EP0748905A1 - Building element - Google Patents

Abstract

The component has chambers open to opposite seam sides and formed by individual parts of swelling material. Seam sections (18,19), preferably flat, are provided on opposite sides, being fixed to the parts (12) and holding them in place. They can be glued together, and can contain reinforcing material, typically wire running in the lengthwise and/or transverse directions. Protrusions and recesses can be provided at the external surfaces of the seam sections, so as to align similar components when fitted together, and can be situated in a set pattern.

Description

The invention relates to a structural element, in particular for walls, pillars or ceilings, with at least one interior space delimited by individual parts, the individual parts being breathable, and a method for its production, in particular in the field of building construction.

Building walls are usually made of brick or hollow blocks made of lightweight concrete or raised from in-situ concrete solidified between reusable formwork. Thermal and / or sound insulation must be carried out separately.

In DE-OS 41 23 762 a lost formwork made of excess material, such as plaster or waste paper, is proposed for concrete construction, the formwork becoming the surface of the component to be created. Compact composite materials are known for non-load-bearing parts, one component consisting of organic material, such as grass (DE-OS 39 21 337). In the single-layer lightweight insulation board according to DE-OS 41 14 755, particles made exclusively from shredded recycling material are used, water glass being used as the sole binder. Large-area components are known from DE-OS 24 26 593, the core of which, preferably made of reinforced concrete, is enclosed on its two narrow vertical surfaces and on its two large vertical surfaces by a jacket made of a resin-bonded material.

Methods are also known in which the formwork bodies consist of assembled individual parts. As described in AT 371 519, inner spacers are inserted between two shells, which are then glued, screwed or nailed. The inner sides of the outer plates and the contact points of the cube-like spacers are specified as adhesive surfaces.

In the DT 2 262 242, internal spacers made of steel filigree beams or a concrete-plastic mixture are also inserted, which are then glued at their contact points. The inner sides of the outer plates and the ends of the spacers parallel to the outer plates are specified as adhesive surfaces. The side parts also consist of a concrete-plastic mixture.

In DE-U-76 25 460.9 two parallel plates are connected to each other by rod-like spacers with plate-like extensions by means of gluing on the inner sides of the plates. The inner sides of the outer plates and the plate-like ends of the spacers parallel to the outer plates are specified as adhesive surfaces.

The spacers made of wood or steel in DE-U-76 19 804 are also on the inside of the chipboard and are screwed or glued to them at their contact points.

The above-mentioned writings, which deal with the creation of formwork from individual parts, show ways in which this can be achieved, but the problem with the use of individual components of the components consisting of organic additives (wood, reeds, straw, etc.) is not discussed and the subsequent filling with liquid fillers, such as Concrete, pointed out.

In the case of formwork blocks, in which the chamber-shaped cavity formed by these blocks is usually filled with concrete after dry bricking, there is also an increasing tendency to use starting material consisting of two components. In a wood-concrete formwork block, short wood shavings are mineralized with the help of cement, which improves the thermal insulation when using cheap wood waste products. Such stones or wall building materials are produced in a casting and / or vibrating process with floor pavers, carousel or similar machines and a sufficient number of high-quality molds. The service life of the molds is relatively short, since the original dimensions of the mold suffer from wear when the filling material is compacted. The effort is particularly great if different stone types and stone shapes are to be provided, e.g. Bay stones.

A major disadvantage is that such bricks or wall building materials do not have the desired dimensional accuracy for two reasons: by shrinking and deforming the not yet set filling compound and the short production cycle and by using expensive, complicated shapes that wear out over time dimensionally accurate, more or less deformed building materials, which must be subjected to labor-intensive post-processing at the installation site at the latest if they are to be used in dry construction, ie without mortar. With a higher requirement profile, stones or wall materials can only be brought to the desired dimensional tolerances by milling or cutting the blanks up to 6 sides. In addition to a high reject rate, this also creates larger amounts of waste that must be disposed of. Milling the formwork blocks also has major disadvantages to achieve the desired rectangularity. Due to pressure and vibration of the milling cutters, the raw bodies are so heavily stressed that often only when the formwork blocks are filled at the construction site do they break open and the filling concrete emerges and thus cause damage. Another disadvantage is that in the production of the known stones in the mold, the smaller, mostly also heavier and firmer particles of the elastic, flowable starting material settle at the bottom of the mold, so that a density gradient, also over the side surface, from bottom to top , occurs, which not only has an adverse effect on the strength properties; since each stone is also inhomogeneous on its visible surface, such stones form an inhomogeneous outer surface in the composite, zones of greater density alternating with those of lower density; this is undesirable since the total area formed from the stones does not have the same properties overall. However, the definition of 3-dimensional, expensive filling forms also prevents wall building materials from being produced whose wall thickness is based exclusively on the static requirements. If, in addition, different strength zones arise in the bond, this can lead to fracture points in the weak zones of chamber-shaped stones, at which the in-situ concrete filled in the chamber can escape. Since wood-concrete formwork blocks made in molds are generally manufactured in the usual dimensions in accordance with the applicable standards, in many cases a complex preparation of the stones to the desired dimensions is required on site. In addition, due to the large transport volume of the wall building materials and the relatively small amount of raw materials used, the above-described methods prevent production at locations with low material and labor costs. Also, newer raw materials, such as super reed grass, are difficult or impossible to use, if at all, only very crushed.

Many patents show a way to a higher-quality formwork block through a different manufacturing technique, such as by manufacturing the individual components and then assembling the individual parts using screws, dowels or gluing - but they do not seem to address the disadvantages of these joining techniques. Already in the document DE-U-76.25460 the disadvantages of screwing and nailing (here metal parts that can lead to discoloration of the wall surface, as well as low strength to withstand the backfill pressure), dowels (here weakening by reducing the plate cross-section due to the presence) of holes and slots which follow one another at relatively short intervals).

It should also be borne in mind that metal parts that are introduced into the formwork body from the outside inwards usually run through the material layer in which the dew point is later located. Especially with highly insulating formwork parts made from natural products, e.g. in the case of wood chip concrete, the dew point is very close to the weather-facing side. Since nails and screws, made of metal, are very good heat conductors, condensation can be expected on their surface.

Bonding the individual parts directly to one another seems to be the most used. The spacers (webs) are provided with an adhesive at the contact points with the outer plates and pressed onto the inner side surfaces of the outer plate. After the curing time, the individual parts are non-positively connected. The disadvantage of this connection technique is that breathing, i.e. the moisture and air transportability of the component, which was largely given by the old molding production process, is disturbed. The moisture transportability of the component is disturbed because the adhesive that can be used for this application must be very tight and therefore acts as a vapor barrier. Since the filling compound is usually concrete and, as is known, due to its density, it cannot absorb moisture or transport it by capillary action, the webs are the only way to transport room moisture to the outer skin, from which it is then vented. The use of adhesive in the manner described on the end faces of the webs thus has the effect that the moisture accumulating in a building, which is caused by showering, washing clothes, boiling, evaporation of the human and / or animal body, is not sufficient to the extent External walls added and can not move to the outside of the house and thus remains in the building. The resulting health disadvantages, such as mold and / or mold stains on the outer wall north side or on the non-sheltered house corners, can be read in the press at almost regular intervals. This can be remedied by adequate ventilation, but this solution leads to heat loss.

The fresh air entering through the webs of the formwork body (on the windward side - pressure) and the escaping used indoor air (on the windward side - suction) is also used of adhesive on the contact points of the formwork webs, greatly reduced. Even if the proportion of fresh air supplied through the wall is small, it is essential for windows and doors that close more and more tightly.

When constructing walls with chamber-shaped filling elements, from the point of view of statics, an exact construction method must be observed. So it is essential that the webs of the formwork body are stacked on top of each other in such a way that the cross-section of the later load-bearing vertical parts, usually the filling material made of concrete, does not take place. Since formwork bodies are mainly used by construction workers, this component should lead to a forced procedure for non-specialists.

Since in the case of formwork bodies made from individual parts, the outer formwork parts can be of different nature, but this is not always visually recognizable, a forced procedure for the non-specialist is also advantageous here in order to avoid construction errors.

Another weak point is that the formwork body, which has not yet been poured out, can be easily moved during the construction phase. Due to the activities carried out on the building with all sorts of equipment, there are always shifts due to the components in the association being pushed. Even strong gusts of wind often require realignment of wall elements that have not yet been filled. This additional cost-intensive work can be avoided with a formwork element adjusted to this maladjustment.

If formwork elements are used below the surface of the earth, or if the spacing of the stiffening walls is too large for a wall panel, the filling compound must generally be reinforced. So that the inserted reinforcement can also optimally fulfill its function over a long period of time, it is necessary that the reinforcement is coated on all sides with the required minimum thickness of concrete in order not to corrode. This means that precautions must be taken to guarantee that the reinforcing steel is in precisely defined positions according to the structural requirements. Here too, a formwork body constructed accordingly can lead to time and cost savings.

It is also not clear from the writings which precautions have been taken in the case of formwork bodies made from individual parts around a structure against rising damp, while avoiding Protect impregnation materials or use of compressed materials.

The present invention aims to eliminate the disadvantages described above, in particular to provide a component which can be designed in a variable manner and which not only has the same physical advantages, in particular the breathing, of the components produced from a casting, but also improves them and is therefore technically simple and to provide inexpensive processes for its production. Nevertheless, the component should be extremely dimensionally stable in the finished state, in particular not shrink, so that no post-processing is required, be dimensionally stable, unbreakable, more capable of vapor diffusion, more breathable and more homogeneous than previous components made of comparable materials. The processing of the components created according to the invention should also be quicker, easier and more appropriate for the layperson. In addition, it should be possible to carry out the respective production stages for preliminary products at the most cost-effective locations. According to the invention, the problems are solved by the measures proposed in the claims, which are also part of the description.

In particular, a component that breathes very well is realized if the component is provided on opposite joint sides with a joint part that is fastened to the individual parts, preferably mainly flat, the joint parts holding the individual parts together in a firm bond.

The joint parts, which can generally have a thickness of 5 to 15 mm, for example 5, 10 or 15 mm, bring about a firm bond between the individual parts, so that a strong mutual direct connection of the individual parts can be dispensed with. At the mutual contact points of the individual parts, a simple, curable filler can be attached that does not hinder breathing.

In order to prevent the outer walls from breaking out when the components are filled with concrete, for example, it is advantageous if the joint parts and / or individual parts comprise reinforcement. Such reinforcement can include wire-like reinforcement elements extending in the transverse and / or longitudinal direction of the component, such as metal wires, but reinforcement of glass fibers and / or organic fiber materials can also be used very well.

The joint parts, with recesses and projections that fit into one another, ensure precise stacking of the components and prevent the stacked components from moving.

Moving the stacked components is further hampered if the other joint sides have tongue and groove.

The breathing of the components can still be improved if the joint parts themselves are breathing. In this case, breathing can take place via the joint parts, so that the intermediate webs between the outer plates of the component can be dispensed with.

The components according to the invention can be used very advantageously as lost formwork.

The exterior and / or interior dimensions, which can be designed variably, for example, chamber-shaped components for building walls and ceilings, consist of assembled, no longer shrinking and dimensionally stable individual parts as sub-units, which in turn consist of a larger unit created in 1 manufacturing process, e.g. Plate, stem. Even if the starting material for plate production consists of 1 inorganic and 1 organic component, e.g. Lightweight concrete and wood shavings exist, the individual parts with comparable properties lead to the desired finished component, the advantageous properties which are used with the panel production being transferred via the individual parts to the structured component of the desired size and dimension.

The individual parts of the component according to the invention are preferably made from a starting mixture of 2 or more components.

Compared to the production in the casting mold, the following cumulative advantages result in particular: Different components of the starting material of the individual parts can be varied to a greater extent; e.g. biomaterial with longer dimensions can be used. The plate production leads to more homogeneous preliminary products, which not least has an advantageous effect on the strength properties up to the finished product. Plate production can take place at the most cost-effective locations, as can further processing after a material-specific storage period for the raw plates. For mass production, part-specific recesses and shapes can already be taken into account in large-scale plate production.

The components can be made more variable, not only in terms of dimensions, but also the individual parts, which depend on the static requirements also come from various raw panels with different chemical / physical and / or strength properties, thickness dimensions or layers. In particular, the individual parts are extremely true to size, so that no labor-intensive post-processing is required and thus no waste is generated which would in turn have to be disposed of. Because no expensive molds are required, the manufacturing process can be carried out in stages and can be matched to the final dimensions of the finished component at any time, manufacturing is more cost-effective.

According to the invention, the most varied of requirements can surprisingly be met together. In the first connecting step, the individual parts are brought into contact with one another in a form-fitting and / or non-positive manner at their contact points, by means of which dimensional tolerances due to the product can also be compensated for and greater resistance to breakage achieved. Preferably, the upper, rougher and less dimensionally accurate side of the plate forms the inner surface and thus the contact point of the individual part on the finished component, while the smooth and dimensionally accurate side of the plate is the visible surface of the individual part and thus also in the finished component. In the simplest case, the adhesive connection for the conventional materials essentially consists of cement or resin or plastic, in which substances that improve tensile forces, such as glass fibers or metal threads, can also be embedded. In order to ensure the contact between the multi-wall sheets and the side parts and to achieve an improved moisture / steam diffusion behavior, a moisture-transportable mass, e.g. a sawdust-wood chips-cement mixture, can be introduced into the resulting cavities between the multi-wall sheet and the side part . However, it is also possible to bring the dimensionally accurate, inner surfaces of the side parts to size, for example by milling, and then to join the parts and to connect them positively and / or non-positively using the connection technology already described. In the second connection step, a prefabricated joining part, which looks similar to an engine cylinder head gasket, is applied to the upper and to the lower contact surface of the already connected intermediate webs and side parts. One joining part is provided with elevations, preferably round knobs, and the other joining part preferably has round holes. The joining part with the holes arranged in a grid should preferably be applied at the top and the joining part with the knobs arranged in a grid should accordingly be applied to the lower surface will. When the finished components are put on, the lower knobs of the component of the second layer then snap into the holes of the component of the first layer and thus bring about the desired exact positioning, anchoring and stiffening. The material of the joining parts is preferably made of plastic. Materials made from biological components and / or metal sheets and / or nets can also be considered as further materials. The connection between the prefabricated component and the molded joining part should preferably be made by gluing - screwing or nailing is also possible, since the screws or nails do not penetrate the visible surface.

With a somewhat higher level of machine use, it is also possible to produce the joining parts directly on the component. The individual parts are brought into the predetermined positions, enclosed in a mold and the parts to be joined are melted in an injection molding process using plastic granulate and heat, or their final appearance is deformed when using prefabricated forms. This procedure also allows the use of recycled plastics from waste management. Materials that improve tensile forces, such as, for example, can already be melted during the melting of the parts to be joined onto the intermediate webs and side parts. Metal wires and / or glass fibers and / or organic fibers and / or nets are introduced.

The finished component preferably has a tongue and groove on its end faces, via which it comes into engagement with adjacent components. The simplest type of tongue and groove is created when the individual parts are positioned by briefly moving the end intermediate webs in one direction.

An improved heat and / or sound insulation is preferably achieved by a support or a slide-in made of appropriate common materials.

The plate production itself is described in detail in the European patent application 93.202891 by the applicant. After a material-specific storage period, the individual parts are expediently separated from the plate in the desired dimensions and then joined and connected to the finished component. The components according to the invention are superior to those made in the molds from comparable materials with regard to dimensional accuracy, stability, fracture resistance, resilience and variability, and from a cost perspective. Without time-consuming conversion of the manufacturing and processing method the advantageous properties can be used for components in any dimensions.

Fig.1a-b:

Herstellungsablauf zur Fertigung eines Seitenteiles für das Standard-Bauelements;

Fig.2a-d:

Herstellungsablauf zur Fertigung eines Zwischensteges für das Standard-Bauelements;

Fig.3a-e:

Fugeteile und Varianten davon für besondere Bausituationen;

Fig.4a-e:

Bestandteile eines erfindungsgemäßen Standard-Bauelements in perspektivischer Ansicht;

Fig.5a-b:

Herstellungsablauf zur Fertigung eines Standard-Bauelements, sowie Fig. 5c mehrere Bauelemente als Wandbaustoff im Verbund;

Fig.6a-c:

Fertig montiertes Bauelement in beziehungsweise Draufsicht, Seitenansicht und Seitenansicht;

Fig.7a-d:

Endzwischenstegteil mit Nut- und Feder als Variante eines erfindungsgemäßen Standard-Bauelement in Seitenansicht (Fig. 7a, 7b), Draufsicht (Fig. 7c) und 2-lagige Versetzanordnung von 4 Bauelementen (Fig. 7d);

Fig.8a-d:

1 Standard-Bauelement nach Fig. 6 und 3 Bauelementvarianten für besondere Bausituationen;

Fig.9a-d:

4 Bauelementvarianten für besondere Bausituationen,

Fig.10:

1-lagige Versetzanordnung von 3 Bauelementen mit aus dem Rastermaß gehenden Dicken,

Fig.11a-c:

weiblicher Fugeteil für Deckensystemsteine, in beziehungsweise Draufsicht (Fig.11a), Seitenansicht (Fig.11b), und Seitenansicht (Fig.11c);

Fig.12a-c:

männlicher Fugeteil für Deckensystemsteine, in beziehungsweise Draufsicht (Fig.12a), Seitenansicht (Fig.12b), und Seitenansicht (Fig.12c);

Fig.13:

in Explosiondarstellung einen Deckenstein nach der Erfindung;

Fig.14:

perspektivisch den Deckenstein von Fig.13;

Fig.15:

perspektivisch eine Decke von Deckensteine nach Fig.14;

Fig.16:

einen mit einem Auflagesteg versehenen Fugeteil für einen weiteren Deckenstein;

Fig.17:

in Explosionsdarstellung einen weiteren Deckenstein nach der Erfindung; und

Fig.18:

perspektivisch den Deckenstein von Fig.17.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig.1a-b:

Manufacturing process for the manufacture of a side part for the standard component;

Fig.2a-d:

Manufacturing process for the production of an intermediate web for the standard component;

Fig.3a-e:

Joint parts and variants thereof for special building situations;

Fig.4a-e:

Components of a standard component according to the invention in a perspective view;

Fig.5a-b:

Manufacturing process for the manufacture of a standard component, and Fig. 5c several components as a wall building material in the composite;

Fig.6a-c:

Completely assembled component in top view, side view and side view;

Fig.7a-d:

End intermediate web part with tongue and groove as a variant of a standard component according to the invention in a side view (FIGS. 7a, 7b), top view (FIG. 7c) and 2-layer offset arrangement of 4 components (FIG. 7d);

Fig.8a-d:

1 standard component according to FIGS. 6 and 3 component variants for special construction situations;

Fig.9a-d:

4 component variants for special building situations,

Fig. 10:

1-layer offset arrangement of 3 components with thicknesses that go beyond the grid dimension,

Fig.11a-c:

female joint part for ceiling system stones, in or top view (Fig.11a), side view (Fig.11b), and side view (Fig.11c);

Fig.12a-c:

male joint part for ceiling system stones, in or top view (Fig.12a), side view (Fig.12b), and side view (Fig.12c);

Fig. 13:

an exploded view of a ceiling stone according to the invention;

Fig. 14:

perspective the ceiling stone of Fig.13;

Fig. 15:

perspective a ceiling of ceiling stones according to Fig.14;

Fig. 16:

a joint part provided with a support web for a further ceiling stone;

Fig. 17:

in exploded view another ceiling tile according to the invention; and

Fig. 18:

perspective the ceiling stone from Fig. 17.

The individual parts 5 (FIG. 1), 12, 15 (FIG. 2), 12 'are made from the large-area plates 1 (FIG. 1), 10 (FIG. 2) produced as described in the European patent application 93.202891 by the applicant. (Fig. 7 ac), 37 (Fig. 8b), 44-46 (Fig. 13), which then have the corresponding technical properties of the solidified raw sheet material. The desired material properties of the individual parts are usually set through the selection of the casting materials.

For individual parts 5; 12; 12 ', 15; 37; 44-46; which, according to the invention, are cut out from raw panels with defined properties and a certain thickness and to form the finished component 31 (FIG. 5c); 50-53 (Fig. 8a-d); 54-57 (Fig. 9a-d); 62 (Fig. 14); 66 (Fig. 18); to be assembled in the desired dimensions, as far as preferably chamber-shaped components 31; 50-57; are discussed, a distinction is made between outer / inner plates 5 and webs 12, 12 ', 15, 37 as superordinate terms. Each part separated from the raw plate has a smooth side 9 (FIG. 1), which preferably becomes the outside or visible surface, and a rougher inside 8, which is suitable as a connecting point 33 (FIGS. 5b and 6) for joining the individual parts . The outside is also the side of the component that e.g. is facing the weather side of the building. This should distinguish those, usually shorter, individual parts and as webs / inner webs 12 (Fig.2; 4-6); End inner webs 12 '(Fig.7); 37 (Fig.8) are referred to, which are enclosed in chamber-shaped components by the outer or inner plates 5 (Fig.5; 6). In the simplest case, a rectangular component of 2 identical outer / inner panels 5 and 2 identical, shorter-dimensioned webs 12 is formed in this designation, without the following distinction being always made in the following for components which are intended for external walls that the panel , which faces the outside of the outer wall, is to be the outer plate and the plate facing the inside (room side) of the component inner plate if the two plates which surround the webs have the same thickness and the same material properties.

Of course, the invention allows all individual parts, whether as an outer plate, inner plate or inner web or end inner web, to be matched to the respective requirements with regard to material properties and strength. Only in the event that one side is specially reinforced on the outside / weather side and consists of 2 or more layers this will be emphasized. For better differentiation, components 50-57; 62; 66 circumscribed with common short names.

As shown in FIG. 1, units 5 (FIG. 1c) are released at the marked separation points 4 (FIG. 1b), preferably after a material-specific storage time, when the raw plate is dimensionally stable and no longer shrinks. As a rule, the form-smooth underside 3 of the raw panel 1 or the individual part / the outer / inner panel 5 becomes a visible surface on the component 9 (FIG.

2 shows an analogous procedure for the production of the individual part 12 (FIG. 2c), which inner webs are to form on the component (FIG. 6). The special design, in the example in the form of cutouts 11, can already be taken into account in the casting mold, which leads to a raw plate 10 with corresponding cutouts 11 (FIG. 2a), the separation points 4 being chosen (FIG. 2a) that Individual parts 12 or 15 in the desired dimensions (Fig. 2c or 2d) can be removed, preferably also when the raw plate is dimensionally stable and no longer shrinks. If, on the other hand, the individual parts are to have elevations and / or certain shapes, this can be accomplished by means of manufacturing molds which have corresponding depressions or shapes. That for the individual parts 12; 15, in the example of the case for the inner webs 12, the material used can differ from the material used for the outer or inner plates 5, in particular from a static point of view; the raw plate 10 can e.g. have a higher organic content than the raw plate 1 for the individual parts 5, or the raw plate 10 can have more main components in the starting material than the raw plate 1 and vice versa.

3 shows a female standard joint part 18 (FIG. 3a) for the upper bed joint on the component (FIG. 6) and a male standard joint part 19 (FIG. 3a) for the lower bed joint, analogous to a definition from the electrical field on the component (Fig. 6), each in a perspective top view and in two side views. The standard joint part 18 is preferably connected by gluing the lower side 22 to the long side surfaces 6 of the outer plates 5 and to the side surfaces 13 of the inner webs 12, and the standard joint part 19 is preferably connected to the long side surfaces 7 by gluing its lower side 24 Outer plates 5 and connected to the side surfaces 14 of the inner webs 12. The female joint part 18 has, preferably arranged in a grid Round holes / recesses 20, 200 into which the knobs 21 present in the male joint part 19 fit when they are placed one against the other. The recesses 20 are arranged in such a way that, by receiving projections 19, components can be stacked to form a flat wall in jumping connections (see, for example, FIG. 5c) and in a non-jumping connection. The recesses 200 enable projections 19 to be received when components are stacked in a crossed manner (see, for example, FIG. 7d). When reducing the outer dimensions of the joint parts 18; 19; (Figs. 3c-3e); and when using sufficiently resilient material, such as joint parts reinforced with a tear-proof net, the cutouts 200 provided on the edge can be omitted. Fig.3c-3e shows more resilient joint parts. The reinforcement 26 installed in / on the joint parts (FIGS. 3c-3e); 27; 29; is used to provide greater resistance to the filling pressure when filling the interior of the components in order to prevent the outer walls from breaking out and to achieve higher filling heights. Under some circumstances, the reinforcement can only run over the outer plates 5 and / or over the inner webs 12 (or some inner webs 12). All joint parts can be connected to their respective contact surfaces as a variant and / or in combination with nails and / or with screws.

Another variant is the direct creation of the joint parts when assembling the component (Fig. 6). The individual parts are brought into the predetermined positions, enclosed in a mold and the parts to be joined are melted in an injection molding process using plastic granulate and heat, or their final appearance is deformed when using prefabricated forms. This procedure also allows the use of recycled plastics from waste management. Materials that improve tensile forces, such as, for example, can already be melted during the melting of the parts to be joined onto the intermediate webs and side parts. Metal wires and / or glass fibers and / or organic fibers are introduced. The elevations 21 on the joint part 19 and the depressions 20 on the joint part 18 are also possible by deforming or melting the joint parts.

Fig. 4 shows all the individual parts that are required to manufacture a standard component. Here, more than 1 part of inner web 12 is required.

5 a and 5 b show the component (FIG. 6) in a two-stage exploded view, the individual parts 5 in the first stage and 12 lead to the intermediate component 30, and in the second stage the intermediate component and the joint parts 18 and 19 lead to the finished component 31. As a rule, it will be sufficient if the individual parts 5; 12 brought into contact at their connection points 33 and held together in a dimensionally stable manner, for example by gluing with a breathing adhesive, in a suitable cement or resin or plastic. But even holding the individual parts together by pressing the individual parts together, possibly in combination with an adhesive at the connection points 33, gives adequate dimensional stability.

The components 31 in turn can be assembled so that they engage in the manner of tongue and groove. The joint part 18 with its lower side 22 is then glued onto the component 30 on the upper stacking surface and the joint part 19 with its upper side 24 onto the lower stacking surface of the component 30. Other types of connections have already been discussed. If a component with a high vapor diffusion capacity is desired, all individual parts of the component 31 must be positioned, fixed and then in one step, by gluing the joint part 18; 19 to connect. Then the cavities between the inner webs 12 and the inner sides 8 of the outer plates 5 are to be filled. 5c shows a plurality of box-shaped components 31 in the composite as a patch wall 32, which with e.g. Fill in concrete.

6a-c show the component 31 (from FIG. 5c) in a side view (FIG. 6b and 6c) and a top view (FIG. 6a), with an additional material, for example insulating material 67 for sound and / or thermal insulation.

Alternatively, the end inner webs 12 '(FIGS. 7a-7c) can also be provided with a tongue 35 and a groove 36, so that if required, positive engagement can be supplemented by positive engagement. FIG. 7 a shows such an end inner web 12 ′ in plan view and FIGS. 7 b and 7 c show the end inner web 12 ′ in side views. Of course, tongue and groove connections are not only to be used at the respective ends of the component. So it goes without saying that inner webs 12 can also have tongue and groove at their connecting points 33, which is then also taken into account in the production process by means of appropriate casting molds.

The component according to FIG. 8b can also be manufactured such that, for example, 1 end inner web 12 with recesses 11 on one side and 1 end inner web 37 without recesses on the other side are installed.

A tongue and groove formation on the end faces, which increases stability in the wall structure 32, can also be achieved by slightly shifting the end inner webs in the same direction before attaching the joint parts, so that one end inner web jumps out of the component and the other end inner web jumps into the component .

FIG. 7d shows four components with joint parts 18, 19 in two layers in order to clarify the ability to build walls with right-angled interlocking walls. The lower layer consists of 3 components indicated by the overhead joint parts 18 and the upper layer of 1 components indicated by the overhead joint part 18 '. The knobs 21 of the upper layer engage in the holes 20 of the lower layer.

8a-d essentially show modifications of the chamber-shaped, rectangular element of FIG. 6. If the component 50 comes a wood-concrete shuttering block for use (Fig.8a), the inner webs 12 are preferably bordered on both sides by reinforced, two-layer outer panels 5. Further differences consist in the fact that, in the case of a so-called opening edge element 51 (FIG. 8b), in contrast to the standard element with a multilayer-reinforced outer plate, the end inner web 37 has no opening 11 and is therefore flush with the outer plates. The opening edge element 52 (FIG. 8c) has an integrated belt roll winder box 38. This is also an example of the fact that one component can be integrated on another component. The wall element 53 (FIG. 8d) has only two outer plates 5 and an upper and lower joint part 18; 19, so that it is particularly suitable for the full core spout.

9a-d show further components 54, 55, 56, 57 which are suitable for typing; These include, for example, pillar elements, square 54, round 55, oriel wall elements 56 with, for example, multi-layer outer and edge panels, corner wall elements 57. According to the invention, these components are made up of assembled, no longer shrinking and dimensionally stable individual parts as sub-units, which in turn consist of a single or different raw panels come with the same or different properties, the latter being created in 1 manufacturing process. Depending on the desired properties of the component, the material for the raw plate, the number of materials, the composition and the amount can be varied, and the manufacturing process can be controlled so that layering occurs.

10 shows the corner formation for thicker wall elements. To return to the grid, a corner stone 57 is required, which can be created according to the same manufacturing principle.

11a-c show, for ceiling tiles, a female joint part 40 with cutouts 41 in 1 perspective top view (FIG. 11a) and 2 side views (FIG. 11b and 11c).

12a-c show in the same way a male joint part 42 with knobs or raised areas. The manufacturing principle, material properties and variations correspond to that of the components already discussed above.

13 and 14 show a ceiling stone element 62 or in an exploded view and in a perspective view from below. The upper pressure plate 44 and a lower tension plate 45 enclose the outer bearing webs 47 and the central web 46. The support webs 47 can be obtained by diagonal cutting from 1 raw plate. The front and rear end faces of the ceiling tile are each connected to a joint part 42 or 40. In connection with lattice girders 49, a building ceiling 63 can be prepared with the ceiling stone elements 62, as shown in FIG.

Fig. 16-18 show an alternative 66 for ceiling stones for the frontal use of the joint parts.

Since both the shape, size, wall thickness, etc., as well as the material properties of the proposed component vary almost arbitrarily and can be adjusted to the desired physical, chemical and strength properties, the subject of the invention can be used in the entire construction sector, including civil engineering . Depending on the application profile, the individual parts come from the same or different, u. U. multilayer raw panels, possibly with different layer thicknesses; the layers can be adjusted so that they are either more compressive or tensile. This in turn can be supported by intermediate layers made of plastic, metal or textile nets, the mixing behavior of the flowable layer being simultaneously reduced by the intermediate layers in the manufacturing process.

By using the joint parts, well breathing building walls and ceilings can be realized with the components of the invention. Reinforcing the components by installing reinforcement in or on the joint parts results in inventive components which are very good as lost Formwork elements are useful. The breathing of walls or ceilings constructed with the inventive components can be further improved if the joint parts comprise a breathing material. Recesses in and cracks on the joint parts improve the mutual connection of the assembled components of the invention.

parts list

1

Raw slab (perspective view - from above)

2nd

Upper, more accurate side of the raw plate 1

3rd

Lower, smooth side of the raw panel 1

4th

Cutting lines of the raw panels

5

Outer side part separated from a raw plate 1

6

Upper edge surface of an outer side part 5

7

Lower edge surface of an outer side part 5

8th

Inner, web-facing surface of an outer side part 5

9

Outer surface of an outer side part 5

10th

Raw panel for inner web parts (perspective view - from above)

11

Material cutouts

12th

Inner part of the bridge

13

Upper edge surface of the inner intermediate web part 12

15

Inner spacer part (alternative)

14

Lower edge surface of the inner intermediate web part 12

16

Upper edge surface of the inner intermediate web part 15

17th

Lower edge surface of the inner intermediate web part 15

18th

Upper joint molding (perspective view - from above)

18 '

Upper joint molding (short side view)

18 ''

Upper joint molding (long side view)

19th

Lower joint molding (perspective view - from above)

19 '

Lower joint molding (short side view)

19 ''

Lower joint molding (long side view)

20th

Joint opening (s) in the upper joint molding

21

Joining knob (s) in the lower joining part

22

Adhesive / connecting surface of the upper joint molding

23

Contact surface of the next higher component row

24th

Adhesive / connecting surface of the lower molded part

25th

Contact surface of the next lower component row

26

Reinforcement

27

Reinforcement mesh reinforcement

28

Joining strip

29

Reinforcement bars

30th

Prefabricated wall element

31

Finished wall element

32

Patch wall

33

Junction bars with side panels

34

Joints molded part with side parts and inner web parts

35

feather

36

Groove

37

End inner web without recess (alternative)

37

End inner web

38

End inner web with integrated roller shutter belt winder housing (alternative)

39

Lateral shaped stone joint molding (alternative)

40

Rear ceiling stone joint molding with holes

41

Joining openings in the rear ceiling stone joint molding

42

Front ceiling stone joint molding with joint knobs

43

Fitting knobs in the front ceiling stone joint molding

44

Upper pressure plate

45

Lower tension plate of a ceiling stone element

46

Mittelsteg

47

Support outer web

48

Ceiling stone element (s) in the processed state

49

Lattice girder

50

Connected wall building material as a standard element

51

Opening edge element

52

Opening edge element with integrated belt roller shutter winder box

53

Wall element for full core pouring

54

Pillar element (square)

55

Pillar element (round)

56

Bay wall element

57

Corner wall element

58

Construction scheme for non-grid wall thickness

59

Rear ceiling stone joint molding (perspective top view and 2 side views)

60

Front ceiling stone joint molding (perspective top view and 2 side views)

61

Single part representation of a ceiling stone element (explosive view from below)

62

Ceiling stone element with front molded parts (perspective view - from below)

63

Perspective ceiling view from above of ceiling made of lattice girders and ceiling stone elements

64

Lateral shaped stone joint molding (in top, side and perspective view)

65

Ceiling stone element with side molded parts (perspective exploded view from below)

66

Finished ceiling stone element with side molded parts (perspective view from below)

67

Product-improving additive as insert or support (additional material)

Claims (19)

Component, in particular for walls, pillars or ceilings, with at least one interior space which is delimited by individual parts and is open to the opposite joint side, the individual parts being breathable, characterized in that the component on opposite joint sides with a joint part, preferably mainly flat, fastened to the individual parts is provided, the joint parts holding the individual parts together in a firm bond. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the joint parts are glued to the individual parts. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joint parts and / or individual parts comprise reinforcement. Component according to claim 3, characterized in that the reinforcement comprises wire-like reinforcing elements extending in the transverse and / or longitudinal direction of the component. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joint parts are provided on the side facing away from the individual parts with recesses and projections, the recesses and projections being shaped to fit into one another, and are fitted such that when they are provided with projections and recesses Interlock parts of an identical component, the individual parts of identical superimposed components are placed on the same line. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the joint parts is provided with recesses on the side facing away from the individual parts, and in that the other of the joint parts is provided with projections on the side facing away from the individual parts, the recesses and projections are formed to fit into each other, and are mounted so that when they engage with projections and recesses of the joint parts of an identical component, the individual parts of identical superimposed components are placed on the same line. Component according to one of claims 5-6, characterized in that the recesses and projections are arranged according to a grid. Component according to Claim 6, characterized in that the cutouts and projections are arranged according to a first grid, and in that the joint part with cutouts comprises further cutouts, the further cutouts being arranged according to a second grid, and the second grid mainly with an over 90 ° rotated first grid matches. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the further joint sides of the component have tongue and groove. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that support webs are attached to the further joint sides of the component. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joint parts have support webs. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual parts are separated from one or more larger, prefabricated units. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual parts are glued to one another with a breathing material, preferably the same material from which the individual parts are made. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joint parts are breathing. Use of a component according to one of the preceding claims as lost formwork. Process for the production of components according to one of claims 1-14, characterized in that the individual parts into the final mutual position are brought together and held together, and that a flat joint part is attached to each of the opposite joint sides, which is firmly connected to the joint side surfaces of the individual parts. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the individual parts are brought together and held together in a casting mold, and in that the joint parts are melted on the joint side surfaces in a casting process. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that reinforcements are attached to the joint side surfaces and that the reinforcements are embedded in the casting material during the casting process. Method according to one of the preceding claims 16-18, characterized in that the individual parts are separated from one or more larger, prefabricated units.

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