Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
  • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
  • E04B1/34823—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of concrete

Definitions

• Multi-storey residential building made of precast concrete
• the invention relates to a multi-storey residential building
• a mixture of skeleton and slab construction is an element building system registered by the inventor in earlier years (DE-OS 22 13 590, DE-OS 23 55 849 and DE-OS 24 05 239), supported on the wall-forming, floor-to-ceiling beams , with the ceiling tiles of the concerned and those of the the floor below are firmly connected to each other in order to stiffen the building statically.
• a particularly critical point of the known precast concrete systems is the static connection between walls and ceilings required for structural reasons - not only in terms of the time and effort involved and in terms of structural safety, but also, and that is in the home Construction with the increased need for sound insulation is also an important factor, because in a building whose walls and ceilings are firmly connected to one another, any structure-borne noise introduced anywhere in a wall or ceiling is transmitted through the entire building. Even complex isolations are often limited in their effectiveness due to small sound bridges, which are difficult to locate and repair afterwards.
• the only way to prevent structure-borne noise from being transmitted to the neighboring apartments is to arrange precisely prepared separating joints between the components of neighboring apartments, which are filled with elastic-soft material.
• the precast concrete construction known from the state of the art which offers precise joints already from the manufacture of the parts and which, by simply interposing soft material when assembling the parts, would enable clean and sound bridge-free separating joints in a manner as in It would not be possible to produce a conventional construction method, but this great advantage is nullified by labor-intensive, firm connection of the parts, so that this precast concrete construction method is even less favorable than the conventional construction method in terms of structure-borne noise development and propagation.
• the apartment walls, ceilings and floors should not have a rigid connection with load-diverting, building stiffening building parts and with components of the neighboring apartments.
• any structurally necessary walls, supports or joists within an apartment restrict their free floor plan.
• Another object of the invention results from the knowledge that larger series of multi-storey residential buildings made of prefabricated concrete parts - and only larger series could reduce the construction costs drastically enough - only then possible are when these buildings are urban, architecturally acceptable or even pleasant.
• the large series of inferior panel construction are so unpleasant to remember that technical progress in this area alone is no longer sufficient; a significant urban and architectural improvement must also be associated with this progress.
• Multi-storey residential buildings may not be pretty houses in the green, but that is precisely why the longing desires of the urban residents of multi-storey residential buildings for a small house in the countryside, namely "own" four walls, a separate entrance, a separate front garden in front of the To own an apartment and a small garden behind it, even if only partially or as a substitute, to make it the defining standard of an inhabitant-friendly architecture, especially for multi-storey residential construction.
• the invention specified in claim 1 is therefore based on the problem that the construction to be found should not only offer cost-reducing quick installation, optimal sound insulation and flexible floor plan, but also a living architecture with open facade design and "hanging gardens" in front of and behind each apartment, glazed usable as conservatories with energy saving effect.
• Statics of the box element allows a large span with a small wall thickness, as well as through the crossbar (tension of the Box ceiling or box floor from the narrow sides to the cross bar) a large (discharging) field width with low panel thickness, and thus correspondingly low weight.
• the statics of the well-loaded, seamlessly stiffened stacking element in turn allows this building-stiffening component to be reduced to a size that can still be transported.
• the precast concrete parts can therefore be kept as large as possible or as small as necessary in order to optimally utilize the weight and dimensions of the frame that is still permissible for normal road transport and to avoid structurally unfavorable and labor-intensive joints. They can therefore be placed directly on top of one another, immediately fitting and immediately resilient, without extensive adjustment and fastening, by means of tolerance-compensating, structure-borne sound-insulating, buffering overloads.
• the structure although or precisely because it does not consist of rigidly connected parts, is elastic and insensitive, and remains stable even with major changes in the shape of the building, e.g. in the event of unequal reductions or
• the freely stored box elements which are not used for stiffening the building and transferring loads, which in themselves have a very considerable stiffening and load-bearing capacity, when overloaded and corresponding deformation of the building stiffening and load diverting components can be used to support or replace the building stiffening and load diverting so that these important functions remain intact.
• This is given, for example, by the fact that when the stack row is tilted outwards or inwards, the superimposed box elements are to be automatically stiffened by tilting them with the deflected stack elements - the rigidity of this frame can be determined by the width of the frame Adjust the vertical joint between the box and stacking element continuously, so to speak.
• the load-diverting safety reserve through the box elements is given by the fact that their narrow sides overlap, so that if one of the stacking elements fails, the load can be taken over by the overlapping parts of the narrow sides - the effectiveness of this safety reserve can be achieved by the width of the horizontal joint Also adjust steplessly between the overlapping parts of the narrow sides (it is advisable to make this joint "tight" by interposing elastic-soft material).
• the soundproofing of the apartments is of the best quality thanks to the double-shell design of all the walls, floors and ceilings surrounding the apartment with absolute separation of load-diverting components by means of easily checkable, possibly easily replaceable rubber intermediate storage.
• the floor plan of the apartment can be flexibly designed by the respective resident.
• Hot water, wall, floor and ceiling heating systems can be easily and easily concreted into all room-encircling concrete parts, only four per apartment - room-warm surfaces create the most pleasant living environment with a lower room temperature - this saves heating costs and ultimately even the concrete is more comfortable for living than the brick wall.
• Each apartment has its own entrance via a front garden, and a bright, privacy-protected, double-storey-high exterior on the other side, glazed as a winter garden with energy-saving effect, can also be used for soundproofing without glazing.
• the architectural design of the facade is open and flexible, any monotony can be avoided by using differently designed exterior elements, provided that the "hanging gardens" and their vegetation do not provide a living structure.
• the fact that the apartments are staggered gives the formability a new, lively element.
• the most important advantage is the drastic reduction in construction costs due to the industrial manufacture of the parts, cost-effective transportation, and the simplest and quickest assembly low personnel expenditure and correspondingly inexpensive utilization even of heavy lifting devices on the construction site.
• the embodiment according to claim 2 (FIG. 6) is an interesting possibility of increasing the elasticity of the building body in the direction of the long sides, and perhaps thus making the building even more earthquake-proof.
• the use of a frame element (25) also allows continuous' double-shell design of the outer spaces with enlarged, even better damping bearing surfaces between the load-bearing components of neighboring apartments, and also allows a section-by-section, stack-up lifting of the building, which favors the use of mobile cranes, since these then have to be moved less often.
• the embodiment according to claim 3 is, with the simultaneous possibility of forming a shaft for vertical lines, with the stack elements stacked directly on top of one another, in order to rule out a "zipper" effect which, if one stack element fails, leads to the failure of the next and thus to collapse of the whole building.
• this effect can be prevented with simple means and with absolute certainty, e.g. by the emergency supports according to claim 3, which are attached under the stacking elements in such a way that they are not normally loaded, and only become statically effective in the event of an emergency, i.e. after a stacking element has failed (and the component has accordingly dropped at this point), whereby Of course, it must be ensured that such an emergency support does not fall out together with the stack element to be replaced.
• the normally unloaded wall plate which is therefore easy to dampen against direct contact with load-deflecting components, also provides a large structure-borne sound-proof area in the lower area of the outside area.
• the embodiment according to claim 7 makes it possible to place the stacking elements on their supports quickly and in a self-adjusting manner, and to secure them against excessive displacement, in particular in the case of elastically soft intermediate layers, by providing an energy-consuming thrust friction path .
• the embodiment according to claim 8 makes it possible to secure the lower stacking elements against tipping with the help of a correspondingly designed foundation body in the case of high buildings or buildings prone to earthquakes.
• the bracing is simple to produce along the stacking elements in the shaft, passing through several storeys, and, since the bracing is very elastic, can further increase the seismic safety (FIG. 7).
• the embodiment according to claim 9 enables the use of the apartment sections remaining at the ends of the building on every second floor as small apartments of half the size, and enables a straight end of the building (FIGS. 3 and 13).
• the embodiment according to claim 10 makes it possible for the architect or the level or inclination of the stacking element top side to be provided by the horizontal or inclined plane at any height of the element, since the static stiffening function of the top side of the stacking element can also be provided to adapt tonic needs so that, for example, the stacking element forms a more or less deep trough at the top (Fig. 5), in which there is space for a meter-high paddling pool, for a floor layer for plants or for outdoor installations (e.g. central vacuum cleaner, air conditioning) is.
• the embodiment according to claim 11 enables a gradation of the building, albeit only slightly, without having insulation and sealing problems with underlying living spaces (FIG. 8).
• the embodiment according to claim 12 (Fig. 9, 10, 11, 12, 14) enables an architecturally very attractive development of the apartments, each with a half open staircase leading through a front garden, the level and the inclination of the top of the stacking element corresponding to claim 10 of the development is adapted, that is, the level will be slightly lower for the half-flight of stairs leading upwards, and the slope for the stairs going downwards.
• the embodiment according to claim 13 enables a quick and sound bridge-free installation of the access routes (Fig. 14) and the balcony in front of the outside.
• the configuration according to claim 14 makes it possible to use the double-storey-high outside space in front of the apartments as a winter garden with an energy-saving effect, and in particular in traffic-congested areas 12 urban areas to be used as additional sound insulation and as an airlock.
• FIGS. 1 to 14 Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing with reference to FIGS. 1 to 14 and are described in more detail below.
• box element 1 shows the main elements: box element 1, base plate element 2, ceiling plate element 3 and stacking element 4. Furthermore, one can see: a cross piece 5 and the brackets 6 of the box element, which are supported on the stacking element console 8 via the elastic-soft support 7 are, as well as a bolt 9 and its plug points in the stacking elements.
• FIG. 2 shows how the box elements are wedged against rotation about the longitudinal axis by means of suitable rubber molded pieces 10 between the support-like reinforcements 11 of the stacking element 4.
• FIG. 3 shows the building in the assembled state. You can see the staggered arrangement of the stacking elements 4, which form double-storey-high external spaces in front of the apartments, the support of the box elements 1 via elastic-soft supports 7, and the auxiliary elements at the end of the building, namely half the stacking edge element 12, the Wall element 13 functioning as an auxiliary support, and wall-floor-ceiling element 14, which has a resilient-soft support 15 rests on the underlying box element 1.
• Fig. 4 shows a stacking element 4 with support-like reinforcements 16 and thinner side walls 17, which creates space for a shaft for vertical lines 18.
• the wall plate 19 covering the shaft acts as an emergency support and must therefore be stiffened accordingly and above and below secured with bolts 20, which engage in matching holes 21 in the side walls of the stacking element above or above, against simultaneous falling out with the stacking element to be replaced, the bolts also being able to serve as hinges when opening the manhole cover.
• FIG. 5 shows a stacking element with an indented side wall for the formation of a lift shaft. Also visible is a part 22 of the manhole cover that also functions as an emergency support. Also shown is a lower and inclined upper side 23 of the stacking element with trough formation for planting soil or other purposes.
• FIG. 6 shows the variant according to claim 2.
• the stacking elements are supported on pendulum supports 24 or frame supports 25, which are connected to the adjacent stacking element in a buffered manner.
• Fig. 8 shows the terrace-like gradation possibility by decreasing depth of the stacking elements.
• 9 shows firstly the checkerboard-like arrangement of the stacking elements and secondly the access to the building via arcades which run every two floors at half the floor height and from which half stairs alternately lead up or down to the respective apartment. The levels for cuts A, B, C and D are given.
• FIG 11 shows the section D through the building in the area of the half-stairs leading upwards.
• the plane for section E is given.
• Figure 12 shows the two floor plan sections A and B of the building.
• Figure 13 shows the section E through the building. You can see the housing-forming elements, the box elements 1, the floor plate elements 2 and the ceiling plate elements 3, as well as the edge elements 13, 14 and 26, and the absolute double-shell nature of all components surrounding the room.
• FIG. 14 shows the prefabricated concrete part 27 to be suspended, which is dampened under structure-borne noise, which of course can also consist of two parts.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
• Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

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• 1994
  • 1994-03-28 DE DE4410773A patent/DE4410773A1/de not_active Ceased
• 1995
  • 1995-03-27 WO PCT/EP1995/001130 patent/WO1995026447A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1995-03-27 EP EP95928877A patent/EP0752035B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-03-27 DE DE59508899T patent/DE59508899D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-03-27 AT AT95928877T patent/ATE198088T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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