzles 27 or equivalent arranged in different locations of the duct section 4, in axis 4a and / or separated from it.

This plurality of injection nozzles 27 or equivalent is found substantially in the same plane cross section of the duct section 4, as it is shown in Figures 2b or 2f, either in several transverse planes, as shown in the Figures 2c and 2g.

In the latter case, the transverse planes of nozzles include an upstream plane 29 and a downstream plane 30.

In the upstream plane 29 is one or more central nozzles or peripheral nozzles. In the plan downstream 30, there are peripheral nozzles, or one or several central nozzles.

More generally, in the case where provision is made for plurality of injection nozzles 27 or equivalent, this plurality includes one or more central nozzles 31 located in or near axis 4a and / or one or more several peripheral nozzles 32 located near the wall 33 of the duct section 4 and / or a plurality of median nozzles 34 located between the axis 4) and the wall 33.

The peripheral nozzles 32 and median nozzles 34 are, in an achievement, regularly distributed around axis 4a, either discretely or continuously. For example, these nozzles 32, 34 can be arranged under crown shape.

In any case, the different nozzles 27, 31, 32, 34 are arranged relative to each other to do not substantially obstruct the passage of the fluid gaseous to be discharged which comes from upstream of the section of duct 4 and main duct 2. Indeed, it is desirable that the flow of gaseous fluid to be discharged is not not too disturbed by the presence of the injection nozzles.

In a realization more specially represented by FIGS. 2f and 2g, the injection nozzles 27 are arranged in rows and columns and are carried by a perforated plate located in the section of conduit 4 in being carried by him. This plate is either flat (figure 2f) is curved (Figure 2g).

If a plurality of nozzles are provided injection device 27 or equivalent, the device 1 comprises generally selective control means of the operation of the different nozzles. Indeed, it is not then not necessarily mandatory that all nozzles operate continuously and in the same way.

According to a possible alternative embodiment, the physical characteristics of the gaseous fluid flow drive injected by the different nozzles 27 such that the flow, speed or opening of the beam are identical or neighbors.

On the contrary, according to another variant, they are differentiated according to the nozzles and according to the requirements required. For example, flow and speed can be more important for a central nozzle 31 than for a nozzle device 32.

Furthermore, these physical characteristics can either be constant over time or variable depending on the requirements for a good operation. To this end, the device may include means for adjusting these physical characteristics.

Thus, all or part of the nozzles will be inactive and no air will be injected when the draft is sufficient. On the contrary, all the nozzles will be in operation when the natural draft assisted by the vacuum cleaner 7 will be insufficient.

Furthermore, the spacing between the different injection nozzles 27 and the downstream end 9 of the section of duct 4 or the vacuum cleaner 7 is either identical or differentiated according to nozzles 27 depending on requirements required for proper operation.

This spacing is either constant over time, be variable.

In the latter case, one or some nozzles are adjustable sliding assemblies parallel to axis 4a as already described.

Given that the injection line (s) 28 are located mainly upstream of the injection nozzles 27 or equivalent, the space downstream of the nozzles is free.

However, according to another embodiment shown more specifically by Figures 2h, 2i and 2j, it can one or more walls 35 in the form of a venturi placed downstream of the injection nozzles 27 and associated with they.

For example, a shaped wall may be provided venturi adjoining the wall 33 of the duct section 4 (Figure 2i) or / and a venturi-shaped wall for one or several injection nozzles of the same kind, such as than central (Figure 2h), peripheral or median.

Also, according to another illustrated embodiment by Figure 2k, it can be provided in the section of conduit 4, downstream of the nozzles 27, a diffuser such as 36 allowing the gaseous drive fluid to have a flow appropriate laminar.

The injection nozzles 27 or equivalent can also be subject to different variations of production.

For example, an injection nozzle 27 or equivalent can be chosen to provide an injection flow in narrow beam shape (Figure 3a) or wide beam (Figure 3b) or in the form of a jet in spiral (Figure 3c).

Axis 37 of the flow of gaseous drive fluid from a nozzle 27 can be either fixed (Figures 3a, 3b, 3d), or movable. In the first case, this axis is either parallel to axis 4a (Figures 3a, 3b), either inclined by compared to him (figure 3d). In the second case (figure 3e), the device is provided with means for moving the axis displaceable nozzles and means for controlling these means of travel.

According to another aspect, the device 1 comprises also means for modulating the flow rate and / or the speed of the flow of gaseous driving fluid as a function requirements. Such modulation means include means for controlling the initiation of the injection of the gaseous fluid such as clock, temperature probe, pressure switch or hydrostatic probe.

Claims (55)

1. A device for sucking a gaseous fluid through a main conduit (2) in order to discharge it outside the latter, the gaseous fluid being of the type consisting of ventilation air, gas, fumes or combustion products from industrial or work premises or dwellings, having, in combination, firstly, a section of conduit (4), essentially rectilinear, with a certain axial length, disposed downstream from the main conduit (2) with respect to the direction of flow of the gaseous fluid to be discharged, and secondly means (8) of injecting an entrainment gaseous fluid into the section of conduit (4), in the same direction as the direction of flow of the gaseous fluid to be discharged, the injection means (8) being associated with means (3) of producing entrainment of the said gaseous entrainment fluid, and situated separated at a certain distance upstream from the downstream end (9) of the section of conduit (4), characterised in that the separation between the injection means (8) and the downstream end (9) is a function of the length of the main conduit (2), so that the separation is on the one hand between 0.1 and 20% of the length of the main conduit (2) and more especially around 10% and on the other hand between 50 cm and 2 m, more particularly between 75 cm and 1.25 m, and more particularly around 1 m; the gaseous entrainment fluid injection means (8) and the means (3) of producing entrainment of the said gaseous entrainment fluid are able to allow on the one hand a flow of gaseous entrainment fluid of between 20 and 100% of the nominal flow of the gaseous fluid in the main conduit (2) and more particularly between 20 and 60% and, on the other hand, a speed of the gaseous entrainment fluid of between 10 and 100 m/s, and more particularly between 20 and 60 m/s.
2. A suction device according to Claim 1, characterised in that it also has, in combination, a static or static/mechanical exhaust fan (7) mounted on the section of conduit (4) at its downstream end (9), the gaseous fluid also being entrained through the static or static/mechanical exhaust fan (7) by the injection means (8) situated also at a certain distance from the said exhaust fan (7).
3. A device according to Claim 2, characterised by the fact that the static or static/mechanical exhaust fan is of the type comprising a bottom part (11) and a top part (12) at a distance from each other and associated rigidly with each other along the axis of the section of conduit (4), the bottom part (11) being provided with a passage hole (16) for the gaseous fluid to be discharged and the gaseous entrainment fluid, in communication with the section of conduit (4), this hole (16) opening out into the space (14) existing between the bottom part (11) and the top part (12).
4. A device according to Claim 3, characterised by the fact that the space (14) between the bottom (11) and top (12) parts has in axial section the general form of a venturi.
5. A device according to either one of Claims 3 and 4, characterised by the fact that the static or static/mechanical exhaust fan has a general shape formed by revolution, whose axis (13) is in line with that (4a) of the section of conduit (4) or slightly inclined with respect to it.
6. A device according to any one of Claims 3 to 5, characterised by the fact that the bottom part (11) of the static or static/mechanical exhaust fan (7) comprises at least one top wall (17) which is frustoconical in shape overall, whose small base (19) is turned towards the top part (12) and whose large base (20) is turned towards the section of conduit (4).
7. A device according to Claim 6, characterised by the fact that the bottom part (11) of the static or static/mechanical exhaust fan (7) also comprises a bottom wall (18) which has a general frustoconical shape, whose small base is turned towards the section of conduit (4) and whose large base is turned towards the top wall (17).
8. A device according to any one of Claims 3 to 7, characterised by the fact that the top part (12) of the static or static/mechanical exhaust fan (7) comprises at least one bottom wall (21) whose shape is generally conical or frustoconical, whose apex (23) or small base is turned towards the bottom part (11) and whose large base (24) is opposite the section of conduit (4).
9. A device according to Claim 8, characterised by the fact that the top part (12) of the static or static/mechanical exhaust fan (7) also comprises a top wall (22) whose general shape is conical or frustoconical or hemispherical and whose large base is turned towards the bottom wall (21).
10. A device according any one of Claims 3 to 9, characterised by the fact that the bottom part (11) and the top part (12) have substantially the same outside diameter.
11. A device according to any one of Claims 8 to 10, characterised by the presence of mutual connection struts (15) for the two bottom and top parts (11, 12) associated notably with the top wall (17) of the bottom part (11) and with the bottom wall (21) of the top part (12).
12. A device according to any one of Claims 9 to 11, characterised by the fact that the walls (17, 18, 21, 22) making up the bottom (11) and top (12) parts are solid, with no openings.
13. A device according to any one of Claims 3 to 12, characterised by the fact that the exhaust fan (7) also has an integrated turbine and forms a static/mechanical exhaust fan.
14. A device according to Claim 13, characterised by the fact that the turbine has its blades situated in the space (14) existing between the bottom (11) and top (12) parts or the one formed by the top part (12).
15. A device according to any one of Claims 3 to 14, characterised by the fact that the static or static/mechanical exhaust fan (7) also has a ferrule (25) adjacent to the bottom part (11), intended for fixing the exhaust fan (7) to the section of conduit (4).
16. A device according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, characterised by the fact that the section of conduit (4) is distinct from the main conduit (2) and rigidly associated with it by bolting, welding, strapping or the like.
17. A device according to Claim 16, characterised by the fact that the section of conduit (4) forms an integral part of the mechanical or static/mechanical exhaust fan (7) and consists of the ferrule (25) with which it is provided, this ferrule having sufficient axial length to allow mounting on the main conduit (2).
18. A device according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, characterised by the fact that the main conduit (2) and the section of conduit (4) form one and same piece, the section of conduit (4) forming the downstream end part of the main conduit (2).
19. A device according to any one of Claims 1 to 18, characterised by the fact that the main conduit (2) and the section of conduit (4) have the same diameter or substantially the same diameter.
20. A device according to any one of Claims 1 to 19, characterised by the fact that the main conduit (2) and the section of conduit (4) are coaxial or have their respective axes (2a, 4a) slightly inclined with respect to each other.
21. A device according to any one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised by the fact that the injection means (8) comprise one or more injection nozzles (27) or equivalent situated inside the section of conduit (4) and carried by it and one or more injection conduits (28), in communication with the nozzle or nozzles (27), essentially situated outside the section of conduit (4) and the main conduit (2).
22. A device according to Claim 21, characterised by the fact that the injection conduit or conduits (28) are situated essentially upstream from the nozzles (27).
23. A device according to Claim 21, characterised by the fact that the injection nozzle or nozzles (27) have a general fixed position in the section of conduit (4) at least with regard to their separation with respect to the axis (4a) of the said section of conduit (4).
24. A device according to Claim 21, characterised by the fact that a single injection nozzle (27) is provided, situated on or substantially on the axis (4a) of the section of conduit (4) or a plurality of injection nozzles (27) situated in the immediate vicinity of this axis (4a).
25. A device according to Claim 21, characterised by the fact that several single injection nozzles (27) are provided, disposed at several points on the section of conduit (4), on the axis (4a) and/or separated from it.
26. A device according to Claim 25, characterised by the fact that the plurality of injection nozzles (27) are situated substantially in the same transverse plane of the section of conduit (4).
27. A device according to Claim 25, characterised by the fact that the plurality of injection nozzles (27) are situated substantially in several transverse planes of the section of conduit (4).
28. A device according to Claim 27, characterised by the fact that the transverse planes of nozzles comprise an upstream plane (25) where one or more central nozzles (31) or peripheral nozzles (32) are situated.
29. A device according to Claim 27, characterised by the fact that the transverse planes of nozzles comprise a downstream plane (30) where peripheral nozzles (32) or one or more central nozzles (31) are situated.
30. A device according to any one of Claims 25 to 29, characterised by the fact that the plurality of injection nozzles (27) comprise one or more central nozzles (31) situated on or close to the axis (4a) of the section of conduit (4) and/or a plurality of peripheral nozzles (32) situated close to the wall (33) of the section of conduit (4) and/or a plurality of median nozzles (34) situated between the axis (4a) of the section of conduit (4) and its wall (33).
31. A device according to Claim 30, characterised by the fact that the peripheral (32) and/or median (34) nozzles are evenly distributed around the axis (4a).
32. A device according to any one of Claims 25 to 31, characterised by the fact that the different injection nozzles (27) are disposed with respect to each other so as not substantially to interfere with the passage of the gaseous fluid to be discharged.
33. A device according to any one of Claims 25 to 31, characterised by the fact that the different injection nozzles (27) are arranged in rows and columns carried by a perforated plate situated in the section of conduit (4) and carried by it.
34. A device according to any one of Claims 24 to 33, characterised by the fact that it has means of selective control of the functioning of the different nozzles.
35. A device according to any one of Claims 24 to 34, characterised by the fact that the physical characteristics such as notably flow rate, speed and angle of opening of the pencil of the flow of gaseous entrainment fluid injected by the different nozzles (27) are identical or similar.
36. A device according to any one of Claims 24 to 34, characterised by the fact that the physical characteristics such as notably flow rate, speed and angle of opening of the pencil of the flow of gaseous entrainment fluid injected by the different nozzles (27) are differentiated according to the nozzles (27) in accordance with requirements.
37. A device according to any one of Claims 24 to 36, characterised by the fact that the physical characteristics such as notably flow rate, speed and angle of opening of the pencil of the flow of gaseous entrainment fluid injected by the different nozzles (27) are constant over time.
38. A device according to any one of Claims 24 to 34, characterised by the fact that the physical characteristics such as notably flow rate, speed and angle of opening of the pencil of the flow of gaseous entrainment fluid injected by the different nozzles (27) are variable over time according to requirements.
39. A device according to either one of Claims 37 or 38, characterised by the fact that it has means for adjusting the physical characteristics of the flow of gaseous entrainment fluid for the different injection nozzles over time.
40. A device according to any one of Claims 24 to 39, characterised by the fact that the separation between the different nozzles (27) and the downstream end (9) of the section of conduit (4) or the static or static/mechanical exhaust fan (7) is identical.
41. A device according to any one of Claims 24 to 39, characterised by the fact that the separation between the different nozzles (27) and the downstream end (9) of the section of conduit (4) or the static or static/mechanical exhaust fan (7) is differentiated according to the nozzles (27) as a function of requirements.
42. A device according to Claim 23, characterised by the fact that one or certain nozzles at least are mounted so as to be adjustable for sliding parallel to the axis (4a) of the section of conduit (4) between two extreme positions, respectively distal and proximal.
43. A device according to Claim 42, characterised by the fact that it has means of slidably guiding the nozzle or nozzles adjustable for sliding, means of driving the nozzles and means of controlling the driving means.
44. A device according to any one of Claims 21 to 43, characterised by the fact that the space situated downstream from the injection nozzles (27) or equivalent is free.
45. A device according to any one of Claims 21 to 44, characterised by the fact that one or more walls (45) in the form of a venturi are placed downstream from the injection nozzles.
46. A device according to Claim 45, characterised by the fact that it has a wall (35) in the form of a venturi adjacent to the wall (33) of the section of conduit (4) and/or a wall (35) in the form of a venturi for one or more injection nozzles (27) notably of the same type, central, peripheral or median.
47. A device according to any one of Claims 21 to 46, characterised by the fact that an injection nozzle (27) or equivalent is chosen to procure an injection flow in the form of a narrow pencil or broad pencil, or spiral jet.
48. A device according to any one of Claims 21 to 47, characterised by the fact that an injection nozzle (27) or equivalent has a fixed axis.
49. A device according to Claim 48, characterised by the fact that an injection nozzle (27) or equivalent has its axis parallel to the axis (4a) of the section of conduit (4) or inclined with respect to it.
50. A device according to any one of Claims 21 to 47, characterised by the fact that an injection nozzle (27) or equivalent has a movable axis, the device (1) being provided with means of moving the axis (37) of the movable nozzles and means of controlling the movement means.
51. A device according to any one of Claims 1 to 50, characterised by the fact that it also has means of modulating the flow rate and/or the speed of the gaseous entrainment fluid according to the requirements.
52. A device according to Claim 51, characterised by the fact that the said means of modulating the flow rate and/or the speed of flow of the gaseous entrainment fluid according to requirements has means of controlling the triggering of the injection of the gaseous entrainment fluid such as a clock, temperature probe, pressure switch or hydrostatic probe.
53. An installation for sucking a gaseous fluid through a main conduit (2) in order to discharge it to the outside thereof, intended for discharging ventilation air, gases, fumes or combustion products coming from industrial or work premises or dwellings, characterised by the fact that it has one or more main conduits (2) and one or more devices (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 52.
54. An installation according to Claim 53, characterised by the fact that several main conduits (2) are associated and connected to the same section of conduit (4).
55. An installation according to either one of Claims 53 and 54, characterised by the fact that the means (3) of producing and entraining gaseous entrainment fluid are separated from the device or devices (1).

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