EP0878672B1 - Ventilation system with supplementary air injection for improved draught - Google Patents

Ventilation system with supplementary air injection for improved draught Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0878672B1
EP0878672B1 EP98401132A EP98401132A EP0878672B1 EP 0878672 B1 EP0878672 B1 EP 0878672B1 EP 98401132 A EP98401132 A EP 98401132A EP 98401132 A EP98401132 A EP 98401132A EP 0878672 B1 EP0878672 B1 EP 0878672B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
installation according
conduit
section
main
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP98401132A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0878672A1 (en
Inventor
André Amphoux
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/26—Arrangements for air-circulation by means of induction, e.g. by fluid coupling or thermal effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/003—Ventilation in combination with air cleaning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F24F7/08—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit with separate ducts for supplied and exhausted air with provisions for reversal of the input and output systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F2007/004—Natural ventilation using convection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an installation for natural ventilation at least one room in a building that includes a supply system air inside the room and an air exhaust system from the room.
  • This embodiment of the injection device can also include means for selective control of the operation of different nozzles and possibly one or more walls in the form of venturi, placed downstream of the injection nozzles.
  • Said part is in the form of a sleeve, forming a interior passage for additional air and comprising a plurality hollow grooves extending over its outer surface, from a interior free extreme edge, up to a peripheral zone.
  • the hollow grooves have the function of delimiting, with the duct section, channels for the introduction of air additional.
  • peripheral zone has the function of delimiting with said section of duct leads to an additional air collection space.
  • the part has a first shaped part crown, which defines the grooves and includes the peripheral zone, and a second part forming a support, the first part being mounted on the second part.
  • the duct section has a first portion coming in look from and close to the external surface of the part comprising the grooves, so as to form channels for the introduction of air additional; and a second portion, facing and away from the peripheral area to form, between the outer surface corresponding piece and said second portion, a space annular, forming an additional air collection chamber.
  • At least one air introduction orifice is provided on the second portion, so as to lead into said chamber.
  • Air supply means communicate with the collection through the orifice.
  • the second part of the part is introduced into the conduit main downstream of a second section forming part of said conduit main.
  • the primary source of air for the air supply system can be separate or located in the evacuation zone, into which the main column.
  • the installation may also include a second column surrounding the main column, and leading to a part in the evacuation area, and secondly, in a supply pipe, connected to the main duct of the air supply system; space separating the main column from the second column receiving the air in coming from the evacuation zone, which is then trained, in the supply pipe, then the main duct of the air supply system.
  • the second embodiment of the installation of the invention which includes the second column, also has the advantage that the air from the exhaust area can be heated naturally, by its contact with the main column, during its passage between the second column and the main column towards the supply pipe.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view illustrating an installation for the natural ventilation of several rooms in a building, according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS 2 and 3 schematically represent two variants additional air injection device.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 show two alternative means additional air injection, which can be used in the device Figure 2.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view illustrating an installation for natural ventilation of at least one room in a building, according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention relates firstly to a system air intake, referenced in 1 in Figures 1 and 6, ... the interior of minus a room 2 of a building 3, for example a dwelling residential.
  • air is meant natural air or any other gaseous fluid.
  • Figures 1 and 6 schematically represent part of a building 3 comprising several rooms 2 arranged on several floors 2a, 2b.
  • the air supply system 1 comprises a main duct 4, extending substantially vertically, across the one-story building 2a to another floor 2b, and between two adjoining rooms 2 on the same floor 2a, 2b.
  • the downstream end 4a of the main duct 4 is thus located close to the upper part 3b of the building 3, and is closed.
  • the upstream end 4b of the main conduit is located towards the lower part 3a of building 3 and leads to a first air source 5 such as by example a specific part.
  • the main duct 4 has a section substantially circular transverse in the modes of embodiment shown, with the exception of Figure 4, where the section is substantially square.
  • One or more air intake vents 6 are mounted on the main duct 4, substantially next to each room 2.
  • these air intake vents 6 correspond respectively at the free end of a conduit 6a, of the type shunt, angled, and a portion of which extends substantially parallel to the main conduit 4 substantially following the height of a room 2.
  • the portion of the conduit 6a, which is mounted in the nozzle on the main duct 4, is in turn substantially perpendicular to the duct 4.
  • the air from the first air source 5 is introduced naturally in main duct 4 from its upstream end 4b toward its downstream end 4a, and is thus distributed in each room 2, via the vents inlet 6.
  • At least a first device of additional air injection 7 is positioned towards the upstream end 4b of the main duct 4.
  • the first injection device 7 is arranged downstream and close to the first air source 5.
  • the air flow introduced into rooms 2 will be thus activated, without increasing the power injection from the first air source 5.
  • the first air injection device 7 comprises a section of conduit 8, a first of which end 8a is arranged and opens towards the end upstream 4b of the main conduit 4, and the second of which end 8b leads to a second air source 9.
  • This section of conduit 8 is thus mounted in connection on the main conduit 4 towards its upstream end 4b.
  • At least one injection pipe 10 opens out from a leaves at 10a, in the section of conduit 8, towards its first end 8a, and on the other hand, at 10b, inside the main duct 4.
  • this is connected to at least one nozzle injection 11 or the like.
  • the nozzle (s) 11 are thus located inside from main duct 4 and can optionally be worn by him.
  • the duct (s) injection nozzles 10 are located substantially upstream of the nozzles 11 so as not to hinder the flow of drive air from them.
  • the injection pipe 10 extends substantially horizontally and has only a single nozzle 11.
  • This nozzle 11 is located substantially along the axis D of the main duct 4. Its free end, through which additional air is ejected, is directed to the downstream end 4a of the main duct 4.
  • the first and second air sources 5, 9 are distinct.
  • Air from the second air source 9 flows inside the section of conduit 8 from its second end 8b to end 10a of the conduit injection 10, along arrow F2.
  • a plurality of nozzles can be provided injection 11 located in the immediate vicinity of this axis D.
  • This plurality of injection nozzles 11 is found substantially either in the same transverse plane of the duct 4 (not shown), or in several transverse planes, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the transverse nozzle planes comprise an upstream plane P 1 and a downstream plane P 2 .
  • this plurality comprises one or more central nozzles 11 'located in or at proximity to the D axis and / or one or more nozzles 11 "peripherals located near the wall 4c of the conduit 4 and / or a plurality of median nozzles (not shown) located between the axis D and the wall 4c.
  • peripheral 11 "and median nozzles are, in an achievement, regularly distributed around axis D, either discreetly or continuously.
  • these nozzles can be arranged in the form of crowned.
  • the different nozzles 11, 11 ', 11 are arranged in relation to each other so as not to not substantially obstruct the air passage which comes from upstream from conduit 4. Indeed, it is desirable that the air flow is not too disturbed by the presence of the injection nozzles.
  • the injection nozzles 11 are arranged in rows and columns and are carried by a perforated plate located in the conduit 4 while being carried by it.
  • This plate is either flat, or curved.
  • the injection device 7 includes generally selective control means (not shown) of the operation of the different nozzles. In indeed, it is not necessarily mandatory that all nozzles operate continuously and the same way.
  • the physical characteristics of the drive air flow injected by the different nozzles 11 such as flow, beam speed or aperture are the same or neighbors.
  • the injection device 7 may include means for adjusting these physical characteristics.
  • the spacing between the different injection nozzles 11 and the downstream end 4a of the conduit 4 is either identical or differentiated according to the nozzles 11 in based on the requirements for proper operation.
  • This spacing is either constant over time, be variable.
  • one or some nozzles are adjustable sliding sliding parallel to the axis D as described below.
  • the space downstream of the nozzles is free.
  • FIG. 2 there may be provided a or several venturi-shaped walls 13 placed downstream injection nozzles 11 and associated with them.
  • a shaped wall may be provided venturi adjoining the wall 4c of the duct 4 (not shown) or / and a venturi-shaped wall for one or several injection nozzles of the same kind, such as than central ( Figure 2), peripheral or median.
  • conduit 4 can be provided in the conduit 4, downstream nozzles 11, a diffuser (not shown) allowing training air to have an appropriate laminar flow.
  • the injection nozzles 11 or equivalent can also be subject to different variations of production.
  • an injection nozzle 11 can be chosen to provide an injection flow in the form of narrow beam or in the form of a broad beam or in spiral jet shape.
  • the axis of the flow of gaseous drive fluid from a nozzle 11 can be either fixed or movable. In the first case, this axis is either parallel to the axis D ( Figures 2, 5 and 6), or inclined relative to it. In the second case, the injection device 7 is provided with means for moving the axis of the movable nozzles and the means of controlling these means of movement (not represented).
  • the injection device 7 also includes means for modulating the flow rate and / or the speed of the flow of entrained air as a function requirements.
  • modulation means include means for controlling the initiation of the injection of the gaseous fluid such as clock, temperature probe, pressure switch or hydrostatic probe.
  • the one or more injection nozzles 11 have a generally fixed position in the conduit 4, at least as regards their spacing by relative to the axis D of said conduit 4.
  • At least one or some nozzles are mounted adjustable to sliding parallel to this axis D between two positions extremes respectively distal and proximal.
  • the device injection means 7 includes sliding guide means injection nozzle (s) 11, which are adjustable to sliding.
  • the device also includes means drive nozzles and control means of said training means.
  • the nozzles can be mounted on sections of pipes slidably mounted one inside the other.
  • the nozzles can be carried by a system such as a deformable parallelogram while being joined to the injection pipe 10 by flexible pipes.
  • the injection device 7 has a single nozzle 11 which extends along the axis D of the duct 4, of section substantially square transverse.
  • the nozzle 11 is held in a fixed position at the interior of the main duct 4 by means of parts forming springs 14a and 14b, rigidly fixed to the walls 4c of the main duct 15.
  • springs 14a, 14b are respectively in the form of a rod, for example metallic, partially wound, towards its center, around the body of the nozzle 11.
  • each of the rods 14a, 14b has a length substantially equal to the distance between two opposite walls 4c of the duct main -or to the diameter of the duct 4 in the case where this would have a circular cross-section.
  • a part 10a of the injection pipe 10 extends substantially perpendicular to the general direction of the nozzle 11, and therefore from the axis D, along a diagonal D 'of the section square cross section of the duct 4.
  • This part of the injection pipe 10a is connected, on the side opposite nozzle 11, on the one hand to a second part 10b, opening into the section of conduit 8, as this has been indicated previously; and on the other hand to a tube 16 extending substantially parallel to the axis D.
  • the tube 16 is hollow and connected to a lever 17, outside the main duct 4.
  • a cable is arranged, connected on the one hand to the lever 17, and on the other hand at a respective end 15 of each rod 14a, 14b.
  • the tension of cable 18 will bring back the two rods 14a and 14b towards each other, in their first position extreme, i.e. substantially parallel to the first part of the injection pipe 10a.
  • the nozzle 11 will then be free to any axial, radial or other displacement.
  • the rods 14a and 14b exert one by compared to each other movements similar to the two branches of a pair of scissors.
  • Locking means allow the blocking of the lever 17 in each of the extreme positions.
  • rigid fixing device of a nozzle which has just been described, may well be suitable for other types of nozzles than those shown in Figure 4, and to other main conduits 4 of section different cross, as circular as shown previously.
  • the tube 16 has several sliding pipes, one in the other, which would make it possible to adjust the nozzle (s) 11 to sliding parallel to the D axis, as shown previously.
  • the first injection device 7 comprises, towards the second end 8b of the duct section 8 and downstream of the second air source 9, successively means for additional air drive production 19, such that for example motor means (fans or analogs), and / or means 20 for filtering and / or treating additional air, and / or means 21 allowing the heating or cooling the additional air.
  • motor means fans or analogs
  • / or means 20 for filtering and / or treating additional air
  • / or means 21 allowing the heating or cooling the additional air.
  • the means 19, 20 and 21 are of the type used conventionally in the air exhaust devices of prior art.
  • These means 22 can for example be arranged at inside the main duct 4, upstream of the first end 8a of the duct section 8 and therefore means injection 12.
  • the injection device 7 comprises a section of conduit 23 forming part of the main conduit 4 and a room 24 surrounded by the main duct 4, and positioned, coaxially, upstream of a part end 23a of the section of conduit 23.
  • Said part 24 is in the form of a hollow sleeve, of longitudinal axis L, and forming a passage interior 24 'for air from the first air source 5.
  • the sleeve 24 is formed by two adjoining hollow parts 24a and 24b and coaxial.
  • the first part 24a is formed by a surface inner 25 and an outer surface 27 extending along the axis L.
  • the inner surface 25 has a section constant transverse, substantially circular. She thus has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the peripheral wall 26 of the sleeve has a certain thickness, not constant, along the axis L.
  • the outer surface 27 has a substantially frustoconical shape.
  • the surface outer 27 is inclined relative to the surface inner 25, or relative to the longitudinal axis L, at an angle between about 5 ° and 30 °, and preferably around 10 °.
  • This outer surface 27 is thus delimited on the one hand by an extreme free edge of small section, referenced in 27a, and on the other hand, by a large edge section, referenced in 27b.
  • the outer surface 27 comprises, according to the direction L of the grooves 28, extending from the edge from small section 27a to a peripheral zone 27c, excluded, itself delimited by the edge of large section 27b.
  • the grooves 28 are substantially axial in the present case. They can also be helical, or of any other form.
  • the peripheral zone 27c is substantially smooth. We could also provide that it also includes splines 28.
  • This peripheral zone 27c extends over approximately one quarter to an eighth, preferably 1 / 6th of the height - counted along the axis L- of the first part 24a, at from the edge of large section 27b.
  • the grooves 28 are regularly arranged on the outer surface of the sleeve 24 around its axis L and are large enough to be substantially neighboring.
  • the second part 24b of room 24 is adjacent and coaxial with the first, on the side opposite the edge of small section 27a.
  • the second part 24b is adjoining the peripheral zone 27c by the edge 27b.
  • the sleeve 24 is in one piece.
  • first and the second parts 24a, 24b are separate and assembled rigidly to each other.
  • the second part 24b presents, in the extension of the cylindrical inner surface 25, a interior surface 30 of the same shape over about a quarter to an eighth, and more specifically 1 / 6th, of its height - counted along the axis L- from edge 27b, then from substantially frustoconical shape.
  • the large base 30b of this interior surface frusto-conical 30 is farthest from the surface cylindrical 25 along the axis L.
  • the surface interior 30 of the second part 24b either of form frustoconical from edge 27b.
  • the small base 30a of this frustoconical interior surface 30 would correspond thus at the edge of the cylindrical inner surface 25.
  • the surface frustoconical interior 30 of the second part 24b has an inclination to the surface inner cylindrical 25, and therefore to the axis L, included between approximately 10 ° and 40 °, in particular of the order of 25 °.
  • the outer surface 31 of the second part 24b has a substantially circular section, of diameter greater than that of the outer surface 27 of the first part 24a. More specifically, the surface outer 31 has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the outer surface 31 has a radial offset 32 towards the outside, with respect to the outer surface 27.
  • This radial offset 32 thus substantially forms the boundary between the first and second parts 24a, 24b.
  • This radial recess 32 includes means 32a allowing the attachment of an element such as a section of leads for example.
  • These fixing means 32a are materialized by at minus one orifice, for example tapped, formed in the thickness of the second part 24b and extending substantially parallel to the L axis, from radial offset 32.
  • This orifice is adapted to receive an element of substantially complementary shape, such as a screw.
  • Ports 32b of the same type extending substantially perpendicular to the L axis and adapted to receive for example a screw for fixing a part complementary on the lower extreme part of the second part 24b.
  • the part 24 is for example made of metal.
  • At least the first part 24a of room 24 comprising the grooves 28 is embedded inside the end portion 23a of the duct section.
  • This assembly is carried out rigidly but removable, for example using bolts or strapping, or the like.
  • the assembly is carried out so that the part 24 extends coaxially with the section of conduit 23.
  • the duct section 23 comprises at least two portions 33, 35 whose walls, both internal and external, are substantially smooth and straight.
  • the first portion 33 is opposite and close to the outer surface 27 of the part 24, comprising the grooves 6, so as to form channels for the introduction of additional air, between two adjacent flutes.
  • the second portion 35, adjoining the first 33, is opposite and removed from the peripheral zone 27c, so as to form between them an annular space forming an additional air collection chamber 36, peripheral.
  • the second portion 35 forms an extreme part of the section of conduit 23a.
  • the duct section 23 has a section substantially circular.
  • the first portion 33 of the section of conduit 23a has a substantially frustoconical shape, the small base is located substantially opposite the free edge 27a of the part 24, and whose large base is located substantially opposite the limit between the grooves 28 and the zone device 27c.
  • the second portion 35 of the section of conduit 23 has a substantially cylindrical shape, a outward radial shoulder 33a forming the junction between the first 33 and the second 35 portions.
  • the section of the second portion 35 is by therefore larger than that of the first portion 33.
  • the space separating the second portion 35 of the first part 24a is larger than that separating the first portion 33 of the first portion 24a.
  • the space provided between the first portion 33, respectively the second portion 35, and the part 24, can be adjusted by interposing shims (not shown) between the radial offset 32 and the free end 35a of the duct section 23.
  • the collection chamber 36 is in communication with air supply means 37, such as at least one pipe, connected to the second portion 35, via at least one orifice, opening into said chamber 36.
  • air supply means 37 such as at least one pipe
  • the means air intake 37 are located substantially at the level of the radial offset 32.
  • the air supply means 37 are connected to a second air source 9, separate, in this case, from the first air source 5.
  • the duct section 23 is extended from the first portion 33, on the side opposite the second portion 35, by a portion of free section 34.
  • This free section portion 34 has a substantially frustoconical shape, of which the small section 34a adjoins the first portion 33 and the large section 34b is located on the opposite side from the part 24.
  • the small section 34a is thus identical and combined with the small section of the first portion 33.
  • the portion of free section 34 is formed in one piece with the pipe section 23.
  • At least part of the second part 24b of the part 24 is embedded in a second section of conduit 38 connected and coaxial to the main duct 4.
  • means 22 for filtering and / or process the air from the first source 5, are interposed between the second section 38 and the conduit main 4.
  • This intermediate piece 39 surrounds the first part 24a of the part 24, comprising the grooves 28, and at least the first portion 33 of the duct section 23.
  • the intermediate piece 39 surrounds, along the axis L, at least part of the portion of free section 34, the first portion 33, the second portion 35, at least part of the second part 24b of the part 24, until it comes into substantial abutment against the second section 38.
  • the intermediate piece 39 has two adjoining sections, of substantially cylindrical shape.
  • One of the sections 39a, of smaller section surrounds the section of conduit 23, while the other section 39b, surrounds the second part 24b of room 24.
  • the junction of the two sections 39a and 39b is performed at the radial offset 32.
  • the additional air, coming from the second source 9, is introduced via the supply duct 37, inside the collection 36.
  • This additional air is then routed into the main duct 4 via the channels formed by means of grooves 28 and formed between the first portion of section 33 and the first part 24a of the part 24.
  • the additional gaseous fluid can be injected through the grooves at a speed between about 20 and 160 meters per second, which considerably increases the speed of training the initial look.
  • the invention in a second step, relates to a installation for natural ventilation of at least one room 2 of a building 3.
  • This installation represented according to two variants in Figures 1 and 6, includes a system air supply 1, of the type defined above, allowing introducing air inside a room 2 at less, as noted above; and a system extracting air 40 from said part 2.
  • the air extraction system 40 comprises a column main 41 extending substantially vertically, and separate from main system duct 4 air supply 1.
  • each part 2 are located, on the one hand the main conduit 4, and on the other hand, the main column 41.
  • the column main 41 has a cross section substantially circular.
  • the downstream end 41a of the main column leads to an evacuation zone 42.
  • This evacuation zone 42 is located outside of building 3.
  • At least one extraction mouth 43 is mounted in tapping on the main column 41, between the end upstream 41b and the downstream end 41a.
  • Each extraction mouth 43 opens onto a respective room 2.
  • the extraction vents 43 are of the same type as the air intake vents 6 which have been described previously with respect to the air supply system 1.
  • a second air injection device additional 44 is mounted towards the downstream end 41a of the main column 41.
  • this second injection device air is placed outside the building 3.
  • This second air injection device 44 is substantially identical to the first injection device 7, two variants of which have been described previously, in reference to Figures 2 and 3.
  • the air extraction system 40 further comprises, spaced at a certain distance from the downstream end 41a of the main column 41, a static vacuum cleaner or statomechanics 45.
  • the air extraction system 40 may not have the second injection device 44 and / or the vacuum cleaner 45.
  • a static vacuum cleaner such as 45, or a statomechanical or dynamic vacuum cleaner, can be many variants.
  • the static vacuum cleaner 45 is of the type comprising a lower part 46, upper part 47 coaxial of axis 48. These lower parts 46 and upper 47 are of revolution around this axis, and have a diameter identical or substantially the same exterior.
  • the two lower parts 46 and upper 47 are separated from each other to provide a free space 49 having in axial section a general shape of venturi.
  • the lower parts 46 and 47 are rigidly associated with each other, along the axis 48, by means of reciprocal securing spacers 50.
  • the main column 41 can form a diffuser in the lower part 46.
  • the axis 48 is coaxial with the axis L of the main column 41. In other embodiments not shown, axis 48 can be slightly inclined with respect to the L axis and with respect to the vertical.
  • the lower part 46 comprises, in the illustrated embodiment, an upper wall 52 and a bottom wall 53.
  • Both the upper wall 52 and the lower wall 53 have a general frustoconical shape.
  • the small base 54 of the upper wall 52 is turned towards the part upper 47 and space 49.
  • the large base 55 of the wall upper 52 faces the main column 41 and it is common with the large base of the lower wall 53 whose small base faces the column main 41.
  • the upper 47 has a lower wall 56 and an upper wall 57.
  • the bottom wall 56 a in the embodiment shown, a general conical shape. In an other possible embodiment, the bottom wall 56 has a general frustoconical shape.
  • the tip 58 or the small base of the wall lower 56 is turned towards the lower part 46, that is to say towards space 49.
  • the large base 59 is quant opposite to the main column 41.
  • the upper wall 57 a in the embodiment shown, a general conical shape. In other embodiments, the upper wall 57 has a shape general frustoconical or hemispherical, or a form complex derived from the above forms. Wall superior 57 has a large common base with the large base 59. It is therefore turned towards the lower part 46.
  • the spacers 50 already mentioned are by example associated with the upper wall 52 of the part lower 46 and to the lower wall 56 of the part superior 47.
  • the vacuum cleaner 45 represented is of static type, it also enters the part of the present invention that this vacuum cleaner is stato-mechanical type. In this case (not shown), the vacuum cleaner 45 also includes an integrated turbine.
  • This turbine has its blades located in space 49 or in a space provided by the upper part 47.
  • a second column 59 surrounds the main column 41.
  • This second column 59 leads on the one hand into the evacuation zone 42, therefore outside the building 3, and on the other hand, in a supply pipe 60, which is connected to main duct 4 of the air supply system 1.
  • the second column 59 has a cross section substantially circular, with a diameter greater than that of the column main 41.
  • this second column 59 as well as the main column 41 and main duct 4 can be respectively unitary or composed of several aligned, coaxial and fixed sections two by two.
  • the space 61 separating the second column 59 from the main column 41, is large enough that the air coming from the evacuation zone 42 can there circulate, following the arrows F3.
  • This air is then routed through the supply pipe 60 to main duct 4 of the air supply system 1.
  • the first air source 5 is combined with evacuation zone 42.
  • Ports 62 are formed on the wall of the second column 59 so as to allow the passage of the or extraction vents 43 which are mounted in the nozzle on the main column 41.
  • a bypass system 63 leading to a source of fresh air 64 can also plan to arrange, for example on the supply pipe 60, a bypass system 63 leading to a source of fresh air 64.
  • the 63 bypass system would allow to close the upstream end 59b of the second column 59 and open the downstream end of source 64.
  • the lower walls 27, 30 26 and 31 have a general shape prismatic.
  • the small base 54 of the wall upper 52 and, if applicable, the small base of the lower wall 56 would have a section rectangular and not square, as is the case with regard to the aforementioned vacuum cleaner 45.
  • a stump surrounding the column main 41 from the flashing to the vacuum cleaner 45, excluded, can be rigidly fixed to the flashing.
  • This strain is for example made in a prefabricated metallic material.
  • the walls of the strain are sufficiently spaced from the downstream end of the main column 41 and of the injection device 44, of so as to leave a free space between them, to allow for example insulation against cold drafts or hot outside. This insulation is for example ensured using rock wool or the like attached to the interior walls of the strain.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)
  • Self-Closing Valves And Venting Or Aerating Valves (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

The system consists of a main vertical duct (4) with its upper end (4a) closed, its lower end (4b) connected to a source of air (5), and one or more lateral outlets (6). It also has at least one supplementary air injector (7) to increase the flow, situated towards the lower end of the duct. The system also incorporates an air extractor unit with a main vertical duct (41) which has its upper end (41a) situated above the building, and one or more extractor intakes (43) along its length. The extractor unit has an additional air injector (44) which is identical to the one used on the intake but is situated at the outlet end of the duct to increase the flow of air through it.

Description

L'invention concerne une installation pour la ventilation naturelle d'au moins une pièce d'un bâtiment qui comprend un système d'amenée d'air à l'intérieur de la pièce et un système d'évacuation d'air de la pièce.The invention relates to an installation for natural ventilation at least one room in a building that includes a supply system air inside the room and an air exhaust system from the room.

Le document EP-A-329498 révèle une installation de ce type qui comporte: un système d'amenée d'air dans la pièce et un système d'extraction d'air de la pièce qui comporte :

  • une colonne principale s'étendant sensiblement verticalement dont l'extrémité aval débouche sur une zone d'évacuation et dont l'extrémité amont est obturée ;
  • au moins une bouche d'extraction montée en piquage sur la colonne principale entre l'extrémité amont et l'extrémité aval et débouchant sur une pièce ; et
  • un dispositif d'injection d'air supplémentaire positionné vers l'extrémité aval de la colonne principale.
The document EP-A-329498 discloses an installation of this type which comprises: an air supply system into the room and an air extraction system from the room which comprises:
  • a main column extending substantially vertically, the downstream end of which opens onto a discharge zone and the upstream end of which is closed;
  • at least one extraction mouth mounted on the main column between the upstream end and the downstream end and opening onto a part; and
  • an additional air injection device positioned towards the downstream end of the main column.

L'invention concerne une installation du type connu selon le document EP-A-329498 telle que :

  • le système d'amenée d'air comporte :
    • un conduit principal s'étendant sensiblement verticalement, dont l'extrémité aval est obturée et dont l'extrémité amont débouche sur une première source d'air, et comportant au moins une bouche d'amenée d'air montée en piquage entre ses extrémités amont et aval et débouchant sur une pièce ;
    • et au moins un premier dispositif d'injection d'air supplémentaire positionné vers l'extrémité amont du conduit principal, ayant pour fonction d'entraíner l'air provenant de la première source d'air vers son extrémité aval ;
  • le système d'extraction d'air comporte en outre un aspirateur statique ou stato-mécanique écarté de l'extrémité aval de la colonne principale ;
    • et telle qu'elle comprend des moyens de commande sélectifs du fonctionnement du premier et du deuxième dispositifs d'injection tel que la modulation de débit et/ou la vitesse en fonction des exigences requises, tels qu'horloge, sonde de température, pressiostat ou sonde hydrostatique.The invention relates to an installation of the type known according to document EP-A-329498 such as:
  • the air supply system includes:
    • a main duct extending substantially vertically, the downstream end of which is closed off and the upstream end of which leads to a first air source, and comprising at least one air intake mouth mounted in connection between its upstream ends and downstream and leading to a part;
    • and at least a first additional air injection device positioned towards the upstream end of the main duct, having the function of entraining the air coming from the first air source towards its downstream end;
  • the air extraction system further comprises a static or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner spaced from the downstream end of the main column;
    • and as it comprises means for selective control of the operation of the first and second injection devices such as the flow rate modulation and / or the speed as a function of the required requirements, such as clock, temperature probe, pressure switch or hydrostatic probe.

    Dans un premier mode de réalisation, le premier dispositif d'injection comprend :

    • un tronçon de conduit, dont une première extrémité est disposée et débouche vers l'extrémité amont du conduit principal et dont la seconde extrémité débouche sur une deuxième source d'air ;
    • des moyens d'injection d'air supplémentaire, montés à l'intérieur du conduit principal au niveau de la jonction de ce dernier avec la première extrémité du tronçon de conduit ;
       l'air supplémentaire injecté en provenance de la deuxième source d'air, et circulant dans le tronçon de conduit, étant injecté dans le conduit principal, dans le même sens de circulation que l'air provenant de la première source d'air.In a first embodiment, the first injection device comprises:
    • a section of duct, a first end of which is arranged and opens towards the upstream end of the main duct and the second end of which opens onto a second air source;
    • additional air injection means, mounted inside the main duct at the junction of the latter with the first end of the duct section;
    the additional air injected from the second air source, and circulating in the duct section, being injected into the main duct, in the same direction of circulation as the air coming from the first air source.

    On peut envisager que la première et la seconde sources d'air sont distinctes.We can consider that the first and second air sources are distinct.

    Dans un mode de réalisation, les moyens d'injection comprennent

    • au moins une buse d'injection ou analogue, située à l'intérieur du conduit principal, et portée par lui ; et
    • au moins un conduit d'injection, reliant la ou les buses au tronçon de conduit.
    In one embodiment, the injection means comprise
    • at least one injection nozzle or the like, located inside the main duct, and carried by it; and
    • at least one injection pipe, connecting the nozzle (s) to the pipe section.

    Ce mode de réalisation du dispositif d'injection peut en outre comporter des moyens de commande sélective du fonctionnement des différentes buses et éventuellement une ou plusieurs parois en forme de venturi, placées en aval des buses d'injection.This embodiment of the injection device can also include means for selective control of the operation of different nozzles and possibly one or more walls in the form of venturi, placed downstream of the injection nozzles.

    Suivant un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, le premier dispositif d'injection comprend :

    • un tronçon de conduit faisant partie du conduit principal ; et
    • une pièce entourée par le conduit principal, et positionnée, de manière coaxiale, en amont d'une partie extrême du tronçon de conduit.
    According to a second embodiment of the invention, the first injection device comprises:
    • a pipe section forming part of the main pipe; and
    • a part surrounded by the main duct, and positioned, coaxially, upstream of an end portion of the section of duct.

    Ladite pièce se présente sous la forme d'un manchon, formant un passage intérieur pour l'air supplémentaire et comportant, une pluralité de cannelures en creux s'étendant sur sa surface extérieure, depuis un bord extrême libre intérieur, jusqu'à une zone périphérique.Said part is in the form of a sleeve, forming a interior passage for additional air and comprising a plurality hollow grooves extending over its outer surface, from a interior free extreme edge, up to a peripheral zone.

    Les cannelures en creux ont pour fonction de délimiter, avec le tronçon de conduit, des canaux pour l'introduction de l'air supplémentaire.The hollow grooves have the function of delimiting, with the duct section, channels for the introduction of air additional.

    En outre, la zone périphérique a pour fonction de délimiter avec ledit tronçon de conduit un espace de collecte de l'air supplémentaire.In addition, the peripheral zone has the function of delimiting with said section of duct leads to an additional air collection space.

    Plus précisément, la pièce comporte une première partie en forme de couronne, qui définit les cannelures et comprend la zone périphérique, et une deuxième partie formant support, la première partie étant montée sur la deuxième partie. More specifically, the part has a first shaped part crown, which defines the grooves and includes the peripheral zone, and a second part forming a support, the first part being mounted on the second part.

    Le tronçon de conduit comporte une première portion venant en regard de et proche de la surface extérieure de la pièce comportant les cannelures, de manière à former des canaux pour l'introduction de l'air supplémentaire ; et une deuxième portion, en regard et écartée de la zone périphérique pour former, entre la surface extérieure correspondante de la pièce et ladite deuxième portion, un espace annulaire, formant chambre de collecte de l'air supplémentaire.The duct section has a first portion coming in look from and close to the external surface of the part comprising the grooves, so as to form channels for the introduction of air additional; and a second portion, facing and away from the peripheral area to form, between the outer surface corresponding piece and said second portion, a space annular, forming an additional air collection chamber.

    Au moins un orifice d'introduction d'air est ménagé sur la deuxième portion, de manière à déboucher dans ladite chambre.At least one air introduction orifice is provided on the second portion, so as to lead into said chamber.

    Des moyens d'amenée d'air communiquent avec la chambre de collecte par l'orifice.Air supply means communicate with the collection through the orifice.

    La deuxième partie de la pièce est introduite dans le conduit principal en aval d'un second tronçon faisant partie dudit conduit principal.The second part of the part is introduced into the conduit main downstream of a second section forming part of said conduit main.

    On peut en outre prévoir une pièce intermédiaire entourant le premier dispositif d'injection au moins en regard des cannelures.It is also possible to provide an intermediate piece surrounding the first injection device at least opposite the grooves.

    La première source d'air du système d'amenée d'air peut être distincte ou située dans la zone d'évacuation, dans laquelle débouche la colonne principale.The primary source of air for the air supply system can be separate or located in the evacuation zone, into which the main column.

    Dans le second cas, l'installation peut comporter en outre une seconde colonne entourant la colonne principale, et débouchant d'une part dans la zone d'évacuation, et d'autre part, dans un tuyau d'amenée, connecté au conduit principal du système d'amenée d'air ; l'espace séparant la colonne principale de la seconde colonne recevant l'air en provenance de la zone d'évacuation, qui est ensuite entraínée, dans le tuyau d'amenée, puis le conduit principal du système d'amenée d'air.In the second case, the installation may also include a second column surrounding the main column, and leading to a part in the evacuation area, and secondly, in a supply pipe, connected to the main duct of the air supply system; space separating the main column from the second column receiving the air in coming from the evacuation zone, which is then trained, in the supply pipe, then the main duct of the air supply system.

    Une telle installation présente notamment l'avantage de pouvoir ventiler naturellement une pièce, de manière simple, efficace et peu coûteuse.Such an installation has the particular advantage of being able to ventilate a room naturally, simply, efficiently and with little expensive.

    Par ailleurs, le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'installation de l'invention -qui comporte la seconde colonne- a en outre l'avantage que l'air en provenance de la zone d'évacuation puisse être réchauffé naturellement, par son contact avec la colonne principale, lors de son passage entre la seconde colonne et la colonne principale en direction du tuyau d'amenée.Furthermore, the second embodiment of the installation of the invention, which includes the second column, also has the advantage that the air from the exhaust area can be heated naturally, by its contact with the main column, during its passage between the second column and the main column towards the supply pipe.

    L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description détaillée qui suit, en référence aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs.The invention will be better understood in the light of the description detailed below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given as non-limiting examples.

    La figure 1 est une vue schématique illustrant une installation pour la ventilation naturelle de plusieurs pièces d'un bâtiment, suivant un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention.Figure 1 is a schematic view illustrating an installation for the natural ventilation of several rooms in a building, according to a first embodiment of the invention.

    Les figures 2 et 3 représentent schématiquement deux variantes de dispositif d'injection d'air supplémentaire.Figures 2 and 3 schematically represent two variants additional air injection device.

    Les figures 4 et 5 représentent deux variantes de moyens d'injection d'air supplémentaire, pouvant être utilisées dans le dispositif d'injection de la figure 2. Figures 4 and 5 show two alternative means additional air injection, which can be used in the device Figure 2.

    Enfin, la figure 6 est une vue schématique illustrant une installation pour la ventilation naturelle d'au moins une pièce d'un bâtiment, suivant un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.Finally, Figure 6 is a schematic view illustrating an installation for natural ventilation of at least one room in a building, according to a second embodiment of the invention.

    L'invention concerne dans un premier temps, un système d'amenée d'air, référencé en 1 sur les figures 1 et 6, ... l'intérieur d'au moins une pièce 2 d'un bâtiment 3, par exemple un logement d'habitation.The invention relates firstly to a system air intake, referenced in 1 in Figures 1 and 6, ... the interior of minus a room 2 of a building 3, for example a dwelling residential.

    Dans la présente invention, on entend par "air", l'air naturel ou tout autre fluide gazeux.In the present invention, by "air" is meant natural air or any other gaseous fluid.

    Les figures 1 et 6 représentent schématiquement une partie d'un bâtiment 3 comportant plusieurs pièces 2 disposées sur plusieurs étages 2a, 2b.Figures 1 and 6 schematically represent part of a building 3 comprising several rooms 2 arranged on several floors 2a, 2b.

    Le système d'amenée d'air 1 comporte un conduit principal 4, s'étendant sensiblement verticalement, au travers du bâtiment d'un étage 2a à un autre étage 2b, et entre deux pièces 2 voisines d'un même étage 2a, 2b.The air supply system 1 comprises a main duct 4, extending substantially vertically, across the one-story building 2a to another floor 2b, and between two adjoining rooms 2 on the same floor 2a, 2b.

    Dans la suite du texte, on entendra par :

    • "amont", toute partie extrême d'un élément, située vers la partie inférieure 3a du bâtiment 3, c'est-à-dire du côté des fondations du bâtiment ; et
    • "aval", toute partie extrême d'un élément, située vers la partie supérieure 3b du bâtiment 3, c'est-à-dire du côté opposé à ses fondations.
    In the rest of the text, we will understand by:
    • "upstream" means any end part of an element, situated towards the lower part 3a of the building 3, that is to say on the side of the foundations of the building; and
    • "downstream" means any end part of an element, situated towards the upper part 3b of the building 3, that is to say on the side opposite to its foundations.

    L'extrémité aval 4a du conduit principal 4 est ainsi située proche de la partie supérieure 3b du bâtiment 3, et est obturée.The downstream end 4a of the main duct 4 is thus located close to the upper part 3b of the building 3, and is closed.

    En outre, l'extrémité amont 4b du conduit principal est située vers la partie inférieure 3a du bâtiment 3 et débouche sur une première source d'air 5 telle que par exemple une pièce spécifique. In addition, the upstream end 4b of the main conduit is located towards the lower part 3a of building 3 and leads to a first air source 5 such as by example a specific part.

    Le conduit principal 4 présente une section transversale sensiblement circulaire dans les modes de réalisation représentés, à l'exception de la figure 4, où la section est sensiblement carrée.The main duct 4 has a section substantially circular transverse in the modes of embodiment shown, with the exception of Figure 4, where the section is substantially square.

    Une ou plusieurs bouches d'amenée d'air 6 sont montées en piquage sur le conduit principal 4, sensiblement en regard de chaque pièce 2.One or more air intake vents 6 are mounted on the main duct 4, substantially next to each room 2.

    Plus précisément, dans les modes de réalisation des figures 1 et 6, ces bouches d'amenée d'air 6 correspondent respectivement à l'extrémité libre d'un conduit 6a, de type shunt, coudé, et dont une portion s'étend sensiblement parallèlement au conduit principal 4 suivant sensiblement la hauteur d'une pièce 2.More specifically, in the embodiments of Figures 1 and 6, these air intake vents 6 correspond respectively at the free end of a conduit 6a, of the type shunt, angled, and a portion of which extends substantially parallel to the main conduit 4 substantially following the height of a room 2.

    La portion du conduit 6a, qui est montée en piquage sur le conduit principal 4, est quant à elle sensiblement perpendiculaire au conduit 4.The portion of the conduit 6a, which is mounted in the nozzle on the main duct 4, is in turn substantially perpendicular to the duct 4.

    On peut également prévoir que les bouches d'amenée d'air 6 soient piquées directement sur le conduit principal 4 ou par l'intermédiaire d'un unique conduit s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement au conduit 4.We can also provide that the intake vents of air 6 are stitched directly on the main duct 4 or through a single extending conduit substantially perpendicular to the conduit 4.

    L'air de la première source d'air 5 est introduit naturellement dans le conduit principal 4 depuis son extrémité amont 4b vers son extrémité aval 4a, et est ainsi distribué dans chacune des pièces 2, via les bouches d'amenée 6.The air from the first air source 5 is introduced naturally in main duct 4 from its upstream end 4b toward its downstream end 4a, and is thus distributed in each room 2, via the vents inlet 6.

    Afin d'activer cet entraínement d'air à l'intérieur du conduit principal 4, au moins un premier dispositif d'injection d'air supplémentaire 7 est positionné vers l'extrémité amont 4b du conduit principal 4.In order to activate this indoor air entrainment of the main conduit 4, at least a first device of additional air injection 7 is positioned towards the upstream end 4b of the main duct 4.

    Plus précisément, le premier dispositif d'injection 7 est disposé en aval et proche de la première source d'air 5.More specifically, the first injection device 7 is arranged downstream and close to the first air source 5.

    Le débit d'air introduit dans les pièces 2 sera ainsi activé, sans pour autant augmenter la puissance d'injection à partir de la première source d'air 5.The air flow introduced into rooms 2 will be thus activated, without increasing the power injection from the first air source 5.

    Différents modes de réalisation du premier dispositif d'injection d'air supplémentaire 7 peuvent être envisagés.Different embodiments of the first additional air injection device 7 can be considered.

    On ne décrira dans la suite du texte que deux modes de réalisation, étant entendu que d'autres peuvent être envisagés, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention.We will describe in the following text only two modes of realization, it being understood that others may be envisaged, without departing from the scope of the invention.

    Suivant un premier mode de réalisation, représenté sur la figure 2, le premier dispositif d'injection d'air 7 comprend un tronçon de conduit 8, dont une première extrémité 8a est disposée et débouche vers l'extrémité amont 4b du conduit principal 4, et dont la seconde extrémité 8b débouche sur une deuxième source d'air 9.According to a first embodiment, shown in FIG. 2, the first air injection device 7 comprises a section of conduit 8, a first of which end 8a is arranged and opens towards the end upstream 4b of the main conduit 4, and the second of which end 8b leads to a second air source 9.

    Ce tronçon de conduit 8 est ainsi monté en piquage sur le conduit principal 4 vers son extrémité amont 4b.This section of conduit 8 is thus mounted in connection on the main conduit 4 towards its upstream end 4b.

    Au moins un conduit d'injection 10 débouche d'une part en 10a, dans le tronçon de conduit 8, vers sa première extrémité 8a, et d'autre part, en 10b, à l'intérieur du conduit principal 4. At least one injection pipe 10 opens out from a leaves at 10a, in the section of conduit 8, towards its first end 8a, and on the other hand, at 10b, inside the main duct 4.

    Du côté de l'extrémité libre 10b du conduit d'injection 10, celui-ci est relié à au moins une buse d'injection 11 ou analogue.On the side of the free end 10b of the duct injection 10, this is connected to at least one nozzle injection 11 or the like.

    La ou les buses 11 sont ainsi situées à l'intérieur du conduit principal 4 et peuvent éventuellement être portées par lui.The nozzle (s) 11 are thus located inside from main duct 4 and can optionally be worn by him.

    Le ou les conduits d'injection 10 et la ou les buses 11 forment ensemble des moyens d'injection d'air supplémentaire 12.The injection line (s) 10 and the nozzles 11 together form air injection means additional 12.

    Dans cette réalisation, le ou les conduits d'injection 10 sont situés sensiblement en amont des buses 11 pour ne pas gêner le flux d'air d'entraínement issu de celles-ci.In this embodiment, the duct (s) injection nozzles 10 are located substantially upstream of the nozzles 11 so as not to hinder the flow of drive air from them.

    Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 2, le conduit d'injection 10 s'étend sensiblement horizontalement et ne comporte qu'une buse 11 unique.In the embodiment of Figure 2, the injection pipe 10 extends substantially horizontally and has only a single nozzle 11.

    Cette buse 11 est située sensiblement suivant l'axe D du conduit principal 4. Son extrémité libre, par laquelle l'air supplémentaire est éjecté, est dirigée vers l'extrémité avale 4a du conduit principal 4.This nozzle 11 is located substantially along the axis D of the main duct 4. Its free end, through which additional air is ejected, is directed to the downstream end 4a of the main duct 4.

    Dans le mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 2, la première et la deuxième sources d'air 5, 9 sont distinctes.In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the first and second air sources 5, 9 are distinct.

    On peut néanmoins prévoir qu'elles soient communes.We can nevertheless foresee that they are common.

    L'air en provenance de la deuxième source d'air 9 circule à l'intérieur du tronçon de conduit 8 depuis sa seconde extrémité 8b jusqu'à l'extrémité 10a du conduit d'injection 10, suivant la flèche F2.Air from the second air source 9 flows inside the section of conduit 8 from its second end 8b to end 10a of the conduit injection 10, along arrow F2.

    Il circule ensuite dans le conduit d'injection 10 pour être éjecté par la buse 11.It then flows through the injection pipe 10 to be ejected from the nozzle 11.

    Différents modes de réalisation des moyens d'injection 12 peuvent être envisagés.Different embodiments of the means injection 12 can be considered.

    Ainsi, comme dans les modes de réalisation des figures 2 et 4, on peut ne prévoir qu'une buse d'injection unique 11, centrale, située dans l'axe D, ou sensiblement dans l'axe D, du conduit principal 4.So, as in the embodiments of Figures 2 and 4, it is possible to provide only one injection nozzle single 11, central, located in the axis D, or substantially in the axis D, of the main duct 4.

    En variante, on peut prévoir une pluralité de buses d'injection 11 situées à proximité immédiate de cet axe D.Alternatively, a plurality of nozzles can be provided injection 11 located in the immediate vicinity of this axis D.

    Selon d'autres réalisations telles que celle représentée sur la figure 5, il est prévu plusieurs buses d'injection 11 disposées en différents endroits du conduit 4, dans l'axe D et/ou écartées de lui.According to other achievements such as that represented in FIG. 5, several nozzles are provided injection 11 arranged in different places of the duct 4, in the axis D and / or separated from it.

    Cette pluralité de buses d'injection 11 se trouve sensiblement soit dans un même plan transversal du conduit 4 (non représenté), soit dans plusieurs plans transversaux, ainsi qu'il est représenté sur la figure 5.This plurality of injection nozzles 11 is found substantially either in the same transverse plane of the duct 4 (not shown), or in several transverse planes, as shown in Figure 5.

    Dans ce dernier cas, les plans transversaux de buses comprennent un plan amont P1 et un plan aval P2.In the latter case, the transverse nozzle planes comprise an upstream plane P 1 and a downstream plane P 2 .

    Dans le plan amont P1 se trouve une ou plusieurs buses centrales ou des buses périphériques (figure 5). Dans le plan aval P2, se trouvent des buses périphériques, ou une ou plusieurs buses centrales (figure 5). In the upstream plane P 1 is one or more central nozzles or peripheral nozzles (Figure 5). In the downstream plane P 2 , there are peripheral nozzles, or one or more central nozzles (Figure 5).

    Plus généralement, dans le cas où il est prévu une pluralité de buses d'injection 11, cette pluralité comprend une ou plusieurs buses centrales 11' situées dans ou à proximité de l'axe D et/ou une ou plusieurs buses périphériques 11" situées à proximité de la paroi 4c du conduit 4 et/ou une pluralité de buses médianes (non représentées) situées entre l'axe D et la paroi 4c.More generally, in the case where provision is made for plurality of injection nozzles 11, this plurality comprises one or more central nozzles 11 'located in or at proximity to the D axis and / or one or more nozzles 11 "peripherals located near the wall 4c of the conduit 4 and / or a plurality of median nozzles (not shown) located between the axis D and the wall 4c.

    Les buses périphériques 11" et médianes sont, dans une réalisation, régulièrement réparties autour de l'axe D, soit de façon discrète, soit de façon continue. Par exemple, ces buses peuvent être agencées sous forme de couronne.The peripheral 11 "and median nozzles are, in an achievement, regularly distributed around axis D, either discreetly or continuously. Through example, these nozzles can be arranged in the form of crowned.

    En toute occurrence, les différentes buses 11, 11', 11" sont disposées les unes par rapport aux autres pour ne pas entraver substantiellement le passage d'air qui provient de l'amont du conduit 4. En effet, il est souhaitable que le flux d'air ne soit pas trop perturbé par la présence des buses d'injection.In any case, the different nozzles 11, 11 ', 11 "are arranged in relation to each other so as not to not substantially obstruct the air passage which comes from upstream from conduit 4. Indeed, it is desirable that the air flow is not too disturbed by the presence of the injection nozzles.

    Dans une autre réalisation (non représentée), les buses d'injection 11 sont agencées en lignes et en colonnes et sont portées par une plaque perforée située dans le conduit 4 en étant portée par lui. Cette plaque est soit plane, soit incurvée.In another embodiment (not shown), the injection nozzles 11 are arranged in rows and columns and are carried by a perforated plate located in the conduit 4 while being carried by it. This plate is either flat, or curved.

    Dans le cas où il est prévu une pluralité de buses d'injection 11, le dispositif d'injection 7 comporte généralement des moyens de commande sélectifs (non représentés) du fonctionnement des différentes buses. En effet, il n'est alors pas nécessairement obligatoire que toutes les buses fonctionnent en permanence et de la même manière.If a plurality of nozzles are provided 11, the injection device 7 includes generally selective control means (not shown) of the operation of the different nozzles. In indeed, it is not necessarily mandatory that all nozzles operate continuously and the same way.

    Selon une variante possible de réalisation, les caractéristiques physiques du flux d'air d'entraínement injecté par les différentes buses 11 telles que débit, vitesse ou ouverture du faisceau sont identiques ou voisines.According to a possible alternative embodiment, the physical characteristics of the drive air flow injected by the different nozzles 11 such as flow, beam speed or aperture are the same or neighbors.

    Au contraire, selon une autre variante, elles sont différenciées selon les buses et en fonction des exigences requises. Par exemple, le débit et la vitesse peuvent être plus importants pour une buse centrale 11' que pour une buse périphérique 11".On the contrary, according to another variant, they are differentiated according to the nozzles and according to the requirements required. For example, flow and speed can be more important for an 11 'central nozzle than for a 11 "peripheral nozzle.

    Par ailleurs, ces caractéristiques physiques peuvent être soit constantes dans le temps, soit variables en fonction des exigences requises pour un bon fonctionnement. A cet effet, le dispositif d'injection 7 peut comporter des moyens de réglage de ces caractéristiques physiques.Furthermore, these physical characteristics can either be constant over time or variable according to the requirements for a good operation. To this end, the injection device 7 may include means for adjusting these physical characteristics.

    Ainsi, tout ou partie des buses sera inactif et aucun air ne sera injecté lorsque le tirage sera suffisant. Au contraire, la totalité des buses sera en fonctionnement lorsque le tirage naturel sera insuffisant.Thus, all or part of the nozzles will be inactive and no air will be injected when the draft is sufficient. On the contrary, all the nozzles will be in operation when the natural draft will be insufficient.

    Par ailleurs, l'écartement entre les différentes buses d'injection 11 et l'extrémité aval 4a du conduit 4 est soit identique, soit différencié selon les buses 11 en fonction des exigences requises pour un bon fonctionnement.Furthermore, the spacing between the different injection nozzles 11 and the downstream end 4a of the conduit 4 is either identical or differentiated according to the nozzles 11 in based on the requirements for proper operation.

    Cet écartement est soit constant dans le temps, soit variable. This spacing is either constant over time, be variable.

    Dans ce dernier cas, une ou certaines buses sont montées réglables à coulissement parallèlement à l'axe D ainsi qu'il est décrit plus loin.In the latter case, one or some nozzles are adjustable sliding sliding parallel to the axis D as described below.

    Compte tenu que le ou les conduits d'injection 10 sont situés essentiellement en amont des buses d'injection 11, l'espace situé en aval des buses est libre.Given that the injection line (s) 10 are located mainly upstream of the injection nozzles 11, the space downstream of the nozzles is free.

    Toutefois, selon une autre réalisation représentée plus spécialement par la figure 2, il peut être prévu une ou plusieurs paroi 13 en forme de venturi placées en aval des buses d'injection 11 et associées à elles.However, according to another embodiment shown more particularly by FIG. 2, there may be provided a or several venturi-shaped walls 13 placed downstream injection nozzles 11 and associated with them.

    Par exemple, il peut être prévu une paroi en forme de venturi attenante à la paroi 4c du conduit 4 (non représenté) ou/et une paroi en forme de venturi pour une ou plusieurs buses d'injection notamment de même genre, tel que centrale (figure 2), périphérique ou médiane.For example, a shaped wall may be provided venturi adjoining the wall 4c of the duct 4 (not shown) or / and a venturi-shaped wall for one or several injection nozzles of the same kind, such as than central (Figure 2), peripheral or median.

    Egalement, selon une autre réalisation non représentée, il peut être prévu dans le conduit 4, en aval des buses 11, un diffuseur (non représenté) permettant à l'air d'entraínement d'avoir un flux laminaire approprié.Also, according to another embodiment not shown, it can be provided in the conduit 4, downstream nozzles 11, a diffuser (not shown) allowing training air to have an appropriate laminar flow.

    Les buses d'injection 11 ou équivalent peuvent également faire l'objet de différentes variantes de réalisation.The injection nozzles 11 or equivalent can also be subject to different variations of production.

    Par exemple, une buse d'injection 11 peut être choisie pour procurer un flux d'injection en forme de faisceau étroit ou en forme de faisceau large ou encore en forme de jet en spirale. For example, an injection nozzle 11 can be chosen to provide an injection flow in the form of narrow beam or in the form of a broad beam or in spiral jet shape.

    L'axe du flux de fluide gazeux d'entraínement issu d'une buse 11 peut être soit fixe, soit déplaçable. Dans le premier cas, cet axe est soit parallèle à l'axe D (figures 2, 5 et 6), soit incliné par rapport à lui. Dans le second cas, le dispositif d'injection 7 est pourvu de moyens de déplacement de l'axe des buses déplaçables et des moyens de commande de ces moyens de déplacement (non représenté).The axis of the flow of gaseous drive fluid from a nozzle 11 can be either fixed or movable. In the first case, this axis is either parallel to the axis D (Figures 2, 5 and 6), or inclined relative to it. In the second case, the injection device 7 is provided with means for moving the axis of the movable nozzles and the means of controlling these means of movement (not represented).

    Selon un autre aspect, le dispositif d'injection 7 comporte également des moyens de modulation du débit et/ou de la vitesse du flux de l'air d'entraínement en fonction des exigences requises. De tels moyens de modulation comportent notamment des moyens d'asservissement du déclenchement de l'injection du fluide gazeux d'entraínement tel qu'horloge, sonde de température, pressiostat ou sonde hydrostatique.According to another aspect, the injection device 7 also includes means for modulating the flow rate and / or the speed of the flow of entrained air as a function requirements. Such modulation means include means for controlling the initiation of the injection of the gaseous fluid such as clock, temperature probe, pressure switch or hydrostatic probe.

    Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la ou les buses d'injection 11 ont une position générale fixe dans le conduit 4, au moins en ce qui concerne leur écartement par rapport à l'axe D dudit conduit 4.According to a characteristic of the invention, the one or more injection nozzles 11 have a generally fixed position in the conduit 4, at least as regards their spacing by relative to the axis D of said conduit 4.

    Selon une variante de réalisation non représentée, une ou certaines buses au moins sont montées réglables à coulissement parallèlement à cet axe D entre deux positions extrêmes respectivement distales et proximales.According to a variant embodiment not shown, at least one or some nozzles are mounted adjustable to sliding parallel to this axis D between two positions extremes respectively distal and proximal.

    Dans une telle réalisation, le dispositif d'injection 7 comporte des moyens de guidage à coulissement de la ou des buses d'injection 11, qui sont réglables à coulissement. Le dispositif comporte également des moyens d'entraínement des buses et des moyens de commande desdits moyens d'entraínement. In such an embodiment, the device injection means 7 includes sliding guide means injection nozzle (s) 11, which are adjustable to sliding. The device also includes means drive nozzles and control means of said training means.

    Par exemple, les buses peuvent être montées sur des tronçons de tuyaux montés à coulissement l'un dans l'autre. Ou encore, les buses peuvent être portées par un système tel qu'un parallélogramme déformable tout en étant réunies au conduit d'injection 10 par des tuyaux souples.For example, the nozzles can be mounted on sections of pipes slidably mounted one inside the other. Or, the nozzles can be carried by a system such as a deformable parallelogram while being joined to the injection pipe 10 by flexible pipes.

    Ces formes de réalisation ne sont pas exclusives d'autres.These embodiments are not exclusive others.

    Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 4, le dispositif d'injection 7 comporte une buse 11 unique qui s'étend suivant l'axe D du conduit 4, de section transversale sensiblement carrée.In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the injection device 7 has a single nozzle 11 which extends along the axis D of the duct 4, of section substantially square transverse.

    La buse 11 est maintenue dans une position fixe à l'intérieur du conduit principal 4 au moyen de pièces formant ressorts 14a et 14b, fixées rigidement aux parois 4c du conduit principal 15.The nozzle 11 is held in a fixed position at the interior of the main duct 4 by means of parts forming springs 14a and 14b, rigidly fixed to the walls 4c of the main duct 15.

    Plus précisément, ces pièces formant ressorts 14a, 14b, se présentent respectivement sous la forme d'une tige, par exemple métallique, enroulée partiellement, vers son centre, autour du corps de la buse 11.More specifically, these parts forming springs 14a, 14b, are respectively in the form of a rod, for example metallic, partially wound, towards its center, around the body of the nozzle 11.

    Une fois montée sur la buse 11, chacune des tiges 14a, 14b présente une longueur sensiblement égale à la distance séparant deux parois 4c opposées du conduit principal -ou au diamètre du conduit 4 dans le cas où celui-ci présenterait une section transversale circulaire-.Once mounted on the nozzle 11, each of the rods 14a, 14b has a length substantially equal to the distance between two opposite walls 4c of the duct main -or to the diameter of the duct 4 in the case where this would have a circular cross-section.

    Les tiges 14a et 14b sont destinées à être dans deux positions extrêmes :

    • une première position extrême, dans laquelle leurs extrémités 15 ne sont pas en contact avec les parois 4c, la buse 11 pouvant ainsi être déplaçée librement ; et
    • une deuxième position extrême, dans laquelle les extrémités 15 sont en contact serré, contre une paroi 4c du conduit principal 4.
    Rods 14a and 14b are intended to be in two extreme positions:
    • a first extreme position, in which their ends 15 are not in contact with the walls 4c, the nozzle 11 can thus be moved freely; and
    • a second extreme position, in which the ends 15 are in close contact, against a wall 4c of the main duct 4.

    Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 4, une partie 10a du conduit d'injection 10 s'étend sensiblement perpendiculairement à la direction générale de la buse 11, et donc de l'axe D, suivant une diagonale D' de la section transversale carrée du conduit 4.In the embodiment of Figure 4, a part 10a of the injection pipe 10 extends substantially perpendicular to the general direction of the nozzle 11, and therefore from the axis D, along a diagonal D 'of the section square cross section of the duct 4.

    Cette partie de conduit d'injection 10a est reliée, du côté opposé à la buse 11, d'une part à une seconde partie 10b, débouchant dans le tronçon de conduit 8, comme cela a été indiqué précédemment ; et d'autre part à un tube 16 s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe D.This part of the injection pipe 10a is connected, on the side opposite nozzle 11, on the one hand to a second part 10b, opening into the section of conduit 8, as this has been indicated previously; and on the other hand to a tube 16 extending substantially parallel to the axis D.

    Le tube 16 est creux et relié à une manette 17, extérieure au conduit principal 4.The tube 16 is hollow and connected to a lever 17, outside the main duct 4.

    A l'intérieur du tube 16, et le long de ses parois, est disposé un câble, relié d'une part à la manette 17, et d'autre part à une extrémité 15 respective de chaque tige 14a, 14b.Inside the tube 16, and along its walls, a cable is arranged, connected on the one hand to the lever 17, and on the other hand at a respective end 15 of each rod 14a, 14b.

    La manoeuvre de la manette 17 permet de tendre ou de détendre le câble 18.The operation of the lever 17 makes it possible to tension or loosen the cable 18.

    La tension du câble 18 va ramener les deux tiges 14a et 14b l'une vers l'autre, dans leur première position extrême, c'est-à-dire sensiblement parallèlement à la première partie du conduit d'injection 10a. The tension of cable 18 will bring back the two rods 14a and 14b towards each other, in their first position extreme, i.e. substantially parallel to the first part of the injection pipe 10a.

    Dans cette position, la buse 11 sera alors libre de tout déplacement axial, radial ou autre.In this position, the nozzle 11 will then be free to any axial, radial or other displacement.

    En outre, dans une position opposée et bloquée de la manette 17, le câble 18 sera détendu et permettra l'écartement des tiges 14a et 14b l'une par rapport à l'autre jusqu'à leur deuxième position extrême. La buse sera alors bloquée dans sa position.Furthermore, in an opposite and locked position of the lever 17, the cable 18 will be relaxed and will allow the spacing of the rods 14a and 14b, one with respect to the other to their second extreme position. The nozzle will then be locked in its position.

    Ainsi, pour passer de la première à la deuxième position extrême, les tiges 14a et 14b exercent l'une par rapport à l'autre des mouvements similaires aux deux branches d'une paire de ciseaux.So to go from the first to the second extreme position, the rods 14a and 14b exert one by compared to each other movements similar to the two branches of a pair of scissors.

    Des moyens de blocage permettent le blocage de la manette 17 dans chacune des positions extrêmes.Locking means allow the blocking of the lever 17 in each of the extreme positions.

    Il est entendu que le dispositif de fixation rigide d'une buse qui vient d'être décrit, peut tout à fait être adapté à d'autres types de buses que celles représentées à la figure 4, et à d'autres conduits principaux 4 de section transversale différente, telle que circulaire comme indiqué précédemment.It is understood that the rigid fixing device of a nozzle which has just been described, may well be suitable for other types of nozzles than those shown in Figure 4, and to other main conduits 4 of section different cross, as circular as shown previously.

    On peut également envisager d'autres formes ou dispositions du conduit d'injection 10 et du tube 16.We can also consider other forms or provisions of the injection pipe 10 and the tube 16.

    On pourrait par exemple prévoir que le tube 16 comporte plusieurs tuyaux montés à coulissement l'un dans l'autre, ce qui permettrait de régler la ou les buses 11 à coulissement parallèlement à l'axe D, comme indiqué précédemment. One could for example provide that the tube 16 has several sliding pipes, one in the other, which would make it possible to adjust the nozzle (s) 11 to sliding parallel to the D axis, as shown previously.

    En outre, dans le cas d'une pluralité de buses 11, on peut prévoir autant de dispositifs de fixation rigide qu'il y a de buses 11.Furthermore, in the case of a plurality of nozzles 11, as many rigid fixing devices can be provided that there are nozzles 11.

    Comme représenté sur la figure 2, on peut prévoir que le premier dispositif d'injection 7 comprend, vers la seconde extrémité 8b du tronçon de conduit 8 et en aval de la deuxième source d'air 9, successivement des moyens de production d'entraínement de l'air supplémentaire 19, tels que par exemple des moyens moteurs (ventilateurs ou analogues), et/ou des moyens 20 pour filtrer et/ou traiter l'air supplémentaire, et/ou des moyens 21 permettant le chauffage ou le refroidissement de l'air supplémentaire.As shown in Figure 2, we can provide that the first injection device 7 comprises, towards the second end 8b of the duct section 8 and downstream of the second air source 9, successively means for additional air drive production 19, such that for example motor means (fans or analogs), and / or means 20 for filtering and / or treating additional air, and / or means 21 allowing the heating or cooling the additional air.

    Les moyens 19, 20 et 21 sont du type utilisé classiquement dans les dispositifs d'évacuation d'air de l'art antérieur.The means 19, 20 and 21 are of the type used conventionally in the air exhaust devices of prior art.

    Enfin, dans ce premier mode de réalisation du premier dispositif d'injection d'air 7, on peut prévoir également des moyens 22 pour filtrer et/ou traiter l'air provenant de la première source 5, du même type que les moyens 20.Finally, in this first embodiment of the first air injection device 7, provision may be made also means 22 for filtering and / or treating the air from the first source 5, of the same type as the means 20.

    Ces moyens 22 peuvent par exemple être disposés à l'intérieur du conduit principal 4, en amont de la première extrémité 8a du tronçon de conduit 8 et donc des moyens d'injection 12.These means 22 can for example be arranged at inside the main duct 4, upstream of the first end 8a of the duct section 8 and therefore means injection 12.

    On pourrait néanmoins prévoir que les moyens de filtrage et/ou traitement 22 soient disposés en aval des moyens d'injection 12. One could nevertheless foresee that the means of filtering and / or treatment 22 are arranged downstream of the injection means 12.

    Ils auraient dans ce cas pour fonction de filtrer l'air initial combiné à l'air supplémentaire provenant de la deuxième source.In this case they would have the function of filtering initial air combined with additional air from the second source.

    Nous décrivons maintenant un deuxième mode de réalisation du premier dispositif d'injection d'air 7, tel que celui représenté sur la figure 3.We now describe a second mode of realization of the first air injection device 7, such than that shown in Figure 3.

    Le dispositif d'injection 7 comprend un tronçon de conduit 23 faisant partie du conduit principal 4 et une pièce 24 entourée par le conduit principal 4, et positionnée, de manière coaxiale, en amont d'une partie extrême 23a du tronçon de conduit 23.The injection device 7 comprises a section of conduit 23 forming part of the main conduit 4 and a room 24 surrounded by the main duct 4, and positioned, coaxially, upstream of a part end 23a of the section of conduit 23.

    Ladite pièce 24 se présente sous la forme d'un manchon creux, d'axe longitudinal L, et formant un passage intérieur 24' pour l'air en provenance de la première source d'air 5.Said part 24 is in the form of a hollow sleeve, of longitudinal axis L, and forming a passage interior 24 'for air from the first air source 5.

    Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le manchon 24 est formé de deux parties creuses 24a et 24b attenantes et coaxiales.In the embodiment shown, the sleeve 24 is formed by two adjoining hollow parts 24a and 24b and coaxial.

    La première partie 24a est formée par une surface intérieure 25 et une surface extérieure 27 s'étendant suivant l'axe L.The first part 24a is formed by a surface inner 25 and an outer surface 27 extending along the axis L.

    La surface intérieure 25 présente une section transversale constante, sensiblement circulaire. Elle présente ainsi une forme sensiblement cylindrique.The inner surface 25 has a section constant transverse, substantially circular. She thus has a substantially cylindrical shape.

    La paroi périphérique 26 du manchon présente une certaine épaisseur, non constante, suivant l'axe L. The peripheral wall 26 of the sleeve has a certain thickness, not constant, along the axis L.

    Plus précisément, la surface extérieure 27 présente une forme sensiblement tronconique.More specifically, the outer surface 27 has a substantially frustoconical shape.

    Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la surface extérieure 27 est inclinée par rapport à la surface intérieure 25, ou par rapport à l'axe longitudinal L, suivant un angle compris entre environ 5° et 30°, et de préférence de l'ordre de 10°.In the embodiment shown, the surface outer 27 is inclined relative to the surface inner 25, or relative to the longitudinal axis L, at an angle between about 5 ° and 30 °, and preferably around 10 °.

    Cette surface extérieure 27 est ainsi délimitée d'une part par un bord extrême libre de petite section, référencé en 27a, et d'autre part, par un bord de grande section, référencé en 27b.This outer surface 27 is thus delimited on the one hand by an extreme free edge of small section, referenced in 27a, and on the other hand, by a large edge section, referenced in 27b.

    La surface extérieure 27 comporte suivant la direction L des cannelures 28, s'étendant à partir du bord de petite section 27a jusqu'à une zone périphérique 27c, exclue, elle-même délimitée par le bord de grande section 27b.The outer surface 27 comprises, according to the direction L of the grooves 28, extending from the edge from small section 27a to a peripheral zone 27c, excluded, itself delimited by the edge of large section 27b.

    Les cannelures 28 sont sensiblement axiales dans le cas présent. Elles peuvent en outre être hélicoïdales, ou de toute autre forme.The grooves 28 are substantially axial in the present case. They can also be helical, or of any other form.

    On pourrait également prévoir qu'elles soient inclinées par rapport à l'axe L d'un angle inférieur à 40°.We could also foresee that they be inclined with respect to the axis L by an angle less than 40 °.

    La zone périphérique 27c est sensiblement lisse. On pourrait en outre prévoir qu'elle comporte également des cannelures 28.The peripheral zone 27c is substantially smooth. We could also provide that it also includes splines 28.

    Cette zone périphérique 27c s'étend sur environ un quart à un huitième, de préférence 1/6ème, de la hauteur - comptée suivant l'axe L- de la première partie 24a, à partir du bord de grande section 27b.This peripheral zone 27c extends over approximately one quarter to an eighth, preferably 1 / 6th of the height - counted along the axis L- of the first part 24a, at from the edge of large section 27b.

    Les cannelures 28 sont régulièrement disposées sur la surface extérieure du manchon 24 autour de son axe L et sont en nombre suffisamment important pour être sensiblement voisines.The grooves 28 are regularly arranged on the outer surface of the sleeve 24 around its axis L and are large enough to be substantially neighboring.

    La deuxième partie 24b de la pièce 24 est attenante et coaxiale à la première, du côté opposé au bord de petite section 27a.The second part 24b of room 24 is adjacent and coaxial with the first, on the side opposite the edge of small section 27a.

    Plus précisément, la deuxième partie 24b est attenante à la zone périphérique 27c par le bord 27b.More specifically, the second part 24b is adjoining the peripheral zone 27c by the edge 27b.

    Dans le cas présent, le manchon 24 est monobloc.In the present case, the sleeve 24 is in one piece.

    On pourrait néanmoins prévoir que la première et la deuxième parties 24a, 24b soient distinctes et assemblées rigidement l'une à l'autre.One could nevertheless foresee that the first and the second parts 24a, 24b are separate and assembled rigidly to each other.

    La deuxième partie 24b présente, dans le prolongement de la surface intérieure cylindrique 25, une surface intérieure 30 de même forme sur environ un quart à un huitième, et plus spécialement 1/6ème, de sa hauteur - comptée suivant l'axe L- à partir du bord 27b, puis de forme sensiblement tronconique.The second part 24b presents, in the extension of the cylindrical inner surface 25, a interior surface 30 of the same shape over about a quarter to an eighth, and more specifically 1 / 6th, of its height - counted along the axis L- from edge 27b, then from substantially frustoconical shape.

    La grande base 30b de cette surface intérieure tronconique 30 est la plus éloignée de la surface cylindrique 25 suivant l'axe L.The large base 30b of this interior surface frusto-conical 30 is farthest from the surface cylindrical 25 along the axis L.

    On pourrait en outre prévoir que la surface intérieure 30 de la deuxième partie 24b soit de forme tronconique à partir du bord 27b. La petite base 30a de cette surface intérieure tronconique 30 correspondrait ainsi au bord de la surface intérieure cylindrique 25.We could also foresee that the surface interior 30 of the second part 24b either of form frustoconical from edge 27b. The small base 30a of this frustoconical interior surface 30 would correspond thus at the edge of the cylindrical inner surface 25.

    Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la surface intérieure tronconique 30 de la deuxième partie 24b présente une inclinaison par rapport à la surface intérieure cylindrique 25, et donc à l'axe L, comprise entre environ 10° et 40°, notamment de l'ordre de 25°.In the embodiment shown, the surface frustoconical interior 30 of the second part 24b has an inclination to the surface inner cylindrical 25, and therefore to the axis L, included between approximately 10 ° and 40 °, in particular of the order of 25 °.

    La surface extérieure 31 de la deuxième partie 24b, présente une section sensiblement circulaire, de diamètre supérieur à celui de la surface extérieure 27 de la première partie 24a. Plus précisément, la surface extérieure 31 a une forme sensiblement cylindrique.The outer surface 31 of the second part 24b, has a substantially circular section, of diameter greater than that of the outer surface 27 of the first part 24a. More specifically, the surface outer 31 has a substantially cylindrical shape.

    Comme représenté, la surface extérieure 31 présente un décrochement radial 32 vers l'extérieur, par rapport à la surface extérieure 27.As shown, the outer surface 31 has a radial offset 32 towards the outside, with respect to the outer surface 27.

    Ce décrochement radial 32 forme ainsi sensiblement la limite entre la première et la deuxième parties 24a, 24b.This radial offset 32 thus substantially forms the boundary between the first and second parts 24a, 24b.

    Ce décrochement radial 32 comporte des moyens 32a permettant la fixation d'un élément tel qu'un tronçon de conduit par exemple.This radial recess 32 includes means 32a allowing the attachment of an element such as a section of leads for example.

    Ces moyens de fixation 32a sont matérialisés par au moins un orifice, par exemple taraudé, ménagé dans l'épaisseur de la deuxième partie 24b et s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe L, à partir du décrochement radial 32. Cet orifice est adapté à recevoir un élément de forme sensiblement complémentaire, tel qu'une vis.These fixing means 32a are materialized by at minus one orifice, for example tapped, formed in the thickness of the second part 24b and extending substantially parallel to the L axis, from radial offset 32. This orifice is adapted to receive an element of substantially complementary shape, such as a screw.

    Des orifices 32b du même type, s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe L et adaptés à recevoir par exemple une vis pour la fixation d'une pièce complémentaire sur la partie extrême inférieure de la deuxième partie 24b.Ports 32b of the same type, extending substantially perpendicular to the L axis and adapted to receive for example a screw for fixing a part complementary on the lower extreme part of the second part 24b.

    La pièce 24 est par exemple réalisée en métal.The part 24 is for example made of metal.

    Au moins la première partie 24a de la pièce 24 comportant les cannelures 28 est encastrée à l'intérieur de la partie extrême 23a du tronçon de conduit.At least the first part 24a of room 24 comprising the grooves 28 is embedded inside the end portion 23a of the duct section.

    Cet assemblage est réalisé de manière rigide mais amovible par exemple à l'aide de boulons ou d'un cerclage, ou analogue.This assembly is carried out rigidly but removable, for example using bolts or strapping, or the like.

    Par ailleurs, l'assemblage est réalisé de sorte que la pièce 24 s'étende coaxialement avec le tronçon de conduit 23.Furthermore, the assembly is carried out so that the part 24 extends coaxially with the section of conduit 23.

    Le tronçon de conduit 23 comporte au moins deux portions 33, 35 dont les parois, tant internes qu'externes, sont sensiblement lisses et rectilignes.The duct section 23 comprises at least two portions 33, 35 whose walls, both internal and external, are substantially smooth and straight.

    La première portion 33 est en regard et proche de la surface extérieure 27 de la pièce 24, comportant les cannelures 6, de manière à former des canaux pour l'introduction de l'air supplémentaire, entre deux cannelures adjacentes. The first portion 33 is opposite and close to the outer surface 27 of the part 24, comprising the grooves 6, so as to form channels for the introduction of additional air, between two adjacent flutes.

    La deuxième portion 35, attenante à la première 33, est en regard, et écartée, de la zone périphérique 27c, de manière à former entre elles un espace annulaire formant une chambre de collecte d'air supplémentaire 36, périphérique.The second portion 35, adjoining the first 33, is opposite and removed from the peripheral zone 27c, so as to form between them an annular space forming an additional air collection chamber 36, peripheral.

    Dans le cas présent, la deuxième portion 35 forme une partie extrême du tronçon de conduit 23a.In this case, the second portion 35 forms an extreme part of the section of conduit 23a.

    Le tronçon de conduit 23 présente une section sensiblement circulaire.The duct section 23 has a section substantially circular.

    La première portion 33 du tronçon de conduit 23a présente une forme sensiblement tronconique, dont la petite base est située sensiblement en regard du bord libre 27a de la pièce 24, et dont la grande base est située sensiblement en regard de la limite entre les cannelures 28 et la zone périphérique 27c.The first portion 33 of the section of conduit 23a has a substantially frustoconical shape, the small base is located substantially opposite the free edge 27a of the part 24, and whose large base is located substantially opposite the limit between the grooves 28 and the zone device 27c.

    En outre, la deuxième portion 35 du tronçon de conduit 23 présente une forme sensiblement cylindrique, un épaulement radial 33a vers l'extérieur formant la jonction entre la première 33 et la deuxième 35 portions.In addition, the second portion 35 of the section of conduit 23 has a substantially cylindrical shape, a outward radial shoulder 33a forming the junction between the first 33 and the second 35 portions.

    La section de la deuxième portion 35 est par conséquent de dimension supérieure à celle de la première portion 33.The section of the second portion 35 is by therefore larger than that of the first portion 33.

    En outre, l'espace séparant la deuxième portion 35 de la première partie 24a est plus grand que celui séparant la première portion 33 de la première partie 24a.In addition, the space separating the second portion 35 of the first part 24a is larger than that separating the first portion 33 of the first portion 24a.

    L'espace ménagé entre la première portion 33, respectivement la deuxième portion 35, et la pièce 24, peut être réglé grâce à l'interposition de cales (non représentées) entre le décrochement radial 32 et l'extrémité libre 35a du tronçon de conduit 23.The space provided between the first portion 33, respectively the second portion 35, and the part 24, can be adjusted by interposing shims (not shown) between the radial offset 32 and the free end 35a of the duct section 23.

    La chambre de collecte 36 est en communication avec des moyens d'amenée d'air 37, tels qu'au moins un tuyau, connectés à la deuxième portion 35, via au moins un orifice, débouchant dans ladite chambre 36.The collection chamber 36 is in communication with air supply means 37, such as at least one pipe, connected to the second portion 35, via at least one orifice, opening into said chamber 36.

    Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les moyens d'amenée d'air 37 se situent sensiblement au niveau du décrochement radial 32.In the embodiment shown, the means air intake 37 are located substantially at the level of the radial offset 32.

    Les moyens d'amenée d'air 37 sont reliés à une deuxième source d'air 9, distincte, dans le cas présent, de la première source d'air 5.The air supply means 37 are connected to a second air source 9, separate, in this case, from the first air source 5.

    De même que dans le mode de réalisation du dispositif d'injection 7 de la figure 2, on peut prévoir, entre la deuxième source 9 et l'orifice d'amenée d'air, des moyens de production d'entraínement de l'air supplémentaire 19, et/ou des moyens 20 pour filtrer et/ou traiter cet air, et/ou des moyens 21 pour le chauffage ou le refroidissement de celui-ci.As in the embodiment of the injection device 7 of FIG. 2, provision can be made, between the second source 9 and the air intake orifice, means of producing additional air 19, and / or means 20 for filtering and / or treating this air, and / or means 21 for heating or cooling of it.

    Le tronçon de conduit 23 est prolongé à partir de la première portion 33, du côté opposé à la deuxième portion 35, par une portion de tronçon libre 34.The duct section 23 is extended from the first portion 33, on the side opposite the second portion 35, by a portion of free section 34.

    Cette portion de tronçon libre 34 présente une forme sensiblement tronconique, dont la petite section 34a est attenante à la première portion 33 et la grande section 34b est située du côté opposé à la pièce 24. This free section portion 34 has a substantially frustoconical shape, of which the small section 34a adjoins the first portion 33 and the large section 34b is located on the opposite side from the part 24.

    La petite section 34a est ainsi identique et confondue à la petite section de la première portion 33.The small section 34a is thus identical and combined with the small section of the first portion 33.

    Cette forme de "sablier" permet de donner au système un effet venturi.This form of "hourglass" gives the system a venturi effect.

    Dans le cas présent, la portion de tronçon libre 34 est formée d'un seul tenant avec le tronçon de conduit 23.In this case, the portion of free section 34 is formed in one piece with the pipe section 23.

    Une partie au moins de la deuxième partie 24b de la pièce 24 est encastrée dans un deuxième tronçon de conduit 38 connecté et coaxial au conduit principal 4.At least part of the second part 24b of the part 24 is embedded in a second section of conduit 38 connected and coaxial to the main duct 4.

    Le cas échéant, des moyens 22 pour filtrer et/ou traiter l'air provenant de la première source 5, sont interposés entre le deuxième tronçon 38 et le conduit principal 4.Where appropriate, means 22 for filtering and / or process the air from the first source 5, are interposed between the second section 38 and the conduit main 4.

    De manière à assurer l'étanchéité du dispositif d'injection 1, on prévoit de disposer une pièce intermédiaire 39.So as to seal the device injection 1, we plan to have a part intermediate 39.

    Cette pièce intermédiaire 39 entoure la première partie 24a de la pièce 24, comportant les cannelures 28, et au moins la première portion 33 du tronçon de conduit 23.This intermediate piece 39 surrounds the first part 24a of the part 24, comprising the grooves 28, and at least the first portion 33 of the duct section 23.

    Plus précisément, dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 3, la pièce intermédiaire 39 entoure, suivant l'axe L, une partie au moins de la portion de tronçon libre 34, la première portion 33, la deuxième portion 35, au moins une partie de la deuxième partie 24b de la pièce 24, jusqu'à venir sensiblement en butée contre le deuxième tronçon 38. More specifically, in the embodiment of the Figure 3, the intermediate piece 39 surrounds, along the axis L, at least part of the portion of free section 34, the first portion 33, the second portion 35, at least part of the second part 24b of the part 24, until it comes into substantial abutment against the second section 38.

    Elle s'étend en outre coaxialement avec le tronçon de conduit 23 et la pièce 24 et est fixée rigidement coaxialement au conduit principal 4.It also extends coaxially with the section 23 and part 24 and is rigidly fixed coaxially with the main duct 4.

    Ainsi, dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la pièce intermédiaire 39 comporte deux tronçons attenants, de forme sensiblement cylindrique. L'un des tronçons 39a, de section plus petite, entoure le tronçon de conduit 23, tandis que l'autre tronçon 39b, entoure la deuxième partie 24b de la pièce 24.Thus, in the embodiment shown, the intermediate piece 39 has two adjoining sections, of substantially cylindrical shape. One of the sections 39a, of smaller section, surrounds the section of conduit 23, while the other section 39b, surrounds the second part 24b of room 24.

    La jonction des deux tronçons 39a et 39b est réalisée au niveau du décrochement radial 32.The junction of the two sections 39a and 39b is performed at the radial offset 32.

    Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'air supplémentaire, en provenance de la deuxième source 9, est introduit via le conduit d'amenée 37, à l'intérieur de la chambre de collecte 36.In this embodiment, the additional air, coming from the second source 9, is introduced via the supply duct 37, inside the collection 36.

    Cet air supplémentaire est ensuite acheminé dans le conduit principal 4 via les canaux formés au moyen des cannelures 28 et ménagés entre la première portion de tronçon 33 et la première partie 24a de la pièce 24.This additional air is then routed into the main duct 4 via the channels formed by means of grooves 28 and formed between the first portion of section 33 and the first part 24a of the part 24.

    Cet air supplémentaire est ainsi introduit à l'intérieur du conduit principal 4, le long des parois de la portion de tronçon libre 34, suivant les flèches F'.This additional air is thus introduced to inside the main duct 4, along the walls of the portion of free section 34, according to the arrows F '.

    L'air supplémentaire est donc introduit périphériquement, et non de manière centrale, et va entraíner le fluide gazeux évacué naturellement.Additional air is therefore introduced peripherally, not centrally, and will entrain the naturally evacuated gaseous fluid.

    Il est à noter que le fluide gazeux supplémentaire peut être injecté au travers des cannelures à une vitesse comprise entre 20 et 160 mètres par seconde environ, ce qui augmente considérablement la vitesse d'entraínement de l'air initial.It should be noted that the additional gaseous fluid can be injected through the grooves at a speed between about 20 and 160 meters per second, which considerably increases the speed of training the initial look.

    Dans un second temps, l'invention concerne une installation pour la ventilation naturelle d'au moins une pièce 2 d'un bâtiment 3.In a second step, the invention relates to a installation for natural ventilation of at least one room 2 of a building 3.

    Cette installation, représentée suivant deux variantes sur les figures 1 et 6, comprend un système d'amenée d'air 1, du type défini précédemment, permettant l'introduction de l'air à l'intérieur d'une pièce 2 au moins, comme il a été indiqué précédemment ; et un système d'extraction d'air 40 de ladite pièce 2.This installation, represented according to two variants in Figures 1 and 6, includes a system air supply 1, of the type defined above, allowing introducing air inside a room 2 at less, as noted above; and a system extracting air 40 from said part 2.

    Ainsi, comme cela est clairement représenté sur les figures 1 et 6, dans chaque pièce 2, de l'air est introduit, au moyen du sytème d'amenée d'air 1, et de l'air est évacué au moyen du système d'extraction d'air 40.So, as clearly shown on the Figures 1 and 6, in each room 2, air is introduced, by means of the air supply system 1, and air is evacuated by means of the air extraction system 40.

    Dans les modes de réalisation des figures 1 et 6, le système d'extraction d'air 40 comprend une colonne principale 41 s'étendant sensiblement verticalement, et de manière distincte du conduit principal 4 du système d'amenée d'air 1.In the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 6, the air extraction system 40 comprises a column main 41 extending substantially vertically, and separate from main system duct 4 air supply 1.

    Plus précisément, de part et d'autre de chaque pièce 2 sont situés, d'une part le conduit principal 4, et d'autre part, la colonne principale 41.More precisely, on either side of each part 2 are located, on the one hand the main conduit 4, and on the other hand, the main column 41.

    Dans les présents modes de réalisation, la colonne principale 41 présente une section transversale sensiblement circulaire. In the present embodiments, the column main 41 has a cross section substantially circular.

    D'autres formes, telles que carrée, sont bien entendu envisageables.Other shapes, such as square, are fine heard possible.

    L'extrémité aval 41a de la colonne principale débouche sur une zone d'évacuation 42.The downstream end 41a of the main column leads to an evacuation zone 42.

    Cette zone d'évacuation 42 est située à l'extérieur du bâtiment 3.This evacuation zone 42 is located outside of building 3.

    En outre, l'extrémité amont 41b de la colonne principale, qui est située vers l'extrémité inférieure 3b du bâtiment 3, est obturée.In addition, the upstream end 41b of the column main, which is located towards the lower end 3b of building 3, is closed.

    Au moins une bouche d'extraction 43 est montée en piquage sur la colonne principale 41, entre l'extrémité amont 41b et l'extrémité aval 41a.At least one extraction mouth 43 is mounted in tapping on the main column 41, between the end upstream 41b and the downstream end 41a.

    Chaque bouche d'extraction 43 débouche sur une pièce respective 2.Each extraction mouth 43 opens onto a respective room 2.

    Les bouches d'extraction 43 sont du même type que les bouches d'amenée d'air 6 qui ont été décrites précédemment relativement au système d'amenée d'air 1.The extraction vents 43 are of the same type as the air intake vents 6 which have been described previously with respect to the air supply system 1.

    L'air provenant des pièces 2 est ainsi entraíné vers la zone d'évacuation 42 suivant le sens indiqué par les flèches F2.The air from rooms 2 is thus entrained towards the evacuation zone 42 in the direction indicated by the arrows F2.

    Un deuxième dispositif d'injection d'air supplémentaire 44 est monté vers l'extrémité aval 41a de la colonne principale 41.A second air injection device additional 44 is mounted towards the downstream end 41a of the main column 41.

    De préférence, ce deuxième dispositif d'injection d'air est disposé à l'extérieur du bâtiment 3. Preferably, this second injection device air is placed outside the building 3.

    Il va permettre ainsi d'activer l'entraínement de l'air vers la zone d'évacuation 42.It will thus enable the training of air to exhaust area 42.

    Ce deuxième dispositif d'injection d'air 44 est sensiblement identique au premier dispositif d'injection 7, dont deux variantes ont été décrites précédemment, en référence aux figures 2 et 3.This second air injection device 44 is substantially identical to the first injection device 7, two variants of which have been described previously, in reference to Figures 2 and 3.

    En aval de ce deuxième dispositif d'injection d'air 44, le système d'extraction d'air 40 comporte en outre, écarté à une certaine distance de l'extrémité aval 41a de la colonne principale 41, un aspirateur statique ou statomécanique 45.Downstream of this second air injection device 44, the air extraction system 40 further comprises, spaced at a certain distance from the downstream end 41a of the main column 41, a static vacuum cleaner or statomechanics 45.

    Il est entendu que le système d'extraction d'air 40 peut ne pas comporter le deuxième dispositif d'injection 44 et/ou l'aspirateur 45.It is understood that the air extraction system 40 may not have the second injection device 44 and / or the vacuum cleaner 45.

    Un aspirateur statique, tel que 45, ou un aspirateur statomécanique ou dynamique, peut faire l'objet de nombreuses variantes de réalisation.A static vacuum cleaner, such as 45, or a statomechanical or dynamic vacuum cleaner, can be many variants.

    On peut en particulier, s'agissant des aspirateurs statiques, se référer aux descriptions figurant dans les documents suivants : FR-A-2 658 271, FR-A-2 709 533, FR-A-2 709 534, FR-A-2 374 591, FR-A-2 438 795, FR-A-2 518 710.In particular, with regard to vacuum cleaners static, refer to the descriptions in the following documents: FR-A-2 658 271, FR-A-2 709 533, FR-A-2 709 534, FR-A-2 374 591, FR-A-2 438 795, FR-A-2 518 710.

    On décrira donc maintenant l'aspirateur statique 19, plus spécialement en référence aux figures 1 et 6, étant entendu qu'un aspirateur stato-mécanique ou dynamique peut présenter une forme similaire. We will now describe the static vacuum cleaner 19, more particularly with reference to FIGS. 1 and 6, it being understood that a static mechanical or dynamic vacuum cleaner may have a similar shape.

    L'aspirateur statique 45 est du type comprenant une partie inférieure 46, une partie supérieure 47 coaxiales d'axe 48. Ces parties inférieure 46 et supérieure 47 sont de révolution autour de cet axe, et présentent un diamètre extérieur identique ou sensiblement le même.The static vacuum cleaner 45 is of the type comprising a lower part 46, upper part 47 coaxial of axis 48. These lower parts 46 and upper 47 are of revolution around this axis, and have a diameter identical or substantially the same exterior.

    Les deux parties inférieure 46 et supérieure 47 sont écartées l'une de l'autre pour ménager entre elles un espace libre 49 ayant en section axiale une forme générale de venturi.The two lower parts 46 and upper 47 are separated from each other to provide a free space 49 having in axial section a general shape of venturi.

    A cet effet, les parties inférieure 46 et 47 sont associées rigidement l'une à l'autre, le long de l'axe 48, au moyen d'entretoises de solidarisation réciproque 50.For this purpose, the lower parts 46 and 47 are rigidly associated with each other, along the axis 48, by means of reciprocal securing spacers 50.

    Dans la mesure où ces entretoises 50 sont sous la forme de profilés plats, ceux-ci sont de plans radiaux pour éviter une prise au vent excessive.Insofar as these spacers 50 are under the form of flat profiles, these are of radial planes for avoid excessive wind catch.

    Les parois consécutives des parties inférieure 46 et supérieure 47 sont pleines, c'est-à-dire dépourvues d'ouverture à l'exception d'un trou 51 de passage prévu dans la partie inférieure 46. Ce trou de passage 51 de l'air à rejeter et de l'air d'entraínement, le cas échéant, est en communication, vers le bas, avec la colonne principale 41 et il débouche vers le haut dans l'espace 49.The consecutive walls of the lower parts 46 and higher 47 are full, that is to say devoid with the exception of a hole 51 provided for passage in the lower part 46. This passage hole 51 of the air to be rejected and the air for entrainment, if necessary, is in communication, down, with the column main 41 and it opens up into space 49.

    Le cas échéant, la colonne principale 41 peut former diffuseur dans la partie inférieure 46. De plus, à l'orifice aval du trou 51, il peut y avoir un croisillon.If necessary, the main column 41 can form a diffuser in the lower part 46. In addition, at the downstream hole of hole 51, there may be a cross.

    Dans la réalisation représentée, l'axe 48 est coaxial avec l'axe L de la colonne principale 41. Dans d'autres réalisations non représentées, l'axe 48 peut être légèrement incliné par rapport à l'axe L et par rapport à la verticale.In the embodiment shown, the axis 48 is coaxial with the axis L of the main column 41. In other embodiments not shown, axis 48 can be slightly inclined with respect to the L axis and with respect to the vertical.

    La partie inférieure 46 comprend, dans la réalisation représentée, une paroi supérieure 52 et une paroi inférieure 53.The lower part 46 comprises, in the illustrated embodiment, an upper wall 52 and a bottom wall 53.

    Tant la paroi supérieure 52 que la paroi inférieure 53 ont une forme générale tronconique. La petite base 54 de la paroi supérieure 52 est tournée vers la partie supérieure 47 et l'espace 49. La grande base 55 de la paroi supérieure 52 est tournée vers la colonne principale 41 et elle est commune avec la grande base de la paroi inférieure 53 dont la petite base est tournée vers la colonne principale 41.Both the upper wall 52 and the lower wall 53 have a general frustoconical shape. The small base 54 of the upper wall 52 is turned towards the part upper 47 and space 49. The large base 55 of the wall upper 52 faces the main column 41 and it is common with the large base of the lower wall 53 whose small base faces the column main 41.

    De la même manière, la partie supérieure 47 comporte une paroi inférieure 56 et une paroi supérieure 57.Similarly, the upper 47 has a lower wall 56 and an upper wall 57.

    La paroi inférieure 56 a, dans la réalisation représentée, une forme générale conique. Dans une autre forme de réalisation possible, la paroi inférieure 56 a une forme générale tronconique.The bottom wall 56 a, in the embodiment shown, a general conical shape. In an other possible embodiment, the bottom wall 56 has a general frustoconical shape.

    Dans l'une comme dans l'autre des réalisations possibles, la pointe 58 ou la petite base de la paroi inférieure 56 est tournée vers la partie inférieure 46, c'est-à-dire vers l'espace 49. La grande base 59 est quant à elle opposée à la colonne principale 41.In one as in the other of the realizations possible, the tip 58 or the small base of the wall lower 56 is turned towards the lower part 46, that is to say towards space 49. The large base 59 is quant opposite to the main column 41.

    La paroi supérieure 57 a, dans la réalisation représentée, une forme générale conique. Dans d'autres formes de réalisation, la paroi supérieure 57 a une forme générale tronconique ou hémisphérique, ou encore une forme complexe dérivée des formes qui précèdent. La paroi supérieure 57 a une grande base commune avec la grande base 59. Elle est donc tournée vers la partie inférieure 46.The upper wall 57 a, in the embodiment shown, a general conical shape. In other embodiments, the upper wall 57 has a shape general frustoconical or hemispherical, or a form complex derived from the above forms. Wall superior 57 has a large common base with the large base 59. It is therefore turned towards the lower part 46.

    Les entretoises 50 déjà mentionnées sont par exemple associées à la paroi supérieure 52 de la partie inférieure 46 et à la paroi inférieure 56 de la partie supérieure 47.The spacers 50 already mentioned are by example associated with the upper wall 52 of the part lower 46 and to the lower wall 56 of the part superior 47.

    Bien que dans le cas présent, l'aspirateur 45 représenté est de type statique, il entre également dans le cadre de la présente invention que cet aspirateur soit de type stato-mécanique. Dans ce cas (non représenté), l'aspirateur 45 comporte également une turbine intégrée.Although in this case, the vacuum cleaner 45 represented is of static type, it also enters the part of the present invention that this vacuum cleaner is stato-mechanical type. In this case (not shown), the vacuum cleaner 45 also includes an integrated turbine.

    De tels aspirateurs sont notamment décrits dans les documents FR-A-2 651 563, FR-A-2 374 591, FR-A-2 514 469, FR-A-2 709 534.Such vacuum cleaners are described in particular in the documents FR-A-2 651 563, FR-A-2 374 591, FR-A-2 514 469, FR-A-2 709 534.

    Cette turbine a ses pales situées dans l'espace 49 ou dans un espace ménagé par la partie supérieure 47.This turbine has its blades located in space 49 or in a space provided by the upper part 47.

    Suivant un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'installation de l'invention, représenté sur la figure 6, une seconde colonne 59 entoure la colonne principale 41.According to a second embodiment of the installation of the invention, shown in FIG. 6, a second column 59 surrounds the main column 41.

    Cette seconde colonne 59 débouche d'une part dans la zone d'évacuation 42, donc à l'extérieur du bâtiment 3, et d'autre part, dans un tuyau d'amenée 60, qui est connecté au conduit principal 4 du système d'amenée d'air 1. This second column 59 leads on the one hand into the evacuation zone 42, therefore outside the building 3, and on the other hand, in a supply pipe 60, which is connected to main duct 4 of the air supply system 1.

    Dans le présent mode de réalisation, la seconde colonne 59 présente une section transersale sensiblement circulaire, de diamètre supérieur à celui de la colonne principale 41.In the present embodiment, the second column 59 has a cross section substantially circular, with a diameter greater than that of the column main 41.

    D'autres formes ne sont bien entendu pas exclues.Other forms are of course not excluded.

    Par ailleurs, cette seconde colonne 59 ainsi que la colonne principale 41 et le conduit principal 4 peuvent être respectivement unitaires ou composés de plusieurs tronçons alignés, coaxiaux et fixés deux à deux.Furthermore, this second column 59 as well as the main column 41 and main duct 4 can be respectively unitary or composed of several aligned, coaxial and fixed sections two by two.

    L'espace 61 séparant la seconde colonne 59 de la colonne principale 41, est suffisamment important pour que l'air en provenance de la zone d'évacuation 42 puisse y circuler, suivant les flèches F3.The space 61 separating the second column 59 from the main column 41, is large enough that the air coming from the evacuation zone 42 can there circulate, following the arrows F3.

    Cet air est ainsi entraíné naturellement vers l'extrémité inférieure 3b du bâtiment 3, c'est-à-dire vers l'extrémité amont 59b de la seconde colonne 59.This air is thus naturally drawn towards the lower end 3b of building 3, that is to say towards the upstream end 59b of the second column 59.

    Cet air est ensuite acheminé dans le tuyau d'amenée 60 jusqu'au conduit principal 4 du système d'amenée d'air 1.This air is then routed through the supply pipe 60 to main duct 4 of the air supply system 1.

    Dans ces conditions, la première source d'air 5 est confondue avec la zone d'évacuation 42.Under these conditions, the first air source 5 is combined with evacuation zone 42.

    L'avantage d'une telle installation permet le réchauffement naturel de l'air circulant dans la seconde colonne 59 grâce au contact de cet air avec les parois externes de la colonne principale 41. The advantage of such an installation allows the natural warming of the air circulating in the second column 59 thanks to the contact of this air with the walls main column 41.

    Des orifices 62 sont ménagés sur la paroi de la seconde colonne 59 de manière à permettre le passage de la ou des bouches d'extraction 43 qui sont montées en piquage sur la colonne principale 41.Ports 62 are formed on the wall of the second column 59 so as to allow the passage of the or extraction vents 43 which are mounted in the nozzle on the main column 41.

    Dans ce mode de réalisation, ou peut également prévoir d'aménager, par exemple sur le tuyau d'amenée 60, un système bipasse 63 débouchant sur une source d'air frais 64.In this embodiment, or can also plan to arrange, for example on the supply pipe 60, a bypass system 63 leading to a source of fresh air 64.

    Ainsi par exemple, dans l'hypothèse où l'air amené dans le conduit principal 4 ne doit pas être trop chaud (par exemple l'été), le système bipasse 63 permettrait d'obturer l'extrémité amont 59b de la seconde colonne 59 et d'ouvrir l'extrémité aval de la source 64.So for example, assuming the air supplied in main duct 4 must not be too hot (for example in summer), the 63 bypass system would allow to close the upstream end 59b of the second column 59 and open the downstream end of source 64.

    Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits.Of course, the invention is not limited to embodiments which have just been described.

    A cet effet, on peut également prévoir d'utiliser un aspirateur statique, statomécanique ou dynamique, du type de l'aspirateur statique 45 tel que décrit précédemment, dont les parties inférieure 46 et supérieure 47 présentent non pas une forme générale de révolution autour de l'axe 48, comme cela a été décrit en référence à l'aspirateur 45, mais une forme allongée suivant la direction perpendiculaire à l'axe 48.For this purpose, one can also plan to use a static, statomechanical or dynamic vacuum cleaner, type of static vacuum cleaner 45 as described previously, including the lower 46 and upper parts 47 do not present a general form of revolution around axis 48, as described with reference to the vacuum cleaner 45, but an elongated shape following the direction perpendicular to axis 48.

    Dans cette hypothèse, les parois inférieures 27, 30 et supérieures 26, 31 présentent une forme générale prismatique.In this hypothesis, the lower walls 27, 30 26 and 31 have a general shape prismatic.

    Ainsi par exemple, la petite base 54 de la paroi supérieure 52 et, le cas échéant, la petite base de la paroi inférieure 56, présenteraient une section rectangulaire et non carrée, comme cela est le cas s'agissant de l'aspirateur 45 précité.So for example, the small base 54 of the wall upper 52 and, if applicable, the small base of the lower wall 56, would have a section rectangular and not square, as is the case with regard to the aforementioned vacuum cleaner 45.

    Par ailleurs, dans le cas où le deuxième dispositif d'injection d'air supplémentaire 44 est disposé à l'extérieur du bâtiment 3, en s'élevant sur et au-dessus de son toit, on peut prévoir qu'il y soit fixé par l'intermédiaire d'un solin, pour assurer l'étanchéité de cette fixation.By the way, in case the second device additional air injection 44 is arranged at the outside of building 3, rising above and above its roof, one can foresee that it is fixed there by through a flashing, to seal the this fixation.

    En outre, une souche, entourant la colonne principale 41 à partir du solin jusqu'à l'aspirateur 45, exclu, peut être fixée rigidement au solin.In addition, a stump, surrounding the column main 41 from the flashing to the vacuum cleaner 45, excluded, can be rigidly fixed to the flashing.

    Cette souche est par exemple réalisée en une matière métallique préfabriquée.This strain is for example made in a prefabricated metallic material.

    Dans une variante, les parois de la souche sont suffisamment écartées de la partie extrême aval de la colonne principale 41 et du dispositif d'injection 44, de manière à laisser un espace libre entre eux, pour permettre par exemple une isolation aux courants d'air froids ou chauds extérieurs. Cette isolation est par exemple assurée à l'aide d'une laine de roche ou analogue fixée sur les parois intérieures de la souche.Alternatively, the walls of the strain are sufficiently spaced from the downstream end of the main column 41 and of the injection device 44, of so as to leave a free space between them, to allow for example insulation against cold drafts or hot outside. This insulation is for example ensured using rock wool or the like attached to the interior walls of the strain.

    Claims (43)

    1. Installation for the natural ventilation of at least one room (2) in a building (3), of the type comprising a system (1) for supplying air into the room (2) and a system (40) for extracting air from the room (2), which air extraction system comprises:
      a main column (41) which extends essentially vertically, the downstream end (41a) of which opens onto an evacuation zone (42) and the upstream end (41b) of which is closed off;
      at least one extraction vent (43) which is machined into the main column (41) between the upstream end (41b) and the downstream end (41a) and opens onto a room (2);
      and a device for injecting additional air, referred to as the second device (44), which is positioned towards the downstream end (41a) of the main column (41),
      characterized in that
      the air supply system (1) comprises:
      a main conduit (4) which extends essentially vertically, the downstream end (4a) of which is closed off and the upstream end (4b) of which opens onto a first air source (5), and comprises at least one air supply vent (6) that is machined between its upstream and downstream ends and opens onto a room (2);
      and at least a first device (7) for injecting additional air, which device is positioned towards the upstream end (4b) of the main conduit (4), having the function of entraining the air coming from the first air source (5) towards its downstream end (4a);
      the air extraction system (40) furthermore comprises a static or static mechanical ventilator that is spaced apart from the downstream end (41a) of the main column (41);
      and in that it comprises selective control means for the operation of the first and second injection devices (7, 44) such as the modulation of flow rate and/or speed as a function of requirements, such as clock, temperature probe, pressostat or hydrostatic probe.
    2. Installation according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first air injection device (7) comprises a section of conduit (8) a first end (8a) of which is located and opens out near the upstream end (4b) of the main conduit (4) and the second end (8b) of which opens onto a second air source (9); and means (12) for injecting additional air, which means are mounted inside the main conduit (4) at the junction of the latter (4) with the first end (8a) of the section of conduit; the additional air coming from the second air source (9) and circulating in the section of conduit (8) being injected into the main conduit (4) in the same direction of circulation (F1) as the air coming from the first air source (5).
    3. Installation according to Claim 2, characterized by a first (5) and a second (9) distinct air sources.
    4. Installation according to either of Claims 2 and 3, characterized by injection means (12) comprising at least one injection nozzle (11) located inside the main conduit (4) and borne by the latter, and at least one injection conduit (10) that connects the nozzle or nozzles (11) to the section of conduit (8) and is located essentially upstream of said nozzle or nozzles (11).
    5. Installation according to Claim 4, characterized by one or more nozzles (11) that have a fixed general position in the main conduit (4), at least as regards their spacing with respect to the axis (D) of said conduit.
    6. Installation according to Claim 5, characterized by one or more nozzles (11) which are held in a fixed position within the main conduit (4) by components that form a spring (14a, 14b) and are fixed rigidly to the walls (4c) of the main conduit (4).
    7. Installation according to any of Claims 4 to 6, characterized by a single nozzle (11) located in or essentially in the axis (D) of the main conduit (4) or a plurality of nozzles (11) located in the immediate vicinity of the axis (D).
    8. Installation according to any of Claims 4 to 6, characterized by a number of nozzles (11) placed at a number of locations in the main conduit (4), in the axis (D) and/or spaced apart from it.
    9. Installation according to Claim 8, characterized by one or more central nozzles (11') located in or in the vicinity of the axis (D) of the main conduit (4) and/or a plurality of peripheral nozzles (11'') located in the vicinity of the wall (4c) of the main conduit (4) and/or a plurality of median nozzles located between the axis (D) of the main conduit (4) and its wall (4c); the peripheral nozzles (11'') and/or median nozzles being in particular regularly distributed about the axis (D).
    10. Installation according to any of Claims 4 to 9, characterized by nozzles (11) placed with respect to one another so as not to substantially block the passage of air.
    11. Installation according to any of Claims 4 to 10, characterized by nozzles (11) arranged in rows and columns borne by a perforated plate located in the main conduit (4) and borne by the latter.
    12. Installation according to any of Claims 4 to 11, characterized by one or more walls in the form of venturis (13) placed downstream of the nozzle or nozzles (11).
    13. Installation according to Claim 12, characterized by a wall in the form of a venturi that adjoins the wall (4c) of the main conduit (4) and/or a wall in the form of a venturi for one or more nozzles (11), in particular of the same type (central, peripheral or median).
    14. Installation according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first air injection device (7) comprises a section of conduit (23) that forms part of the main conduit (4), a component (24) surrounded by the main conduit (4) and positioned coaxially upstream of an end part (23a) of the section of conduit (23), the component (24) being in the form of a sleeve that forms an inner passage (24') for the additional air and comprises a plurality of hollow grooves (28) extending over its outer surface (27) from an inner free end edge (27a) to a peripheral zone (27c), the hollow grooves (28) having the function of delimiting, with the section of conduit (23), channels for the introduction of additional air, said peripheral zone (27c) having the function of delimiting with said section of conduit (23) a collection space for the additional air.
    15. Installation according to Claim 14, characterized by axial or helical grooves (28).
    16. Installation according to either of Claims 14 and 15, characterized by grooves (28) that are distributed regularly over the outer surface (27) of the sleeve about its axis (L), in particular in a large enough number so as to be substantially close to one another.
    17. Installation according to any of Claims 14 to 16, characterized by a component (24) comprising a first part (24a) in the form of an annulus, which defines the grooves (28) and comprises the peripheral zone (27c), mounted on a second part (24b) that forms a support.
    18. Installation according to any of Claims 14 to 17, characterized by a component (24) made of a single piece.
    19. Installation according to any of Claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the inner and/or outer section of the component (24) is circular or polygonal.
    20. Installation according to any of Claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the inner shape of the component (24) is generally cylindrical, at least towards the inner free end edge (27a).
    21. Installation according to Claim 20, characterized in that the inner surface (25) of the first part (24a) has an essentially cylindrical shape, whereas the inner surface (30) of the second part (24b) has an essentially frustoconical shape, its large base being furthest away from the free edge (27a).
    22. Installation according to any of Claims 14 to 21, characterized in that the outer shape of the component (24), at least towards the inner free end edge (27a), is generally frustoconical, the small base being towards the free edge, so that the end part of the grooves (28) is slightly inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis (L) of the component (24).
    23. Installation according to Claim 22, characterized in that the outer surface (27) of the first part (24a) has an essentially frustoconical shape, whereas the outer surface (31) of the second part (24b) has an essentially cylindrical shape.
    24. Installation according to any of Claims 14 to 23, characterized in that the section of conduit (23) comprises a first portion (33) that lies opposite and close to the outer surface (27) of the component comprising the grooves (28), so as to form channels for the introduction of additional air; and a second portion (35) that lies opposite and spaced apart from the peripheral zone (27c) so as to form, between the corresponding outer surface (27) of the component and said second portion (35), an annular space (36) that forms a collection chamber for the additional air; at least one air introduction orifice being made on the second portion so as to open into said chamber; air supply means (37) communicating with the collection chamber (36) via the orifice.
    25. Installation according to Claim 24, characterized in that the first portion (33) of the section of conduit (23) has an essentially frustoconical shape, the small base of which is located essentially opposite the free edge (27a) of the component (24) and the large base of which is located essentially opposite the limit between the grooves (28) and the peripheral zone (27c).
    26. Installation according to Claim 25, characterized by a second portion (35) of the section of conduit (23) that has an essentially cylindrical shape, a radial shoulder (33a) towards the outside forming the junction between the first (33) and the second (35) portions.
    27. Installation according to any of Claims 24 to 26, characterized by a first portion (33) of the section of conduit (8) surmounted by a free portion (34) of the section, in particular made of a single piece.
    28. Installation according to Claim 27, characterized by a free portion (34) of the section having an essentially frustoconical overall shape, the large section of which is located on the opposite side to the component (24) so that the system forms a venturi.
    29. Installation according to any of Claims 17 to 28, characterized in that the second part (24a) of the component (24) is introduced into the main conduit (4) downstream of a second section (38) that forms part of said conduit.
    30. Installation according to any of Claims 14 to 29, characterized by an intermediate component (39) that surrounds the first injection device (7) at least opposite the grooves (28).
    31. Installation according to any of Claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the first injection device (7) comprises means (19) for entraining the additional air, which means are placed towards the second end (8b) of the section of conduit (8), such as motor means, in particular a fan.
    32. Installation according to any of Claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the first injection device (7) comprises means for filtering, treating, heating and cooling the additional air.
    33. Installation, characterized by a second device for injecting additional air (44) which is identical to the first device (7) for injecting additional air according to any of Claims 2 to 31.
    34. Installation according to any of Claims 1 to 33, characterized by a static or static mechanical ventilator (45) of the type having an overall shape of revolution, the axis (48) of which is in the continuation of that of the main column (41) or slightly inclined with respect to the latter, and comprising a lower part (46) and an upper part (47) which are spaced apart from one another and are rigidly associated with one another along the axis (L) of the main column (41), the lower part (46) being provided with a hole (51) for the passage of the air that is to be rejected, in communication with the main column (41), this hole opening into the space (49) between the lower part (46) and the upper part (47) and having the overall shape of a venturi in axial section.
    35. Installation according to Claim 34, characterized by a lower part (46) comprising at least one upper wall (52) of frustoconical overall shape, the small base of which is turned towards the upper part (47) and the large base of which is turned towards the main column (41).
    36. Installation according to Claim 34, characterized by a lower part (46) comprising a lower wall (53) of frustoconical overall shape, the small base of which is turned towards the main column (41) and the large base of which is turned towards the upper part (47).
    37. Installation according to any of Claims 34 to 36, characterized by an upper part (47) comprising at least one lower wall (56) of conical or frustoconical overall shape, the tip (58) or small base of which is turned towards the lower part (46) and the large base of which is opposite the main column (41).
    38. Installation according to Claim 37, characterized by an upper part (47) also comprising an upper wall (57) of conical or frustoconical or hemispherical overall shape, the large base of which is turned towards the lower part (46).
    39. Installation according to any of Claims 34 to 38, characterized by a ventilator (45) that also comprises an integrated turbine and thus forms a static mechanical ventilator.
    40. Installation according to any of Claims 1 to 39, characterized by a first air source (5) of the air supply system (1) that is distinct from the evacuation zone (42) into which the main column (41) opens out.
    41. Installation according to any of Claims 1 to 40, characterized by a first air source (5) of the air supply system (1) that is located in the evacuation zone (42) into which the main column (41) opens out.
    42. Installation according to Claim 41, characterized by a second column (59) that surrounds the main column (41) and opens out on the one hand into the evacuation zone (42) and on the other hand into a supply pipe (60) that is connected to the main conduit (4) of the air supply system (1), the space (61) separating the main column (41) from the second column (59) receiving the air from the evacuation zone (42), which is then entrained into the supply pipe (60) and then the main conduit (4) of the air supply system (1).
    43. Installation according to Claim 42, characterized by a second column (59) comprising at least one orifice (62) that allows the passage of the extraction vent or vents (43) machined into the main column (41).
    EP98401132A 1997-05-13 1998-05-12 Ventilation system with supplementary air injection for improved draught Expired - Lifetime EP0878672B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9705855 1997-05-13
    FR9705855A FR2763390B1 (en) 1997-05-13 1997-05-13 VENTILATION SYSTEM WITH ADDITIONAL AIR INJECTION FOR DRAFT ASSISTANCE

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0878672A1 EP0878672A1 (en) 1998-11-18
    EP0878672B1 true EP0878672B1 (en) 2004-09-15

    Family

    ID=9506833

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP98401132A Expired - Lifetime EP0878672B1 (en) 1997-05-13 1998-05-12 Ventilation system with supplementary air injection for improved draught

    Country Status (7)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0878672B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE276494T1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69826173D1 (en)
    FR (1) FR2763390B1 (en)
    HU (1) HUP9801076A1 (en)
    PT (1) PT878672E (en)
    RU (1) RU2196276C2 (en)

    Cited By (1)

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    WO2013140031A1 (en) * 2012-03-21 2013-09-26 Maricap Oy Method and apparatus for treating the outlet air of a pneumatic waste conveying system

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    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    FR2926626B1 (en) * 2008-01-22 2010-06-25 Aldes Aeraulique HOT WATER PRODUCTION FACILITY FOR COLLECTIVE HOUSING
    CN106288123B (en) * 2016-08-17 2019-04-02 浙江诚名智能工程有限公司 A kind of central ventilation system
    EP3674559B1 (en) * 2018-12-24 2021-06-02 LEONARDO S.p.A. Jet fan and vehicle comprising such a fan
    GB2618359A (en) * 2022-05-05 2023-11-08 William Wyllie Ferguson Colin Apparatus for ventilating a structure

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    HU9801076D0 (en) 1998-07-28
    RU2196276C2 (en) 2003-01-10
    EP0878672A1 (en) 1998-11-18
    HUP9801076A1 (en) 1999-05-28
    FR2763390B1 (en) 1999-07-23
    ATE276494T1 (en) 2004-10-15
    PT878672E (en) 2005-01-31
    DE69826173D1 (en) 2004-10-21
    FR2763390A1 (en) 1998-11-20

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