EP0755878B1 - Ausgabekopf zur Ausgabe einer Flüssigkeit in Form eines Aerosols sowie eine mit einem solchen Kopf versehene Ausgabevorrichtung - Google Patents

Ausgabekopf zur Ausgabe einer Flüssigkeit in Form eines Aerosols sowie eine mit einem solchen Kopf versehene Ausgabevorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0755878B1
EP0755878B1 EP96401541A EP96401541A EP0755878B1 EP 0755878 B1 EP0755878 B1 EP 0755878B1 EP 96401541 A EP96401541 A EP 96401541A EP 96401541 A EP96401541 A EP 96401541A EP 0755878 B1 EP0755878 B1 EP 0755878B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dispensing head
duct
nozzle
head according
nozzles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96401541A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0755878B2 (de
EP0755878A1 (de
Inventor
Vincent De Laforcade
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LOreal SA
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LOreal SA
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
    • B65D83/28Nozzles, nozzle fittings or accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B65D83/30Nozzles, nozzle fittings or accessories specially adapted therefor for guiding the flow of spray, e.g. funnels, hoods
    • B65D83/303Nozzles, nozzle fittings or accessories specially adapted therefor for guiding the flow of spray, e.g. funnels, hoods using extension tubes located in or at the outlet duct of the nozzle assembly
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/26Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
    • B65D83/16Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant characterised by the actuating means
    • B65D83/20Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant characterised by the actuating means operated by manual action, e.g. button-type actuator or actuator caps
    • B65D83/205Actuator caps, or peripheral actuator skirts, attachable to the aerosol container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dispensing head for a liquid product in aerosol form according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a dispenser comprising a reservoir for the product, provided with this dispensing head.
  • the dispenser can in particular be used in the cosmetic fields for the distribution of a hair spray, a deodorant, an anti-lice lotion, pharmaceutical for the distribution of insect repellents and agricultural for the distribution of insecticides.
  • the dispenser of the invention comprises, in known manner, a product dispensing head, a reservoir provided with a dispensing valve equipped with a hollow control rod comprising a product inlet and a product outlet; the dispensing head comprises a push button for actuating the valve via the rod, at least two nozzles housed in the push button and at least two conduits connecting each nozzle respectively to the outlet of the rod.
  • a lacquer dispenser of this type is described in document FR-A-2691383.
  • the axes of the two nozzles are located in the same plane and form between them a narrow angle between 1 ° and 40 °.
  • These nozzles are supplied with product by conduits whose axes are parallel to each other.
  • This dispenser delivers a spray whose impact surface has a distribution of product of variable density, risking modifying the shaping of the hair. It does not allow the delivery of a homogeneous and soft spray.
  • this distributor at a narrow angle between the axes of the nozzles is difficult to produce because it requires the manufacture of strongly inclined nozzles.
  • the present invention therefore aims to remedy the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the present invention aims, above all, to propose a dispensing head of the kind defined above, which delivers a homogeneous spray. It also aims to provide a dispensing head which delivers a soft and non-diffuse spray. It also aims to provide a dispensing head delivering a spray having good particle size properties of the product droplets and flow. Another object of the invention is to provide a dispensing head which is simple to manufacture. These objects are achieved by the invention as defined in claim 1.
  • the dispensing head of the invention can be used for dispensing hair spray, the impact of the resulting spray on the hair respecting the shape of the hair.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a dispensing head of a liquid product in the form of an aerosol comprising a push button provided with an axis (X), at least two conduits housed in the push button and at least two nozzles provided in the push button, characterized in that at least part of each conduit is radial, that another part of the conduit is in communication with the nozzle and is oriented parallel to an axis of the nozzle, so that the sprays coming out of each nozzle collide to provide a unique and homogeneous spray.
  • X axis
  • a dispenser comprising a pressure tank containing a liquid product to be dispensed in the form of an aerosol, a valve for dispensing this product provided with a hollow valve control rod, comprising an inlet and an outlet , a dispensing head provided with a push button, two conduits and two nozzles, characterized in that the dispensing head conforms to that defined above.
  • each conduit connects each nozzle to the outlet of the valve stem.
  • the radial part is located substantially in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the push button.
  • each conduit can comprise an axial part having an axis parallel to the axis of the rod. One end of this part of the conduit can be connected to the outlet of the hollow valve stem.
  • the product dispensed by the dispensing head is a monoproduct.
  • monoproduct is meant a product which is packaged in a single reservoir equipped with the spray head according to the invention. In this case, the axial parts of the two conduits are combined.
  • each nozzle has an axis oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis of the push button, the axes of the nozzles being located in the same plane, in order to facilitate the manufacture of the dispensing head.
  • the axes of the nozzles form between them an angle ranging from 20 ° to 120 °, and preferably an angle of 60 °, in order to ensure the collision of the particles of the sprays.
  • the axis of each nozzle is separated from the axis of the axial part of the conduit by a distance at least equal to the length of the pillar of the nozzle, plus the width of the radial part of the conduit. This separation distance facilitates the molding and demolding of the dispensing head, even for a small angle between the axes of the nozzles.
  • the radial part of each conduit can connect the axial part to the other part of the conduit in communication with the nozzle. It can be defined in a single room or in two separate rooms.
  • the radial part of each conduit can comprise a first element defined in the same part as that of the axial part of the conduit and a second element defined in another part and carrying one of the nozzles, the two elements being linked together by a connecting means.
  • each conduit is perpendicular to the other part of the conduit in communication with the nozzle.
  • the axial part of the conduit can be connected to the other part of the conduit in communication with the nozzle by the radial part and by a curved part, in particular flexible.
  • each nozzle is held by a mast and a hooking bracket on the push button.
  • the dispensing head has two nozzles. These are advantageously identical.
  • Figure 1 is an axial section of a dispenser according to a first variant of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a section along the axis II - II of the dispenser of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 2a is an enlarged view of part of Figure 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of the spray delivered by the dispenser of FIG. 1, in the same plane as that of FIG. 2.
  • Figure 4 is a section, similar to Figure 2, of a dispenser according to a second variant of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view, similar to Figure 1, of a dispenser according to a third variant of the invention, before holding the nozzles in place.
  • Figure 6 is a section, similar to Figure 2, of the dispenser of Figure 5, after holding the nozzles in place.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial section on VII - VII of the dispenser of FIG. 6.
  • a distributor designated as a whole by the reference 2, having an axis X of symmetry and having a distribution valve 4 fitted to a reservoir 6, generally cylindrical, pressurized using of a propellant.
  • the reservoir also contains a liquid product, for example a cosmetic product, to be dispensed in the form of an aerosol.
  • This tank can be equipped with a pocket containing the product, or with a piston on which a propellant would act indirectly.
  • the distributor 2 further comprises a push button 8 fixed on the reservoir 6 or on the upper part of the valve 4.
  • This push button comprises, along the axis X, a cylindrical pin 10 integral with the upper wall 8a of the push button 8.
  • the pin 10 is crossed by an axial duct 12.
  • the free end (on the reservoir side) of the conduit 12 has a bore 14 of larger diameter than that of the conduit 12, so as to form a housing for receiving, with a slight tightening, the free end of a rod of control 16 of valve 4.
  • This valve is a conventional valve, the opening of which is controlled by pressing the rod 16 along the axis X during the application of a push on the push-button.
  • This axis also constitutes the longitudinal axis of the rod.
  • the valve 4 comprises a body 18 which is crimped, in the upper part, on the side of the control rod, in a cup 20 fixed by crimping or swaging on a circular opening made at the top of a dome 6a of the tank 6.
  • This cup has a rolled edge 22 and covers the upper end of the dome 6a of the reservoir 6.
  • the lower part of the valve body 18, situated on the side opposite to the control rod 16, is provided with a connection zone 24, extended by a dip tube 26 extending to the bottom of the tank 6.
  • the free end 28 of the rod 16 constitutes a product outlet from the rod
  • the other end of the rod (not shown) located in the valve body 18 constitutes the product inlet from the rod.
  • the push button 8 comprises, according to the invention, two spray nozzles 30a, 30b and two conduits 11a, 11b.
  • Each conduit 11a, 11b respectively connects each nozzle 30a, 30b to the outlet 28 of the valve stem 16.
  • Each nozzle 30a, 30b is an insert on the push button 8 and comprises, in known manner, vortex channels.
  • the parts of the dispenser relating to the first nozzle 30a will bear the index a and the parts relating to the second nozzle 30b will bear the index b .
  • Each duct 11a, 11b comprises an axial part, also called an axial duct, 12, a radial part, also called a radial duct, 36a, 36b, and a part 35a, 35b in communication with each nozzle 30a, 30b respectively.
  • the push-button further comprises two pillars 32a, 32b, of circular section, housed in sleeves 35a, 35b and define with these an annular chamber 34a, 34b respectively supplied by the part 35a, 35b of the conduit 11a, 11b.
  • This rectilinear part 35a, 35b of the duct is connected to the rectilinear radial duct 36a, 36b communicating with the axial duct 12.
  • the pillars have axes of symmetry AA, BB perpendicular to the axis X.
  • Each pillar 32a, 32b has a front face 44a, 44b.
  • Each part 35a, 35b of each conduit 11a, 11b opens into the annular chamber 34a, 34b of the nozzles 30a, 30b and is parallel to the axis AA, BB of the nozzle 30a, 30b.
  • the nozzles 30a, 30b respectively comprise a peripheral skirt 38a, 38b which is inserted in the annular chamber 34a, 34b against the internal wall 40a, 40b of the sleeves 35a, 35b.
  • Each nozzle further comprises a rear face 42a, 42b, parallel to the front face 44a, 44b of the pillars 32a, 32b which comes to bear against it.
  • these respectively have an orifice 46a, 46b along the axes AA and BB.
  • the axes A-A, B-B of the nozzles 28a, 28b are situated in the same plane perpendicular to the axis X. In FIG. 2, the axes A-A and B-B form, between them, an angle of 60 °.
  • the axis AA, BB the nozzle 30a, 30b is separated from the axis X of the central duct 12 by a distance d which is at least equal to the length L of the pillar 32a, 32b plus the width I of the radial duct 36a, 36b (d ⁇ L + I).
  • the push-button 8 is linked to a fixing ring 48 by a film hinge 50.
  • the fixing ring 48 comprises a plate 51, an external skirt 52 whose lower end 52a is in contact with the wall of the reservoir 6 and an internal skirt 54 which is snapped onto the annular edge 22 of the cup 20 of the reservoir 6.
  • Reliefs 56 linked to the internal skirt 54 and in contact with the annular edge 22 of the cup 20 ensure good stability of the ring mounting 48 on the tank 6.
  • the push button comprises a skirt 58 substantially cylindrical along the axis X provided with a control tongue 60 of the dispenser which extends in a plane substantially transverse to the axis X.
  • Spray S has a slightly oval cross-section and has an almost homogeneous product density. Its appearance is identical to that of the single-nozzle sprays of the prior art.
  • the flow rate of the spray S is slightly higher than that of a spray obtained with a single nozzle, which makes it possible to maintain good hold of the hairstyle when the distributor is used for the application of hair spray.
  • FIG. 4 shows a distributor which differs from that of FIG. 2 by the fact that the radial conduits 36a, 36b comprise two elements 62a, 64a, 62b, 64b linked together by a connecting means 66a, 66b.
  • the first element 62a, 62b is defined in the same part as that of the central duct 12.
  • the second element 64a, 64b carries the nozzle 30a, 30b.
  • the connecting means 66a, 66b comprises a sealing ring 68a, 68b carried by the second element 64a, 64b and a channel 70a, 70b located inside the first element 62a, 62b, the rod 68a, 68b being slammed in channel 70a, 70b. This arrangement facilitates the release of the parts of the push button.
  • Figure 5 shows, before holding the nozzles, a push button whose conduits 111a, 111b are aligned along an axis Y orthogonal to the axis X and parallel to the parts 135a, 135b of the conduit.
  • the ends 37a, 37b of these radial conduits are substantially parallel respectively to the axis A-A, B-B of the nozzle 30a, 30b.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to produce the push button by molding in one piece, and in particular radial conduits, sleeves and pillars.
  • the plate 51 of the fixing ring 48 comprises, in this embodiment, masts 74a, 74b and hooking brackets 76a, 76b whose height extends in a direction substantially parallel to the axis X. These masts and brackets constitute a means of hooking the nozzles so as to orient them in a configuration making it possible to obtain the desired result for the sprayed product.
  • the conduit 111a, 111b is defined in a flexible part and is deformed by placing each nozzle 30a, 30b in the space between the mast 74a, 74b and the attachment bracket 76a, 76b.
  • the conduit 111a, 111b has a radial portion 136a, 136b which opens into the axial conduit 12.
  • the wall of each conduit 111a, 111b does not have a constant thickness over the same section, so as to allow good deformation of the conduit.
  • Figure 7 shows how the nozzle 30a is held by the mast 74a and the hooking bracket 76a.
  • the latter has a projection 78a perpendicular to the axis of the bracket and keeps the nozzle 30a in position.
  • the part defining the radial conduits is, at each of its ends, blocked between the mast and the stem.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Spenderkopf eines flüssigen Produkts in Form eines Aerosols, mit einem Druckknopf (8), der mit einer Achse (X) versehen ist, wenigstens zwei Leitungen (11a, 11b, 111a, 111b) in dem Druckknopf, und mit wenigsten zwei Düsen (30a, 30b), die in dem Druckknopf vorgesehen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens ein Bereich (36a, 36b, 136a, 136b) einer jeden Leitung radial ist, daß ein anderer Bereich der Leitung in Verbindung mit der Düse ist und parallel zu einer Achse (A-A, B-B) der Düse ausgerichtet ist, derart, daß die Strahlen (sa, sb), die aus einer jeden Düse austreten, sich überschneiden, um einen Strahl (S) zu bilden, der einzeln und homogen ist.
  2. Spenderkopf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Leitung wenigstens einen axialen Abschnitt (12) aufweist.
  3. Spenderkopf nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das ausgegebene Produkt ein Zweikomponentenprodukt ist.
  4. Spenderkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achse (A-A, B-B) einer jeden Düse im wesentlichen senkrecht bezüglich der Längsachse (X) des Druckknopfes ausgerichtet ist, wobei die Achsen der Düsen sich in der selben Ebene befinden.
  5. Spenderkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achsen untereinander einen Winkel bilden, der von 20° bis 120° geht.
  6. Spenderkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achse einer jeden Düse von der Achse des axialen Abschnitts der Leitung um einen Abstand (d) getrennt ist, der wenigstens gleich der Länge (L) der Säule der Düse, erhöht um die Breite (1) des radialen Abschnitts der Leitung ist.
  7. Spenderkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der radiale Abschnitt einer jeden Leitung sich in einer Ebene quer zur Längsachse des Druckknopfes befindet.
  8. Spenderkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der radiale Abschnitt der Leitung den axialen Abschnitt mit dem anderen Abschnitt der Leitung, der sich in Verbindung mit der Düse befindet, verbindet.
  9. Spenderkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitung darüber hinaus einen gekrümmten Abschnitt aufweist.
  10. Spenderkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der radiale Abschnitt einer jeden Leitung ein erstes Element (62a, 62b) aufweist, der in dem selben Teil wie jenes des axialen Abschnitts der Leitung definiert ist, und ein zweites Element (64a, 64b) aufweist, das eine der Düsen trägt und in dem anderen Teil definiert ist, wobei die beiden Elemente untereinander durch eine Verbindungseinrichtung (66a, 66b) verbunden sind.
  11. Spenderkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Düse durch einen Masten (74a, 74b) und einen Anhängeträger (76a, 76b), die an dem Druckknopf befestigt sind, gehalten wird.
  12. Spenderkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der radiale Abschnitt einer jeden Leitung senkrecht zum anderen Abschnitt der Leitung in Verbindung mit der Düse verläuft.
  13. Spenderkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zwei Düsen aufweist.
  14. Spenderkopf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düsen identisch sind.
  15. Spender mit einem unter Druck stehenden Reservoir, das ein zu spendendes flüssiges Produkt in Form von Aerosol einschließt, einem Spenderventil dieses Produkts, das mit einer hohlen Ventilsteuerstange versehen ist, die einen Eingang und einen Ausgang aufweist, einem Spenderkopf, der mit einem Druckknopf, zwei Leitungen und zwei Düsen versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spenderkopf mit einem der Ansprüche 1-14 übereinstimmt.
EP96401541A 1995-07-24 1996-07-11 Ausgabekopf zur Ausgabe einer Flüssigkeit in Form eines Aerosols sowie eine mit einem solchen Kopf versehene Ausgabevorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0755878B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9508952 1995-07-24
FR9508952A FR2737198B1 (fr) 1995-07-24 1995-07-24 Tete de distribution d'un produit liquide sous forme d'aerosol et distributeur muni d'une telle tete

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0755878A1 EP0755878A1 (de) 1997-01-29
EP0755878B1 true EP0755878B1 (de) 1997-11-12
EP0755878B2 EP0755878B2 (de) 2004-09-01

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EP96401541A Expired - Lifetime EP0755878B2 (de) 1995-07-24 1996-07-11 Ausgabekopf zur Ausgabe einer Flüssigkeit in Form eines Aerosols sowie eine mit einem solchen Kopf versehene Ausgabevorrichtung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US5785250A (de)
EP (1) EP0755878B2 (de)
JP (1) JP2888797B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69600099T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2111411T5 (de)
FR (1) FR2737198B1 (de)

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CZ190894A3 (en) * 1992-02-07 1995-11-15 Procter & Gamble Atomizer with a plurality of holes for atomizing liquid in various patterns
FR2691383B1 (fr) * 1992-05-21 1994-08-19 Oreal Bouton-poussoir destiné à être monté sur une valve ou une pompe équipant un distributeur, et distributeur comportant un tel bouton-poussoir.
US5211317A (en) * 1992-06-18 1993-05-18 Diamond George Bernard Low pressure non-barrier type, valved dispensing can
FR2711930B1 (fr) * 1993-11-03 1996-01-26 Sofab Dispositif de pulvérisation.
JPH07275751A (ja) * 1994-04-05 1995-10-24 Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd エアレス塗装装置
FR2731681B1 (fr) * 1995-03-17 1997-04-30 Oreal Applicateur de produit de consistance visqueuse, comportant un organe de distribution poreux
FR2732318B1 (fr) * 1995-03-31 1997-04-25 Oreal Ditributeur aerosol a deux buses de pulverisation
FR2734242B1 (fr) * 1995-05-18 1997-06-13 Oreal Ensemble de distribution pour un produit liquide ou pulverulent, et procede de fabrication de cet ensemble
FR2737198B1 (fr) * 1995-07-24 1997-09-26 Oreal Tete de distribution d'un produit liquide sous forme d'aerosol et distributeur muni d'une telle tete

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1277516A1 (de) 2001-07-20 2003-01-22 L'oreal Ausgabekopf mit zwei Düsen
FR2827528A1 (fr) 2001-07-20 2003-01-24 Oreal Tete de distribution comportant deux buses
US8272581B2 (en) 2002-04-22 2012-09-25 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Container and method for a substance to be sprayed
US8616472B2 (en) 2002-04-22 2013-12-31 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Container for a substance to be sprayed
EP1357057B2 (de) 2002-04-22 2014-11-19 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Behälter für eine sprühbare Substanz, Kappe für einen solchen Behälter, und Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69600099T3 (de) 2005-04-21
JPH0929138A (ja) 1997-02-04
DE69600099D1 (de) 1997-12-18
ES2111411T5 (es) 2005-05-01
DE69600099T2 (de) 1998-03-05
FR2737198A1 (fr) 1997-01-31
USRE38023E1 (en) 2003-03-11
ES2111411T3 (es) 1998-03-01
EP0755878B2 (de) 2004-09-01
US5785250A (en) 1998-07-28
JP2888797B2 (ja) 1999-05-10
FR2737198B1 (fr) 1997-09-26
EP0755878A1 (de) 1997-01-29

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