EP0364721B1 - Refining lance - Google Patents
Refining lance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0364721B1 EP0364721B1 EP89116607A EP89116607A EP0364721B1 EP 0364721 B1 EP0364721 B1 EP 0364721B1 EP 89116607 A EP89116607 A EP 89116607A EP 89116607 A EP89116607 A EP 89116607A EP 0364721 B1 EP0364721 B1 EP 0364721B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lance
- tuyere
- oxygen
- mouth
- sharp edge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/305—Afterburning
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refining lance comprising at least one supersonic nozzle for supplying the refining oxygen to a metal bath, as well as to means for supplying the post-combustion oxygen to the space situated above the bath.
- Refining lances which have, apart from the main nozzles supplying the supersonic refining oxygen, several auxiliary nozzles, inclined between 25 ° and 60 ° relative to the vertical axis, delivering jets of subsonic oxygen used for afterburning. It is also known (see patent LU 82,846) to provide the conduits of the nozzles which guide the post-combustion oxygen, with means for increasing the degree of turbulence of the jet. These means may consist of sheets placed in the conduits of the nozzles; it is also possible to provide the walls of the conduits with grooves.
- angles of inclination of the afterburning oxygen jets are however imposed by those of the nozzles; once determined by empirical tests or methods (taking into account the inclinations of the primary oxygen jets, their arrangement, the dimensions of the converter, the height of the lance head above the bath, etc.), these angles remain constant. Consequently, these nozzles do not allow either to sweep the space above the bath with jets of oxygen, nor to send the post-combustion oxygen into the converter at an appropriate angle, depending on the refining phase in Classes.
- Patent LU 86,329 describes a supersonic nozzle supplying post-combustion oxygen under variable inclination to the space above of a metal bath. It has a wall along which the gas flows in a straight line before reaching a sharp edge, constituting part of the mouth. It is at the height of the summit of this pointed edge that the jet relaxes and is deflected.
- the deflection angle varies as a function of the gas pressure at the edge, i.e. the higher the gas pressure, the greater the angle of deflection; on the other hand, the deflection effect by the edge is practically zero when the gas has a subsonic speed there.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a nozzle which makes it possible to create a continuous layer of oxygen, completely surrounding the jet of refining oxygen.
- a pressure sensor (not shown) measures the actual pressure P at the outlet of the control valve. This pressure P is compared to a set pressure Po and in the event of a difference, a regulation loop acts on the degree of opening of the valve.
- the set pressures Po vary as a function of the refining phase and are chosen so that the space is supplied with oxygen by means of a jet having the required flow rate and opening angle.
- All around the annular nozzle 6 supplying the afterburning oxygen are the walls which guide the cooling fluid (usually water). These walls are essentially constituted by three concentric tubes 4, 7 and 8, the tube 4 guiding by its inner face also the oxygen used for post-combustion. The spacing between the concentric walls 5, 4 and 7, 8 is maintained using the spacers 10 and 9 respectively. These spacers, half a dozen in number per conduit, are preferably elongated flat sheets, so as to also assume a function of guiding the fluids necessary for an even distribution of the fluids in the annular conduits.
- the lance head essentially comprises a central tube 5 which, in the case of the drawing, has a pear shape as explained in connection with patent application LU 86.321, and several concentric tubes 4, 7, 8 which define annular spaces guiding a gas and a liquid. Since the liquid layer is continuous and in particular does not meet any oxygen-supplying nozzles, which are the source of turbulence, the cooling of the external cap is done under optimal conditions.
- the outlet angle of the elbow which is approximately 20 ° relative to the axis of the lance in the case of the figure- defines the angle of deflection of the gas jet in subsonic regime.
- the front face of the head, near the edge 25 is slightly offset towards the inside of the lance head. This offset allows a more pronounced deviation of the supersonic jet by the edge 21.
- the bent surface is extended as far as the front face of the head, it will be necessary to avoid bringing the edge 25 too close to the inclined wall 23 so as not to move the position of the cervix, c. to d. the point of the nozzle where the section is smallest, at this level.
- the gas jet exits at an angle defined by the bent wall, ie. at an angle of 20 ° in this case. From a limit pressure, the speed of the gas at the outlet becomes sonic. Additional increases in the supply pressure no longer act on the Mach number at the outlet which remains equal to 1, but increase its internal pressure.
- the jet relaxes while being the seat of a multitude of Mach lines, which are the basis of an increase in the speed of the jet and its deflection.
- the deflection angle varies as a function of the gas pressure at the edge 21, i.e. the higher the gas pressure, the greater the deflection and the quantity of gas deflected.
- the deflection of the jet by the edge 25 at which the internal pressure has already dropped significantly, is weak, that caused by the edge 22 is most reduced.
- the oxygen layer is tilted towards the surface of the metal bath, sketching a shape comparable to that of an open three-quarter umbrella. A large part of the carbon monoxide leaving the bath must pass through the continuous layer of oxygen before reaching the chimney. Depending on the operating mode (Mach number), the oxygen layer is more or less thick.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne une lance d'affinage comportant au moins une tuyère supersonique pour fournir l'oxygène d'affinage à un bain métallique, ainsi que des moyens pour fournir l'oxygène de postcombustion à l'espace situé au-dessus du bain.The present invention relates to a refining lance comprising at least one supersonic nozzle for supplying the refining oxygen to a metal bath, as well as to means for supplying the post-combustion oxygen to the space situated above the bath.
On connaît des lances d'affinage qui possèdent, en dehors des tuyères principales fournissant l'oxygène supersonique d'affinage, plusieurs tuyères auxiliaires, inclinées entre 25° et 60° par rapport à l'axe vertical, débitant des jets d'oxygène subsonique servant à la postcombustion. Il est également connu (voir le brevet LU 82.846) de munir les conduits des tuyères qui guident l'oxygène de postcombustion, de moyens pour augmenter le degré de turbulence du jet. Ces moyens peuvent consister en des tôles disposées dans les conduits des tuyères; on peut aussi munir les parois des conduits de rainures. Les angles d'inclinaison des jets d'oxygène de postcombustion sont cependant imposés par ceux des tuyères; une fois déterminés par des essais ou des méthodes empiriques (tenant compte des inclinaisons des jets d'oxygène primaire, de leur disposition, des dimensions du convertisseur, de la hauteur de la tête de lance au-dessus du bain, etc.), ces angles restent constants. Par conséquent, ces tuyères ne permettent ni de balayer l'espace au-dessus du bain avec des jets d'oxygène, ni d'envoyer l'oxygène de postcombustion dans le convertisseur sous un angle approprié, fonction de la phase d'affinage en cours.Refining lances are known which have, apart from the main nozzles supplying the supersonic refining oxygen, several auxiliary nozzles, inclined between 25 ° and 60 ° relative to the vertical axis, delivering jets of subsonic oxygen used for afterburning. It is also known (see patent LU 82,846) to provide the conduits of the nozzles which guide the post-combustion oxygen, with means for increasing the degree of turbulence of the jet. These means may consist of sheets placed in the conduits of the nozzles; it is also possible to provide the walls of the conduits with grooves. The angles of inclination of the afterburning oxygen jets are however imposed by those of the nozzles; once determined by empirical tests or methods (taking into account the inclinations of the primary oxygen jets, their arrangement, the dimensions of the converter, the height of the lance head above the bath, etc.), these angles remain constant. Consequently, these nozzles do not allow either to sweep the space above the bath with jets of oxygen, nor to send the post-combustion oxygen into the converter at an appropriate angle, depending on the refining phase in Classes.
Le brevet LU 86.329 décrit une tuyère supersonique fournissant l'oxygène de postcombustion sous inclinaison variable à l'espace au-dessus d'un bain métallique. Elle comporte une paroi le long de laquelle le gaz s'écoule en ligne droite avant d'aboutir à une arête aiguë, constituant une partie de l'embouchure. C'est à la hauteur du sommet de cette arête pointue que le jet se détend et est dévié. L'angle de déflexion varie en fonction de la pression du gaz au niveau de l'arête c.à d. plus la pression du gaz y est élevée, plus l'angle de déflexion est important; par contre l'effet de déflexion par l'arête est pratiquement nul lorsque le gaz y possède une vitesse subsonique. En variant la pression du gaz alimentant la tuyère entre des limites préétablies, on arrive à balayer un angle qui se rapproche de quelque 30°, pour les pressions de source courantes; les turbulences qui en résultent dans le convertisseur favorisent la création d'une zone étendue, alimentée en permanence par de l'oxygène.Patent LU 86,329 describes a supersonic nozzle supplying post-combustion oxygen under variable inclination to the space above of a metal bath. It has a wall along which the gas flows in a straight line before reaching a sharp edge, constituting part of the mouth. It is at the height of the summit of this pointed edge that the jet relaxes and is deflected. The deflection angle varies as a function of the gas pressure at the edge, i.e. the higher the gas pressure, the greater the angle of deflection; on the other hand, the deflection effect by the edge is practically zero when the gas has a subsonic speed there. By varying the pressure of the gas supplying the nozzle between pre-established limits, it is possible to sweep an angle which approaches approximately 30 °, for current source pressures; the resulting turbulence in the converter promotes the creation of a large area, permanently supplied with oxygen.
La présente invention a comme but de proposer une tuyère qui permet de créer une couche continue d'oxygène, entourant complètement le jet d'oxygène d'affinage.The object of the present invention is to propose a nozzle which makes it possible to create a continuous layer of oxygen, completely surrounding the jet of refining oxygen.
Ce but est atteint par la tuyère selon l'invention telle qu'elle est caractérisée dans les revendications indépendantes. Des variantes préférentielles sont décrites dans les revendications dépendantes.This object is achieved by the nozzle according to the invention as characterized in the independent claims. Preferential variants are described in the dependent claims.
L'invention sera expliquée plus en détail à l'aide de dessins qui en montrent des formes d'exécution possibles:
- la fig. 1 présente de manière schématique une coupe à travers une tête de lance selon l'invention;
- la fig. 2 présente une coupe partielle à travers la tuyère fournissant l'oxygène de postcombustion.
- fig. 1 schematically shows a section through a lance head according to the invention;
- fig. 2 shows a partial section through the nozzle providing the afterburner oxygen.
On distingue sur la fig. 1 la tête 1 de la lance ainsi que l'embouchure 2 de la tuyère (centrale dans l'exemple choisi) d'oxygène d'affinage. Non loin de l'embouchure centrale 2 se trouve l'embouchure 3 d'une tuyère unique 6 disposée de manière concentrique tout autour de celle-ci et fournissant l'oxygène de postcombustion. Cette tuyère possède en amont de son embouchure un divergent. Elle est alimentée à partir d'une source d'oxygène et d'une vanne de régulation de pression (non représentée). Il faudra veiller à usiner le conduit d'amenée défini par les deux parois tubulaires concentriques 4 et 5 avec une précision suffisante, de manière à éviter des pertes de charge différentielles résultant de la création de turbulences.We can see in fig. 1 the
Un capteur de pression (non représenté) mesure la pression réelle P à la sortie de la vanne de régulation. Cette pression P est comparée à une pression de consigne Po et en cas de différence, une boucle de régulation agit sur le degré d'ouverture de la vanne. Les pressions de consigne Po varient en fonction de la phase d'affinage et sont choisies de manière telle que l'espace soit approvisionné en oxygène par l'intermédiaire d'un jet ayant le débit et l'angle d'ouverture requis.A pressure sensor (not shown) measures the actual pressure P at the outlet of the control valve. This pressure P is compared to a set pressure Po and in the event of a difference, a regulation loop acts on the degree of opening of the valve. The set pressures Po vary as a function of the refining phase and are chosen so that the space is supplied with oxygen by means of a jet having the required flow rate and opening angle.
Tout autour de la tuyère annulaire 6 fournissant l'oxygène de postcombustion se trouvent les parois qui guident le fluide de refroidissement (habituellement de l'eau). Ces parois sont essentiellement constituées par trois tubes concentriques 4, 7 et 8, le tube 4 guidant par sa face intérieure également l'oxygène servant à la postcombustion. L'écartement entre les parois concentriques 5, 4 et 7, 8 est maintenu à l'aide des distanceurs 10 et 9 respectivement. Ces distanceurs, au nombre d'une demi-douzaine par conduit, sont de préférence des tôles plates allongées, de sorte à assumer également une fonction de guidage des fluides nécessaires pour une équirépartition des fluides dans les conduits annulaires.All around the
Il y a lieu de remarquer que la tête de lance suivant l'invention comporte essentiellement un tube central 5 qui, dans le cas du dessin, a une forme de poire tel qu'expliqué en rapport avec la demande de brevet LU 86.321, et plusieurs tubes concentriques 4, 7, 8 qui définissent des espaces annulaires guidant un gaz et un liquide. Etant donné que la couche de liquide est continue et ne rencontre notamment pas de tuyères fournissant l'oxygène, qui sont la source de turbulences, le refroidissement de la calotte externe se fait dans des conditions optimales.It should be noted that the lance head according to the invention essentially comprises a
En fig. 2 a été représentée une coupe à travers une embouchure d'une tuyère de postcombustion 6. On distingue l'espace annulaire convergent 20 auquel succède un col, qui dans le cas présent se réduit à une surface d'allure complexe et qui doit passer obligatoirement par l'arête 21. Cette dernière est reliée à une arête 22 sur la face avant de la tête de lance par une paroi 23 dont l'inclinaison définit la limite de déviation du jet, la déviation au niveau de l'arête 22 étant nulle. Dans le cas de la figure, l'angle que forme cette paroi avec l'axe de la lance vaut 45°. En vis-à-vis de l'arête 21 se trouve une paroi coudée 24, qui aboutit à l'arête 25; cette paroi guide le gaz de manière à l'éloigner de jet primaire 2. L'angle de sortie du coude -qui vaut quelque 20° par rapport à l'axe de la lance dans le cas de la figure- définit l'angle de déflexion du jet de gaz en régime subsonique. On remarque également sur la fig. 2 (voir flèches 26) que la face avant de la tête, près de l'arête 25, est légèrement décalée vers l'intérieur de la tête de lance. Ce décalage permet une déviation plus prononcée du jet supersonique par l'arête 21. Lorsqu'on prolonge la surface coudée jusque vers la face avant de la tête, il faudra éviter à trop rapprocher l'arête 25 de la paroi inclinée 23 pour ne pas déplacer la position du col, c. à d. l'endroit de la tuyère où la section est la plus faible, à ce niveau.In fig. 2 has been shown a section through a mouth of an
Lorsq'on alimente la tuyère sous une pression qui va en s'élevant depuis une pression nulle, le jet gazeux sort sous un angle défini par la paroi coudée, c.à d. sous un angle de 20° dans le cas présent. A partir d'une pression limite, la vitesse du gaz à la sortie devient sonique. Des augmentations supplémentaires de la pression d'alimentation n'agissent plus sur le nombre de Mach à la sortie qui reste égal à 1, mais élèvent sa pression interne. A la hauteur de l'arête 21, le jet se détend tout en étant le siège d'une multitude de lignes de Mach, qui sont à la base d'une augmentation de la vitesse du jet et de sa déviation. L'angle de déviation varie en fonction de la pression du gaz au niveau de l'arête 21, c.à d. plus la pression du gaz y est élevée, plus la déviation et la quantité de gaz déviée est importante. La déviation du jet par l'arête 25 au niveau de laquelle la pression interne a déjà nettement chuté, est faible, celle provoquée par l'arête 22 est des plus réduites.When the nozzle is fed under a pressure which increases from zero pressure, the gas jet exits at an angle defined by the bent wall, ie. at an angle of 20 ° in this case. From a limit pressure, the speed of the gas at the outlet becomes sonic. Additional increases in the supply pressure no longer act on the Mach number at the outlet which remains equal to 1, but increase its internal pressure. At the height of the
La couche d'oxygène est inclinée vers la surface du bain métallique en ébauchant une allure comparable à celle d'un parapluie aux trois-quarts ouvert. Une grande partie du monoxyde de carbone sortant du bain doit traverser la couche continue d'oxygène avant d'atteindre la cheminée. Selon le mode de fonctionnement (nombre de Mach), la couche d'oxygène est plus ou moins épaisse.The oxygen layer is tilted towards the surface of the metal bath, sketching a shape comparable to that of an open three-quarter umbrella. A large part of the carbon monoxide leaving the bath must pass through the continuous layer of oxygen before reaching the chimney. Depending on the operating mode (Mach number), the oxygen layer is more or less thick.
Claims (6)
- Refining lance comprising at least one primary tuyere for delivering refining oxygen to a metal bath as well as means for supplying post-combustion oxygen to the space located above the metal bath, wherein the said means are arranged in the prolongation of a gas conveying conduit which connects these means through the intermediary of a pressure regulating valve to an oxygen source and wherein the said means show a mouth and a converging part, located upstream with respect to this mouth, as well as possibly a throat, characterized in that this mouth (3) is located on the front face of the lance head, concentrically around the outlet (2) of the primary tuyere, and in that it is made of two opposed faces, an inner one and an outer one, both being of a substantially circular configuration and the outer face having at least one sharp edge (21) located in the prolongation of the converging part (20).
- Tuyere according to claim 1, characterized in that the converging part is formed by two concentric tubular walls (4, 5).
- Tuyere according to claim 1, characterized in that the throat is limited to a mere surface intersecting with the sharp edge (21).
- Tuyere according to claim 1, characterized in that the face lying opposite the said sharp edge (21) outlines the general shape of a bend (24) which ends in a rib (25) whereas a tangent to the bend (24) going through this rib (25) forms with the axis of the lance an angle comprised between 0° and 40°.
- Tuyere according to claim 4, characterized in that the rib (25) is set off (26) by a few millimeters with respect to the front face of the lance head.
- Tuyere according to the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sharp edge (21) is linked to the front face of the head of the lance by a tilted wall (23) which forms with the axis of the lance an angle comprised between 0° and 70°.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT89116607T ATE89321T1 (en) | 1988-09-28 | 1989-09-08 | LANCE FOR FRESH BLOWING. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU87354 | 1988-09-28 | ||
| LU87354A LU87354A1 (en) | 1988-09-28 | 1988-09-28 | REFINING LANCE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0364721A1 EP0364721A1 (en) | 1990-04-25 |
| EP0364721B1 true EP0364721B1 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
Family
ID=19731099
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89116607A Expired - Lifetime EP0364721B1 (en) | 1988-09-28 | 1989-09-08 | Refining lance |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0364721B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE89321T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68906505T2 (en) |
| LU (1) | LU87354A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU87855A1 (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1992-08-25 | Arbed | BLOWING LANCE |
| FR2797738A1 (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 2001-02-23 | Air Liquide | Electric arc furnace supersonic gas injection process, especially for oxygen injection into a steel-making arc furnace, uses a surrounding gas jet to protect the supersonic gas jet against the ambient atmosphere |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU82846A1 (en) * | 1980-10-13 | 1982-05-10 | Arbed | OXYGEN BLOWING LANCE |
| FR2496699B1 (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1985-06-21 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | BLOWING NOZZLE FOR OXIDIZING GAS, ESPECIALLY OXYGEN, FOR THE TREATMENT OF FUSED METALS |
| LU86321A1 (en) * | 1986-02-25 | 1987-09-10 | Arbed | OXYGEN BLOWING LANCE |
| LU86329A1 (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-09-10 | Arbed | NOZZLE FOR REFINING LANCE |
-
1988
- 1988-09-28 LU LU87354A patent/LU87354A1/en unknown
-
1989
- 1989-09-08 DE DE89116607T patent/DE68906505T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-08 EP EP89116607A patent/EP0364721B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-09-08 AT AT89116607T patent/ATE89321T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE68906505T2 (en) | 1993-10-07 |
| EP0364721A1 (en) | 1990-04-25 |
| DE68906505D1 (en) | 1993-06-17 |
| ATE89321T1 (en) | 1993-05-15 |
| LU87354A1 (en) | 1990-04-06 |
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