EP0139085B1 - Process and burner for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels with reduced production of nox - Google Patents

Process and burner for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels with reduced production of nox Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0139085B1
EP0139085B1 EP84106790A EP84106790A EP0139085B1 EP 0139085 B1 EP0139085 B1 EP 0139085B1 EP 84106790 A EP84106790 A EP 84106790A EP 84106790 A EP84106790 A EP 84106790A EP 0139085 B1 EP0139085 B1 EP 0139085B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
guide tube
burner
combustion
windbox
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84106790A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0139085B2 (en
EP0139085A1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Oppenberg
Helmut Wiehn
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Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
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Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
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Application filed by Deutsche Babcock Werke AG filed Critical Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
Priority to AT84106790T priority Critical patent/ATE27854T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/008—Flow control devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a burner for burning liquid or gaseous fuels with reduced formation of NO x with the features of the first part of claim 1 or 8.
  • the combustion air can be fed in in partial flows, the combustion being carried out in a reducing manner in a first combustion zone.
  • a known burner US-A-4 004 875
  • the partial flows of the combustion air are supplied at intervals along the burner axis.
  • the proportion of primary air is less than the proportion of secondary air, so that an initial flame with insufficient UV radiation can occur.
  • a portion of the incompletely burned reaction products formed in the primary combustion zone is still sucked back and returned to the primary combustion zone.
  • the known burner is therefore particularly unsuitable for the combustion of heavy heating oil.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and a burner for the combustion of liquid and / or gaseous fuels, with the help of which the formation of NO x can be effectively suppressed during combustion with proper flame monitoring and without contamination of the burner.
  • the combustion air is supplied in two or more stages via concentric channels, the openings of which follow at intervals along the burner axis. In this way, a gradual mixing of the combustion air with the oil or gas flame is achieved, so that delayed combustion with a reduced flame temperature is achieved, by which the formation of NO x is effectively suppressed.
  • the return of flue gas via an injector intake by means of the primary air flow serves to further suppress NO x formation.
  • the flue gas is removed from the combustion chamber, where it is largely burned out, so that coking and contamination are avoided.
  • the high proportion of primary air generates an initial flame with sufficient UV radiation, which ensures perfect flame monitoring by means of a UV photo cell.
  • the large proportion of primary air also means that the amount of smoke gas that is sucked back is greater.
  • the essential design elements of the oil and gas burners, which have proven themselves in operation, are retained.
  • the oil flame in the potential vortex is to be stabilized behind a sufficiently large impeller, and the oil nozzles and gas lances can be arranged in such a way that a stable, ignited initial flame is produced.
  • the burner arrangement consists of an air box 1 through which a burner lance 2 for oil and several burner lances for gas are passed.
  • the gas burner lances 3 are arranged around the oil burner lance 2.
  • An impeller 4 is attached to the oil burner lance 2.
  • the burner lance 2, 3 are surrounded by a first guide tube 5, the inlet opening 6 of which lies within the air box 1 and the outlet opening 7 of which lies within the burner mouth, which is represented by the burner groove 8.
  • a combustion chamber 9 connects to the burner groove 8.
  • the air box 1 is separated from the burner groove 8 by a cover plate 10 through which the first guide tube 5 projects.
  • a swirl device 11 and an air guide tube 12 are provided in front of its inlet opening 6.
  • the air guide tube 12 is axially adjustable via a linkage 13 guided to the outside. In one end position, the air guide tube 12 covers the air inlet cross section on the swirl device 11. In the other end position of the air guide tube 12, the air inlet cross section on the swirl device 11 is released and the rest of the inlet cross section to the first guide tube 5 is covered.
  • the first-mentioned position of the air guide tube 12 is shown in the upper part and the other position is shown in the lower part of FIG. 1. Intermediate positions between the two end positions are also possible.
  • a second guide tube 14 is arranged within the burner groove 8 in the longitudinal axis of the burner at an axial distance from the outlet opening 7 of the first guide tube 5 and the cover plate 10 of the air box 1.
  • the second guide tube 14 preferably consists of a conically widening section which is adjoined by a cylindrical section.
  • the second guide tube 14 is surrounded by a third guide tube 16 within the burner groove 8 at a distance, forming an annular channel 15.
  • This third guide tube 16 like the other two guide tubes 5, 14, can be metallic.
  • the third guide tube 16 can also consist of a refractory ceramic material. According to FIG. 1, the third guide tube 16 can extend into the transition of the burner groove 8 into the combustion chamber 9 or, according to FIG. 2, also end shortly before the transition.
  • the outlet cross section of the third guide tube 16 is closer to the combustion chamber 9 than the outlet cross section of the second guide tube 14.
  • the second guide tube 14 projects further into the burner groove 8 than the third guide tube 16.
  • the second guide tube 14 contains an outwardly directed deflection edge 28.
  • the second guide tube 14 can be provided with lateral bores 17, through which a connection between the ring channel 15 between the guide tubes 14, 16 and the interior of the second guide tube 14 is made.
  • the second guide tube 14 can also be extended by a tube section 18 which partially surrounds the second guide tube 14 within the third guide tube 16. In the direction of the combustion chamber 9, the inlet opening of this pipe section 18 is present and its outlet opening behind the outlet opening of the second guide pipe 14.
  • the annular channel 15 has thus been given two outlet cross sections one behind the other.
  • the ring channel 15 is closed at its end facing the air box 1 and connected to the air box 1 via connecting pipes 19.
  • the connecting pipes 19 can open into an air inlet chamber 20 which is formed within the air box 1 and which is open to the air box 1 via an inlet opening.
  • the inlet opening of the air inlet chamber 20 is adjustable via a drum slide 21 which can be axially displaced with the aid of a linkage 22. In the upper part of FIG. 1, the drum slide 21 has opened the inlet opening of the air inlet chamber 20, while in the lower part of FIG. 1 this inlet opening is closed.
  • the connecting pipes open directly into the air box.
  • the air inlet chamber 20 with the opening that can be adjusted via the drum slide 21 is then not present.
  • the third guide tube 16 is arranged at a radial distance from the wall 23 of the burner groove 8 and at an axial distance from the cover plate 10 of the air box 1. In this way, an annular connecting channel 24 is created, via which the combustion chamber 9 is connected to the interior of the second guide tube 14.
  • the wall 23 of the burner groove 8 can be formed by cooling pipes (FIG. 2) or be fireproof-lined (FIG. 3). Training with cooling pipes is recommended if the. Burner is connected to a steam generator operated in forced flow.
  • the wall 23 of the burner groove 8 is surrounded by an annular chamber 25.
  • the annular chamber 25 is provided with an air connection 26, through which air is conveyed into the annular chamber 25 with the aid of a pressure-increasing blower.
  • the annular chamber 25 is connected to the air box 1.
  • an angled baffle plate 27, which laterally delimits the annular chamber 25 and is arranged at a distance from the wall 23 of the burner groove 8, serves to guide the air stream cooling the wall 23.
  • a ring line 29 is laid in the annular connecting channel 24, which is connected to a supply line for water.
  • the ring line 29 is provided with nozzles through which water is sprayed into the connecting channel 24.
  • cooling air is blown through the annular duct 15 when the burner is at a standstill.
  • a cooling air line 30 is accommodated in the air box 1, which is supplied with cooling air from outside the air box 1.
  • the cooling air line can also be designed as a distribution box which is connected to the annular chamber 25 shown in FIG. 1 for cooling the wall 23 of the burner groove 8.
  • the cooling air line 30 is provided with pipe sockets 31 which protrude into the connecting pipes 19. The cooling air line 30 is only supplied with cooling air when the burner is at a standstill.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 can be operated both with air as the combustion medium using the intake of combustion gas from the combustion chamber 9 and with exhaust gas from a gas turbine as the combustion medium.
  • the air or the exhaust gas are optionally supplied to the air box 1.
  • a drum slide 32 is arranged in the air box 1 and can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the burner.
  • the cover plate 10, which closes the air box 1 to the burner groove 8, is provided with an annular opening 33. This opening 33 is provided in the extension of the connecting channel 24.
  • the position of the drum slide 32 shown in the lower part of FIG. 5 is selected for the operation of the burner with air as the combustion medium. In this position, the drum slide 32 closes the opening 33, as a result of which combustion gases are sucked in from the combustion chamber 9 through the connecting channel 24 in the manner described so far by the injector action of the primary air.
  • the drum slide 32 When operating with exhaust gas from a gas turbine, the drum slide 32 is brought into the position shown in the upper part of FIG. 5. The drum slide 32 now opens the opening 33 so that the exhaust gas can flow through the connecting channel 24 in addition to the first guide tube 5 and the annular channel 15. In this way, a sufficiently large flow cross section is made available to the exhaust gas.
  • the air volume is regulated by means of a control element arranged in the supply line.
  • the combustion air is divided into a primary air component and a secondary air component.
  • the primary air flows through the inner guide tube 5 and burns the fuel emerging from the oil burner lance 2 or the gas lances 3 in a flame under substoichiometric conditions.
  • the secondary air enters the annular duct 15 between the first and the second guide tubes 14, 16 via the connecting tubes 19.
  • the secondary air is fed in at an axial distance behind the primary air via the outlet opening of the second guide tube 14.
  • the embodiments of the second guide tube 14 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 split the secondary air again and add it to the flame in two successive stages.
  • the proportion of primary air in the total combustion air is greater than the proportion of secondary air and is between 60 and 80%, preferably about 70%.
  • the quantitative division of the combustion air takes place via the drum slide 21 or by dimensioning the flow cross-sections in accordance with the division.
  • the primary air is only swirled or only swirled axially or partially and partially axially parallel to the burner mouth.
  • Fixed swirl devices are also possible in the path of the secondary air, so that secondary air can be supplied in an axially parallel flow or also swirled.
  • the injector effect which is exerted by the primary air flowing out of the first guide tube 5, means that burned-out smoke gases are sucked out of the combustion chamber 9.
  • These flue gases are led through the connecting channel 24 and the space between the inlet opening of the second guide tube 14 and the cover plate 10 of the air box 1 into the interior of the second guide tube 14. They reach the beginning of the flame between the primary air task and the secondary air task.
  • the sucked-in flue gases can be cooled in the interior of the second guide tube 14 before they are mixed with the flame gases. The cooling takes place by injecting water from the ring line 29 into the flow of the sucked-in flue gases. This cooling causes the flame temperature to rise less and thus contributes to a further reduction in the formation of NO x .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

To allow liquid and/or gaseous fuels to be burned with decreased NOx formation, the combustion air is fed in at axial intervals one after the other. The percentage of primary air is higher than that of secondary air. The injector effect of the primary air draws flue gas out of the firebox and supplies it to a flame-initiation point between the primary-air and secondary-air feeds.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und einen Brenner zum Verbrennen von flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen unter verminderter Bildung von NOx mit den Merkmalen des ersten Teiles des Anspruches 1 oder 8.The invention relates to a method and a burner for burning liquid or gaseous fuels with reduced formation of NO x with the features of the first part of claim 1 or 8.

Mit einem solchen Brenner läßt sich die Verbrennungsluft in Teilströmen aufgeben, wobei die Verbrennung in einer ersten Verbrennungszone reduzierend erfolgt. Bei einem bekannten Brenner (US-A-4 004 875) werden die Teilströme der Verbrennungsluft in Abständen längs der Brennerachse zugeführt. Dabei ist der Anteil der Primärluft geringer als der Anteil der Sekundärluft, so daß sich eine Anfangsflamme mit nicht ausreichender UV-Strahlung einstellen kann. Bei diesem Brenner wird weiterhin ein Teil der in der Primärbrennzone entstehenden, unvollständig verbrannten Reaktionsprodukte rückgesaugt und der Primärbrennzone erneut zugeführt. Diese unvollständig verbrannten Gase führen infolge Abkühlung und durch strömungsbedingte Ablagerungen zu Koksanbackungen und Verschmutzungen innerhalb des Brenners. Der bekannte Brenner ist daher insbesondere für die Verbrennung von schwerem Heizöl nicht geeignet.With such a burner, the combustion air can be fed in in partial flows, the combustion being carried out in a reducing manner in a first combustion zone. In a known burner (US-A-4 004 875), the partial flows of the combustion air are supplied at intervals along the burner axis. The proportion of primary air is less than the proportion of secondary air, so that an initial flame with insufficient UV radiation can occur. In this burner, a portion of the incompletely burned reaction products formed in the primary combustion zone is still sucked back and returned to the primary combustion zone. As a result of cooling and flow-related deposits, these incompletely burned gases lead to coke build-up and contamination inside the burner. The known burner is therefore particularly unsuitable for the combustion of heavy heating oil.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und einen Brenner für die Verbrennung von flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen zu schaffen, mit deren Hilfe die Bildung von NOx bei der Verbrennung wirksam unterdrückt werden kann bei einer einwandfreien Flammenüberwachung und ohne Verschmutzung des Brenners.The invention has for its object to provide a method and a burner for the combustion of liquid and / or gaseous fuels, with the help of which the formation of NO x can be effectively suppressed during combustion with proper flame monitoring and without contamination of the burner.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 und durch einen Brenner mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 8 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method with the features of claim 1 and by a burner with the features of claim 8. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the dependent claims.

Bei diesem Verfahren bzw. bei diesem Brenner wird die Verbrennungsluft zwei- oder mehrstufig über konzentrische Kanäle zugeführt, deren Öffnungen in Abständen längs der Brennerachse folgen. Hierdurch wird eine gestufte Vermischung der Verbrennungsluft mit der ÖI- oder Gasflamme erreicht, so daß eine verzögerte Verbrennung mit abgesenkter Flammentemperatur erzielt wird, durch die die Bildung von NOx wirksam unterdrückt wird.In this method or in this burner, the combustion air is supplied in two or more stages via concentric channels, the openings of which follow at intervals along the burner axis. In this way, a gradual mixing of the combustion air with the oil or gas flame is achieved, so that delayed combustion with a reduced flame temperature is achieved, by which the formation of NO x is effectively suppressed.

Zur weiteren Unterdrückung der NOx Bildung dient die Rückführung von Rauchgas über eine Injektoransaugung mittels des Primärluftstromes. Dabei wird das Rauchgas dem Feuerraum entnommen, wo es weitgehend ausgebrannt ist, so daß Koksanbackungen und Verschmutzungen vermieden werden. Der hohe Anteil an Primärluft erzeugt eine Anfangsflamme mit einer ausreichenden UV-Strahlung, durch die eine einwandfreie Flammenüberwachung durch eine UV-Fotozelle sicherzustellen ist. Außerdem ist durch den großen Primärluftanteil der rückgesaugte Rauchgasanteil größer. Dabei bleiben die wesentlichen Konstruktionselemente der Öl- und Gasbrenner erhalten, die sich im Betrieb bewährt haben. So ist die Ölflamme in dem Potentialwirbel hinter einem ausreichend großen Impeller zu stabilisieren, und die Öldüsen und Gaslanzen können so angeordnet werden, daß eine stabile durchgezündete Anfangsflamme entsteht.The return of flue gas via an injector intake by means of the primary air flow serves to further suppress NO x formation. The flue gas is removed from the combustion chamber, where it is largely burned out, so that coking and contamination are avoided. The high proportion of primary air generates an initial flame with sufficient UV radiation, which ensures perfect flame monitoring by means of a UV photo cell. The large proportion of primary air also means that the amount of smoke gas that is sucked back is greater. The essential design elements of the oil and gas burners, which have proven themselves in operation, are retained. The oil flame in the potential vortex is to be stabilized behind a sufficiently large impeller, and the oil nozzles and gas lances can be arranged in such a way that a stable, ignited initial flame is produced.

Mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen :

  • Figur 1 den Längsschnitt durch einen Brenner gemäß der Erfindung und
  • Figur 2 bis 5 jeweils den Längsschnitt durch eine Brennerkehle gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
Several embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail below. Show it :
  • Figure 1 shows the longitudinal section through a burner according to the invention and
  • Figures 2 to 5 each the longitudinal section through a burner throat according to another embodiment of the invention.

Die Brenneranordnung besteht aus einem Luftkasten 1, durch den eine Brennerlanze 2 für Öl und mehrere Brennerlanzen für Gas hindurchgeführt sind. Die Gasbrennerlanzen 3 sind um die Ölbrennerlanze 2 angeordnet. Auf der Ölbrennerlanze 2 ist ein Impeller 4 befestigt.The burner arrangement consists of an air box 1 through which a burner lance 2 for oil and several burner lances for gas are passed. The gas burner lances 3 are arranged around the oil burner lance 2. An impeller 4 is attached to the oil burner lance 2.

Die Brennerlanze 2, 3 sind von einem ersten Führungsrohr 5 umgeben, dessen Eintrittsöffnung 6 innerhalb des Luftkastens 1 und dessen Austrittsöffnung 7 innerhalb der Brennermündung liegt, die durch die Brennerkehle 8 dargestellt ist. An die Brennerkehle 8 schließt sich ein Feuerraum 9 an. Der Luftkasten 1 ist von der Brennerkehle 8 durch eine Deckplatte 10 getrennt, durch die das erste Führungsrohr 5 hindurchragt.The burner lance 2, 3 are surrounded by a first guide tube 5, the inlet opening 6 of which lies within the air box 1 and the outlet opening 7 of which lies within the burner mouth, which is represented by the burner groove 8. A combustion chamber 9 connects to the burner groove 8. The air box 1 is separated from the burner groove 8 by a cover plate 10 through which the first guide tube 5 projects.

In rückwärtiger Verlängerung des ersten Führungsrohres 5 ist vor dessen Eintrittsöffnung 6 eine Dralleinrichtung 11 und ein Luftleitrohr 12 vorgesehen. Das Luftleitrohr 12 ist über ein nach außen geführtes Gestänge 13 axial verstellbar. In der einen Endstellung überdeckt das Luftleitrohr 12 den Lufteintrittsquerschnitt an der Dralleinrichtung 11. In der anderen Endstellung des Luftleitrohres 12 ist der Lufteintrittsquerschnitt an der Dralleinrichtung 11 freigegeben und der übrige Eintrittsquerschnitt zu dem ersten Führungsrohr 5 überdeckt. Die zuerst genannte Stellung des Luftleitrohres 12 ist in dem oberen Teil und die andere Stellung ist in dem unteren Teil der Figur 1 gezeigt. Dabei sind auch Zwischenstellungen zwischen den beiden Endstellungen möglich.In the rearward extension of the first guide tube 5, a swirl device 11 and an air guide tube 12 are provided in front of its inlet opening 6. The air guide tube 12 is axially adjustable via a linkage 13 guided to the outside. In one end position, the air guide tube 12 covers the air inlet cross section on the swirl device 11. In the other end position of the air guide tube 12, the air inlet cross section on the swirl device 11 is released and the rest of the inlet cross section to the first guide tube 5 is covered. The first-mentioned position of the air guide tube 12 is shown in the upper part and the other position is shown in the lower part of FIG. 1. Intermediate positions between the two end positions are also possible.

Innerhalb der Brennerkehle 8 ist in der Längsachse des Brenners in einem axialen Abstand von der Austrittsöffnung 7 des ersten Führungsrohres 5 und der Deckplatte 10 des Luftkastens 1 ein zweites Führungsrohr 14 angeordnet. Das zweite Führungsrohr 14 besteht vorzugsweise aus einem sich konisch erweiternden Abschnitt, an den sich ein zylindrischer Abschnitt anschließt.A second guide tube 14 is arranged within the burner groove 8 in the longitudinal axis of the burner at an axial distance from the outlet opening 7 of the first guide tube 5 and the cover plate 10 of the air box 1. The second guide tube 14 preferably consists of a conically widening section which is adjoined by a cylindrical section.

Das zweite Führungsrohr 14 ist innerhalb der Brennerkehle 8 in einem Abstand unter Bildung eines Ringkanales 15 von einem dritten Führungsrohr 16 umgeben. Dieses dritte Führungsrohr 16 kann ebenso wie die beiden anderen Führungsrohre 5, 14 metallisch sein. Je nach den zu erwartenden Temperaturen kann das dritte Führungsrohr 16 auch aus einem feuerfesten keramischen Werkstoff bestehen. Das dritte Führungsrohr 16 kann nach Fig. 1 bis in den Übergang der Brennerkehle 8 in den Feuerraum 9 reichen oder nach Figur 2 auch kurz vor dem Übergang enden. Der Austrittsquerschnitt des dritten Führungsrohres 16 liegt dem Feuerraum 9 näher als der Austrittsquerschnitt des zweiten Führungsrohres 14.The second guide tube 14 is surrounded by a third guide tube 16 within the burner groove 8 at a distance, forming an annular channel 15. This third guide tube 16, like the other two guide tubes 5, 14, can be metallic. Depending on the to Expecting temperatures, the third guide tube 16 can also consist of a refractory ceramic material. According to FIG. 1, the third guide tube 16 can extend into the transition of the burner groove 8 into the combustion chamber 9 or, according to FIG. 2, also end shortly before the transition. The outlet cross section of the third guide tube 16 is closer to the combustion chamber 9 than the outlet cross section of the second guide tube 14.

Nach Figur 4 ragt das zweite Führungsrohr 14 weiter in die Brennerkehle 8 hinein als das dritte Führungsrohr 16. Dabei enthält das zweite Führungsrohr 14 eine nach außen weisende Ablenkkante 28.According to FIG. 4, the second guide tube 14 projects further into the burner groove 8 than the third guide tube 16. The second guide tube 14 contains an outwardly directed deflection edge 28.

Das zweite Führungsrohr 14 kann mit seitlichen Bohrungen 17 versehen sein, durch die eine Verbindung zwischen dem Ringkanal 15 zwischen den Führungsrohren 14, 16 und dem Innenraum des zweiten Führungsrohres 14 hergestellt ist.The second guide tube 14 can be provided with lateral bores 17, through which a connection between the ring channel 15 between the guide tubes 14, 16 and the interior of the second guide tube 14 is made.

Das zweite Führungsrohr 14 kann auch durch einen Rohrabschnitt 18 verlängert sein, der innerhalb des dritten Führungsrohres 16 das zweite Führungsrohr 14 teilweise umgibt. In Richtung auf den Feuerraum 9 liegt die Eintrittsöffnung dieses Rohrabschnittes 18 vor und dessen Austrittsöffnung hinter der Austrittsöffnung des zweiten Führungsrohres 14. Damit hat der Ringkanal 15 zwei hintereinanderliegende Austrittsquerschnitte erhalten.The second guide tube 14 can also be extended by a tube section 18 which partially surrounds the second guide tube 14 within the third guide tube 16. In the direction of the combustion chamber 9, the inlet opening of this pipe section 18 is present and its outlet opening behind the outlet opening of the second guide pipe 14. The annular channel 15 has thus been given two outlet cross sections one behind the other.

Der Ringkanal 15 ist an seinem dem Luftkasten 1 zugewandten Ende geschlossen und über Verbindungsrohre 19 mit dem Luftkasten 1 verbunden. Dabei können die Verbindungsrohre 19 in eine Lufteintrittskammer 20 münden, die innerhalb des Luftkastens 1 gebildet ist und die über eine Eintrittsöffnung zum Luftkasten 1 offen ist. Die Eintrittsöffnung der Lufteintrittskammer 20 ist über einen Trommelschieber 21 einstellbar, der mit Hilfe eines Gestänges 22 axial verschiebbar ist. In dem oberen Teil der Figur 1 hat der Trommelschieber 21 die Eintrittsöffnung der Lufteintrittskammer 20 freigegeben, während im unteren Teil der Figur 1 diese Eintrittsöffnung verschlossen ist.The ring channel 15 is closed at its end facing the air box 1 and connected to the air box 1 via connecting pipes 19. The connecting pipes 19 can open into an air inlet chamber 20 which is formed within the air box 1 and which is open to the air box 1 via an inlet opening. The inlet opening of the air inlet chamber 20 is adjustable via a drum slide 21 which can be axially displaced with the aid of a linkage 22. In the upper part of FIG. 1, the drum slide 21 has opened the inlet opening of the air inlet chamber 20, while in the lower part of FIG. 1 this inlet opening is closed.

In einer vereinfachten Ausführungsform münden die Verbindungsrohre direkt in den Luftkasten. Die Lufteintrittskammer 20 mit der über den Trommelschieber 21 einstellbaren Öffnung ist dann nicht vorhanden.In a simplified embodiment, the connecting pipes open directly into the air box. The air inlet chamber 20 with the opening that can be adjusted via the drum slide 21 is then not present.

Das dritte Führungsrohr 16 ist mit einem radialen Abstand von der Wandung 23 der Brennerkehle 8 und mit einem axialen Abstand von der Deckplatte 10 des Luftkastens 1 angeordnet. Auf diese Weise ist ein ringförmiger Verbindungskanal 24 geschaffen, über den der Feuerraum 9 mit dem Innenraum des zweiten Führungsrohres 14 verbunden ist.The third guide tube 16 is arranged at a radial distance from the wall 23 of the burner groove 8 and at an axial distance from the cover plate 10 of the air box 1. In this way, an annular connecting channel 24 is created, via which the combustion chamber 9 is connected to the interior of the second guide tube 14.

Die Wandung 23 der Brennerkehle 8 kann durch Kühlrohre gebildet (Fig. 2) oder feuerfest ausgekleidet sein (Fig. 3). Die Ausbildung mit Kühlrohren empfiehlt sich, wenn der. Brenner an einen im Zwangsdurchlauf betriebenen Dampferzeuger angeschlossen ist.The wall 23 of the burner groove 8 can be formed by cooling pipes (FIG. 2) or be fireproof-lined (FIG. 3). Training with cooling pipes is recommended if the. Burner is connected to a steam generator operated in forced flow.

Nach Figur 1 ist die Wandung 23 der Brennerkehle 8 von einer Ringkammer 25 umgeben. Die Ringkammer 25 ist mit einem Luftanschluß 26 versehen, durch den mit Hilfe eines Druckerhöhungsgebläses Luft in die Ringkammer 25 gefördert wird. Die Ringkammer 25 ist mit dem Luftkasten 1 verbunden. Dabei dient ein gewinkeltes Leitblech 27, das die Ringkammer 25 seitlich begrenzt und in einem Abstand von der Wandung 23 der Brennerkehle 8 angeordnet ist, der Führung des die Wandung 23 kühlenden Luftstromes.According to FIG. 1, the wall 23 of the burner groove 8 is surrounded by an annular chamber 25. The annular chamber 25 is provided with an air connection 26, through which air is conveyed into the annular chamber 25 with the aid of a pressure-increasing blower. The annular chamber 25 is connected to the air box 1. Here, an angled baffle plate 27, which laterally delimits the annular chamber 25 and is arranged at a distance from the wall 23 of the burner groove 8, serves to guide the air stream cooling the wall 23.

In der Nähe der Deckplatte 10 ist nach Figur 4 entsprechend einer weiteren möglichen Zusatzausrüstung in dem ringförmigen Verbindungskanal 24 eine Ringleitung 29 verlegt, die an eine Zuführungsleitung für Wasser angeschlossen ist. Die Ringleitung 29 ist mit Düsen versehen, durch die Wasser in den Verbindungskanal 24 eingesprüht wird.According to FIG. 4, in the vicinity of the cover plate 10, in accordance with a further possible additional equipment, a ring line 29 is laid in the annular connecting channel 24, which is connected to a supply line for water. The ring line 29 is provided with nozzles through which water is sprayed into the connecting channel 24.

Um die Führungsrohre 5. 14, 16 und den Rohrabschnitt 18 bei abgeschaltetem Brenner vor einer Wärmeabstrahlung aus dem Feuerraum 9 zu schützen, wird bei Brennerstillstand Kühlluft durch den Ringkanal 15 geblasen. Zu diesem Zweck ist in dem Luftkasten 1 eine Kühlluftleitung 30 untergebracht, die von außerhalb des Luftkastens 1 mit Kühlluft versorgt wird. Die Kühlluftleitung kann auch als Verteilkasten ausgebildet sein, der an die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ringkammer 25 zur Kühlung der Wandung 23 der Brennerkehle 8 angeschlossen ist. Die Kühlluftleitung 30 ist mit Rohrstutzen 31 versehen, die in die Verbindungsrohre 19 hineinragen. Die Kühlluftleitung 30 wird nur bei Brennerstillstand mit Kühlluft beaufschlagt.In order to protect the guide tubes 5, 14, 16 and the tube section 18 from heat radiation from the combustion chamber 9 when the burner is switched off, cooling air is blown through the annular duct 15 when the burner is at a standstill. For this purpose, a cooling air line 30 is accommodated in the air box 1, which is supplied with cooling air from outside the air box 1. The cooling air line can also be designed as a distribution box which is connected to the annular chamber 25 shown in FIG. 1 for cooling the wall 23 of the burner groove 8. The cooling air line 30 is provided with pipe sockets 31 which protrude into the connecting pipes 19. The cooling air line 30 is only supplied with cooling air when the burner is at a standstill.

Die in Figur 5 dargestellte Ausführungsform kann sowohl mit Luft als Verbrennungsmedium unter Anwendung der Ansaugung von Verbrennungsgas aus dem Feuerraum 9 als auch mit Abgas einer Gasturbine als Verbrennungsmedium betrieben werden. Die Luft bzw. das Abgas werden wahlweise dem Luftkasten 1 zugeführt. In dem Luftkasten 1 ist ein Trommelschieber 32 angeordnet, der in Längsrichtung des Brenners verschiebbar ist. Die Deckplatte 10, die den Luftkasten 1 zur Brennerkehle 8 hin verschließt, ist mit einer ringförmigen Öffnung 33 versehen. Diese Öffnung 33 ist in Verlängerung des Verbindungskanals 24 vorgesehen.The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 can be operated both with air as the combustion medium using the intake of combustion gas from the combustion chamber 9 and with exhaust gas from a gas turbine as the combustion medium. The air or the exhaust gas are optionally supplied to the air box 1. A drum slide 32 is arranged in the air box 1 and can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the burner. The cover plate 10, which closes the air box 1 to the burner groove 8, is provided with an annular opening 33. This opening 33 is provided in the extension of the connecting channel 24.

Die im unteren Teil der Figur 5 dargestellte Stellung des Trommelschiebers 32 ist für den Betrieb des Brenners mit Luft als Verbrennungsmedium gewählt. In dieser Stellung verschließt der Trommelschieber 32 die Öffnung 33, wodurch in der bisher beschriebenen Weise durch die Injektorwirkung der Primärluft Verbrennungsgase aus dem Feuerraum 9 durch den Verbindungskanal 24 angesaugt werden.The position of the drum slide 32 shown in the lower part of FIG. 5 is selected for the operation of the burner with air as the combustion medium. In this position, the drum slide 32 closes the opening 33, as a result of which combustion gases are sucked in from the combustion chamber 9 through the connecting channel 24 in the manner described so far by the injector action of the primary air.

Bei dem Betrieb mit Abgas einer Gasturbine wird der Trommelschieber 32 in die im oberen Teil der Fig. 5 gezeigte Stellung gebracht. Der Trommelschieber 32 gibt jetzt die Öffnung 33 frei, so daß das Abgas außer durch das erste Führungsrohr 5 und den Ringkanal 15 auch durch den Verbindungskanal 24 strömen kann. Auf diese Weise wird dem Abgas ein genügend großer Strömungsquerschnitt zur Verfügung gestellt.When operating with exhaust gas from a gas turbine, the drum slide 32 is brought into the position shown in the upper part of FIG. 5. The drum slide 32 now opens the opening 33 so that the exhaust gas can flow through the connecting channel 24 in addition to the first guide tube 5 and the annular channel 15. In this way, a sufficiently large flow cross section is made available to the exhaust gas.

Mit dem beschriebenen Brenner läßt sich das nachfolgend erläuterte Verfahren durchführen. Dem Luftkasten 1 wird eine vorgegebene, auf die Brennstoffmenge abgestimmte Luftmenge zugegeben. Die Regelung der Luftmenge erfolgt über ein in der Zuleitung angeordnetes Regelorgan. In dem Luftkasten 1 wird die Verbrennungsluft in einen Primärluftanteil und einen Sekundärluftanteil aufgeteilt. Die Primärluft durchströmt das innere Führungsrohr 5 und verbrennt den aus der Ölbrennerlanze 2 oder den Gaslanzen 3 austretenden Brennstoff in einer Flamme unter unterstöchiometrischen Bedingungen. Die Sekundärluft tritt über die Verbindungsrohre 19 in den Ringkanal 15 zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Führungsrohr 14, 16 ein. Über die Austrittsöffnung des zweiten Führungsrohres 14 wird die Sekundärluft in einem axialen Abstand hinter der Primärluft aufgegeben. Durch die in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsformen des zweiten Führungsrohres 14 wird die Sekundärluft noch einmal aufgeteilt und in zwei hintereinanderliegenden Stufen der Flamme zugegeben.The method explained below can be carried out with the burner described. A predetermined amount of air, matched to the amount of fuel, is added to the air box 1. The air volume is regulated by means of a control element arranged in the supply line. In the air box 1, the combustion air is divided into a primary air component and a secondary air component. The primary air flows through the inner guide tube 5 and burns the fuel emerging from the oil burner lance 2 or the gas lances 3 in a flame under substoichiometric conditions. The secondary air enters the annular duct 15 between the first and the second guide tubes 14, 16 via the connecting tubes 19. The secondary air is fed in at an axial distance behind the primary air via the outlet opening of the second guide tube 14. The embodiments of the second guide tube 14 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 split the secondary air again and add it to the flame in two successive stages.

Nach Figur 4 wird die aus dem Ringkanal 15 austretende Sekundärluft durch die Ablenkkante 28 nach außen, d. h. von der Flamme weg abgelenkt. Auf diese Weise wird die Vermischung der Sekundärluft mit den Flammengasen weiter verzögert.According to Figure 4, the secondary air emerging from the annular duct 15 through the deflection edge 28 to the outside, i. H. distracted away from the flame. In this way, the mixing of the secondary air with the flame gases is further delayed.

Der Anteil der Primärluft an der gesamten Verbrennungsluft ist größer als der Sekundärluftanteil und beträgt zwischen 60 und 80 %, vorzugsweise etwa 70 %. Die mengenmäßige Aufteilung der Verbrennungsluft erfolgt über den Trommelschiebers 21 oder durch eine der Aufteilung entsprechende Bemessung der Durchströmquerschnitte.The proportion of primary air in the total combustion air is greater than the proportion of secondary air and is between 60 and 80%, preferably about 70%. The quantitative division of the combustion air takes place via the drum slide 21 or by dimensioning the flow cross-sections in accordance with the division.

Die Primärluft wird je nach der Stellung des Luftleitrohres 12 ausschließlich verdrallt oder ausschließlich achsparallel oder teils verdrallt und teils achsparallel der Brennermündung zugeführt. Fest angestellte Dralleinrichtungen sind in dem Weg der Sekundärluft ebenfalls möglich, so daß Sekundärluft in achsparalleler Anströmung oder auch verdrallt zugeführt werden kann.Depending on the position of the air guide tube 12, the primary air is only swirled or only swirled axially or partially and partially axially parallel to the burner mouth. Fixed swirl devices are also possible in the path of the secondary air, so that secondary air can be supplied in an axially parallel flow or also swirled.

Durch die Injektorwirkung, die von der aus dem ersten Führungsrohr 5 ausströmenden Primärluft ausgeübt wird, werden ausgebrannte Rauchgase aus dem Feuerraum 9 angesaugt. Diese Rauchgase werden durch den Verbindungskanal 24 und den Zwischenraum zwischen der Eintrittsöffnung des zweiten Führungsrohres 14 und der Deckplatte 10 des Luftkastens 1 in den Innenraum des zweiten Führungsrohres 14 geführt. Dabei gelangen sie an den Flammenanfang zwischen der Primärluftaufgabe und der Sekundärluftaufgabe, Die angesaugten Rauchgase können vor ihrer Vermischung mit den Flammengasen in dem Innenraum des zweiten Führungsrohres 14 gekühlt werden. Das Abkühlen erfolgt durch Eindüsen von Wasser aus der Ringleitung 29 in die Strömung der angesaugten Rauchgase. Diese Abkühlung läßt die Flammentemperatur weniger stark ansteigen und trägt damit zu einer weiteren Verminderung der Bildung von NOx bei.The injector effect, which is exerted by the primary air flowing out of the first guide tube 5, means that burned-out smoke gases are sucked out of the combustion chamber 9. These flue gases are led through the connecting channel 24 and the space between the inlet opening of the second guide tube 14 and the cover plate 10 of the air box 1 into the interior of the second guide tube 14. They reach the beginning of the flame between the primary air task and the secondary air task. The sucked-in flue gases can be cooled in the interior of the second guide tube 14 before they are mixed with the flame gases. The cooling takes place by injecting water from the ring line 29 into the flow of the sucked-in flue gases. This cooling causes the flame temperature to rise less and thus contributes to a further reduction in the formation of NO x .

Claims (19)

1. Process for the combustion of liquid and/or gaseous fuels in a combustion chamber, minimizing the. formation of NOx, in which the combustion air is supplied divided into partial streams of primary air and secondary air, these partial streams are introduced in flow direction of the combustion gases successively at axial intervals and an injector effect is produced by the primary air through which the combustion gases are sucked in and passed to the flame root between the primary air injection point and secondary air injection point, characterized in that the primary air is supplied in a larger portion of the total combustion air than the secondary air and that combustion gases burned out to a large extent are drawn from the combustion chamber after supply of the secondary air.
2. Process according to Claim 1 characterized in that primary air is supplied in a partial stream of about 60-80 %, preferably of about 70 % of the total combustion air.
3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the secondary air is supplied in axis-parallel or swirled flow.
4. Process according to Claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the primary air is supplied in axis-parallel flow or swirled flow or partly in axis-parallel and partly in swirled flow.
5. Process according to Claim 1 characterized in that the secondary air is introduced in several partial streams successively at axial intervals in the flow direction of the combustion gases.
6. Process according to Claim 1 characterized in that the secondary air is deflected outward on entering the furnace.
7. Process according to Claim 1 characterized in that the sucked-in combustion gases are cooled by injection of water before being mixed with the flame gases.
8. Burner for the combustion of liquid and/or gaseous fuels, minimizing the formation of NOx. in which burner lances (2, 3) are passed through a windbox (1) which is separated from a burner throat (8) by a cover plate (10), the burner lances (2, 3) being surrounded by a first guide tube (5) which passes through the cover plate (10) and whose inlet opening (6) is located within the windbox (1) and whose outlet opening (7) in the burner throat (8), a second guide tube being arranged in the direction of the burner axis within the burner throat (8) at an axial distance from the outlet opening of the first guide tube (5) and surrounded by a third guide tube (16) which is arranged at a radial distance from the wall (23) of the burner throat (8), forming an annular duct (24), for performing the process according to Claim 1 characterized in that the second and third guide tube (14, 16) are arranged at an axial distance from the cover plate (10), the annular duct (15) formed by these two guide tubes (14.16) is closed at the end facing the windbox (1) and connected with the windbox (1) via connecting tubes (19), that the annular duct (24) surrounding the third guide tube (16) is connected with the inlet-side end of the second guide tube (14) and that a larger air flow can be supplied to the first guide tube (5) than to the annular duct (15).
9. Burner according to Claim 8, characterized in that the connecting tubes (18) lead into an air inlet chamber (20) which is connected to the windbox (1) via an inlet opening adjustable by means of a movable sleeve (21).
10. Burner according to Claim 8 or 9 characterized in that the outlet opening of the third guide tube (16) projects beyond the outlet opening of the second guide tube (14) in the direction of the combustion chamber (9).
11. Burner according to Claim 8 or 9 characterized in that the outlet opening of the second guide tube (14) projects beyond the outlet opening of the third guide tube (16) in the direction of the combustion chamber (9) and is provided with a deflecting edge (28) pointing outward.
12. Burner according to Claim 11 characterized in that the outlet opening of the third guide tube (16) projects into the transition of the burner throat (8) to the combustion chamber (9).
13. Burner according to Claim 8 characterized in that lateral ports (17) are provided in the second guide tube (14).
14. Burner according to Claim 8 characterized in that a tube length (18) is arranged between the second and third guide tube (14, 16) whose inlet cross section is located - in the direction of the combustion chamber (9) - before the outlet opening of the second guide tube (14) and whose outlet cross section after this outlet opening.
15. Burner according to Claim 8 characterized in that the wall (23) of the burner throat (8) is surrounded by an annular chamber (25) which is provided with an air supply branch (28) and connected with the windbox (1).
16. Burner according to Claim 8 characterized in that a swirl device (11) and an axially movable air guide tube (12) are arranged in the rear extension of the first guide tube (5) within the windbox (1) and that the air guide tube (12) in one end position covers the air inlet cross section at the swirl device (11) and, in the other end position, the remaining air inlet cross section of the first guide tube (5).
17. Burner according to Claim 8 characterized in that a water-carrying closed-circuit line provided with nozzles is installed in the annular duct (24).
18. Burner according to Claim 8 characterized in that a cooling air line (30) is arranged within the windbox (1) which is provided with tube branches (31) protruding into the connecting tubes (19).
19. Burner according to Claim 8 characterized in that the cover plate (10) is provided in the extension of the annular duct (24) with an opening (33) and that the opening (33) can be closed by a movable hood sleeve (32) arranged within the windbox (1).
EP84106790A 1983-07-30 1984-06-14 Process and burner for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels with reduced production of nox Expired - Lifetime EP0139085B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT84106790T ATE27854T1 (en) 1983-07-30 1984-06-14 PROCESSES AND BURNERS FOR COMBUSTING LIQUID OR GASEOUS FUELS WITH REDUCED NOX FORMATION.

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DE3327597 1983-07-30
DE19833327597 DE3327597A1 (en) 1983-07-30 1983-07-30 METHOD AND BURNER FOR BURNING LIQUID OR GASEOUS FUELS WITH REDUCED NOX PRODUCTION

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EP0139085A1 EP0139085A1 (en) 1985-05-02
EP0139085B1 true EP0139085B1 (en) 1987-06-16
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JP (1) JPH0713527B2 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0139085B2 (en) 1993-08-18
DE3464283D1 (en) 1987-07-23
JPH0713527B2 (en) 1995-02-15
ATE27854T1 (en) 1987-07-15
DE3327597A1 (en) 1985-02-07
US4575332A (en) 1986-03-11
DE3327597C2 (en) 1992-07-16
JPS6038513A (en) 1985-02-28
EP0139085A1 (en) 1985-05-02

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