EP0234389B1 - Tuyere for refining lances - Google Patents
Tuyere for refining lances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0234389B1 EP0234389B1 EP87101778A EP87101778A EP0234389B1 EP 0234389 B1 EP0234389 B1 EP 0234389B1 EP 87101778 A EP87101778 A EP 87101778A EP 87101778 A EP87101778 A EP 87101778A EP 0234389 B1 EP0234389 B1 EP 0234389B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tuyere
- sharp edge
- straight wall
- wall portion
- lance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nozzle for a refining lance and in particular a nozzle for supplying post-combustion oxygen to the space situated above a metal bath in the process of refining.
- refining lances which have, apart from the nozzles supplying the supersonic oxygen for refining, several auxiliary nozzles, inclined between 25 ° and 60 ° (see for example patents LU 78 906 and LU 83 814) relative to the vertical axis, delivering oxygen jets used for post-combustion. Since these oxygen jets are subsonic, the auxiliary nozzles are supplied by an independent oxygen circuit which allows flow regulation. It is also known (see patent LU 82846) to provide the conduits with the nozzles which guide the afterburner oxygen with means for increasing the degree of turbulance of the jet.
- These means may consist of sheets placed in the conduits of the secondary nozzles so as to form spirals; in another embodiment, the walls of the conduits are provided with grooves which can either be circular and be arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the conduit, or spiral.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a nozzle which avoids the disadvantages set out above and which makes it possible to send a jet of oxygen into a converter at variable inclination without using a delicate mechanical system.
- a valve 8 controls the flow of oxygen.
- This valve which has been designed for reasons of convenience close to the mouth 3, is normally located near the supports of the lance body.
- a valve-to-mouth distance of ten meters also softens transient phenomena during the rapid deflection of the oxygen jet.
- a pressure sensor 9 measures the actual pressure P at the inlet of the nozzle 11. This pressure P is compared (reference 14) to a set pressure Po and in the event of a difference a regulator 10 acts on the degree of opening of the valve 8.
- a regulation loop it is also possible, by means of simple tests, to determine the range in which the degree of opening of the valve 8 must vary.
- the oxygen jet has a pressure upstream of the nozzle 11 such that the speed of the gas is sonic when passing a fictitious plane 12 passing through the top of the edge 16 and normal to the mantle 4 guiding the gas (theoretically normal to the gas velocity vector). It is at the height of the summit of this pointed edge that the jet relaxes while being the seat of a multitude of shock waves which are at the base of an increase in speed of the jet and its deflection.
- the deflection angle A varies as a function of the gas pressure at the edge 16, i.e.
- the invention has been explained using elongated mouthpieces normally arranged at the axis of the lance.
- the edge 16 instead of being arranged so as to cause an upward deflection of the jet, may, after adequate modification of the oxygen supply conduits, be arranged so as to cause a deflection of the jet down.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne une tuyère pour lance d'affinage et en particulier une tuyère pour fournir de l'oxygène de postcombustion à l'espace situé au-dessus d'un bain métallique en voie d'affinage.The present invention relates to a nozzle for a refining lance and in particular a nozzle for supplying post-combustion oxygen to the space situated above a metal bath in the process of refining.
On connait des lances d'affinage qui possèdent, en dehors des tuyères fournissant l'oxygène supersonique d'affinage, plusieurs tuyères auxilières, inclinées entre 25° et 60° (voir par example brevets LU 78 906 et LU 83 814) par rapport à l'axe vertical, débitant des jets d'oxygène servant à la postcombustion. Etant donné que ces jets d'oxygène sont subsoniques, les tuyères auxiliaires sont alimentées par un circuit d'oxygène indépendant qui permet une régulation en débit. Il est également connu (voir brevet LU 82846) de munir les conduits des tuyères qui guident l'oxygène de postcombustion de moyens pour augmenter le degré de turbulance du jet. Ces moyens peuvent consister en des tôles disposées dans les conduits des tuyères secondaires de manière à former des spirales; dans une autre forme d'exécution, on munit les parois des conduits de rainures qui peuvent être soit circulaires et être disposées dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du conduit, soit spiralées.There are known refining lances which have, apart from the nozzles supplying the supersonic oxygen for refining, several auxiliary nozzles, inclined between 25 ° and 60 ° (see for example patents LU 78 906 and LU 83 814) relative to the vertical axis, delivering oxygen jets used for post-combustion. Since these oxygen jets are subsonic, the auxiliary nozzles are supplied by an independent oxygen circuit which allows flow regulation. It is also known (see patent LU 82846) to provide the conduits with the nozzles which guide the afterburner oxygen with means for increasing the degree of turbulance of the jet. These means may consist of sheets placed in the conduits of the secondary nozzles so as to form spirals; in another embodiment, the walls of the conduits are provided with grooves which can either be circular and be arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the conduit, or spiral.
Dans l'art antérieur,les angles d'inclinaison des tuyères qui guident les jets d'oxygène de postcombustion, une fois déterminés par des essais ou des méthodes empiriques (tenant compte des inclinaisons des jets d'oxygène primaire, de leur disposition, des dimensions du convertisseur, de la hauteur de la tête de lance au-dessus du bain, etc.), restent évidemment constants. Il n'est donc pas possible, ni de balayer l'espace au-dessus du bain avec des jets d'oxygène, ni d'envoyer l'oxygène de postcombustion dans le convertisseur sous un angle fonction de la phase d'affinage en cours. On pourrait imaginer de munir des tuyères d'un quelconque système mécanique permettant de modifier leur angle d'inclinaison. Malheureusement un tel système serait directement exposé aux conditions difficiles règnant dans un convertisseur (températures variant entre 800 et 1800 °C, projections de scories, de métal liquide...) de sorte à n'avoir qu'une durée de vie des plus réduites. D'un autre côté, des variations d'inclinaison obtenues par des moyens mécaniques seraient trop lentes pour créer une zone étendue, virtuellement alimentée en permanence par de l'oxygène. Un autre désavantage des tuyères connues est que l'oxygène est envoyé dans l'espace au-dessus du bain en jets discrets c.à d. la concentration en oxygène par rapport à celle du monoxyde de carbone est d'une côté excessive dans le jet et d'un autre côté trop faible dans l'espace entre deux jets. Le volume au-dessus du bain dans lequel la présence d'oxygène et de monoxyde de carbone en quantités sensiblement stoechiométriques en vue d'amorcer et d'entretenir la combustion peut être assurée, est reduit.In the prior art, the angles of inclination of the nozzles which guide the post-combustion oxygen jets, once determined by tests or empirical methods (taking into account the inclinations of the primary oxygen jets, their arrangement, dimensions of the converter, the height of the lance head above the bath, etc.), obviously remain constant. So it's not possible, neither to sweep the space above the bath with jets of oxygen, nor to send the post-combustion oxygen into the converter at an angle depending on the refining phase in progress. One could imagine providing the nozzles with any mechanical system allowing their angle of inclination to be modified. Unfortunately such a system would be directly exposed to the difficult conditions prevailing in a converter (temperatures varying between 800 and 1800 ° C, projections of slag, liquid metal ...) so as to have only one of the most reduced service life. . On the other hand, variations in inclination obtained by mechanical means would be too slow to create a large area, virtually permanently supplied with oxygen. Another disadvantage of known nozzles is that oxygen is sent into the space above the bath in discrete jets, i.e. the oxygen concentration relative to that of carbon monoxide is on the one hand excessive in the jet and on the other hand too low in the space between two jets. The volume above the bath in which the presence of oxygen and carbon monoxide in substantially stoichiometric quantities in order to initiate and maintain combustion can be ensured, is reduced.
La présente invention a comme but de proposer une tuyère qui évite les désavantages exposés plus haut et qui permet d'envoyer un jet d'oxygène dans un convertisseur sous inclinaison variable sans mettre en oeuvre un système mécanique délicat.The object of the present invention is to propose a nozzle which avoids the disadvantages set out above and which makes it possible to send a jet of oxygen into a converter at variable inclination without using a delicate mechanical system.
Ce but est atteint par la tuyère selon l'invention telle qu'elle est caractérisée dans la revendication principale. Des variantes d'exécution préférentielle sont décrites dans les sous-revendications.This object is achieved by the nozzle according to the invention as characterized in the main claim. Variants of preferential execution are described in the subclaims.
L'invention sera expliqué plus en détail à l'aide de dessins qui en montrent une forme d'exécution possible.
- La fig. 1 représente de manière schématique une lance d'affinage munie des tuyères selon l'invention et
- la fig. 2 une coupe tranversale selon la ligne II-II à travers une tuyère de la fig. 1.
- Fig. 1 schematically represents a refining lance provided with the nozzles according to the invention and
- fig. 2 a cross section along line II-II through a nozzle of FIG. 1.
On distingue en fig. 1 le corps de la lance 1 ainsi que trois jets d'oxygène d'affinage 2 sortant de la tête de lance. En retrait de la tête de lance, à une distance de l'ordre de 1 mètre, se trouvent les embouchures 3 de plusieurs tuyères disposées à différentes hauteurs sur le pourtour du corps de lance et fournissant l'oxygène de postcombustion. Sur la coupe en fig. 2 on remarque le conduit d'amenée de gaz 5 débouchant dans la tuyère 11. Le manteau extérieur 4 de la lance 1 délimite un côté du conduit 5 et de la tuyère 11 par une surface réglée le long de laquelle l'oxygène peut se déplacer en ligne droite jusqu'à l'arête rectiligne 16 formant une partie de l'embouchure 3. Le reste de la paroi du conduit 5, repéré par la référence 6, est relié par l'intermédiaire d'une paroi coudée 7, qui définit une tuyère convergente, à la partie restante de l'embouchure 3.We can see in fig. 1 the body of the lance 1 as well as three refining
Une vanne 8 contrôle le débit d'oxygène. Cette vanne qui a été dessinée pour des raisons de commodité proche de l'embouchure 3, se trouve normalement près des supports du corps de lance. Une distance vanne-embouchure d'une dizaine de mètres adoucit également les phénomènes transitoires lors de la déflection rapide du jet d'oxygène. Un capteur de pression 9 mesure la pression réelle P à l'entrée de la tuyère 11. Cette pression P est comparée (référence 14) à une pression de consigne Po et en cas de différence un régulateur 10 agit sur le degré d'ouverture de la vanne 8. Au lieu de mettre en oeuvre une boucle de régulation, on peut également déterminer à l'aide de simples essais la plage dans laquelle le degré d'ouverture de la vanne 8 doit varier.A
Il est impératif pour avoir l'effet de déflection variable désiré, que le jet d'oxygène possède en amont de la tuyère 11 une pression telle que la vitesse du gaz soit sonique au passage d'un plan fictif 12 passant par le sommet de l'arête 16 et normal au manteau 4 guidant le gaz (théoriquement normal au vecteur vitesse du gaz). C'est à la hauteur du sommet de cette arête pointue que le jet se détend tout en étant le siège d'une multitude d'ondes de choc qui sont à la base d'une augmentation de vitesse du jet et de sa déviation. L'angle de déflection A varie en fonction de la pression du gaz au niveau de l'arête 16 c.à d. plus la pression du gaz y est élevée, plus l'angle A est faible; par contre l'effet de déflection par l'arête 16 est pratiquement nul lorsque la gaz a une vitesse subsonique à la traversée du plan 12. En variant par conséquent le degré d'ouverture de la vanne 8 entre des limites préétablies, on arrive à balayer un angle solide qui se rapproche de quelque 40°. Au gré du déroulement du processus d'affinage, il est également possible d'adopter un angle de déflection A bien déterminé et de le garder constant.It is imperative to have the desired variable deflection effect, that the oxygen jet has a pressure upstream of the
Notons que pour avoir l'effet désiré il est avantageux, mais pas absolument nécessaire, d'utiliser un convergent en amont du plan 12 qui accélère le gaz à la vitesse sonique. Il est également avantageux d'un point de vue de l'écoulement du fluide, mais pas essentiel, que le conduit 5 débouche sans variation de direction dans la partie réglée de la tuyère 11 en amont de l'arête 16. Il faut uniquement prévoir en amont de l'arête une paroi, le long de laquelle le gaz peut s'écouler en ligne droite et assurer qu'il possède une vitesse sonique au niveau de l'arête; à la limite on peut imaginer l'emploi de tuyères à section constante, alimentées sous une pression telle que le gaz se trouve à vitesse sonique à l'approche de l'embouchure 3, la paroi 7 définissant un simple coude à 90°.Note that to have the desired effect it is advantageous, but not absolutely necessary, to use a convergent upstream of the
Etant donné que la vitesse à laquelle le jet sort de l'embouchure 3 est habituellement sonique ou supersonique, il existe un danger latent que le jet n'arrive jusqu'aux parois du convertisseur et ne dégrade le matériau réfractaire. Il faut par conséquent impérativement éviter de former un jet "pénétrant". Ceci peut se faire en variant en continu l'inclinaison du jet, les turbulences qui en résultent dans le convertisseur étant peu favorables à un déplacement de jet en ligne droite ou bien en choisissant une hauteur d'embouchure très faible, de l'ordre d'un cm, un jet mince étant freiné sur distance relativement courte par l'atmosphère agitée environnante. La première solution met en oeuvre des quantités substantielles d'oxygène, mais exclut un fonctionnement sous inclinaison constante.Since the speed at which the jet leaves the
L'invention a été exposée à l'aide d'embouchures allongées disposées normalement à l'axe de la lance. On peut tout aussi bien disposer les embouchures de manière oblique par rapport à l'axe pour avoir p.ex. des interactions entre les différents jets, entraînant un brassage localisé de l'atmosphère; on peut également provoquer un effet de brassage en choisissant une arête courbée au lieu de la prendre rectiligne. Pareillement, l'arête 16, au lieu d'être disposée de manière à provoquer une déviation du jet vers le haut, peut, après modification adéquate des conduits 5 d'amenée d'oxygène, être disposée de manière à provoquer une déviation du jet vers le bas.The invention has been explained using elongated mouthpieces normally arranged at the axis of the lance. We can just as easily arrange the mouths obliquely to the axis to have eg interactions between different jets, causing localized mixing of the atmosphere; we can also cause a stirring effect by choosing a curved edge instead of taking it straight. Likewise, the
Claims (9)
- Tuyere (11) for a refining lance (1), more particularly tuyere for delivering postcombustion oxygen to the space situated above a metal bath in the process of being refined, this tuyere being located in the prolongation of a gas supply conduit (5) and being provided with a pressure regulating valve (8), characterized In that it comprises a fixed straight wall portion along which the gas flows in a linear path and reaches an edge (16), which is preferably sharp and constitutes a portion of the orifice (3) and in that it further comprises a bent wall (7) connecting the remainder of the orifice, situated substantially in the prolongation of the said straight wall portion, to the supply conduit (5).
- Tuyere (11) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bent wall (7) is delimiting a divergent tuyere part.
- Tuyere (11) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bent wall (7) is delimiting a convergent tuyere part upstream of the sharp edge (16) and a divergent tuyere part downstream thereof.
- Tuyere (11) according to claim 3, characterized in that the bent wall (7) constitutes a neck upstream and in the immediate vicinity of the sharp edge (16).
- Tuyere (11) according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sharp edge (16) is rectilinear.
- Tuyere (11) according to claim 5, characterized in that the orifice (3) adopts the shape of a flat rectangle of which one of the long sides constitutes the sharp edge (16).
- Tuyere (11) according to claim 6, characterized in that the rectangle has a height of the order of magnitude of 1 cm.
- Tuyere (11) according to claim 5, characterized in that the plane passing through the said sharp edge (16) is perpendicular to the axis of the lance (1).
- Tuyere (11) according to claim 1, characterized in that the straight wall section is constituted by a part of the inner face of the outer substantially cylindrical jacket (4) of the lance (1).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87101778T ATE76439T1 (en) | 1986-02-28 | 1987-02-09 | NOZZLE FOR FRESH LANES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
LU86329 | 1986-02-28 | ||
LU86329A LU86329A1 (en) | 1986-02-28 | 1986-02-28 | NOZZLE FOR REFINING LANCE |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0234389A2 EP0234389A2 (en) | 1987-09-02 |
EP0234389A3 EP0234389A3 (en) | 1989-03-15 |
EP0234389B1 true EP0234389B1 (en) | 1992-05-20 |
Family
ID=19730648
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87101778A Expired - Lifetime EP0234389B1 (en) | 1986-02-28 | 1987-02-09 | Tuyere for refining lances |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4730814A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0234389B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS62228427A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE76439T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU581361B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8700873A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1323757C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3779143D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2031080T3 (en) |
LU (1) | LU86329A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
LU87156A1 (en) * | 1988-03-11 | 1989-10-26 | Arbed | NOZZLE FOR REFINING LANCE |
LU87354A1 (en) * | 1988-09-28 | 1990-04-06 | Arbed | REFINING LANCE |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1064970B (en) * | 1955-01-05 | 1959-09-10 | Hoerder Huettenunion Ag | Process for overwind refining of phosphorus-containing pig iron |
US3015481A (en) * | 1959-12-11 | 1962-01-02 | Archie H Clingensmith | Tuyere assembly |
DE1433514A1 (en) * | 1964-01-09 | 1969-04-03 | Hoerder Huettenunion Ag | Device for blowing gases onto or into a molten metal |
US3627294A (en) * | 1970-03-25 | 1971-12-14 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Protection sleeve for dip tubes |
US3697058A (en) * | 1971-02-02 | 1972-10-10 | G Sojuzny I Proektirovanijuagr | Oxygen toyere of a steel-melting mill |
LU78906A1 (en) * | 1978-01-19 | 1979-09-06 | Arbed | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REFINING A METAL BATH |
LU82846A1 (en) * | 1980-10-13 | 1982-05-10 | Arbed | OXYGEN BLOWING LANCE |
LU83814A1 (en) * | 1981-12-04 | 1983-09-01 | Arbed | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REFINING A METAL BATH CONTAINING SOLID COOLING MATERIALS |
FR2521167B1 (en) * | 1982-02-10 | 1987-04-30 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | GAS INJECTION LANCE FOR METALLURGICAL CONVERTER |
DE3231867A1 (en) * | 1982-08-27 | 1984-03-01 | Saar-Metallwerke GmbH, 6600 Saarbrücken | DUAL CIRCUIT FOR FRESH METAL MELTING |
US4434005A (en) * | 1982-09-24 | 1984-02-28 | Arbed S. A. (Luxembourg) | Method of and apparatus for refining a melt containing solid cooling material |
-
1986
- 1986-02-28 LU LU86329A patent/LU86329A1/en unknown
-
1987
- 1987-02-02 CA CA000528771A patent/CA1323757C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-02-09 AT AT87101778T patent/ATE76439T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-02-09 DE DE8787101778T patent/DE3779143D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-02-09 EP EP87101778A patent/EP0234389B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-02-09 ES ES198787101778T patent/ES2031080T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-02-20 US US07/017,883 patent/US4730814A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-02-24 BR BR8700873A patent/BR8700873A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-02-27 AU AU69539/87A patent/AU581361B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-02-28 JP JP62046632A patent/JPS62228427A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU6953987A (en) | 1987-09-03 |
ATE76439T1 (en) | 1992-06-15 |
JPS62228427A (en) | 1987-10-07 |
ES2031080T3 (en) | 1992-12-01 |
AU581361B2 (en) | 1989-02-16 |
BR8700873A (en) | 1987-12-29 |
US4730814A (en) | 1988-03-15 |
EP0234389A3 (en) | 1989-03-15 |
EP0234389A2 (en) | 1987-09-02 |
CA1323757C (en) | 1993-11-02 |
LU86329A1 (en) | 1987-09-10 |
DE3779143D1 (en) | 1992-06-25 |
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