EP2166285B1 - Mischer für Kessel - Google Patents

Mischer für Kessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2166285B1
EP2166285B1 EP20090170672 EP09170672A EP2166285B1 EP 2166285 B1 EP2166285 B1 EP 2166285B1 EP 20090170672 EP20090170672 EP 20090170672 EP 09170672 A EP09170672 A EP 09170672A EP 2166285 B1 EP2166285 B1 EP 2166285B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel gas
divergent
fins
mixer according
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP20090170672
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2166285A1 (en
Inventor
Jérôme Renard
David Chapuis
Matthieu Collet
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Guillot Industrie SAS
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Guillot Industrie SAS
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Publication of EP2166285A1 publication Critical patent/EP2166285A1/en
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Publication of EP2166285B1 publication Critical patent/EP2166285B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air-gas mixer for a boiler.
  • This type of mixer can be used, for example, for a flue gas boiler or for a gas fuel boiler.
  • figure 1 The general structure of a smoke tube boiler is illustrated in figure 1 . More specifically, the figure 1 represents a boiler with vertical tubes.
  • Such a boiler is used in particular to achieve collective heating or produce hot water.
  • a flue gas boiler comprises a combustion chamber 1 and a tank 2 containing heat transfer fluid.
  • the boiler is generally connected to a network, either heating or hot water, the fluid stored in the tank 2 being renewed by a flow of fluid through the aforementioned network.
  • the combustion chamber 1 comprises a tubular plate 3 forming a support for flue tubes 4, the tube plate 3 being disposed substantially horizontally and the flue tubes 4 extending vertically from the tube plate.
  • the fumes flowing from the tubes 4 exchange heat with the water contained in the tank 2 and are collected in the lower part of the boiler 5 in order to be evacuated.
  • the combustion chamber 1 is equipped with a burner 6 fed with a mixture of combustible gas and air.
  • the burner 6 is connected to a mixer 7 at which a fuel gas inlet 8 and an air inlet 9 are connected.
  • a fan 10 makes it possible to direct the mixture coming from the mixer 7 towards the burner 6.
  • a mixer 7 generally comprises a tubular body 11 having a converging zone 12 and a zone 13, having a fuel gas inlet opening 14, in which is mounted a divergent 15 of tubular shape.
  • the outer wall of the diverging portion 15 and the inner wall of the body 11 define a peripheral duct 16 fed by the combustible gas.
  • the convergent zone 12 and the inner wall of the diverging portion 15 define a central duct 17 for the supply of air.
  • annular element 18 is mounted between the convergent zone 12 of the body 11 and the tubular divergence 15, said annular element 18 having an inner wall 19 converging in the direction of flow of the air F and whose downstream end 20 is spaced apart, towards the inside of the central duct 17, of the upstream end 21 of the divergent portion 15 so as to define an annular opening 22.
  • the air circulating in the central duct 17, from upstream to downstream, causes, at the level of the annular opening 22, a vacuum resulting by venturi effect the combustible gas contained in the peripheral duct 16 towards the central duct 17 .
  • the fluid contained in the central duct 17 comprises combustible gas in the form of a peripheral vein and air, located in the center.
  • a heterogeneous mixture does not provide good combustion of the mixture, which has the effect of reducing the performance of the boiler, particularly in the ignition phase.
  • the mounting of a fan downstream of the mixer, while improving the quality of the mixture by stirring it generates, does not make the mixture homogeneous.
  • the document WO 02/29319 proposes to have, upstream of the convergent zone, a fixed-blade element producing a rotating flow of air supply.
  • the rotating flow does not mix radially fuel gas and air.
  • the fuel gas stream although being rotated by the rotating air flow, remains at the periphery of the central duct, but is not or is little mixed with the central air duct .
  • the document EP 0 907 051 discloses a venturi system having an upstream convergent element and a downstream diverging element having on its inner face a series of bumps rendering said surface irregular and generating disturbances in the central duct.
  • the stirring of the fluid created by the disturbances is insufficient to make the fluid leaving the mixer completely homogeneous.
  • the document JP 2006-326571 discloses a mixer comprising a central air supply duct, a peripheral duct for fuel gas inlet, opening into the central duct at a peripheral opening so that the combustible gas is sucked by the venturi effect during the air circulation.
  • Openings are made in the wall of the central duct, upstream of the annular opening, and allow the passage of a portion of combustible fluid in the central duct.
  • a propeller is disposed at said openings and is actuated in rotation during the passage of air, thereby causing the mixing of the fuel gas from the openings.
  • This type of mixer is complex and requires the use of moving parts.
  • the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a mixer that provides good homogeneity of the air mixture and combustible gas, while being uncomplicated.
  • the invention relates to a mixer for a boiler, comprising an enclosure delimiting a central air intake duct and a peripheral duct for the arrival of combustible gas, arranged around the central duct, the central duct presenting, successively, in the direction of flow of the air, a convergent zone and a divergent zone, the peripheral duct opening into the central duct, via an annular opening disposed between the convergent zone and the divergent zone so that the air circulating in the central duct causes a vacuum resulting, by venturi effect, the fuel gas in the central duct, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of fins, extending substantially transversely in the central duct, the fins being arranged at least in pairs, each pair of fins delimiting a fuel gas supply channel extending from the annular opening into the interior of the central duct, each channel having a generally U-shaped, opening on the downstream side and being closed on the upstream side, in the direction of the flow of the fluid.
  • the fuel gas from the annular opening is fed, in part, at the periphery of the central duct, and partly towards inside the central duct, through the channels delimited by the fins.
  • These channels being open downstream, the fuel gas is not only brought to the center of the duct, but escapes from the corresponding channel throughout the path traveled by the fuel gas in this channel.
  • the fuel gas is thus distributed radially in the central duct and is no longer located solely in a peripheral vein.
  • the mixture of air and fuel gas obtained then has a good homogeneity.
  • the enclosure comprises a tubular body inside which is mounted a diverging tubular shape, the outer wall of the diverging and the inner wall of the body defining the peripheral conduit, the inner wall of the diverging delimiting the divergent zone of the central duct, an annular element being mounted between a convergent zone of the body and the tubular divergent, said annular element having an internal wall converging in the direction of air circulation and whose downstream end is spaced, towards the interior of the central duct, the upstream end of the divergent so as to define the annular opening for the suction of the fuel gas in the central duct.
  • the fins are molded with the annular element.
  • each fuel gas supply channel opens through the convergent inner wall of the annular element.
  • the fins extend downstream of the annular opening for the aspiration of the fuel gas into the central duct.
  • the fins thus guide the combustible gas inside the channels, over a greater distance. A larger amount of fuel gas can then be supplied to the interior of the central duct.
  • the base of the U of each fuel gas feed channel has a convex wall.
  • This characteristic has the effect of limiting the pressure losses due to the presence of fuel gas supply channels, forming obstacles in the flow of the air flow.
  • the width of each fuel gas feed channel is between 2 and 8 mm, preferably of the order of 4 mm.
  • Such a width makes it possible to limit the pressure drops while ensuring that a sufficient quantity of combustible gas is brought into the interior of the central duct.
  • the distance between the annular opening and the downstream edge of the fins is between 0.5 and 2 cm.
  • the distance between the annular opening and the upstream edge of the fins is between 0.5 and 2 cm.
  • This distance must be large enough to properly open the channels in the inner wall of the annular element and to limit losses.
  • the mixer comprises two or three channels for supplying fuel gas.
  • a large number of channels makes it possible to obtain a better homogeneity of the mixture but increases the pressure drops.
  • a number of channels equal to 2 or 3 is a good compromise between these two parameters.
  • the fuel gas supply channels extend radially.
  • FIGS. 4 to 9 represent a mixer 7 for a boiler, in particular for a flue gas boiler, comprising a body 11 of generally tubular shape having an upstream end 23 and a downstream end 24 in the form of a neck.
  • the inner wall of the body 11 has an upstream zone forming a convergent 12 intended to be supplied with air, and a downstream zone 13.
  • a fuel gas supply line 14 opens into the downstream zone 13, perpendicular to the general axis C of the body.
  • a divergent 15 of tubular shape is mounted in the downstream zone 13. More specifically, the divergent 15 has a cylindrical upstream zone 25 and a divergent downstream zone 26, in the direction of flow of the fluid represented by the arrow F.
  • the downstream end of the divergent portion 15 has a flange 27 fixed to the downstream end 24 of the body 11 by means of screws 28.
  • the outer wall of the diverging portion 15 forms, with the inner wall of the downstream zone 13 of the body 11, a peripheral duct 16 into which the fuel gas inlet duct 14 opens.
  • An annular element 18 is disposed between the convergent zone 12 of the body 11 and the upstream end 21 of the divergent portion 15.
  • the annular element 18 comprises an outer ring 29 having a collar 30.
  • a seal 31 is mounted on the outer ring 29 and is retained by the collar 30. The seal 31 comes into bearing against a shoulder 32 formed in the inner wall of the body 11, downstream of the convergent zone 12.
  • the annular element 18 further comprises an inner wall 19 extending from the upstream end 33 of the outer ring 18 and converging in the direction of flow of the air F entering through the convergent zone 12 of the body 11.
  • the convergent wall 19 of the annular element 18 extends in the extension of the inner wall of the convergent zone 12 of the body 11 and forms therewith an assembly which will be called hereinafter the convergent 12, 19.
  • annular opening term also denotes a plurality of openings distinct from each other and arranged forming a ring.
  • the annular element 18 further comprises three pairs of fins 34 extending substantially radially.
  • the fins 34 of the same pair are spaced from each other, their upstream edges 35 being connected by a convex wall 36 (see FIG. figure 8 ).
  • the fins 34 and the convex upstream wall 36 thus form a U-shaped channel 37 opening downstream 38.
  • the annular element 18 thus comprises three radial channels 37, connected to each other at the center C of the central duct 17.
  • the fins 34 are molded in one piece with the annular element 18, the assembly being for example made of synthetic material or aluminum.
  • the assembly formed by the fins may be removably attached to the annular element 18, for example by snapping.
  • Each channel 37 opens further through the inner wall 19 of the annular element 19, as is better visible at the figure 6 , so as to communicate with the peripheral duct 16.
  • the upstream edge 35 of the fins 14 is located upstream of the end 20 of the inner wall 19, at a distance of the order of 10 mm.
  • the downstream edge of the fins is located downstream of the free end 20 of the inner wall 19 at a distance of the order of 10 mm.
  • each channel 37 that is to say the spacing between two fins 34 of the same pair, is of the order of 4 mm.
  • the annular element 18 and the divergent 15 are made of synthetic material, the body 11 being made of cast iron.
  • the downstream edge 39 of the fins 34 extends in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis C of the central duct 17.
  • the downstream edge 38 of each channel 37 presents a curved or sloping profile so that the length of the fins 34 at the periphery of the central duct is greater than at the center thereof.
  • venturi creates an aspiration of the combustible gas contained in the peripheral duct 16, fed by the corresponding duct 4.
  • Part of the fuel gas thus sucked passes through the annular opening 22 and opens out at the periphery of the central duct 17, and another part of it enters the channels 37 and progresses towards the center C of the central duct 17.
  • the combustible gas escapes progressively from the channels 37 via the downstream edge 38, under the effect of the suction created by the air flow F.
  • the combustible gas escapes progressively from the channels 37 via the downstream edge 38, under the effect of the suction created by the air flow F.
  • the channels 37 for supplying the fuel gas do not extend to center C of the central duct 17 but are connected by a ring 39, hollow or solid, arranged concentrically with respect to the outer ring 29.
  • the channels 37 although directed inwardly of the central channel 17, do not extend radially and are not connected to each other.
  • the number of channels 37 can also vary according to the needs.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments of this mixer, described above as examples.
  • the mixer according to the invention could be used for a gaseous fuel boiler.

Description

L'invention concerne un mélangeur air-gaz pour chaudière.The invention relates to an air-gas mixer for a boiler.

Ce type de mélangeur peut être utilisé par exemple pour une chaudière à tube de fumées ou pour une chaudière à combustibles gazeux.This type of mixer can be used, for example, for a flue gas boiler or for a gas fuel boiler.

La structure générale d'une chaudière à tubes de fumée est illustrée à la figure 1. Plus précisément, la figure 1 représente une chaudière à tubes verticaux.The general structure of a smoke tube boiler is illustrated in figure 1 . More specifically, the figure 1 represents a boiler with vertical tubes.

Une telle chaudière est notamment utilisée afin de réaliser un chauffage collectif ou de produire de l'eau chaude sanitaire.Such a boiler is used in particular to achieve collective heating or produce hot water.

De manière classique, une chaudière à tubes de fumées comporte une chambre de combustion 1 ainsi qu'un réservoir 2 contenant du fluide caloporteur. La chaudière est généralement reliée à un réseau, soit de chauffage, soit d'eau chaude sanitaire, le fluide stocké dans le réservoir 2 étant renouvelé par une circulation de fluide au travers du réseau précité.In a conventional manner, a flue gas boiler comprises a combustion chamber 1 and a tank 2 containing heat transfer fluid. The boiler is generally connected to a network, either heating or hot water, the fluid stored in the tank 2 being renewed by a flow of fluid through the aforementioned network.

La chambre de combustion 1 comporte une plaque tubulaire 3 formant support pour des tubes de fumées 4, la plaque tubulaire 3 étant disposée sensiblement horizontalement et les tubes de fumées 4 s'étendant verticalement depuis la plaque tubulaire.The combustion chamber 1 comprises a tubular plate 3 forming a support for flue tubes 4, the tube plate 3 being disposed substantially horizontally and the flue tubes 4 extending vertically from the tube plate.

Les fumées circulant des les tubes 4 échangent de la chaleur avec l'eau contenue dans le réservoir 2 puis sont collectées en partie basse de la chaudière 5 afin d'y être évacuées.The fumes flowing from the tubes 4 exchange heat with the water contained in the tank 2 and are collected in the lower part of the boiler 5 in order to be evacuated.

La chambre de combustion 1 est équipée d'un brûleur 6 alimenté par un mélange de gaz combustible et d'air. Le brûleur 6 est relié à un mélangeur 7 au niveau duquel sont raccordées une arrivée de gaz combustible 8 et une arrivée d'air 9. Un ventilateur 10 permet de diriger le mélange issu du mélangeur 7 vers le brûleur 6.The combustion chamber 1 is equipped with a burner 6 fed with a mixture of combustible gas and air. The burner 6 is connected to a mixer 7 at which a fuel gas inlet 8 and an air inlet 9 are connected. A fan 10 makes it possible to direct the mixture coming from the mixer 7 towards the burner 6.

La structure d'un mélangeur connu est représentée aux figures 2 et 3.The structure of a known mixer is shown in Figures 2 and 3 .

Un mélangeur 7 comporte généralement un corps tubulaire 11 présentant une zone convergente 12 et une zone 13, présentant une ouverture 14 d'arrivée de gaz combustible, dans laquelle est monté un divergent 15 de forme tubulaire.A mixer 7 generally comprises a tubular body 11 having a converging zone 12 and a zone 13, having a fuel gas inlet opening 14, in which is mounted a divergent 15 of tubular shape.

La paroi externe du divergent 15 et la paroi interne du corps 11 délimitent un conduit périphérique 16 alimenté par le gaz combustible.The outer wall of the diverging portion 15 and the inner wall of the body 11 define a peripheral duct 16 fed by the combustible gas.

La zone convergente 12 et la paroi interne du divergent 15 délimitent un conduit central 17 d'arrivée d'air.The convergent zone 12 and the inner wall of the diverging portion 15 define a central duct 17 for the supply of air.

Un élément annulaire 18 est monté entre la zone convergente 12 du corps 11 et le divergent tubulaire 15, ledit élément annulaire 18 comportant une paroi interne 19 convergent dans le sens de circulation de l'air F et dont l'extrémité aval 20 est écartée, vers l'intérieur du conduit central 17, de l'extrémité amont 21 du divergent 15 de manière à délimiter une ouverture annulaire 22.An annular element 18 is mounted between the convergent zone 12 of the body 11 and the tubular divergence 15, said annular element 18 having an inner wall 19 converging in the direction of flow of the air F and whose downstream end 20 is spaced apart, towards the inside of the central duct 17, of the upstream end 21 of the divergent portion 15 so as to define an annular opening 22.

L'air circulant dans le conduit central 17, de l'amont vers l'aval, provoque, au niveau de l'ouverture annulaire 22, une dépression entraînant par effet venturi le gaz combustible contenu dans le conduit périphérique 16 vers le conduit central 17.The air circulating in the central duct 17, from upstream to downstream, causes, at the level of the annular opening 22, a vacuum resulting by venturi effect the combustible gas contained in the peripheral duct 16 towards the central duct 17 .

Ainsi, le fluide contenu dans le conduit central 17 comporte du gaz combustible se présentant sous la forme d'une veine périphérique et de l'air, situé au centre.Thus, the fluid contained in the central duct 17 comprises combustible gas in the form of a peripheral vein and air, located in the center.

On remarque ainsi que, bien qu'un tel mélangeur permet d'obtenir un mélange dont les proportions sont exactes et constantes dans le temps, ce type de mélangeur n'assure pas un mélange homogène du gaz dans toute la conduite.It is thus noted that, although such a mixer makes it possible to obtain a mixture whose proportions are exact and constant over time, this type of mixer does not ensure a homogeneous mixture of gas throughout the pipe.

Un mélange hétérogène ne permet pas d'obtenir une bonne combustion du mélange, ce qui a pour effet de diminuer les performances de la chaudière, en particulier en phase d'allumage. En outre, le montage d'un ventilateur en aval du mélangeur, tout en améliorant la qualité du mélange par le brassage qu'il génère, ne permet pas de rendre le mélange homogène.A heterogeneous mixture does not provide good combustion of the mixture, which has the effect of reducing the performance of the boiler, particularly in the ignition phase. In addition, the mounting of a fan downstream of the mixer, while improving the quality of the mixture by stirring it generates, does not make the mixture homogeneous.

Afin d'améliorer l'homogénéité du mélange, le document WO 02/29319 propose de disposer, en amont de la zone convergente, un élément à pales fixes produisant un flux tournant d'arrivée d'air.In order to improve the homogeneity of the mixture, the document WO 02/29319 proposes to have, upstream of the convergent zone, a fixed-blade element producing a rotating flow of air supply.

Toutefois, l'utilisation d'un tel élément ne permet pas d'obtenir une homogénéité satisfaisante. En effet, le flux tournant ne permet pas de mélanger radialement le gaz combustible et l'air. En d'autre termes, la veine de gaz combustible, bien qu'étant entraînée en rotation par le flux d'air tournant, reste en périphérie du conduit central, mais n'est pas ou est peu mélangée à la veine centrale d'air.However, the use of such an element does not make it possible to obtain a satisfactory homogeneity. Indeed, the rotating flow does not mix radially fuel gas and air. In other words, the fuel gas stream, although being rotated by the rotating air flow, remains at the periphery of the central duct, but is not or is little mixed with the central air duct .

Le document EP 0 907 051 décrit un système formant venturi comportant un élément convergent amont et un élément divergent aval présentant, sur sa face interne, une série de bosses rendant ladite surface irrégulière et générant des perturbations dans le conduit central. Le brassage du fluide crée par les perturbations est insuffisant pour rendre totalement homogène le fluide sortant du mélangeur.The document EP 0 907 051 discloses a venturi system having an upstream convergent element and a downstream diverging element having on its inner face a series of bumps rendering said surface irregular and generating disturbances in the central duct. The stirring of the fluid created by the disturbances is insufficient to make the fluid leaving the mixer completely homogeneous.

Le document JP 2006-326571 décrit un mélangeur comportant un conduit central d'arrivée d'air, un conduit périphérique d'arrivée de gaz combustible, débouchant dans le conduit central au niveau d'une ouverture périphérique de sorte que le gaz combustible est aspiré par effet venturi lors de la circulation de l'air.The document JP 2006-326571 discloses a mixer comprising a central air supply duct, a peripheral duct for fuel gas inlet, opening into the central duct at a peripheral opening so that the combustible gas is sucked by the venturi effect during the air circulation.

Des ouvertures sont ménagées dans la paroi du conduit central, en amont de l'ouverture annulaire, et permettent le passage d'une partie de fluide combustible dans le conduit central. Une hélice est disposée au niveau desdites ouvertures et est actionnée en rotation lors du passage de l'air, entraînant ainsi le brassage du gaz combustible issu des ouvertures.Openings are made in the wall of the central duct, upstream of the annular opening, and allow the passage of a portion of combustible fluid in the central duct. A propeller is disposed at said openings and is actuated in rotation during the passage of air, thereby causing the mixing of the fuel gas from the openings.

Ce type de mélangeur est complexe et nécessite l'utilisation de pièces mobiles.This type of mixer is complex and requires the use of moving parts.

L'invention vise à remédier aux inconvénients précités en proposant un mélangeur qui offre une bonne homogénéité du mélange d'air et de gaz combustible, tout en étant peu complexe.The invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a mixer that provides good homogeneity of the air mixture and combustible gas, while being uncomplicated.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un mélangeur pour chaudière, comportant une enceinte délimitant un conduit central d'arrivée d'air et un conduit périphérique d'arrivée de gaz combustible, disposé autour du conduit central, le conduit central présentant successivement, dans le sens d'écoulement de l'air, une zone convergente et une zone divergente, le conduit périphérique débouchant dans le conduit central, par l'intermédiaire d'une ouverture annulaire disposée entre la zone convergente et la zone divergente de sorte que l'air circulant dans le conduit central provoque une dépression entraînant, par effet venturi, le gaz combustible dans le conduit central, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pluralité d'ailettes, s'étendant sensiblement transversalement dans le conduit central, les ailettes étant agencées au moins par paires, chaque paire d'ailettes délimitant un canal d'amenée de gaz combustible s'étendant depuis l'ouverture annulaire vers l'intérieur du conduit central, chaque canal présentant une forme générale de U, débouchant du côté aval et étant fermé du côté amont, dans le sens de l'écoulement du fluide.For this purpose, the invention relates to a mixer for a boiler, comprising an enclosure delimiting a central air intake duct and a peripheral duct for the arrival of combustible gas, arranged around the central duct, the central duct presenting, successively, in the direction of flow of the air, a convergent zone and a divergent zone, the peripheral duct opening into the central duct, via an annular opening disposed between the convergent zone and the divergent zone so that the air circulating in the central duct causes a vacuum resulting, by venturi effect, the fuel gas in the central duct, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of fins, extending substantially transversely in the central duct, the fins being arranged at least in pairs, each pair of fins delimiting a fuel gas supply channel extending from the annular opening into the interior of the central duct, each channel having a generally U-shaped, opening on the downstream side and being closed on the upstream side, in the direction of the flow of the fluid.

De cette manière, le gaz combustible issu de l'ouverture annulaire est amené, en partie, en périphérie du conduit central, et en partie vers l'intérieur du conduit central, par l'intermédiaire des canaux délimités par les ailettes. Ces canaux étant ouverts vers l'aval, le gaz combustible n'est pas uniquement amené au centre du conduit, mais s'échappe du canal correspondant tout au long du trajet parcouru par le gaz combustible dans ce canal.In this way, the fuel gas from the annular opening is fed, in part, at the periphery of the central duct, and partly towards inside the central duct, through the channels delimited by the fins. These channels being open downstream, the fuel gas is not only brought to the center of the duct, but escapes from the corresponding channel throughout the path traveled by the fuel gas in this channel.

Le gaz combustible est ainsi réparti radialement dans le conduit central et n'est plus uniquement situé dans une veine périphérique. Le mélange d'air et de gaz combustible obtenu présente alors une bonne homogénéité.The fuel gas is thus distributed radially in the central duct and is no longer located solely in a peripheral vein. The mixture of air and fuel gas obtained then has a good homogeneity.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'enceinte comporte un corps tubulaire à l'intérieur duquel est monté un divergent de forme tubulaire, la paroi externe du divergent et la paroi interne du corps délimitant le conduit périphérique, la paroi interne du divergent délimitant la zone divergente du conduit central, un élément annulaire étant monté entre une zone convergente du corps et le divergent tubulaire, ledit élément annulaire comportant une paroi interne convergeant dans le sens de circulation de l'air et dont l'extrémité aval est écartée, vers l'intérieur du conduit central, de l'extrémité amont du divergent de manière à délimiter l'ouverture annulaire servant à l'aspiration du gaz combustible dans le conduit central.According to a characteristic of the invention, the enclosure comprises a tubular body inside which is mounted a diverging tubular shape, the outer wall of the diverging and the inner wall of the body defining the peripheral conduit, the inner wall of the diverging delimiting the divergent zone of the central duct, an annular element being mounted between a convergent zone of the body and the tubular divergent, said annular element having an internal wall converging in the direction of air circulation and whose downstream end is spaced, towards the interior of the central duct, the upstream end of the divergent so as to define the annular opening for the suction of the fuel gas in the central duct.

Avantageusement, les ailettes viennent de moulage avec l'élément annulaire.Advantageously, the fins are molded with the annular element.

Selon une possibilité de l'invention, chaque canal d'amenée de gaz combustible débouche au travers de la paroi interne convergente de l'élément annulaire.According to a possibility of the invention, each fuel gas supply channel opens through the convergent inner wall of the annular element.

De cette manière, on augmente l'effet d'aspiration du gaz combustible à l'intérieur des canaux. L'homogénéité du mélange obtenu est donc également accrue.In this way, the suction effect of the fuel gas within the channels is increased. The homogeneity of the mixture obtained is therefore also increased.

Préférentiellement, les ailettes s'étendent en aval de l'ouverture annulaire servant à l'aspiration du gaz combustible dans le conduit central.Preferably, the fins extend downstream of the annular opening for the aspiration of the fuel gas into the central duct.

Les ailettes permettent ainsi de guider le gaz combustible à l'intérieur des canaux, sur une distance plus grande. Une quantité plus importante de gaz combustible peut alors être amenée vers l'intérieur du conduit central.The fins thus guide the combustible gas inside the channels, over a greater distance. A larger amount of fuel gas can then be supplied to the interior of the central duct.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, la base du U de chaque canal d'amenée du gaz combustible présente une paroi convexe.According to one embodiment of the invention, the base of the U of each fuel gas feed channel has a convex wall.

Cette caractéristique a pour effet de limiter les pertes de charge dues à la présence des canaux d'amenée de gaz combustible, formant des obstacles dans l'écoulement du flux d'air.This characteristic has the effect of limiting the pressure losses due to the presence of fuel gas supply channels, forming obstacles in the flow of the air flow.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la largeur de chaque canal d'amenée de gaz combustible est comprise entre 2 et 8 mm, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 4 mm.According to one characteristic of the invention, the width of each fuel gas feed channel is between 2 and 8 mm, preferably of the order of 4 mm.

Une telle largeur permet de limiter les pertes de charge tout en assurant qu'une quantité suffisante de gaz combustible est amenée vers l'intérieur du conduit central.Such a width makes it possible to limit the pressure drops while ensuring that a sufficient quantity of combustible gas is brought into the interior of the central duct.

Avantageusement, la distance entre l'ouverture annulaire et le bord aval des ailettes est comprise entre 0,5 et 2 cm.Advantageously, the distance between the annular opening and the downstream edge of the fins is between 0.5 and 2 cm.

Selon une possibilité de l'invention, la distance entre l'ouverture annulaire et le bord amont des ailettes est comprise entre 0,5 et 2 cm.According to a possibility of the invention, the distance between the annular opening and the upstream edge of the fins is between 0.5 and 2 cm.

Cette distance doit être suffisamment importante pour faire déboucher convenablement les canaux dans la paroi interne de l'élément annulaire et pour limiter les pertes de charge.This distance must be large enough to properly open the channels in the inner wall of the annular element and to limit losses.

Préférentiellement, le mélangeur comporte deux ou trois canaux d'amenée de gaz combustible.Preferably, the mixer comprises two or three channels for supplying fuel gas.

Un nombre élevé de canaux permet d'obtenir une meilleure homogénéité du mélange mais augmente les pertes de charge. Un nombre de canaux égal à 2 ou 3 est un bon compromis entre ces deux paramètres.A large number of channels makes it possible to obtain a better homogeneity of the mixture but increases the pressure drops. A number of channels equal to 2 or 3 is a good compromise between these two parameters.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, les canaux d'amenée de gaz combustible s'étendent radialement.According to one characteristic of the invention, the fuel gas supply channels extend radially.

De toute façon, l'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit, en référence au dessin schématique annexé représentant, à titre d'exemple, plusieurs formes de réalisation de ce mélangeur.

  • Figure 1 est une vue schématique d'une chaudière classique à tubes de fumées, en coupe longitudinale ;
  • Figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un mélangeur de l'art antérieur ;
  • Figure 3 est une vue agrandie représentant un élément annulaire de l'art antérieur ;
  • Figure 4 est une vue de dessus d'un mélangeur selon l'invention ;
  • Figure 5 en est une vue en coupe longitudinale ;
  • Figure 6 est une vue agrandie de la zone A de la figure 5 ;
  • Figure 7 en est une vue en coupe, selon la ligne VII-VIII de la figure 4 ;
  • Figure 8 est une vue agrandie de la zone B de la figure 7 ;
  • Figure 9 en est une vue en perspective ;
  • Figure 10 est une vue, de dessus, d'une variante de réalisation de l'élément annulaire ;
  • Figure 11 est une vue correspondant à la figure 10, d'une autre variante de réalisation de l'élément annulaire.
In any case, the invention will be better understood from the description which follows, with reference to the attached schematic drawing showing, by way of example, several embodiments of this mixer.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a conventional fume tube boiler, in longitudinal section;
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a mixer of the prior art;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view showing an annular element of the prior art;
  • Figure 4 is a top view of a mixer according to the invention;
  • Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view;
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of area A of the figure 5 ;
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view along line VII-VIII of the figure 4 ;
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of area B of the figure 7 ;
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view;
  • Figure 10 is a view, from above, of an alternative embodiment of the annular element;
  • Figure 11 is a view corresponding to the figure 10 of another variant embodiment of the annular element.

Les figures 4 à 9 représentent un mélangeur 7 pour chaudière, en particulier pour chaudière à tubes de fumées, comportant un corps 11 de forme générale tubulaire présentant une extrémité amont 23 et une extrémité aval 24 en forme de col.The Figures 4 to 9 represent a mixer 7 for a boiler, in particular for a flue gas boiler, comprising a body 11 of generally tubular shape having an upstream end 23 and a downstream end 24 in the form of a neck.

La paroi interne du corps 11 présente une zone amont formant un convergent 12 destiné à être alimenté en air, et une zone aval 13.The inner wall of the body 11 has an upstream zone forming a convergent 12 intended to be supplied with air, and a downstream zone 13.

Une conduite d'alimentation 14 en gaz combustible débouche dans la zone aval 13, perpendiculairement à l'axe général C du corps.A fuel gas supply line 14 opens into the downstream zone 13, perpendicular to the general axis C of the body.

Un divergent 15 de forme tubulaire est montée dans la zone aval 13. Plus précisément, le divergent 15 présente une zone amont cylindrique 25 et une zone aval divergente 26, dans le sens de circulation du fluide représenté par la flèche F.A divergent 15 of tubular shape is mounted in the downstream zone 13. More specifically, the divergent 15 has a cylindrical upstream zone 25 and a divergent downstream zone 26, in the direction of flow of the fluid represented by the arrow F.

L'extrémité aval du divergent 15 présente une collerette 27, fixée à l'extrémité aval 24 du corps 11 par l'intermédiaire de vis 28.The downstream end of the divergent portion 15 has a flange 27 fixed to the downstream end 24 of the body 11 by means of screws 28.

La paroi extérieure du divergent 15 forme, avec la paroi intérieure de la zone aval 13 du corps 11, un conduit périphérique 16 dans lequel débouche la conduite 14 d'arrivée de gaz combustible.The outer wall of the diverging portion 15 forms, with the inner wall of the downstream zone 13 of the body 11, a peripheral duct 16 into which the fuel gas inlet duct 14 opens.

Un élément annulaire 18 est disposé entre la zone convergente 12 du corps 11 et l'extrémité amont 21 du divergent 15.An annular element 18 is disposed between the convergent zone 12 of the body 11 and the upstream end 21 of the divergent portion 15.

Comme cela apparaît plus particulièrement à la figure 6 et comme également cela est connu en soi, l'élément annulaire 18 comporte une bague extérieure 29 présentant une collerette 30. Un joint d'étanchéité 31 est monté sur la bague externe 29 et est retenu par la collerette 30. Le joint 31 vient en appui contre un épaulement 32 ménagé dans la paroi interne du corps 11, en aval de la zone convergente 12.As appears more particularly in the figure 6 and as is also known per se, the annular element 18 comprises an outer ring 29 having a collar 30. A seal 31 is mounted on the outer ring 29 and is retained by the collar 30. The seal 31 comes into bearing against a shoulder 32 formed in the inner wall of the body 11, downstream of the convergent zone 12.

L'élément annulaire 18 comporte en outre une paroi interne 19 s'étendant depuis l'extrémité amont 33 de la bague externe 18 et convergeant dans le sens de circulation de l'air F entrant par la zone convergente 12 du corps 11.The annular element 18 further comprises an inner wall 19 extending from the upstream end 33 of the outer ring 18 and converging in the direction of flow of the air F entering through the convergent zone 12 of the body 11.

La paroi convergente 19 de l'élément annulaire 18 s'étend dans le prolongement de la paroi interne de la zone convergente 12 du corps 11 et forme avec celle-ci un ensemble qu'on appellera ci-après le convergent 12, 19.The convergent wall 19 of the annular element 18 extends in the extension of the inner wall of the convergent zone 12 of the body 11 and forms therewith an assembly which will be called hereinafter the convergent 12, 19.

L'extrémité aval 20 de la paroi interne 19 de l'élément annulaire 18 est écartée, en direction de l'axe C du conduit central 17, de l'extrémité amont 21 du divergent 15 de manière à délimiter une ouverture annulaire 22. Le terme d'ouverture annulaire désigne également une pluralité d'ouvertures distinctes les unes des autres et agencées en formant un anneau.The downstream end 20 of the inner wall 19 of the annular element 18 is spaced, in the direction of the axis C of the central duct 17, from the upstream end 21 of the divergent portion 15 so as to define an annular opening 22. annular opening term also denotes a plurality of openings distinct from each other and arranged forming a ring.

De cette manière, comme cela est connu en soi, lorsque le flux d'air F traverse le conduit central 17 formé par le convergent 12, 19 et le divergent 15, celui-ci crée une dépression au niveau de la zone de transition entre le convergent et le divergent, c'est-à-dire au niveau de l'ouverture annulaire 22. Le gaz combustible, contenu dans le conduit périphérique 16 est donc aspiré dans le conduit central 17. Le système composé du convergent et du divergent forme ainsi un venturi.In this way, as is known per se, when the air flow F passes through the central duct 17 formed by the convergent 12, 19 and the divergent 15, the latter creates a depression at the transition zone between the converge and the divergent, that is to say at the level of the annular opening 22. The combustible gas contained in the peripheral duct 16 is thus sucked into the central duct 17. The system composed of convergent and divergent forms a venturi.

L'élément annulaire 18 comporte en outre trois paires d'ailettes 34 s'étendant sensiblement radialement. Les ailettes 34 d'une mêmes paire sont écartées l'une de l'autre, leur bords amont 35 étant reliés par une paroi convexe 36 (voir figure 8). Les ailettes 34 et la paroi amont convexe 36 forment ainsi un canal en U 37 débouchant vers l'aval 38. L'élément annulaire 18 comporte ainsi trois canaux radiaux 37, reliées les uns aux autres au niveau du centre C du conduit central 17.The annular element 18 further comprises three pairs of fins 34 extending substantially radially. The fins 34 of the same pair are spaced from each other, their upstream edges 35 being connected by a convex wall 36 (see FIG. figure 8 ). The fins 34 and the convex upstream wall 36 thus form a U-shaped channel 37 opening downstream 38. The annular element 18 thus comprises three radial channels 37, connected to each other at the center C of the central duct 17.

Les ailettes 34 viennent de moulage en une seule pièce avec l'élément annulaire 18, l'ensemble étant par exemple réalisé en matériau synthétique ou en aluminium.The fins 34 are molded in one piece with the annular element 18, the assembly being for example made of synthetic material or aluminum.

Selon une variante de réalisation, l'ensemble formé par les ailettes peut être fixé de façon amovible sur l'élément annulaire 18, par exemple par encliquetage.According to an alternative embodiment, the assembly formed by the fins may be removably attached to the annular element 18, for example by snapping.

Chaque canal 37 débouche en outre au travers de la paroi interne 19 de l'élément annulaire 19, comme cela est mieux visible à la figure 6, de manière à communiquer avec le conduit périphérique 16.Each channel 37 opens further through the inner wall 19 of the annular element 19, as is better visible at the figure 6 , so as to communicate with the peripheral duct 16.

Le bord amont 35 des ailettes 14 est situé en amont de l'extrémité 20 de la paroi interne 19, à une distance de l'ordre de 10 mm.The upstream edge 35 of the fins 14 is located upstream of the end 20 of the inner wall 19, at a distance of the order of 10 mm.

Le bord aval des ailettes est situé en aval de l'extrémité libre 20 de la paroi interne 19, à une distance de l'ordre de 10 mm.The downstream edge of the fins is located downstream of the free end 20 of the inner wall 19 at a distance of the order of 10 mm.

La largeur de chaque canal 37, c'est-à-dire l'écartement entre deux ailettes 34 d'une même paire, est de l'ordre 4 mm.The width of each channel 37, that is to say the spacing between two fins 34 of the same pair, is of the order of 4 mm.

L'élément annulaire 18 ainsi que le divergent 15 sont réalisées en matériau synthétique, le corps 11 étant réalisé en fonte.The annular element 18 and the divergent 15 are made of synthetic material, the body 11 being made of cast iron.

Dans la forme de réalisation représentée au dessin, le bord aval 39 des ailettes 34 s'étend selon un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe C du conduit central 17. Selon une autre possibilité non représentée, le bord aval 38 de chaque canal 37 présente un profil courbe ou en pente de manière à ce que la longueur des ailettes 34 en périphérie du conduit central soit plus importante qu'au niveau du centre de celui-ci.In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the downstream edge 39 of the fins 34 extends in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis C of the central duct 17. According to another possibility not shown, the downstream edge 38 of each channel 37 presents a curved or sloping profile so that the length of the fins 34 at the periphery of the central duct is greater than at the center thereof.

Le fonctionnement du mélangeur 7 va maintenant être décrit plus en détail.The operation of the mixer 7 will now be described in more detail.

Lorsque de l'air est amené dans le conduit central 17, le flux d'air F traverse successivement le convergent 12, 19 et le divergent 15.When air is brought into the central duct 17, the air flow F passes successively through the convergent 12, 19 and the divergent 15.

Parallèlement, le venturi crée une aspiration du gaz combustible contenu dans le conduit périphérique 16, alimenté par la conduite 4 correspondante.In parallel, the venturi creates an aspiration of the combustible gas contained in the peripheral duct 16, fed by the corresponding duct 4.

Une partie du gaz combustible ainsi aspiré traverse l'ouverture annulaire 22 et débouche en périphérie du conduit central 17, et une autre partie de celui-ci entre dans les canaux 37 et progresse en direction du centre C du conduit central 17.Part of the fuel gas thus sucked passes through the annular opening 22 and opens out at the periphery of the central duct 17, and another part of it enters the channels 37 and progresses towards the center C of the central duct 17.

Le gaz combustible s'échappe progressivement des canaux 37 par le bord aval 38, sous l'effet de l'aspiration créée par le flux d'air F. En fonction du nombre, des dimensions et de la forme des canaux 37, il est possible d'ajuster le profil de répartition du gaz combustible dans le conduit central 17.The combustible gas escapes progressively from the channels 37 via the downstream edge 38, under the effect of the suction created by the air flow F. Depending on the number, dimensions and shape of the channels 37, it is it is possible to adjust the distribution profile of the combustible gas in the central duct 17.

On comprendra que la partie du gaz combustible aspiré dans le canal 37 correspondant n'est pas amenée en totalité au niveau du centre du conduit central 17 mais que du gaz combustible s'échappe sur tout le trajet formé par ledit canal 37.It will be understood that the part of the fuel gas sucked into the corresponding channel 37 is not brought entirely at the center of the central duct 17 but that fuel gas escapes throughout the path formed by said channel 37.

Les figures 10 et 11 représentent d'autres modes de réalisation de l'élément annulaire.The Figures 10 and 11 represent other embodiments of the annular element.

Dans la forme de réalisation représentée à la figure 10, les canaux 37 d'amenée du gaz combustible ne s'étendent pas jusqu'à centre C du conduit central 17 mais sont liés par un anneau 39, creux ou plein, disposé de manière concentrique par rapport à la bague externe 29.In the embodiment shown in figure 10 , the channels 37 for supplying the fuel gas do not extend to center C of the central duct 17 but are connected by a ring 39, hollow or solid, arranged concentrically with respect to the outer ring 29.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 11, les canaux 37, bien qu'étant dirigés vers l'intérieur du canal central 17, ne s'étendent pas radialement et ne sont pas liés les uns autres.In the embodiment of the figure 11 the channels 37, although directed inwardly of the central channel 17, do not extend radially and are not connected to each other.

Le nombre de canaux 37 peut également varier en fonction des besoins. L'élément annulaire 18 comporte toutefois préférentiellement deux ou trois canaux 37.The number of channels 37 can also vary according to the needs. The annular element 18, however, preferably comprises two or three channels 37.

Comme il va de soi, l'invention ne se limite pas aux seules formes de réalisation de ce mélangeur, décrites ci-dessus à titre d'exemples. C'est ainsi notamment que le mélangeur selon l'invention pourrait être utilisé pour une chaudière à combustibles gazeux.As goes without saying, the invention is not limited to the embodiments of this mixer, described above as examples. Thus, in particular, the mixer according to the invention could be used for a gaseous fuel boiler.

Claims (11)

  1. A mixer (7) for a boiler, including an enclosure (11, 15) delimiting a central air intake conduit (17) and a peripheral fuel gas intake conduit (16), disposed around the central conduit (17), the central conduit (17) exhibiting successively, along the flowing direction of air (F), a convergent zone (12, 19) and a divergent zone (15, 26), the peripheral conduit (16) opening into the central conduit (17), via an annular opening (22) disposed between the convergent zone (12, 19) and the divergent zone (15, 26) so that the air flowing in the central conduit (17) causes a depression which drives, by the Venturi effect, the fuel gas in the central conduit (17),
    characterized in that it includes a plurality of fins (34), extending substantially transversally in the central conduit (17), the fins (34) being arranged at least in pairs, each pair of fins (34) delimiting a fuel gas supply channel (37) extending from the annular opening (22) toward the inside of the central conduit (17), each channel (37) exhibiting a general U-shape, opening on the downstream side (38) and being closed on the upstream side (35), along the flowing direction of the fluid.
  2. The mixer according to claim 1, characterized in that the enclosure includes a tubular body (11) inside which there is mounted a tubular-shaped divergent (15), the outer wall of the divergent (15) and the inner wall of the body (11) delimiting the peripheral conduit (16), the inner wall of the divergent (15) delimiting the divergent zone (26) of the central conduit (17), an annular element (18) being mounted between a convergent zone (12) of the body (11) and the tubular divergent (15), said annular element (18) including an inner wall (19) converging along the flowing direction of air (F) and the downstream end (20) of which is spaced away, toward the inside of the central conduit (17), from the upstream end (21) of the divergent (15) so as to delimit the annular opening (22) serving to the suction of the fuel gas in the central conduit (17).
  3. The mixer according to claim 2, characterized in that the fins (34) are formed by molding with the annular element (18).
  4. The mixer according to any of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that each fuel gas supply channel (37) opens through the convergent inner wall (19) of the annular element (18).
  5. The mixer according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fins (34) extend downstream of the annular opening (22) serving to the suction of the fuel gas in the central conduit (17).
  6. The mixer according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the base of the U-shape of each fuel gas supply channel (37) exhibits a convex wall (36).
  7. The mixer according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the width of each fuel gas intake channel (37) is comprised between 2 and 8 mm, preferably in the order of 4 mm.
  8. The mixer according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the distance between the annular opening (22) and the downstream edge (38) of the fins (34) is comprised between 0.5 and 2 cm.
  9. The mixer according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the distance between the annular opening (22) and the upstream edge (35) of the fins (34) is comprised between 0.5 and 2 cm.
  10. The mixer according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it includes two or three fuel gas supply channels (37).
  11. The mixer according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fuel gas supply channels (37) extend radially.
EP20090170672 2008-09-18 2009-09-18 Mischer für Kessel Not-in-force EP2166285B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0805138A FR2936040B1 (en) 2008-09-18 2008-09-18 BOILER MIXER

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2166285A1 EP2166285A1 (en) 2010-03-24
EP2166285B1 true EP2166285B1 (en) 2014-12-24

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EP (1) EP2166285B1 (en)
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FR (1) FR2936040B1 (en)

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IT201600102245A1 (en) 2016-10-12 2018-04-12 System Holz S R L ARTICULATED HINGE SHOCK ABSORBER HINGE

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8603136A (en) * 1986-12-09 1988-07-01 Tno GAS CARBURETOR.
NL9500563A (en) * 1995-03-23 1996-11-01 Tno Venturi mixing device.
DE19729047C1 (en) * 1997-07-08 1998-09-24 Honeywell Bv Air mixer for gas burner
DE19743464C1 (en) 1997-10-01 1998-11-12 Honeywell Bv Venturi nozzle for mixing gas-burner air-gas charge
IT1315743B1 (en) * 2000-10-03 2003-03-18 Sit La Precisa Spa IMPROVED AIR-GAS MIXER DEVICE.
JP4989062B2 (en) 2005-04-28 2012-08-01 バブコック日立株式会社 Fluid mixing device

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EP2166285A1 (en) 2010-03-24
ES2531456T3 (en) 2015-03-16
FR2936040A1 (en) 2010-03-19
FR2936040B1 (en) 2010-08-27

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