FR2763390A1 - VENTILATION SYSTEM WITH ADDITIONAL AIR INJECTION FOR DRAFT ASSISTANCE - Google Patents

Abstract

Installation for natural ventilation of at least one room (2) of a building (3), comprising an air supply system (1), inside the room (2) and a system of extraction of air (40) from said same part (2). The air supply system (40) comprises a main column (41), the downstream end of which opens onto a discharge zone (42) and the upstream end of which is closed; and at least one extraction mouth (43) opening onto the part (2). The air supply system comprises a main duct (4) having its downstream end (4a) closed and its upstream end (4b) opening onto a first air source (5), and comprising at least one outlet air supply (6); and at least a first additional air injection device (7) to aid the draft.

Description

The invention relates to an air supply system &

  the interior of at least one room in a building.

  This system comprises a main conduit extending substantially vertically, the downstream end of which is closed and the upstream end opens onto a first

air source.

  The main duct comprises at least one air intake mouth, mounted on the main duct between its upstream and downstream ends and leading to a

respective room.

  The system also includes at least a first additional air injection device for the two draws, positioned towards the upstream end of the main duct. This first injection device has the function of driving, towards the downstream end of the main duct,

  air from the first air source.

  This drive is activated by air induction

additional.

  Thus, the air flow introduced into the

pieces is increased.

  Such a system can also include means for filtering and / or treating the air coming from the first air source, these means being arranged towards

  the upstream end of the main conduit.

  You can also filter, treat, heat or cool the additional air injected by the first

injection device.

  According to the invention, different embodiments

  of the first injection device can be envisaged.

  Thus, in a first embodiment, the first injection device comprises: - a section of duct, of which a first end is arranged and opens out towards the upstream end of the main duct and whose second end opens out into a second source d 'air; - additional air injection means, mounted inside the main duct at the junction of the latter with the first end of the duct section; the additional air injected from the second air source, and circulating in the duct section, being injected into the main duct, in the same direction of circulation as the air coming from the first

air source.

  We can consider that the first and the second

air sources are separate.

  In one embodiment, the injection means comprise: - at least one injection nozzle or the like, located inside the main duct, and carried by it; and - at least one injection pipe, connecting the or

the nozzles to the pipe section.

  This embodiment of the injection device can also include means for selective control of the operation of the different nozzles and possibly one or more walls in the form of a venturi, placed downstream of the injection nozzles. According to a second embodiment of the invention, the first injection device comprises: - a section of conduit forming part of the main conduit; and - a part surrounded by the main duct, and positioned, coaxially, upstream of a part

end of the pipe section.

  Said part is in the form of a sleeve, forming an internal passage for additional air and comprising, a plurality of hollow grooves extending on its external surface, from an internal free end edge, to an area

peripheral.

  The hollow grooves have the function of delimiting, with the pipe section, channels for

  the introduction of additional air.

  In addition, the peripheral zone has the function of delimiting with said section of conduit a space of

collect additional air.

  More specifically, the part comprises a first part in the form of a crown, which defines the grooves and comprises the peripheral zone, and a second part forming a support, the first part being mounted on the

second part.

  The duct section comprises a first portion coming opposite and close to the external surface of the part comprising the grooves, so as to form channels for the introduction of additional air; and a second portion, facing and spaced from the peripheral zone to form, between the corresponding external surface of the part and said second portion, an annular space, forming an air collection chamber

additional.

  At least one air introduction orifice is provided on the second portion, so as to open into said chamber. Air supply means communicate with the

collection chamber through the orifice.

  The second part of the part is introduced into the main conduit downstream of a second section making

part of said main duct.

  It is also possible to provide an intermediate piece surrounding the first injection device at least in

look of the grooves.

  The invention also relates to an installation for the natural ventilation of at least one room in a building, comprising an air supply system inside said room, as just described,

  and an air extraction system from said same room.

  The installation comprises: - a main column, extending substantially vertically, the downstream end of which opens onto a discharge zone, and the upstream end of which is closed; and - at least one extraction mouth, mounted on the main column, between the upstream end and the downstream end, and leading to a respective part. The installation also comprises a second additional air injection device, substantially identical to the first injection device of the air supply system, and positioned towards the downstream end of the

main column.

  The air extraction system may further comprise, spaced at a certain distance from the downstream end of the main column, a static or statomechanical vacuum cleaner. The first air source of the air supply system can be separate or located in the exhaust area,

  into which the main column opens.

  In the second case, the installation may further comprise a second column surrounding the main column, and opening on the one hand into the evacuation zone, and on the other hand, into a supply pipe, connected to the main conduit. the air supply system; the space separating the main column from the second column receiving the air coming from the exhaust zone, which is then entrained in the supply pipe, then the main duct of the air supply system. Such an installation has the particular advantage of being able to naturally ventilate a room,

  simple, efficient and inexpensive way.

  Furthermore, the second embodiment of the installation of the invention - which comprises the second column - has the further advantage that the air coming from the exhaust zone can be warmed naturally, by its contact with the main column, as it passes between the second column and the main column

in the direction of the supply pipe.

  The invention will be better understood in the light of the

  detailed description which follows, with reference to the drawings

  attached, given by way of nonlimiting examples.

  Figure 1 is a schematic view illustrating an installation for the natural ventilation of several rooms of a building, according to a first mode of

realization of the invention.

  Figures 2 and 3 schematically represent two variants of the additional air injection device. Figures 4 and 5 show two variants of additional air injection means, which can be

  used in the injection device of figure 2.

  Finally, FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating an installation for the natural ventilation of at least one room in a building, according to a second

  embodiment of the invention.

  The invention firstly relates to an air supply system, referenced 1 in FIGS. 1 and 6, inside at least one room 2 of a building 3,

  for example residential housing.

  In the present invention, the term "air" means

  natural air or any other gaseous fluid.

  Figures 1 and 6 schematically represent a part of a building 3 comprising several rooms 2

  arranged on several floors 2a, 2b.

  The air supply system 1 comprises a main duct 4, extending substantially vertically, through the building from one floor 2a to another floor 2b, and

  between two neighboring rooms 2 on the same floor 2a, 2b.

  In the rest of the text, the expression "upstream" means any end part of an element,

  located towards the lower part 3a of building 3, that is - & -

  say on the foundations side of the building; and - "downstream", any extreme part of an element, located towards the upper part 3b of building 3, that is to say of the

opposite side to its foundations.

  The downstream end 4a of the main duct 4 is thus located close to the upper part 3b of the building

3, and is closed.

  In addition, the upstream end 4b of the main duct is located towards the lower part 3a of the building 3 and opens onto a first air source 5 such as by

example a specific part.

  The main duct 4 has a substantially circular cross section in the embodiments shown, with the exception of FIG. 4, o

  the section is substantially square.

  One or more air intake vents 6 are mounted on the main duct 4, substantially

next to each room 2.

  More specifically, in the embodiments of Figures 1 and 6, these air intake vents 6 correspond respectively to the free end of a conduit 6a, of shunt type, bent, and a portion of which extends substantially parallel to the main duct 4 substantially following

the height of a room 2.

  The portion of the conduit 6a, which is mounted on the main conduit 4, is in turn substantially

perpendicular to the duct 4.

  It is also possible to provide that the air intake vents 6 are pricked directly onto the main duct 4 or by means of a single extending duct.

  substantially perpendicular to the conduit 4.

  The air from the first air source 5 is naturally introduced into the main duct 4 from its upstream end 4b towards its downstream end 4a, and is thus distributed in each of the rooms 2, via the vents

inlet 6.

  In order to activate this air entrainment inside the main duct 4, at least one first additional air injection device 7 is positioned towards

  the upstream end 4b of the main conduit 4.

  More specifically, the first injection device 7 is disposed downstream and close to the first air source 5. The air flow introduced into the rooms 2 will thus be activated, without increasing the power

  injection from the first air source 5.

  Different embodiments of the first additional air injection device 7 can be envisaged. Only two embodiments will be described in the following text, it being understood that others may be

  envisaged, without departing from the scope of the invention.

  According to a first embodiment, shown in FIG. 2, the first air injection device 7 comprises a section of duct 8, a first end 8a of which is disposed and opens out towards the upstream end 4b of the main duct 4, and whose second

  end 8b leads to a second air source 9.

  This section of conduit 8 is thus mounted in connection

  on the main duct 4 towards its upstream end 4b.

  At least one injection pipe 10 opens on the one hand at 10a, in the pipe section 8, towards its first end 8a, and on the other hand, at 10ob, inside the

main duct 4.

  On the side of the free end 10b of the injection pipe 10, this is connected to at least one nozzle

injection 11 or the like.

  The nozzle (s) 11 are thus located inside the main duct 4 and can optionally be

worn by him.

  The injection duct (s) 10 and the nozzle (s) 11 together form air injection means

additional 12.

  In this embodiment, the injection duct (s) 10 are located substantially upstream of the nozzles 11 so as not to hinder the flow of drive air coming from them. In the embodiment of Figure 2, the injection conduit 10 extends substantially horizontally

  and has only a single nozzle 11.

  This nozzle 11 is located substantially along the axis D of the main duct 4. Its free end, through which the additional air is ejected, is directed towards

  the downstream end 4a of the main duct 4.

  In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the first and second air sources 5, 9 are separate.

  We can nevertheless foresee that they are common.

  Air from the second air source 9 circulates inside the duct section 8 from its second end 8b to the end 10a of the duct

  injection 10, along arrow F2.

  It then circulates in the injection pipe 10 to be ejected by the nozzle 11. Different embodiments of the means

  injection 12 can be considered.

  Thus, as in the embodiments of Figures 2 and 4, one can only provide a single injection nozzle 11, central, located in the axis D, or substantially

  in the axis D, of the main duct 4.

  As a variant, it is possible to provide a plurality of injection nozzles 11 located in the immediate vicinity of this axis D. According to other embodiments such as that shown in FIG. 5, several injection nozzles 11 are provided arranged in different places. of the duct

  4, in the axis D and / or separated from it.

  This plurality of injection nozzles 11 is located substantially either in the same transverse plane of the duct 4 (not shown), or in several transverse planes,

  as shown in Figure 5.

  In the latter case, the transverse planes of

  nozzles include an upstream plane P1 and a downstream plane P2.

  In the upstream plane P1 is one or more central nozzles or peripheral nozzles (Figure 5). In the downstream plane P2, there are peripheral nozzles, or

  one or more central nozzles (Figure 5).

  More generally, in the case where there is a plurality of injection nozzles 11, this plurality comprises one or more central nozzles 11 'located in or near the axis D and / or one or more peripheral nozzles 11 "located near the wall 4c of the conduit 4 and / or a plurality of median nozzles (not

  shown) located between the axis D and the wall 4c.

  The peripheral nozzles 11 "and median are, in one embodiment, regularly distributed around the axis D, either discretely or continuously. For example, these nozzles can be arranged in the form of a crown. In all cases, the different nozzles 11, 11 ', 11 "are arranged relative to each other so as not to substantially obstruct the passage of air which comes from upstream of the duct 4. In fact, it is desirable that the air flow does not be not too disturbed by

the presence of the injection nozzles.

  In another embodiment (not shown), the injection nozzles 11 are arranged in rows and columns and are carried by a perforated plate located in the duct 4 while being carried by it. This plate is either

flat, or curved.

  In the case where a plurality of injection nozzles 11 are provided, the injection device 7 generally comprises selective control means (not shown) for the operation of the different nozzles. In fact, it is not necessarily compulsory that all the nozzles operate continuously and in the same way. According to a possible alternative embodiment, the physical characteristics of the flow of drive air injected by the different nozzles 11 such as flow rate, speed or opening of the beam are identical or similar. On the contrary, according to another variant, they are differentiated according to the nozzles and according to the requirements required. For example, the flow rate and the speed may be greater for a central nozzle 11 ′ than for a

11 "peripheral nozzle.

  Furthermore, these physical characteristics can be either constant over time, or variable depending on the requirements required for proper operation. To this end, the injection device 7 may include means for adjusting these

physical characteristics.

  Thus, all or part of the nozzles will be inactive and

  no air will be injected when the draft is sufficient.

  On the contrary, all the nozzles will be in operation

  when the natural draft will be insufficient.

  Furthermore, the spacing between the different injection nozzles 11 and the downstream end 4a of the conduit 4 is either identical or differentiated according to the nozzles 11 in

  based on the requirements for proper operation.

  This spacing is either constant over time,

be variable.

  In the latter case, one or some nozzles are mounted adjustable to slide parallel to the axis D

as described below.

  Given that the injection duct (s) 10 are located essentially upstream of the injection nozzles

  11, the space downstream of the nozzles is free.

  However, according to another embodiment shown more particularly in FIG. 2, one or more wall 13 in the form of a venturi can be provided placed downstream

  injection nozzles 11 and associated with them.

  For example, there may be provided a wall in the form of a venturi adjoining the wall 4c of the conduit 4 (not shown) or / and a wall in the form of a venturi for one or more injection nozzles, in particular of the same kind, such as

  than central (Figure 2), peripheral or median.

  Also, according to another embodiment not shown, there may be provided in the conduit 4, downstream of the nozzles 11, a diffuser (not shown) allowing

  entrainment air to have proper laminar flow.

  The injection nozzles 11 or equivalent can also be the subject of different variant embodiments. For example, an injection nozzle 11 can be chosen to provide an injection flow in the form of a narrow beam or in the form of a wide beam or in

spiral jet shape.

  The axis of the flow of gaseous drive fluid from a nozzle 11 can be either fixed or movable. In the first case, this axis is either parallel to the axis D (Figures 2, 5 and 6), or inclined relative to it. In the second case, the injection device 7 is provided with means for moving the axis of the displaceable nozzles and means for controlling these displacement means (not shown). According to another aspect, the injection device 7 also comprises means for modulating the flow rate and / or the speed of the flow of the drive air as a function of the required requirements. Such modulation means include in particular means for controlling the triggering of the injection of the gaseous drive fluid such as clock, temperature probe,

pressure switch or hydrostatic probe.

  According to a characteristic of the invention, the injection nozzle (s) 11 have a generally fixed position in the duct 4, at least as regards their spacing by

relative to the axis D of said conduit 4.

  According to a variant embodiment not shown, at least one or some nozzles are mounted sliding adjustable parallel to this axis D between two positions

  extremes respectively distal and proximal.

  In such an embodiment, the injection device 7 comprises sliding guide means of the injection nozzle (s) 11, which are adjustable to slide. The device also includes means for driving the nozzles and means for controlling said nozzles.

training means.

  For example, the nozzles can be mounted on

  sections of pipes slidably mounted one inside the other.

  Or, the nozzles can be carried by a system such as a deformable parallelogram while being joined

  to the injection pipe 10 by flexible pipes.

  These embodiments are not exclusive of others. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the injection device 7 comprises a single nozzle 11 which extends along the axis D of the duct 4, of section

substantially square transverse.

  The nozzle 11 is held in a fixed position inside the main duct 4 by means of parts forming springs 14a and 14b, rigidly fixed to the walls

4c of the main duct 15.

  More specifically, these parts forming springs 14a, 14b, are respectively in the form of a rod, for example metallic, partially wound, towards its

  center, around the body of the nozzle 11.

  Once mounted on the nozzle 11, each of the rods 14a, 14b has a length substantially equal to the distance separating two opposite walls 4c from the main duct - or to the diameter of the duct 4 in the case o

  this would have a circular cross section.

  The rods 14a and 14b are intended to be in two extreme positions: a first extreme position, in which their ends 15 are not in contact with the walls 4c, the nozzle 11 can thus be moved freely; and - a second extreme position, in which the ends 15 are in close contact, against a wall 4c of the

main duct 4.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 4, a part 10a of the injection pipe 10 extends substantially perpendicular to the general direction of the nozzle 11, and therefore of the axis D, along a diagonal D 'of the section

square cross section of the duct 4.

  This injection pipe part 10a is connected, on the side opposite to the nozzle 11, on the one hand to a second part 0lob, opening into the pipe section 8, as indicated above; and on the other hand to a tube 16 extending substantially parallel to the axis D. The tube 16 is hollow and connected to a lever 17,

outside the main duct 4.

  Inside the tube 16, and along its walls, is disposed a cable, connected on the one hand to the lever 17, and on the other hand to a respective end 15 of each rod

14a, 14b.

  The operation of the lever 17 makes it possible to tension or

loosen the cable 18.

  The tension of the cable 18 will bring the two rods 14a and 14b towards each other, in their first extreme position, that is to say substantially parallel to the

  first part of the injection pipe 10a.

  In this position, the nozzle 11 will then be free to

  any axial, radial or other displacement.

  In addition, in an opposite and locked position of the lever 17, the cable 18 will be relaxed and allow the spacing of the rods 14a and 14b relative to each other until their second extreme position. The nozzle

  will then be locked in its position.

  Thus, to pass from the first to the second extreme position, the rods 14a and 14b exert relative to each other movements similar to the two

branches of a pair of scissors.

  Locking means allow the blocking of the

  lever 17 in each of the extreme positions.

  It is understood that the rigid fixing device of a nozzle which has just been described, can quite be adapted to other types of nozzles than those shown in FIG. 4, and to other main conduits 4 of different cross section, as circular as indicated above. We can also consider other forms or

  provisions of the injection pipe 10 and the tube 16.

  One could for example provide that the tube 16 comprises several pipes mounted to slide one inside the other, which would make it possible to adjust the nozzle (s) 11 & sliding parallel to the axis D, as indicated previously. In addition, in the case of a plurality of nozzles 11, it is possible to provide as many rigid fixing devices

that there are nozzles 11.

  As shown in FIG. 2, provision can be made for the first injection device 7 to comprise, towards the second end 8b of the section of duct 8 and downstream of the second air source 9, successively drive production means additional air 19, such as for example drive means (fans or the like), and / or means 20 for filtering and / or treating the additional air, and / or means 21 allowing the

  heating or cooling the additional air.

  The means 19, 20 and 21 are of the type conventionally used in air evacuation devices of

prior art.

  Finally, in this first embodiment of the first air injection device 7, it is also possible to provide means 22 for filtering and / or treating the air coming from the first source 5, of the same type as the

means 20.

  These means 22 can for example be arranged inside the main duct 4, upstream from the first end 8a of the duct section 8 and therefore means

injection 12.

  However, provision could be made for the filtering and / or treatment means 22 to be arranged downstream of the

injection means 12.

  In this case they would have the function of filtering the combined initial air & the additional air coming from

the second source.

  We now describe a second embodiment of the first air injection device 7, such

  than that shown in Figure 3.

  The injection device 7 comprises a section of pipe 23 forming part of the main pipe 4 and a part 24 surrounded by the main pipe 4, and positioned, coaxially, upstream of a part

  end 23a of the section of conduit 23.

  Said part 24 is in the form of a hollow sleeve, of longitudinal axis L, and forming an internal passage 24 'for the air coming from the first

air source 5.

  In the embodiment shown, the sleeve 24 is formed by two adjoining hollow parts 24a and 24b

and coaxial.

  The first part 24a is formed by an internal surface 25 and an external surface 27 extending along the axis L. The internal surface 25 has a constant, substantially circular cross section. She

  thus has a substantially cylindrical shape.

  The peripheral wall 26 of the sleeve has a certain thickness, not constant, along the axis L. More specifically, the outer surface 27 has

a substantially frustoconical shape.

  In the embodiment shown, the external surface 27 is inclined with respect to the internal surface 25, or with respect to the longitudinal axis L, at an angle of between approximately 5 and 30, and by

preferably around 10. This outer surface 27 is thus delimited on the one hand by an edge

  extreme free of small section, referenced in 27a, and on the other hand, by a large edge

section, referenced in 27b.

  The outer surface 27 has in the direction L of the grooves 6, extending from the edge of small section 27a to a peripheral area 27c, excluded, itself delimited by the edge of large section 27b. The grooves 28 are substantially axial in the present case. They can also be helical, or

of any other form.

  We could also foresee that they be

  inclined with respect to the axis L by an angle less than 40.

  The peripheral zone 27c is substantially smooth. One could also foresee that it also includes

splines 28.

  This peripheral zone 27c extends over approximately one

  quarter to one eighth, preferably 1 / 6th of the height -

  counted along the axis L- of the first part 24a, at

  from the edge of large section 27b.

  The grooves 28 are regularly arranged on the outer surface of the sleeve 24 around its axis L and are sufficiently large in number to be

substantially neighboring.

  The second part 24b of the part 24 is adjacent and coaxial to the first, on the side opposite the edge of the small

section 27a.

  More specifically, the second part 24b is

  adjoining the peripheral zone 27c by the edge 27b.

  In the present case, the sleeve 24 is in one piece.

* One could nevertheless provide that the first and second parts 24a, 24b are separate and assembled

rigidly to each other.

  The second part 24b has, in the extension of the cylindrical inner surface 25, an inner surface 30 of the same shape over about a quarter to

  an eighth, and more specifically 1 / 6th, of its height -

  counted along the axis L- from edge 27b, then from

substantially frustoconical shape.

  The large base 30b of this frustoconical interior surface 30 is the furthest from the cylindrical surface 25 along the axis L. It could also be provided that the interior surface 30 of the second part 24b is of frustoconical shape from the edge 27b. The small base 30a of this frustoconical interior surface 30 would correspond

  thus at the edge of the cylindrical inner surface 25.

  In the embodiment shown, the frustoconical interior surface 30 of the second part 24b has an inclination relative to the cylindrical interior surface 25, and therefore to the axis L, included

  between around 10 and 40, especially around 25.

  The outer surface 31 of the second part 24b has a substantially circular section, with a diameter greater than that of the outer surface 27 of the first part 24a. More specifically, the surface

  outer 31 has a substantially cylindrical shape.

  As shown, the outer surface 31 has a radial offset 32 towards the outside, relative to

the outer surface 27.

  This radial step 32 thus substantially forms the boundary between the first and the second parts 24a, 24b. This radial recess 32 comprises means 32a allowing the attachment of an element such as a section of

leads for example.

  These fixing means 32a are materialized by at least one orifice, for example threaded, formed in the thickness of the second part 24b and extending substantially parallel to the axis L, from the radial recess 32. This orifice is suitable to receive an element of substantially complementary shape, such as a screw. Ports 32b of the same type, extending substantially perpendicular to the axis L and adapted to receive, for example, a screw for fixing a complementary part on the lower end part of the

second part 24b.

  The part 24 is for example made of metal.

  At least the first part 24a of the part 24 comprising the grooves 28 is embedded inside

  the end portion 23a of the duct section.

  This assembly is carried out in a rigid but removable manner, for example using bolts or a strapping,

or the like.

  Furthermore, the assembly is carried out so that the part 24 extends coaxially with the section of

conduit 23.

  The duct section 23 comprises at least two portions 33, 35 whose walls, both internal and external,

  are substantially smooth and straight.

  The first portion 33 is opposite and close to the outer surface 27 of the part 24, comprising the grooves 6, so as to form channels for the introduction of additional air, between two

adjacent flutes.

  The second portion 35, adjoining the first 33, is opposite and separated from the peripheral zone 27c, so as to form between them an annular space forming an additional air collection chamber 36, peripheral. In this case, the second portion 35 forms

  an extreme part of the section of conduit 23a.

  The duct section 23 has a section

substantially circular.

  The first portion 33 of the duct section 23a has a substantially frustoconical shape, the small base of which is situated substantially opposite the free edge 27a of the part 24, and the large base of which is situated substantially opposite the limit between the grooves 28 and the area

device 27c.

  In addition, the second portion 35 of the section of conduit 23 has a substantially cylindrical shape, a radial shoulder 33a towards the outside forming the junction.

  between the first 33 and the second 35 portions.

  The section of the second portion 35 is therefore of dimension greater than that of the first

portion 33.

  In addition, the space separating the second portion 35 from the first portion 24a is larger than that separating

  the first portion 33 of the first part 24a.

  The space provided between the first portion 33, respectively the second portion 35, and the part 24, can be adjusted by the interposition of shims (not shown) between the radial recess 32 and

  the free end 35a of the duct section 23.

  The collection chamber 36 is in communication with air supply means 37, such as at least one pipe, connected to the second portion 35, via at least one

  orifice, opening into said chamber 36.

  In the embodiment shown, the air supply means 37 are located substantially at the level of the

radial offset 32.

  The air supply means 37 are connected to a second air source 9, separate, in this case, from

the first air source 5.

  As in the embodiment of the injection device 7 in FIG. 2, it is possible to provide, between the second source 9 and the air supply orifice, means for producing air drive. additional 19, and / or means 20 for filtering and / or treating this air, and / or means 21 for heating or cooling

of it.

  The pipe section 23 is extended from the first portion 33, on the side opposite the second

  portion 35, by a portion of free section 34.

  This portion of free section 34 has a substantially frustoconical shape, the small section 34a of which adjoins the first portion 33 and the large section

  34b is located on the opposite side from the part 24.

  The small section 34a is thus identical and

  combined with the small section of the first portion 33.

  This "hourglass" shape gives the system a venturi effect. In this case, the free section portion 34

  is formed in one piece with the pipe section 23.

  At least part of the second part 24b of the part 24 is embedded in a second section of conduit

  38 connected and coaxial to the main duct 4.

  Where appropriate, means 22 for filtering and / or treating the air coming from the first source 5, are interposed between the second section 38 and the duct

main 4.

  In order to seal the injection device 1, provision is made for placing a part

intermediate 39.

  This intermediate piece 39 surrounds the first part 24a of the piece 24, comprising the grooves 28, and

  at least the first portion 33 of the duct section 23.

  More specifically, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the intermediate piece 39 surrounds, along the axis L, at least part of the portion of free section 34, the first portion 33, the second portion 35, at least one part of the second part 24b of the part 24, until it comes into substantial abutment against the second

section 38.

  It also extends coaxially with the duct section 23 and the part 24 and is rigidly fixed.

  coaxially with the main duct 4.

  Thus, in the embodiment shown, the intermediate piece 39 has two adjoining sections, of substantially cylindrical shape. One of the sections 39a, of smaller section, surrounds the duct section 23, while the other section 39b, surrounds the second part

24b of room 24.

  The junction of the two sections 39a and 39b is

  performed at the radial offset 32.

  In this embodiment, the additional air, coming from the second source 9, is introduced via the supply duct 37, inside the

collection 36.

  This additional air is then conveyed in the main duct 4 via the channels formed by means of the grooves 28 and formed between the first portion of

  section 33 and the first part 24a of the part 24.

  This additional air is thus introduced inside the main duct 4, along the walls of

  the portion of free section 34, according to the arrows F '.

  The additional air is therefore introduced peripherally, and not centrally, and goes

  entrain the naturally evacuated gaseous fluid.

  It should be noted that the additional gaseous fluid can be injected through the grooves at a speed of between 20 and 160 meters per second approximately, which considerably increases the drive speed of

the initial look.

  In a second step, the invention relates to an installation for the natural ventilation of at least one

room 2 of a building 3.

  This installation, represented according to two variants in FIGS. 1 and 6, comprises an air supply system 1, of the type defined above, allowing the introduction of the air inside a room 2 at least, as previously indicated; and a system

  extracting air 40 from said part 2.

  Thus, as is clearly represented in FIGS. 1 and 6, in each room 2, air is introduced, by means of the air supply system 1, and air

  is evacuated by means of the air extraction system 40.

  In the embodiments of Figures 1 and 6, the air extraction system 40 comprises a main column 41 extending substantially vertically, and distinctly from the main duct 4 of the system

air supply 1.

  More precisely, on each side of each part 2 are located, on the one hand the main conduit 4, and

  on the other hand, the main column 41.

  In the present embodiments, the main column 41 has a cross section

substantially circular.

  Other shapes, such as square, are fine

heard possible.

  The downstream end 41a of the main column leads to an evacuation zone 42. This evacuation zone 42 is located outside

of building 3.

  In addition, the upstream end 4lb of the main column, which is located towards the lower end 3b

of building 3, is closed.

  At least one extraction mouth 43 is mounted on the main column 41, between the end

  upstream 4lb and the downstream end 41a.

  Each extraction mouth 43 opens onto a

respective room 2.

  The extraction vents 43 are of the same type as the air intake vents 6 which have been described

  previously with respect to the air supply system 1.

  The air coming from the parts 2 is thus entrained towards the evacuation zone 42 in the direction indicated by

the arrows F2.

  A second additional air injection device 44 is mounted towards the downstream end 41a of the

main column 41.

  Preferably, this second injection device

  air is placed outside the building 3.

  It will thus activate the training of

  air to exhaust area 42.

  This second air injection device 44 is substantially identical to the first injection device 7, two variants of which have been described above, in

reference to Figures 2 and 3.

  Downstream of this second air injection device 44, the air extraction system 40 further comprises, spaced at a certain distance from the downstream end 41a of the main column 41, a static vacuum cleaner or

statomechanics 45.

  It is understood that the air extraction system 40 may not include the second injection device 44

and / or the vacuum cleaner 45.

  A static vacuum cleaner, such as 45, or a static or dynamic vacuum cleaner, can be

  many variants.

  In particular, with regard to vacuum cleaners

  static, refer to the descriptions in the

  following documents: FR-A-2 658 271, FR-A-2 709 533,

  FR-A-2 709 534, FR-A-2 374 591, FR-A-2 438 795,

FR-A-2 518 710.

  We will now describe the static vacuum cleaner 19, more specifically with reference to Figures 1 and 6, it being understood that a statomechanical or dynamic vacuum cleaner

  may have a similar shape.

  The static vacuum cleaner 45 is of the type comprising a lower part 46, an upper part 47 coaxial with an axis 48. These lower parts 46 and upper 47 are of revolution around this axis, and have an identical or substantially the same outside diameter. The two lower 46 and upper 47 parts are spaced from one another to provide between them a free space 49 having in axial section a general shape

of venturi.

  To this end, the lower parts 46 and 47 are rigidly associated with each other, along the axis 48,

  by means of reciprocal securing spacers 50.

  Insofar as these spacers 50 are in the form of flat sections, these are of radial planes for

  avoid excessive wind catch.

  The consecutive walls of the lower 46 and upper 47 parts are full, that is to say without opening except for a hole 51 for passage provided in the lower part 46. This passage hole 51 of the exhaust air and drive air, if any, is communicating, down, with the column

  main 41 and it opens up into space 49.

  If necessary, the main column 41 can form a diffuser in the lower part 46. In addition, at

  the downstream orifice of hole 51, there may be a cross.

  In the embodiment shown, the axis 48 is coaxial with the axis L of the main column 41. In other embodiments not shown, the axis 48 can be slightly inclined relative to the axis L and relative to

the vertical.

  The lower part 46 comprises, in the embodiment shown, an upper wall 52 and a

bottom wall 53.

  Both the upper wall 52 and the lower wall 53 have a generally frustoconical shape. The small base 54 of the upper wall 52 faces the upper part 47 and the space 49. The large base 55 of the upper wall 52 faces the main column 41 and is common with the large base of the lower wall 53 whose small base is turned towards the column

main 41.

  Likewise, the upper part 47 has a lower wall 56 and an upper wall 57. The lower wall 56 has, in the embodiment shown, a generally conical shape. In another possible embodiment, the bottom wall 56 has a

general frustoconical shape.

  In one as in the other of the possible embodiments, the tip 58 or the small base of the lower wall 56 is turned towards the lower part 46, that is to say towards the space 49. The large base 59 is quant

  opposite to the main column 41.

  The upper wall 57 has, in the embodiment shown, a generally conical shape. In other embodiments, the upper wall 57 has a generally frustoconical or hemispherical shape, or a complex shape derived from the preceding shapes. The top wall 57 has a large common base with the large base

  59. It is therefore turned towards the lower part 46.

  The spacers 50 already mentioned are for example associated with the upper wall 52 of the lower part 46 and the lower wall 56 of the part

superior 47.

  Although in the present case, the vacuum cleaner 45 shown is of the static type, it is also within the scope of the present invention that this vacuum cleaner is of the static mechanical type. In this case (not shown),

  the vacuum cleaner 45 also includes an integrated turbine.

  Such vacuum cleaners are described in particular in documents FR-A-2 651 563, FR-A-2 374 591, FR-A-2 514 469,

FR-A-2 709 534.

  This turbine has its blades located in space 49

  or in a space provided by the upper part 47.

  According to a second embodiment of the installation of the invention, represented in FIG. 6,

  a second column 59 surrounds the main column 41.

  This second column 59 opens on the one hand into the evacuation zone 42, therefore outside the building 3, and on the other hand, into a supply pipe 60, which is connected to the main conduit 4 of the system air inlet 1. In the present embodiment, the second column 59 has a substantially circular cross-section, of diameter greater than that of the column

main 41.

  Other forms are of course not excluded.

  Furthermore, this second column 59 as well as the main column 41 and the main conduit 4 can be respectively unitary or composed of several

  aligned, coaxial and fixed sections two by two.

  The space 61 separating the second column 59 from the main column 41 is large enough so that the air coming from the evacuation zone 42 can there

circulate, following the arrows F3.

  This air is thus naturally entrained towards the lower end 3b of the building 3, that is to say towards

  the upstream end 59b of the second column 59.

  This air is then conveyed in the supply pipe to the main duct 4 of the air supply system 1. Under these conditions, the first source of air 5 is

  combined with evacuation zone 42.

  The advantage of such an installation allows the natural heating of the air circulating in the second column 59 thanks to the contact of this air with the walls.

  main column 41.

  Holes 62 are provided on the wall of the second column 59 so as to allow the passage of the extraction outlet (s) 43 which are mounted in connection

on the main column 41.

  In this embodiment, or may also provide for fitting, for example on the supply pipe 60, a bypass system 63 leading to a source of fresh air 64. Thus for example, assuming that the air brought into the main duct 4 must not be too hot (for example in summer), the bypass system 63 would make it possible to close the upstream end 59b of the second column 59 and

  open the downstream end of source 64.

  Of course, the invention is not limited to

  embodiments which have just been described.

  To this end, provision can also be made to use a static, statomechanical or dynamic vacuum cleaner, of the type of static vacuum cleaner 45 as described above, the lower 46 and upper 47 parts of which do not have a general shape of revolution around the axis 48, as described with reference to the vacuum cleaner 45, but an elongated shape according to the

  direction perpendicular to axis 48.

  In this hypothesis, the lower walls 27, 30 and upper 26, 31 have a general prismatic shape. Thus, for example, the small base 54 of the upper wall 52 and, if necessary, the small base of the lower wall 56, would have a rectangular and not square section, as is the case.

  with regard to the aforementioned vacuum cleaner 45.

  Furthermore, in the case where the second additional air injection device 44 is disposed outside the building 3, by rising on and above its roof, provision can be made for it to be fixed there. through a flashing, to ensure the watertightness of

this fixation.

  In addition, a strain, surrounding the main column 41 from the flashing to the vacuum cleaner 45,

  excluded, can be rigidly fixed to the flashing.

  This strain is for example made in a

  prefabricated metallic material.

  In a variant, the walls of the strain are sufficiently spaced from the extreme downstream part of the main column 41 and of the injection device 44, so as to leave a free space between them, to allow for example an isolation from the currents of cold or hot outdoor air. This insulation is for example ensured by means of rock wool or the like fixed on the

interior walls of the strain.

Claims (59)

  1. Air supply system inside at least one room (2) of a building (3), characterized in that it comprises: - a main duct (4) extending substantially vertically , the downstream end (4a) of which is closed and the upstream end (4b) opens onto a first air source (5), the main duct (4) comprising at least one air intake mouth (6 ), mounted on the main pipe, between its upstream and downstream ends, and leading to a respective part (2); - At least one first additional air injection device (7) for the draft aid, positioned towards the upstream end (4b) of the main duct, said first injection device (7) having the function of drive, towards the downstream end (4a) of the duct   main, air from the first air source (5).   2. Air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises, towards the upstream end (4b) of the main duct, means for filtering and / or treat the air introduced (22).   3. Air supply system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first injection device comprises: - a section of duct (8), a first end (8a) of which is disposed and opens out towards the 'upstream end (4b) of the main duct and the second end (8b) of which leads to a second air source (9); - additional air injection means (12), mounted inside the main duct (4) at the junction of the latter (4) with the first end (8a) of the duct section; the additional air coming from the second air source (9), and circulating in the duct section (8), being injected into the main duct (4), in the same direction of circulation (F1) as the air from the first air source (5). 4. Air supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that the first (5) and the second (9) air sources are separate.   5. Air supply system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the additional air injection means (12) comprise: - at least one injection nozzle (11) or the like, located at inside the main duct (4), and carried by it; and - at least one injection pipe (10), connecting the   or the nozzles in the duct section (8).   6. Air supply system according to claim 5, characterized in that the injection pipe or pipes   (10) are located essentially upstream of the nozzles (11).   7. Air supply system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the injection nozzle (s) (11) have a generally fixed position in the main duct (4), at least as regards their spacing relative to the axis (D) of said main duct (4). 8. Air supply system according to any one   claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the one or more   nozzles (11) are held in a fixed position inside the main duct (4), by means of spring parts (14a, 14b), rigidly fixed to the walls (4c) of the main duct (4).   9. Air supply system according to any one   of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that it is   provided a single injection nozzle (11) located in or substantially in the axis (D) of the main conduit or a plurality of injection nozzles located nearby immediate of this axis (D).   10. Air supply system according to any one   of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that it is   provided several single injection nozzles (11) arranged in several places of the main duct (4), in the axis (D) and / or removed from it.   11. Air supply system according to claim, characterized in that the plurality of injection nozzles comprises one or more central nozzles (11 ') located in or near the axis (D) of the main duct and / or a plurality of peripheral nozzles (11 ") located near the wall (4c) of the main duct and / or a plurality of median nozzles located between the axis of the main duct and its wall.   12. Air supply system according to claim 11, characterized in that the peripheral nozzles (11 ") and / or medians are regularly distributed around the axis. 13. Air supply system according to any one   claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the   different injection nozzles (11) are arranged relative to each other so as not to hinder   substantially the passage of air to be rejected.   14. Air supply system according to any one   claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the   different injection nozzles are arranged in rows and columns carried by a perforated plate located in the   main duct (4) and carried by it.   15. Air supply system according to any one   of claims 5 to 14, characterized in that it   includes means for selective operation control different nozzles.   16. Air supply system according to any one   claims 5 to 15, characterized in that a   or several venturi-shaped walls (13) are placed downstream of the injection nozzles (11).   17. Air supply system according to claim 16, characterized in that it comprises a wall in the form of a venturi adjoining the wall of the main duct (4) or / and a wall in the form of a venturi for one or several injection nozzles of the same kind,   central, peripheral or median.   18. Air supply system according to any one   claims 3 to 17, characterized in that the first   injection device (7) further comprises means (19) for producing additional air drive, disposed towards the second end (8b) of the section of conduit (8).   19. Air supply system according to claim 18, characterized in that the means (19) for producing additional air drive are means   motor, such as a fan or the like.   20. Air supply system according to any one   claims 3 to 19, characterized in that the first   injection device (7) further comprises means   (2b) to filter and / or treat the additional air.   21. Air supply system according to any one   claims 3 to 20, characterized in that the first   injection device (7) also comprises means (21) for heating or cooling the air additional.   22. Air supply system according to any one   claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first   additional air injection device for the draft aid comprises: - a duct section (23) forming part of the main duct (4); and - a part (24) surrounded by the main duct (4), and positioned, coaxially, upstream of an end part (23a) of the duct section (23); said part (24) being in the form of a sleeve, forming an internal passage (24 ') for additional air and comprising, a plurality of grooves (28) recessed extending over its external surface (27) , from an inner free end edge (27a), to a peripheral zone (27c); the hollow grooves (28) having the function of delimiting, with the duct section (23), channels for the introduction of additional air, said peripheral zone (27c) having the function of delimiting with said duct section (23) a space   collecting additional air.   23. Air supply system according to claim 22, characterized in that the grooves (28) are axial or helical.   24. Air supply system according to one of   claims 22 to 23, characterized in that the   grooves (28) are regularly arranged on the surface   outside (27) of the sleeve around its axis (L).   25. Air supply system according to claim 24, characterized in that the grooves (28) are sufficiently large in number to be substantially adjacent. 26. Air supply system according to one of the   Claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the part (24)   comprises a first part (24a) in the form of a crown, which defines the grooves (28) and comprises the peripheral zone (27c), and a second part (24b) forming a support, the first part being mounted on the second part.   27. Air supply system according to one of   Claims 22 to 26, characterized in that the part (24) is in one piece.   28. Air supply system according to one of   claims 22 to 27, characterized in that the section   inside and / or outside of the room is circular.   29. Air supply system according to one of   claims 22 to 27, characterized in that the section   interior and / or exterior of the part is polygonal.   30. Air supply system according to one of   claims 22 to 29, characterized in that the form   interior of the part (24) is generally cylindrical,   at least towards the inner free end edge (27a).   31. Air supply system according to claim, characterized in that the inner surface (25) of the first part (24a) has a substantially cylindrical shape, while the inner surface (30) of the second part (24b ) has a substantially frustoconical shape, its large base   being the furthest from the free edge (27a).   32. Air supply system according to one of   claims 22 to 31, characterized in that the form   outside of the part (24), at least towards the inside free end edge (27a), is generally frustoconical, the small base being towards the free edge, so that the end part of the grooves (28) is slightly inclined   relative to the longitudinal axis (L) of the part (24).   33. Air supply system according to claim 32, characterized in that the external surface (27) of the first part (24a) has a substantially frustoconical shape, while the external surface (31) of the second part   (24b) has a substantially cylindrical shape.   34. Air supply system according to one of the   claims 26 to 33, characterized in that it   has, on its outer surface, a radial recess (32), forming the boundary between the first (24a) and the second (24b) parts.   35. Air supply system according to any one   claims 22 to 34, characterized in that the   duct section (23) has a first portion (33) facing and close to the outer surface (27) of the part comprising the grooves (28), so as to form channels for the introduction of air additional; and a second portion (35), facing and separated from the peripheral zone (27c) to form, between the corresponding external surface (27) of the part and said second portion (35), an annular space (36), forming a chamber collecting additional air; at least one air introduction orifice being formed on the second portion, so as to open into said room.   36. Air supply system according to claim 35, characterized in that it comprises air supply means (37) communicating with the collection chamber (36) through the orifice.   37. Air supply system according to one of the   claims 35 or 36, characterized in that the first   portion (33) of the duct section (23) has a substantially frustoconical shape, the small base of which is situated substantially opposite the free edge (27a) of the part (24), and the large base of which is situated substantially opposite of the limit between the grooves (28) and the area peripheral (27c).   38. Air supply system according to claim 37, characterized in that the second portion (35) of the duct section has a substantially cylindrical shape, a radial shoulder (33a) outwards forming the junction between the first (33) and the second (35) portions.   39. Air supply system according to one of the   claims 35 to 38, characterized in that the first   portion (33) of the duct section (8), is surmounted by a portion of free section (34).   40. Air supply system according to claim 39, characterized in that the free portion (34) is formed   in one piece with the pipe section (23).   41. Air supply system according to claim 39 or 40, characterized in that the free portion (34) has a generally frustoconical general shape, the large section of which is situated on the side opposite the part.   (24), so that the system forms a venturi.   42. Air supply system according to one of the   claims 26 to 41, characterized in that the second   part (24a) of the part (24) is introduced into the main conduit (4) downstream of a second section (38)   forming part of said main duct (4).   43. System according to any one of   Claims 22 to 42, characterized in that it comprises   in addition to an intermediate piece (39) surrounding the first injection device (7) at least opposite the splines (28).   44. Installation for natural ventilation of at least one room (2) of a building (3), characterized in that it comprises: - an air supply system (1) inside   said part (2), according to one of claims 1 to 43;   and - an air extraction system (40) from said same piece (2).   45. Installation according to claim 44, characterized in that the air extraction system (40) comprises: - a main column (41), extending substantially vertically, whose downstream end (41a) opens onto a evacuation zone (42), and the upstream end (41b) of which is closed; and - at least one extraction mouth (43), mounted on the main column (41), between the upstream end (41b) and the downstream end (41a), and leading to a respective part (2).   46. Installation according to claim 45, characterized in that the air extraction system (40) further comprises a second additional air injection device (44), substantially identical to the first injection device (7 ) of the air supply system, and positioned towards the downstream end (41a) of the column main (41).   47. Installation according to one of claims 45   or 46, characterized in that the air extraction system (40) further comprises, spaced at a certain distance from the downstream end (41a) of the main column (41), a   static (45) or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner.   48. Installation according to claim 47, characterized in that the static (45) or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner is of the type comprising a lower part (46) and an upper part (47), spaced from one another and rigidly associated with each other along the axis (L) of the main column (41), the lower part (46) being provided with a hole (51) for passage of the air to be discharged , in communication with the main column (41), this hole opening into the space (49) existing between the lower part (46) and the part upper (47).   49. Installation according to claim 48, characterized in that the space (49) between the lower (46) and upper (47) parts has, in axial section, a general form of venturi.   50. Installation according to claim 48 or 49,   characterized in that the static vacuum cleaner (45) or stato   mechanical has a general form of revolution whose axis (48) is an extension of that of the column   main (41) or slightly inclined with respect to it.   51. Installation according to one of claims 48   50, characterized in that the lower part (46) of the static (45) or statomechanical vacuum cleaner comprises at least one upper wall (52) of generally frustoconical shape, the small base of which faces the upper part (47 ), and whose large base is facing the main column (41).   52. Installation according to claim 51, characterized in that the lower part (46) of the static (45) or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner also comprises a lower wall (53) of generally frustoconical shape, the small base of which faces towards the main column (41), and the large base towards the upper part (47).   53. Installation according to one of claims 48   & 52, characterized in that the upper part (47) of the static (45) or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner comprises at least one lower wall (56) of generally conical or frustoconical shape, the point (58) or the small base faces towards the lower part (46) and   the large base is opposite the main column (41).   54. Installation according to claim 53, characterized in that the upper part (47) of the static (45) or stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner also comprises an upper wall (57) of generally conical or frustoconical or hemispherical shape, the large based   is turned towards the lower part (46).   55. Installation according to one of claims 47   to 54, characterized in that the vacuum cleaner (45) also has an integrated turbine, and forms a Stato-mechanical vacuum cleaner.   56. Installation according to one of claims 44   55, characterized in that the first air source (5) of the air supply system (1) is distinct from the exhaust zone (42) into which the column opens main (41).   57. Installation according to one of claims 44   55, characterized in that the first air source (5) of the air supply system (1) is located in the exhaust zone (42) into which the column opens main (41).   58. Installation according to claim 57, characterized in that it further comprises a second column (59) surrounding the main column (41), and opening on the one hand into the discharge zone (42), and on the other hand, in a supply pipe (60), connected to the main duct (4) of the air supply system (1); the space (61) separating the main column (41) from the second column (59) receiving the air coming from the exhaust zone (42), which is then entrained in the supply pipe (60), then the main duct (4) of the air supply system (1).   59. Installation according to claim 58, characterized in that the second column (59) comprises at least one orifice (62) allowing the passage of the extraction outlet (s) (43) mounted on the column main (41).