EP0745805B1 - Boiler - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0745805B1
EP0745805B1 EP96108648A EP96108648A EP0745805B1 EP 0745805 B1 EP0745805 B1 EP 0745805B1 EP 96108648 A EP96108648 A EP 96108648A EP 96108648 A EP96108648 A EP 96108648A EP 0745805 B1 EP0745805 B1 EP 0745805B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
flue gas
boiler according
section
insert
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96108648A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0745805A2 (en
EP0745805A3 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Dipl.Ing. Weishaupt
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Pyropac AG
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Pyropac AG
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Publication of EP0745805A3 publication Critical patent/EP0745805A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F23M9/06—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in fire-boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/263—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body with a dry-wall combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/09062—Tube-shaped baffles confining the flame

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler with internal flue gas recirculation for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels with a face arranged burner, the flame of which is open in the direction of flow Fire chamber insert is guided, which is surrounded by a water chamber and flows downstream into a deflection room with a flue gas collection room communicates via a flue gas duct formation which is from the deflection space seen from a first section of the channel length between the Outer wall of the combustion chamber insert and the inner wall of a second area of the water space and then through a transition zone over a second, extending in the same direction of the longitudinal axis of the furnace insert Section of the channel length along a first area of the water space runs from which transition zone an inside leads through the Outer jacket of the firebox insert limited branch duct for the intake a partial return gas flow is provided, which is the combustion chamber over the circumferential area of the burner tube due to the injector effect the fuel flowing out of the burner tube and leading to flame formation or fuel mixtures is supplied.
  • Such a boiler is known from EP 0 387 859 A2 and is explained in detail there with regard to the physicochemical principles for reducing NO x formation and the importance of recycling a partial flue gas flow inside the boiler.
  • the boiler proposed there is characterized by the tapping of the partial flue gas flow to be returned to the combustion chamber, approximately in the central region of the longitudinal extension of the flue gas duct formation, which ensures that the burner flame is cooled in the combustion chamber not only by supplying cooler flue gas, but also by the flame formation zone the outside of the combustion chamber insert 7 is swept by the cooled partial smoke stream.
  • the invention has for its object to make a boiler of the type mentioned and described above with comparable NO x behavior much simpler and thus to make its manufacture significantly cheaper.
  • the branch duct limits the partial amount of flue gas to be returned no longer on the outside to the water jacket and on the other the second Section of the flue gas duct formation on the inside is no longer connected to the combustion chamber insert.
  • a sufficient cooling effect of the area surrounding the flame formation zone The upper area of the combustion chamber insert can be influenced, for example due to stronger heat transfer in the first section of the flue gas duct formation, in particular by using a correspondingly large radial dimension large and narrow ribs, and / or by elongated Formation of this first section with a shortened length of the branch duct.
  • the second section of the flue gas duct training is the flue gas collecting room and from there flue gas supplied from the chimney to avoid be as cold as possible from losses.
  • the arrangement of the guide wall between the combustion chamber insert and the inner wall of the second area of the water jacket has a positive influence.
  • the preferred version of the firebox insert and baffle made of steel, in particular tubular with a circular cross section, also shows the Possibility of particularly cheap production.
  • With radially protruding outriggers can be used in the combustion chamber and the baffle, especially when the Boiler arrangement - burner with flame spreading from top to bottom - simply support and center on the water space construction.
  • At least the first section is the Flue gas duct formation, preferably also the second section, with the adjoining inner walls of the areas of the water space are designed as struts Ribs interspersed that support the combustion chamber insert and / or Guide wall can serve.
  • the supply ratios for the partial flue gas stream to be recycled are those comparable to the prior art described at the beginning; here too the through the igniting fuel flow impulse for guidance of the partial flue gas flow. Otherwise, the comments in the referenced application. Let go of this different flow guidance designs in the one facing the burner tube Introduce the end area of the combustion chamber insert, an example shows the enclosed drawing. The embodiment shown there shows one particularly simple design of the water chamber housing with aligned alignment the inner walls of both areas and overall hollow cylindrical Water chamber.
  • the drawing shows a vertical section through an embodiment, at which is the branch of a portion of the flue gas to be recycled above the vertical middle area of the flue gas duct formation of a standing one Boiler is done.
  • the boiler 1 has on its upper end accordingly a burner operated burner, of which only the burner tube 2 is indicated is reproduced.
  • the boiler 1, which is essentially circular Has a cross section, is provided with a firebox 3 in its center, which is located near the inside of the upper end wall approximately from the mouth of the Burner tube 2 extends to the bottom of the boiler and open there in a deflection space 4.
  • the combustion chamber 3 has a connection to the upper end boundary of the combustion chamber 3 arranged first zone in which the flame forms and which is therefore called flame formation zone 5 here.
  • This zone 5 closes Another zone seen down over the rest of the firebox 3 in which the flame burns out and is therefore referred to as flame burnout zone 6 is.
  • the combustion chamber 3 and thus the flame formation zone 5 and Flame burnout zone 6 is from a wall formed as a steel tube a furnace insert 7 limited.
  • the total of 8 designated water space is in two water space areas, namely a first area 11 and one second area 9 divided, which in the present boiler design only by protruding to different extents, namely to the sections assigned on the inside distinguish ribs 28 and 29 adapted to the formation of the flue gas duct.
  • the second area 9 includes with its inner wall 10 with formation a hollow cylindrical space with the combustion chamber insert 7 in the area the zone 6, while the first area 11 with its inner wall 12 den Comprises combustion chamber insert 7 in the area of zone 5.
  • a total of 15 designated The flue gas duct extends from the deflection chamber below 4 outside the firebox 3 into one in the upper front area of the Boiler-trained flue gas collecting space 19, which via an outlet 20 a fireplace not shown is connected.
  • the flue gas duct 15 has a first section 16 seen in this flue gas flow direction on, which is in the hollow cylindrical space between the combustion chamber insert 7th and the inner wall 10 of the second water area 9, and propagates in a second section 17, which is engaged by the ribs 29 hollow cylindrical annular space between the inner wall 12 and the Outside of a baffle 30 is formed, which in turn as a tubular body the upper area - flame formation zone 5 - of the firebox insert 7 Distance surrounds so that between the baffle 30 and the upper region of the Combustion chamber insert 7, a hollow cylindrical branch duct 40 is formed.
  • the first section 16 of the flue gas duct formation stands with its second section 17 and the branch duct 40 through a transition zone 18 in connection, in which the partial flue gas stream to be recirculated from the total Split off the flue gas stream and the branch duct 40 is supplied.
  • To the branch duct 40 ends in the end toward the combustion tube, which is released above the combustion chamber insert, i.e. an annular gap 39 for the passage of the recirculated flue gas partial quantity into the area around the Has burner tube 2 around, so that this partial smoke quantity under the injector effect enters the flame formation zone 5 of the combustion chamber 3.
  • the deflection space 4 is closed at the bottom by a floor insulating body 21, which is arranged in the area 9 of the water space 8.
  • the upper The end wall of the boiler 1 is formed by a cover 23 which leads to the inside of the boiler has insulation and extends over the entire boiler face extends.
  • the lid 23 can be opened in a manner not shown or removable, so that cleaning of the opening Fire chamber and the flue gas duct sections is made possible.
  • the cover 23 closes off the flue gas collecting space 19, specifically by attacking the upper edge area of the guide wall 30 in such a way that a crossing occurs of flue gas from the collecting space 19 to that surrounding the burner tube 2 Space does not take place.
  • the two areas 9 and 11 of the water space 8 are here with regard to their Walls aligned one after the other in the direction of the longitudinal axis 45 provided that they form a common hollow cylindrical water space.
  • the water introduced into the second region 9 via a water inlet 24 thus passes into area 11 of the water space and passes from there a water outlet 25 back outside the boiler.
  • the flame formation takes place in the first zone 5 of the burner 2 Firebox 3 takes place and unfolds great heat.
  • the flame enters zone 6 of the Firebox 3 a, which is larger due to the radially adjacent and the hot flue gas receiving first section 16 of the flue gas duct formation 15 is relatively hot, so that a good burnout of the flame takes place, causing the formation of pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot is significantly reduced.
  • the flue gas passes through the deflection chamber 4 one after the other Sections 16 and 17 and the branch duct 40 running parallel thereto as regards the partial amount of flue gas to be returned.
  • first section 16 a large part of the heat of the flue gas via the fins 28 provided inner wall 10 to the water in the water space area 9.
  • transition zone 18 is radiated from the the upper area of zone 6 of the combustion chamber 3 kept heated so far that the Accumulation of condensate is obstructed.
  • the flue gas partial flow passing into the branch duct 40 in the transition zone 18 sweeps along the outside of the upper area of the combustion chamber insert surrounding the flame formation zone and thus cools this zone on the basis of the corresponding heat removal previously carried out in section 16 of the flue gas duct formation.
  • This partial flue gas flows at the upper end of the branch duct 40 through the distance 39 between the upper end of the combustion chamber insert 7 and cover 23 into the injector area of the burner tube 2, the upper front opening of the combustion chamber insert 7 facing the burner tube 2 through a collar 41 which is continuous or interrupted in the circumferential direction can be covered, the inner edge of which has a bend into the combustion chamber 3.
  • the part of the flue gas flow thus supplied to the flame formation zone brings about a reduction in the formation of NO x by cooling and balancing heat peaks in a known manner and described in the application mentioned at the outset, so that this part of the flue gas part first by cooling the flame formation zone from the outside and then by direct supply to it works in two ways.
  • the combustion chamber insert 7 and guide wall 30, which are designed as steel tubes are centered on the ribs 28 and 29 in the cast body of the Water chamber 8 held so that overall a central boiler formation around the longitudinal axis 45 of the boiler is given.
  • the outrigger 42 and 43 of the The baffle 30 or the combustion chamber insert 7 are of such a type on peripheral partial areas limited that a hindrance to the flow conditions in the associated Channels hardly takes place and on the other hand a secure support on the ribs given is.
  • the order of magnitude of flow in channel 40 can be moreover, selectively adjust 43 or other elements by means of this support arm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

A deflector wall (30) is inserted between the first part (11) of the water chamber (8) and the furnace insert (7). The inner casing surface of the deflector wall defines the branch duct (40) on the outside and its outer casing surface defines the second section (17) of the flue gas duct (15) on the inside. The second section is defined by the inner wall (12) of the first part of the water chamber. The water chamber is made of a single casting, esp. grey cast iron. The furnace insert and or the deflector wall is made of esp. circular cross-sectioned steel piping. The inner walls (10,12) of parts (9,11) of the water chamber have ridges (28,29) protruding from them into the adjacent part (16,17) of the flue gas duct (15).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Heizkessel mit interner Rauchgasrezirkulation für die Verbrennung von flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen mit einem stimseitig angeordneten Brenner, dessen Flamme in einen in Strömungsrichtung offenen Feuerraumeinsatz geleitet ist, welcher von einem Wasserraum umgeben ist und stromab in einen Umlenkraum mündet, der mit einem Rauchgas-Sammelraum über eine Rauchgaskanalausbildung in Verbindung steht, die von dem Umlenkraum aus gesehen über einen ersten Abschnitt der Kanallänge zwischen der Außenwandung des Feuerraumeinsatzes und der Innenwandung eines zweiten Bereiches des Wasserraumes und anschließend durch eine Übertrittszone über einen zweiten, sich in derselben Richtung der Längsachse des Feuerraumeinsatzes erstreckenden Abschnitt der Kanallänge entlang eines ersten Bereiches des Wasserraumes verläuft, von welcher Übertrittszone ausgehend ein innenseitig durch den Außenmantel des Feuerraumeinsatzes begrenzter Abzweigkanal für die Aufnahme eines rückzuführenden Rauchgasteilstromes vorgesehen ist, der dem Feuerraum über den Umfangsbereich des Brennerrohres aufgrund der Injektorwirkung der dem Brennerrohr entströmenden, zur Flammenbildung führenden Brennstoffe oder Brennstoffgemische zugeführt wird.The invention relates to a boiler with internal flue gas recirculation for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels with a face arranged burner, the flame of which is open in the direction of flow Fire chamber insert is guided, which is surrounded by a water chamber and flows downstream into a deflection room with a flue gas collection room communicates via a flue gas duct formation which is from the deflection space seen from a first section of the channel length between the Outer wall of the combustion chamber insert and the inner wall of a second area of the water space and then through a transition zone over a second, extending in the same direction of the longitudinal axis of the furnace insert Section of the channel length along a first area of the water space runs from which transition zone an inside leads through the Outer jacket of the firebox insert limited branch duct for the intake a partial return gas flow is provided, which is the combustion chamber over the circumferential area of the burner tube due to the injector effect the fuel flowing out of the burner tube and leading to flame formation or fuel mixtures is supplied.

Ein solcher Kessel ist aus der EP 0 387 859 A2 bekannt und dort hinsichtlich der physikalisch-chemischen Grundlagen zur Verringerung der NOx-Bildung sowie der Bedeutung der Rückführung eines Rauchgasteilstromes kesselintern ausgiebig erläutert. Der dort vorgeschlagene Heizkessel zeichnet sich durch den Abgriff des in den Feuerraum rückzuführenden Rauchgasteilstromes etwa im Mittelbereich der Längserstreckung der Rauchgaskanalausbildung aus, wodurch erreicht wird, daß eine Kühlung der Brennerflamme im Feuerraum nicht nur durch die Zuführung kühleren Rauchgases, sondern auch dadurch, daß die Flammenbildungszone außenseitig des Feuerraumeinsatzes 7 von dem gekühlten Rauchgasteilstrom umstrichen wird. Dies geschieht bei dem bekannten Heizkessel derart, daß ein hohlzylinderförmiger Raum um die Flammenbildungszone des Feuerraumes bzw. um den Feuerraumeinsatz in diesem Bereich außenseitig von einem zweiten Bereich des Wassermantels begrenzt wird. Die in Strömungsrichtung der Rauchgase gesehen auf einen ersten Rauchgaskanalabschnitt, in dem das Rauchgas aufgrund des hohen Temperaturgefälles stark abgekühlt wird, folgende Strecke für den zurückzuführenden Rauchgasteilstrom ist demnach außenseitig durch Angrenzen an den Wassermantel zusätzlich gekühlt.Such a boiler is known from EP 0 387 859 A2 and is explained in detail there with regard to the physicochemical principles for reducing NO x formation and the importance of recycling a partial flue gas flow inside the boiler. The boiler proposed there is characterized by the tapping of the partial flue gas flow to be returned to the combustion chamber, approximately in the central region of the longitudinal extension of the flue gas duct formation, which ensures that the burner flame is cooled in the combustion chamber not only by supplying cooler flue gas, but also by the flame formation zone the outside of the combustion chamber insert 7 is swept by the cooled partial smoke stream. This takes place in the known boiler in such a way that a hollow cylindrical space around the flame formation zone of the combustion chamber or around the use of the combustion chamber in this area is delimited on the outside by a second area of the water jacket. Seen in the flow direction of the flue gases on a first flue gas duct section, in which the flue gas is strongly cooled due to the high temperature gradient, the following section for the flue gas partial flow to be returned is accordingly additionally cooled on the outside by adjoining the water jacket.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Heizkessel der eingangs genannten und vorbeschriebenen Art bei vergleichbarem NOx-Verhalten wesentlich einfacher auszugestalten und damit dessen Fertigung erheblich zu verbilligen.The invention has for its object to make a boiler of the type mentioned and described above with comparable NO x behavior much simpler and thus to make its manufacture significantly cheaper.

Dies wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß zwischen den ersten Bereich des Wasserraumes und den Feuerraumeinsatz eine den letzteren umfassende Leitwand eingesetzt ist, deren Innenmantelfläche den Abzweigkanal außenseitig und deren Außenmantelfläche den zweiten Abschnitt der Rauchgaskanalausbildung innenseitig begrenzt, der außenseitig durch die Innenwandung des ersten Bereiches des Wasserraumes definiert ist. Bei dieser Ausbildung bestehen also vergleichbare Strömungswege für das Rauchgas mit denen nach dem vorgeschilderten Stand der Technik. Es wird durch den Einsatz der Leitwand der Abzweigkanal innenseitig nicht mehr durch den Wassermantel begrenzt, dieser umfaßt vielmehr unter Bildung des zweiten Abschnittes der Rauchgaskanalausbildung die Teilwand wiederum mit Abstand. Damit wird gegenüber dem Stand der Technik insoweit auch hinsichtlich der Wärmeverhältnisse zweierlei beeinflußt, nämlich zum einen grenzt der Abzweigkanal für die zurückzuführende Rauchgasteilmenge außenseitig nicht mehr an den Wassermantel und zum anderen grenzt der zweite Abschnitt der Rauchgaskanalausbildung innenseitig nicht mehr an den Feuerraumeinsatz. Eine genügende Kühlwirkung des die Flammenbildungszone umgebenden oberen Bereiches des Feuerraumeinsatzes kann man beeinflussen, beispielsweise durch stärkeren Wärmeübergang im ersten Abschnitt der Rauchgaskanalausbildung, insbesondere durch entsprechend radial große Bemessung mit großflächigen und enger angeordneten Rippen, und/oder durch verlängerte Ausbildung dieses ersten Abschnittes bei verkürzter Länge des Abzweigkanals. Im zweiten Abschnitt der Rauchgaskanalausbildung soll das dem Rauchgas-Sammelraum und von da aus dem Kamin zugeführte Rauchgas zur Vermeidung von Verlusten möglichst weit heruntergekühlt sein. Die Anordnung der Leitwand zwischen dem Feuerraumeinsatz und der Innenwandung des zweiten Bereiches des Wassermantels ist dabei von positivem Einfluß.This is achieved according to the invention in that between the first area of the water space and the use of the combustion chamber, a guide wall comprising the latter is used, the inner lateral surface of the branch duct on the outside and the outer surface of the second section of the flue gas duct formation limited on the inside, the outside by the inner wall of the first area of the water space is defined. In this training there are comparable Flow paths for the flue gas with those according to the above State of the art. It becomes the branch duct through the use of the guide wall no longer limited on the inside by the water jacket, this includes rather the formation of the second section of the flue gas duct formation Partial wall again at a distance. This is compared to the state of the art insofar influenced two things with regard to the heat conditions, namely on the one hand, the branch duct limits the partial amount of flue gas to be returned no longer on the outside to the water jacket and on the other the second Section of the flue gas duct formation on the inside is no longer connected to the combustion chamber insert. A sufficient cooling effect of the area surrounding the flame formation zone The upper area of the combustion chamber insert can be influenced, for example due to stronger heat transfer in the first section of the flue gas duct formation, in particular by using a correspondingly large radial dimension large and narrow ribs, and / or by elongated Formation of this first section with a shortened length of the branch duct. in the The second section of the flue gas duct training is the flue gas collecting room and from there flue gas supplied from the chimney to avoid be as cold as possible from losses. The arrangement of the guide wall between the combustion chamber insert and the inner wall of the second area of the water jacket has a positive influence.

Die erfindungsgemäße Kesselausbildung mit Einsatz der Leitwand zwischen Feuerraumeinsatz und zweitem Bereich des Wassermantels eröffnet die Möglichkeit einer wesentlich einfacheren Konfiguration des Wassermantels, was für dessen Herstellkosten von erheblicher Bedeutung ist. In bevorzugter Ausführung als Gußteil wird dies unter Hinweis auf das gezeichnete Ausführungsbeispiel sofort klar, wenn auch die dort wiedergegebene besonders einfache Form des Wasserraumes, d.h. der diesen umschließenden Gehäusewand, nicht zwingend ist. Es lassen sich sehr wohl unterschiedliche radiale Ausdehnungen und dergleichen vorstellen, ohne daß man maßgebliche Konstuktionsvorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung aufgeben müßte.The boiler design according to the invention with the use of the baffle between Use of the combustion chamber and the second area of the water jacket opens up the possibility a much simpler configuration of the water jacket, what its for Manufacturing costs is of considerable importance. In preferred execution as Casting is this immediately with reference to the illustrated embodiment clear, even if the particularly simple form of the water space shown there, i.e. which is not mandatory around this housing wall. It different radial dimensions and the like can be used imagine without significant design advantages of the invention Training would have to give up.

Die bevorzugte Ausführung von Feuerraumeinsatz und Leitwand aus Stahl, insbesondere rohrförmig mit kreisringförmigen Querschnitt, zeigt ebenfalls die Möglichkeit besonders günstiger Herstellung auf. Durch radial abragende Abstützausleger lassen sich Feuerraumeinsatz und Leitwand vor allem bei stehender Kesselanordnung - Sturzbrenner mit Flammenausbreitung von oben nach unten - einfach an der Wasserraumkonstruktion abstützen und zentrieren. Desweiteren ist es möglich, beispielsweise nur den Feuerraumeinsatz an dem Wasserraumgehäuse abzustützen und die Leitwand zentriert an dem Feuerraumeinsatz auf diesen abgestützt anzuordnen und umgekehrt. The preferred version of the firebox insert and baffle made of steel, in particular tubular with a circular cross section, also shows the Possibility of particularly cheap production. With radially protruding outriggers can be used in the combustion chamber and the baffle, especially when the Boiler arrangement - burner with flame spreading from top to bottom - simply support and center on the water space construction. Furthermore is it is possible, for example, only the use of the firebox on the water chamber housing support and the guide wall centered on the firebox insert on this to be supported and vice versa.

In besonders bevorzugter Ausführung ist zumindest der erste Abschnitt der Rauchgaskanalausbildung, vorzugsweise auch der zweite Abschnitt, mit von den angrenzenden Innenwandungen der Bereiche des Wasserraumes abstrebend ausgebildeten Rippen durchsetzt, die der Abstützung von Feuerraumeinsatz und/oder Leitwand dienen können.In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least the first section is the Flue gas duct formation, preferably also the second section, with the adjoining inner walls of the areas of the water space are designed as struts Ribs interspersed that support the combustion chamber insert and / or Guide wall can serve.

Die Zuführverhältnisse für den rückzuführenden Rauchgasteilstrom sind denen des eingangs geschilderten Standes der Technik vergleichbar; auch hier wird der durch die sich entzündende Brennstoffströmung einstellende Impuls zur Führung des Rauchgasteilstromes genutzt. Im übrigen wird auf die Ausführungen in der eingangs genannten Anmeldeschrift verwiesen. In diesem Zusammenhang lassen sich verschiedene Strömungsführungsausbildungen in dem dem Brennerrohr zugewandten Endbereich des Feuerraumeinsatzes vorstellen, ein Beispiel zeigt die beiliegende Zeichnung. Das dort wiedergegebene Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt eine besonders einfache Formgebung des Wasserraumgehäuses mit fluchtender Ausrichtung der Innenwandungen beider Bereiche und insgesamt hohlzylindrischer Wasserkammer.The supply ratios for the partial flue gas stream to be recycled are those comparable to the prior art described at the beginning; here too the through the igniting fuel flow impulse for guidance of the partial flue gas flow. Otherwise, the comments in the referenced application. Let go of this different flow guidance designs in the one facing the burner tube Introduce the end area of the combustion chamber insert, an example shows the enclosed drawing. The embodiment shown there shows one particularly simple design of the water chamber housing with aligned alignment the inner walls of both areas and overall hollow cylindrical Water chamber.

Die Zeichnung zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei welchem die Abzweigung einer rückzuführenden Rauchgasteilmenge oberhalb des vertikalen Mittelbereiches der Rauchgaskanalausbildung eines stehend angeordneten Kessels erfolgt.The drawing shows a vertical section through an embodiment, at which is the branch of a portion of the flue gas to be recycled above the vertical middle area of the flue gas duct formation of a standing one Boiler is done.

Der Heizkessel 1 weist an seiner oberen Stirnseite einen demgemäß als Sturzbrenner betriebenen Brenner auf, von welchem nur das Brennerrohr 2 angedeutet wiedergegeben ist. Der Heizkessel 1, der einen im wesentlichen kreisrunden Querschnitt aufweist, ist in seinem Zentrum mit einem Feuerraum 3 versehen, der sich nahe der Innenseite der oberen Stirnwand etwa von der Mündung des Brennerrohres 2 ausgehend bis in den Bodenbereich des Kessels erstreckt und dort offen in einem Umlenkraum 4 mündet. Die in dem Feuerraum 3 durch die Verbrennung entstehenden heißen Rauchgase strömen somit abwärts, werden in dem Raum 4 umgelenkt und seitlich des Feuerraumes in Gegenrichtung weitergeführt. The boiler 1 has on its upper end accordingly a burner operated burner, of which only the burner tube 2 is indicated is reproduced. The boiler 1, which is essentially circular Has a cross section, is provided with a firebox 3 in its center, which is located near the inside of the upper end wall approximately from the mouth of the Burner tube 2 extends to the bottom of the boiler and open there in a deflection space 4. The in the firebox 3 through the Combustion hot flue gases flow downwards, are in deflected the room 4 and continued to the side of the combustion chamber in the opposite direction.

Der Feuerraum 3 weist eine im Anschluß an die obere stirnseitige Begrenzung des Feuerraumes 3 angeordnete erste Zone auf, in der sich die Flamme bildet und die hier daher Flammenbildungszone 5 genannt wird. An diese Zone 5 schließt sich über den Rest des Feuerraumes 3 nach unten hin gesehen eine weitere Zone an, in der die Flamme ausbrennt und daher als Flammenausbrandzone 6 bezeichnet ist. Der Feuerraum 3 und damit die Flammenbildungszone 5 und die Flammenausbrandzone 6 wird von einer als Stahlrohr ausgebildeten Wandung eines Feuerraumeinsatzes 7 begrenzt. Der insgesamt mit 8 bezeichnete Wasserraum ist in zwei Wasserraumbereiche, nämlich einen ersten Bereich 11 und einen zweiten Bereich 9 unterteilt, die sich in vorliegender Kesselausbildung nur durch unterschiedlich weit abragende, nämlich an die innenseitig zugeordneten Abschnitte der Rauchgaskanalausbildung angepaßte Rippen 28 und 29 unterscheiden. Der zweite Bereich 9 umfaßt mit seiner Innenwandung 10 unter Bildung eines hohlzylinderförmigen Raumes mit Abstand den Feuerraumeinsatz 7 im Bereich der Zone 6, während der erste Bereich 11 mit seiner Innenwandung 12 den Feuerraumeinstaz 7 im Bereich der Zone 5 umgreift. Ein insgesamt mit 15 bezeichneter Rauchgaskanal erstreckt sich von der unten liegenden Umlenkkammer 4 außerhalb des Feuerraumes 3 bis in einen im oberen stirnseitigen Bereich des Kessels ausgebildeten Rauchgas-Sammelraum 19, der über einen Ausgang 20 an einen nicht weiter dargestellten Kamin angeschlossen ist. Der Rauchgaskanal 15 weist in dieser Rauchgas-Strömungsrichtung gesehen einen ersten Abschnitt 16 auf, der sich in dem hohlzylindrischen Raum zwischen dem Feuerraumeinsatz 7 und der Innenwandung 10 des zweiten Wasserraumbereiches 9 erstreckt, und pflanzt sich in einem zweiten Abschnitt 17 fort, der als von den Rippen 29 eingegriffener hohlzylindrischer Ringraum zwischen der Innenwandung 12 und der Außenseite einer Leitwand 30 gebildet ist, die ihrerseits als rohrförmiger Körper den oberen Bereich - Flammenbildungszone 5 - des Feuerraumeinsatzes 7 mit Abstand umgreift, so daß zwischen Leitwand 30 und dem oberen Bereich des Feuerraumeinsatzes 7 ein hohlzylindrischer Abzweigkanal 40 ausgebildet ist. Der erste Abschnitt 16 der Rauchgaskanalausbildung steht mit dessen zweiten Abschnitt 17 und dem Abzweigkanal 40 durch eine Übertrittszone 18 in Verbindung, in welcher der rückzuführende Rauchgasteilstrom von dem gesamten Rauchgasstrom abgespalten und dem Abzweigkanal 40 zugeführt wird. An dem dem Brennrohr zugewandten Ende mündet der Abzweigkanal 40 in einen Raum, der oberhalb des Feuerraumeinsatzes freigelassen ist, d.h. einen Ringspalt 39 für den Übertritt der rückgeführten Rauchgasteilmenge in den Bereich um das Brennerrohr 2 herum aufweist, so daß diese Rauchgasteilmenge unter Injektorwirkung in die Flammenbildungszone 5 des Feuerraumes 3 eintritt.The combustion chamber 3 has a connection to the upper end boundary of the combustion chamber 3 arranged first zone in which the flame forms and which is therefore called flame formation zone 5 here. This zone 5 closes Another zone seen down over the rest of the firebox 3 in which the flame burns out and is therefore referred to as flame burnout zone 6 is. The combustion chamber 3 and thus the flame formation zone 5 and Flame burnout zone 6 is from a wall formed as a steel tube a furnace insert 7 limited. The total of 8 designated water space is in two water space areas, namely a first area 11 and one second area 9 divided, which in the present boiler design only by protruding to different extents, namely to the sections assigned on the inside distinguish ribs 28 and 29 adapted to the formation of the flue gas duct. The second area 9 includes with its inner wall 10 with formation a hollow cylindrical space with the combustion chamber insert 7 in the area the zone 6, while the first area 11 with its inner wall 12 den Comprises combustion chamber insert 7 in the area of zone 5. A total of 15 designated The flue gas duct extends from the deflection chamber below 4 outside the firebox 3 into one in the upper front area of the Boiler-trained flue gas collecting space 19, which via an outlet 20 a fireplace not shown is connected. The flue gas duct 15 has a first section 16 seen in this flue gas flow direction on, which is in the hollow cylindrical space between the combustion chamber insert 7th and the inner wall 10 of the second water area 9, and propagates in a second section 17, which is engaged by the ribs 29 hollow cylindrical annular space between the inner wall 12 and the Outside of a baffle 30 is formed, which in turn as a tubular body the upper area - flame formation zone 5 - of the firebox insert 7 Distance surrounds so that between the baffle 30 and the upper region of the Combustion chamber insert 7, a hollow cylindrical branch duct 40 is formed. The first section 16 of the flue gas duct formation stands with its second section 17 and the branch duct 40 through a transition zone 18 in connection, in which the partial flue gas stream to be recirculated from the total Split off the flue gas stream and the branch duct 40 is supplied. To the the branch duct 40 ends in the end toward the combustion tube, which is released above the combustion chamber insert, i.e. an annular gap 39 for the passage of the recirculated flue gas partial quantity into the area around the Has burner tube 2 around, so that this partial smoke quantity under the injector effect enters the flame formation zone 5 of the combustion chamber 3.

Der Umlenkraum 4 ist nach unten hin durch einen Bodenisolierkörper 21 abgeschlossen, der an dem Bereich 9 des Wasserraumes 8 angeordnet ist. Die obere Stirnwand des Heizkessels 1 ist durch einen Deckel 23 gebildet, der zum Kesselinneren hin eine Isolierung aufweist und sich über die gesamte Kesselstimseite hinweg erstreckt. Der Deckel 23 ist in nicht näher dargestellter Weise aufklappbar bzw. abnehmbar, so daß durch die entstehende Öffnung eine Reinigung des Feuerraumes und der Rauchgaskanalabschnitte ermöglicht wird. Im Schließzustand schließt der Deckel 23 den Rauchgas-Sammelraum 19 ab, und zwar durch Angriff an dem oberen Randbereich der Leitwand 30 derart, daß ein Übertritt von Rauchgas aus dem Sammelraum 19 zu dem das Brennerrohr 2 umgebenden Raum nicht stattfindet.The deflection space 4 is closed at the bottom by a floor insulating body 21, which is arranged in the area 9 of the water space 8. The upper The end wall of the boiler 1 is formed by a cover 23 which leads to the inside of the boiler has insulation and extends over the entire boiler face extends. The lid 23 can be opened in a manner not shown or removable, so that cleaning of the opening Fire chamber and the flue gas duct sections is made possible. In the closed state the cover 23 closes off the flue gas collecting space 19, specifically by attacking the upper edge area of the guide wall 30 in such a way that a crossing occurs of flue gas from the collecting space 19 to that surrounding the burner tube 2 Space does not take place.

Die beiden Bereiche 9 und 11 des Wasserraumes 8 sind hier hinsichtlich ihrer Wandungen fluchtend in Richtung der Längsachse 45 derart aufeinanderfolgend vorgesehen, daß sie einen gemeinsamen hohlzylindrischen Wasserraum bilden. Das über einen Wassereinlaß 24 in den zweiten Bereich 9 eingeführte Wasser tritt somit in den Bereich 11 des Wasserraumes über und gelangt von dort über einen Wasserauslaß 25 wieder nach außerhalb des Kessels.The two areas 9 and 11 of the water space 8 are here with regard to their Walls aligned one after the other in the direction of the longitudinal axis 45 provided that they form a common hollow cylindrical water space. The water introduced into the second region 9 via a water inlet 24 thus passes into area 11 of the water space and passes from there a water outlet 25 back outside the boiler.

Die Flammenbildung findet in der vom Brenner 2 aus gesehen ersten Zone 5 des Feuerraumes 3 statt und entfaltet große Hitze. Die Flamme tritt in die Zone 6 des Feuerraumes 3 ein, die aufgrund des radial angrenzenden, größer bemessenen und das heiße Rauchgas aufnehmenden ersten Abschnittes 16 der Rauchgaskanalausbildung 15 verhältnismäßig heiß ist, so daß ein guter Ausbrand der Flamme erfolgt, wodurch die Bildung von Schadstoffen wie Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlenwasserstoffe und Ruß wesentlich reduziert wird.The flame formation takes place in the first zone 5 of the burner 2 Firebox 3 takes place and unfolds great heat. The flame enters zone 6 of the Firebox 3 a, which is larger due to the radially adjacent and the hot flue gas receiving first section 16 of the flue gas duct formation 15 is relatively hot, so that a good burnout of the flame takes place, causing the formation of pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot is significantly reduced.

Das Rauchgas durchtritt ausgehend von dem Umlenkraum 4 nacheinander die Abschnitte 16 und 17 sowie den dazu parallel verlaufenden Abzweigkanal 40, was die rückzuführende Rauchgasteilmenge betrifft. Dabei wird im ersten Abschnitt 16 ein Großteil der Wärme des Rauchgases über die mit den Rippen 28 versehene Innenwandung 10 an das Wasser in dem Wasserraumbereich 9 abgegeben. Im Bereich der zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt 16 einerseits und dem zweiten Abschnitt 17 der Rauchgaskanalausbildung 15 sowie dem Abzweigkanal 40 andererseits gelegene Übertrittszone 18 wird durch Strahlungswärme aus dem oberen Bereich der Zone 6 des Feuerraumes 3 soweit erwärmt gehalten, daß die Ansammlung von Kondensat behindert ist. Danach wird das den Abschnitt 17 der Rauchgaskanalausbildung 15 durchströmende Rauchgas über die Strömungsstrecke durch Abgabe von Wärme an die mit den Rippen 29 versehene Innenwandung des Bereiches 11 des Wasserraumes 8 soweit gekühlt, daß es mit nur noch geringer Wärme den Kessel über den Rauchgas-Sammelraum 19 und den Ausgang 20 verläßt.The flue gas passes through the deflection chamber 4 one after the other Sections 16 and 17 and the branch duct 40 running parallel thereto as regards the partial amount of flue gas to be returned. In the first section 16 a large part of the heat of the flue gas via the fins 28 provided inner wall 10 to the water in the water space area 9. In the area between the first section 16 on the one hand and the second Section 17 of the flue gas duct formation 15 and the branch duct 40 on the other hand located transition zone 18 is radiated from the the upper area of zone 6 of the combustion chamber 3 kept heated so far that the Accumulation of condensate is obstructed. After that it will be section 17 of the Flue gas duct formation 15 flowing flue gas over the flow path by giving off heat to the inner wall provided with the ribs 29 the area 11 of the water chamber 8 cooled so far that it with only even less heat the boiler via the flue gas collecting space 19 and Exit 20 leaves.

Der in der Übertrittszone 18 in den Abzweigkanal 40 übertretende Rauchgasteilstrom streicht außenseitig des die Flammenbildungszone umgebenden oberen Bereich des Feuerraumeinsatzes entlang und kühlt damit diese Zone aufgrund des zuvor im Abschnitt 16 der Rauchgaskanalausbildung stattgefundenen entsprechenden Wärmeentzugs. Dieser Rauchgasteilstrom gelangt am oberen Ende des Abzweigkanals 40 durch den Abstand 39 zwischen oberem Ende des Feuerraumeinsatzes 7 und Deckel 23 in den Injektorbereich des Brennerrohres 2, wobei die obere Stirnöffnung des Feuerraumeinsatzes 7 zum Brennerrohr 2 hingesehen durch einen in Umfangsrichtung durchgehend oder unterbrochen ausgebildeten Kragen 41 abgedeckt sein kann, dessen innere Berandung eine Abbiegung in den Feuerraum 3 hinein aufweist. Der derart der Flammenbildungszone zugeführte Rauchgasteilstrom bewirkt durch Kühlung und Ausgleich von Wärmespitzen in bekannter und in der eingangs genannten Anmeldung beschriebenen Art eine Herabsetzung der NOx-Bildung, so daß diese Rauchgasteilmenge zunächst durch Kühlung der Flammenbildungszone von außen her und dann durch unmittelbare Zufuhr zu dieser auf zweierlei Weise wirksam wird.The flue gas partial flow passing into the branch duct 40 in the transition zone 18 sweeps along the outside of the upper area of the combustion chamber insert surrounding the flame formation zone and thus cools this zone on the basis of the corresponding heat removal previously carried out in section 16 of the flue gas duct formation. This partial flue gas flows at the upper end of the branch duct 40 through the distance 39 between the upper end of the combustion chamber insert 7 and cover 23 into the injector area of the burner tube 2, the upper front opening of the combustion chamber insert 7 facing the burner tube 2 through a collar 41 which is continuous or interrupted in the circumferential direction can be covered, the inner edge of which has a bend into the combustion chamber 3. The part of the flue gas flow thus supplied to the flame formation zone brings about a reduction in the formation of NO x by cooling and balancing heat peaks in a known manner and described in the application mentioned at the outset, so that this part of the flue gas part first by cooling the flame formation zone from the outside and then by direct supply to it works in two ways.

Die als Stahlrohre ausgebildeten Bauteile Feuerraumeinsatz 7 und Leitwand 30 sind zentrierend abgestützt auf den Rippen 28 bzw. 29 in dem Gußkörper der Wasserkammer 8 gehalten, so daß insgesamt eine zentrische Kesselausbildung um die Längsachse 45 des Kessels gegeben ist. Die Abstützausleger 42 und 43 der Leitwand 30 bzw. des Feuerraumeinsatzes 7 sind auf Umfangsteilbereiche derart beschränkt, daß eine Behinderung der Strömungsverhältnisse in den zugehörigen Kanälen kaum stattfindet und andererseits eine sichere Auflage auf den Rippen gegeben ist. Insbesondere läßt sich die Strömungsgrößenordnung im Kanal 40 darüberhinaus durch diese Stützausleger 43 oder andere Elemente gezielt einstellen.The combustion chamber insert 7 and guide wall 30, which are designed as steel tubes are centered on the ribs 28 and 29 in the cast body of the Water chamber 8 held so that overall a central boiler formation around the longitudinal axis 45 of the boiler is given. The outrigger 42 and 43 of the The baffle 30 or the combustion chamber insert 7 are of such a type on peripheral partial areas limited that a hindrance to the flow conditions in the associated Channels hardly takes place and on the other hand a secure support on the ribs given is. In particular, the order of magnitude of flow in channel 40 can be moreover, selectively adjust 43 or other elements by means of this support arm.

Claims (12)

  1. Boiler with internal recirculation of flue gas, for burning liquid or gaseous fuels, having an end-mounted burner the flame of which is directed into a combustion chamber insert (7) open in the direction of flow which is surrounded by a water chamber (8) and opens downstream into a diversion chamber (4) which is connected to a flue gas collecting chamber (19) via a flue gas channel structure (15) which extends, when viewed from the diversion chamber (4), through a first section (16) of the length of the channel between the outer wall of the combustion chamber insert (7) and the inner wall (10) of a second region (9) of the water chamber (8) and then through a transitional zone (18) along a second section (17) of the length of the channel extending in the same direction as the longitudinal axis (45) of the combustion chamber insert (7), along a first region (11) of the water chamber (8), starting from which transitional zone (18) is provided a branching channel (40), delimited on the inside by the outer casing of the combustion chamber insert (7), for receiving a partial flow of flue gas for recycling, which is fed into the combustion chamber (3) via the peripheral region of a burner tube (2) by the injector effect of the fuels or fuel mixtures flowing out of the burner tube (2) and leading to flame production, characterised in that between the first region (11) of the water chamber (8) and the combustion chamber insert (7) is a baffle (30) enclosing the latter, the inner surface of which delimits the outside of the branch channel (40) and the outer surface of which delimits the inside of the second section (17) of the flue gas channel structure (15), and the outside of which is defined by the inner wall (12) of the first region (11) of the water chamber (8).
  2. Boiler according to claim 1, characterised in that an inverted burner is provided with downwardly directed flame propagation.
  3. Boiler according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the water chamber (8) is constructed as a one-piece casting, particularly a grey iron casting.
  4. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the combustion chamber insert (7) and/or the baffle (30) is constructed as a steel tube, particularly of circular cross section.
  5. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that ribs (28, 29) are provided, proceeding from at least one of the inner walls (10, 12) of the regions (9, 11) of the water chamber (8) and projecting into the adjacent section (16, 17) of the flue gas channel structure (15).
  6. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the branch channel (40) is approximately the same length as or shorter than, in the direction of flow, the first section (16) of the flue gas channel structure (15).
  7. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that on the end of the combustion chamber insert (7) facing the burner tube (2) and extending around at least part of its circumference is a collar (41) directed towards the burner tube, which may be bent towards the combustion chamber (3) at a spacing from the burner tube (2).
  8. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the baffle (30) is held in a centred position resting on ribs (29) by means of support struts (42) projecting radially from its outer surface.
  9. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the combustion chamber insert (7) is supported on ribs (28) by means of support struts (43) projecting radially from its outer surface.
  10. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the inner walls (10, 12) of the two regions (9, 11) of the water chamber (8) merge smoothly with one another, particularly to form the inner wall of a hollow cylindrical water chamber (8) which is smooth-walled as a whole.
  11. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the combustion chamber insert is formed at the flame entry end at a spacing of 20 to 50 mm, preferably 30 mm, from the surface between the cover and the combustion chamber, over which a partial stream of flue gas is recycled into the flame.
  12. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the burner tube of the burner projects into the mouth of the combustion chamber insert.
EP96108648A 1995-05-31 1996-05-30 Boiler Expired - Lifetime EP0745805B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19519963A DE19519963C2 (en) 1995-05-31 1995-05-31 boiler
DE19519963 1995-05-31

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EP0745805A2 EP0745805A2 (en) 1996-12-04
EP0745805A3 EP0745805A3 (en) 1997-08-06
EP0745805B1 true EP0745805B1 (en) 2003-10-22

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AT410588B (en) * 1998-11-12 2003-06-25 Windhager Zentralheizung Ag LIQUID FUEL BOILERS
DE19854910B4 (en) * 1998-11-27 2004-09-02 Max Weishaupt Gmbh boiler
FR2789157B1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2001-05-04 Jacques Coste LOW-LOSS AIR RECYCLING HEATER WITH CHEMICAL ACCUMULATOR
DE10259951A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh heat exchanger unit
DE102006004372A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-02 Kutzner + Weber Gmbh Boiler with silencer
CN110160032B (en) * 2019-06-25 2023-12-01 哈尔滨驰远电力设备工程有限公司 Wear-resistant device for boiler suspension pipe and horizontal pipe and use method thereof

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DE3601000A1 (en) * 1985-07-02 1987-06-19 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Water-heating boiler
DE3628293A1 (en) * 1986-08-20 1988-02-25 Wolf Klimatechnik Gmbh Heating boiler for burning liquid and/or gaseous fuels
CH677139A5 (en) * 1988-06-24 1991-04-15 Ygnis Sa
DE3908296C2 (en) * 1989-03-14 1994-04-14 Pc Patentconsult Ag Zug boiler
DE4304057A1 (en) * 1993-02-11 1994-08-18 Froeling Kessel App Heating boiler for low-pollutant combustion

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DE59610778D1 (en) 2003-11-27
DE19519963A1 (en) 1996-12-05
EP0745805A2 (en) 1996-12-04
DE19519963C2 (en) 1997-07-17
EP0745805A3 (en) 1997-08-06
ATE252710T1 (en) 2003-11-15

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