EP0292580B1 - Boiler - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0292580B1
EP0292580B1 EP87107258A EP87107258A EP0292580B1 EP 0292580 B1 EP0292580 B1 EP 0292580B1 EP 87107258 A EP87107258 A EP 87107258A EP 87107258 A EP87107258 A EP 87107258A EP 0292580 B1 EP0292580 B1 EP 0292580B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
region
water chamber
flue gas
chamber
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EP87107258A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0292580A1 (en
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PC Patentconsult AG
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PC Patentconsult AG
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Priority to DE8787107258T priority Critical patent/DE3766246D1/en
Priority to AT87107258T priority patent/ATE58428T1/en
Priority to ES87107258T priority patent/ES2019601B3/en
Priority to EP87107258A priority patent/EP0292580B1/en
Priority to DK271988A priority patent/DK166230C/en
Publication of EP0292580A1 publication Critical patent/EP0292580A1/en
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Publication of EP0292580B1 publication Critical patent/EP0292580B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an oil or gas-fired boiler with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the combustion chamber has a first zone - flame formation zone - and a second zone - flame burnout zone - axially one behind the other in the flame propagation direction.
  • the first zone is dominated by the flue gas duct surrounding it or additional insulation high temperatures, which cause a large formation of nitrogen oxide.
  • a boiler of the type mentioned is to be made available, which works in a compact size, simple manufacture and maintenance with small exhaust gas losses and enables good combustion with low emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides, hydrocarbons and soot.
  • the boiler according to the invention is constructed in such a way that there are two different zones, such that the combustion chamber has a first cooled zone adjoining the burner, in which the flame forms, and a second, hot zone follows in the flame propagation direction, in which the flame burns out, that the water space has a first area, the inner wall of which directly delimits the cooled zone on the side, a second area, the inner wall of which surrounds the wall of a combustion chamber insert delimiting the hot zone at a distance, and a multi-part water transition area which defines the first connects to the second water chamber area, and that the flue gas duct, viewed in the flow direction of the flue gases, has a first duct section which extends within the distance between the inner wall of the second water chamber region and the boundary wall of the combustion chamber insert of the hot zone, and a two th channel section, which runs at a distance from the inner wall of the first water space region through this or along the outer wall thereof, and a multi-part flue gas intermediate space which connects the first flu
  • the combustion chamber By dividing the combustion chamber into a first, cooled zone, in which the flame forms, and a second, not directly cooled zone, in which the flame burns out, one takes into account the fact that the less nitrogen oxides (NOx) are generated, the lower the furnace temperature - especially in the vicinity of the flame formation zone.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • a hot use of the combustion chamber leads to an almost complete combustion, in such a way that carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and soot can practically not arise.
  • a considerable reduction in the formation of NOx is achieved, while the formation of other pollutants is prevented by the fact that the cooled zone is followed by a hot zone for the flame burnout, which ensures good combustion.
  • the heat is no longer so high that the formation of nitrogen oxide is favored.
  • the combustion chamber design can be designed in such a way that the flame does not strike metal parts, especially not cast parts, but burns out.
  • the water chamber has two areas, the first of which directly delimits the zone of the combustion chamber in which the flame is formed and thus removes heat from this zone, while the second region of the second zone, which serves to ignite the flame, is spaced apart and with the use of a fireplace insert that is not directly cooled by the water space.
  • the flue gas duct is subdivided in such a way that, viewed in the direction of the flue gas flow, it runs with a first section between the combustion chamber insert delimiting the second zone of the combustion chamber and the inner wall of the second water chamber area, while a second section is assigned to the first water chamber area in such a way that the flue gases emanate from the
  • the inner wall of this second water space area can be guided at a distance, be it bushings arranged to pass through the interior of the water space area or be it along the radial outside of this water space area.
  • the aim here is to cool the flue gas flowing towards the flue gas collecting space as far as possible within this second section of the flue gas duct in order to keep exhaust gas losses small.
  • the second water area which surrounds the second zone, on the one hand, on its inner surface by the flue gases in it Most section of the flue gas channel and secondly heated by heat radiation, which emanates from the wall of the combustion chamber insert in the second, hot zone.
  • the first water area serves to cool the first zone and at the same time forms an insulator for the transfer of heat from this first zone of the combustion chamber to the second section of the flue gas duct, so that the flue gas no longer heats up appropriately shortly before the flue gas collecting space to be connected to the chimney becomes.
  • the insulation of the outer jacket of the boiler is adapted to the low temperature level.
  • the boiler is preferably standing, i.e. operated with an approximately vertically directed boiler axis.
  • the temperatures in the area of the first section of the flue gas duct are too high for condensate separation.
  • Condensate, which could form in the second section reaches the area of the flue gas space under gravity, which in a preferred embodiment of the invention is arranged so that it adjoins the upper edge area of the second, hot zone of the combustion chamber, so that radiant heat is sufficient for one high temperature in this flue gas space ensures that condensate accumulations are avoided.
  • the formation of the water space areas from gray cast iron is indicated, preferably in such a way that in areas of possible condensate formation there are no gray cast iron surfaces that require machining.
  • the water space with its two water space areas and the multi-part transition area can be formed in one or more parts. Basically, a steel sheet version is also possible under appropriate operating conditions.
  • ribs can generally be provided in the sections of the smoke duct, which have the usual known shapes.
  • a special feature arises for the second section of the flue gas duct if it is arranged to be guided past the outer wall of the first area of the water space.
  • ribs provided on the outer wall of the first water space region extend radially outwards and thus diverge, so that the ribs can be arranged at a relatively close distance from one another in their foot region.
  • the large outside diameter in addition to this arrangement results in a particularly high heat transfer area, so that the flow path for the desired cooling of the flue gas in this second section of the flue gas duct can be chosen to be correspondingly short.
  • one-piece or multi-part designs of the water space from cast iron can be considered, as can be seen from the exemplary embodiments described below.
  • the exemplary embodiments show a standing boiler 1, on the top end of which a burner 2 is arranged as a burner; the burner is only shown in FIG. 1 and is present in the same way in the other exemplary embodiments.
  • the boiler 1 which has an essentially circular cross-section, is provided in its center with a combustion chamber 3, which extends from the inside of the upper end wall to the bottom region of the boiler and opens there in a deflection chamber 4.
  • the hot flue gases resulting from the combustion in the combustion chamber 3 thus flow downward, are deflected in the chamber 4 and are carried on to the side of the combustion chamber in the opposite direction.
  • the combustion chamber 3 has a first zone arranged in connection with the upper end-side boundary of the combustion chamber 3, in which the flame forms and which is therefore called the flame formation zone 5 here. This zone 5 is followed by another zone in the rest of the combustion chamber 3, in which the flame burns out and is therefore referred to as the flame burnout zone 6.
  • the flame burnout zone 6 is delimited by a wall of a combustion chamber insert 7 designed as a steel tube.
  • the water space designated overall by 8 is divided into two water space areas, namely a first area 11 and a second area 9, which are connected to one another by a multi-part transition area 14.
  • the second area 9 with its inner wall 10 forms a hollow cylindrical space at a distance from the combustion chamber insert 7 of zone 6, while the first area 11 with its inner jacket wall 12 directly delimits zone 5.
  • the outer surface 13 of the first water space 11 extends at a distance from the inner surface of the boiler shell wall, so that a hollow cylindrical space remains between them.
  • a total of 15 designated flue gas duct extends from the lower deflection chamber 4 outside the combustion chamber 3 to a flue gas collecting space 19 formed in the upper front area of the boiler, which is connected via an outlet 20 to a chimney (not shown).
  • the flue gas duct 15 viewed in this flue gas flow direction, has a first section 16, which extends in the hollow cylindrical space between the combustion chamber insert 7 and the inner wall 10 of the second water space region 9, and propagates in a second section 17, which extends through the hollow cylindrical space extends between the inner surface of the boiler shell wall and the outer surface 13 of the first water space region 11.
  • the two sections 16 and 17 of the flue gas duct 15 are connected to one another via a multi-part flue gas space 18, as can be seen in the drawing.
  • the deflection space 4 is closed at the bottom by a floor insulating body 21, which is arranged on the second water space region 9, which is designed as a casting, in such a way that it protrudes beyond the casting branch points 22 between the inner wall 10 and the lower end wall of the region 9, which is heat engineering for this cast construction is an advantage.
  • the upper end wall of the boiler 1 is formed by a cover 23, which has insulation toward the inside of the boiler and extends over the entire end face of the boiler. The cover 23 can be opened or removed in a manner not shown, so that cleaning of the combustion chamber and the flue gas duct sections is made possible by the corresponding opening.
  • the tubular combustion chamber insert 7 for the hot zone 6 of the combustion chamber 3 is provided in its upper region with a radially projecting bead with which it is held in contact with corresponding projections of the first water chamber region 11 designed as a casting.
  • the tubular insert 7 can thus be easily removed when the cover 23 is lifted off.
  • the two water space areas 9 and 11 are connected to one another by means of a multi-part transition area 14, specifically in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 6 and 9 and 10 each via an inflow duct 26 and an outflow duct 27, which are designed here as connecting pieces are, each of which engages in a correspondingly shaped passage opening in the opposite wall sections of the two water space areas.
  • the water introduced into the second water space region 9 via a water inlet 24 thus passes into the first water space region 11 and from there passes again via a water outlet 25 to the outside of the boiler.
  • the flame formation takes place in the first zone 5 of the combustion chamber 3 as seen from the burner 2 and releases great heat.
  • This zone 5 By delimiting this zone 5 by means of the water-cooled inner surface of the first water area 11, heat is dissipated, as a result of which the formation of NO x is hindered.
  • the flame enters zone 6 of the combustion chamber 3 and heats the combustion chamber insert 7 accordingly, which is why the flame burns out well in zone 6, as a result of which the formation of pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot is substantially reduced.
  • the flue gas passes through sections 16 and 17 of the flue gas channel and the multi-part flue gas intermediate space connecting them, whereby in the first section a large part of the heat of the flue gas passes through the inner wall 10, which is provided with ribs 28, to the water in the water area 9 is released.
  • a temperature prevails due to radiant heat from the upper area of zone 6, which hinders the accumulation of condensate.
  • the flue gas is cooled via the flow path along the outer wall 13 of the first water chamber area 11 and thus leaves the boiler via the flue gas collecting chamber 19 and the outlet 20 with only a small amount of heat.
  • the first water chamber region 11 has the task of cooling the zone 5 and the exhaust gas in the section 17 of the flue gas duct. In this way, a compact construction is achieved with a good burnout of the flame.
  • the second water space region 9 and the first water space region 11 are connected to one another via connecting elements or bushings 26 and 27 which lie radially outside the boiler jacket wall 30, 31 and outside the flue gas duct.
  • sections 32 and 33 are formed on regions 9 and 11, which protrude outwards, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the multi-part transition area or the connecting elements between the two water spaces 9 and 11 are thus protected against a possible accumulation of condensate.
  • An upper part 31 of the boiler jacket wall is designed as a separate part, in particular gray cast iron part, as can be seen in FIG. 1, wherein ribs 29 are provided on the outer wall of the first water chamber area 11, which enlarge the heat transfer surface and are directed towards the section 31 of the boiler jacket wall .
  • the two water areas 9 and 11 are braced in their multi-part transition area 14 or the area of the connecting parts 26 and 27 with the aid of screw connections which are guided through flanges 34 on the sections 32 and 33.
  • the multi-part transition region is 14 or are the connecting elements or leadthroughs gene 27 and 26 arranged within the boiler jacket wall 30, 31.
  • the two water areas are braced against each other in a manner similar to that of the last described embodiment.
  • the first water space area 11 of the water space 8 is made in one piece with an upper partial area 31 of the boiler jacket wall 30, so that the number of castings is reduced.
  • the connection between the second water area 9 and the first water area 11 is made in the same way as in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the second section 17 of the flue gas duct 15 is not designed as a hollow cylindrical space, but rather through a multiplicity of through cavities 35 which are evenly distributed over the circumference of the second water space region and are arranged in parallel such that they space the first water space region 11 reach through the inner wall 12.
  • the upper partial area 31 of the boiler jacket wall 30 is simultaneously the outer jacket wall of the first water space area 11 and is formed in one piece with the other walls of this area 11.
  • the passage cavities 35 are thus an integral part of the casting forming the first water area.
  • the individual through cavities 35 are elongated through the region 11 in the circumferential direction.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 differs from the examples described above primarily in that the water space 8 is designed as a one-piece casting, the walls of the second water space area 9, the first water space area 11 and the multi-part transition area 14 accordingly form one coherent unit.
  • FIG. 8 shows that a total of four transitions between the water space areas are provided in this example.
  • the upper portion 31 of the boiler jacket wall 30 is in turn formed as a separate part.
  • In the lower end wall area of the water space 8 there is an opening, which may be necessary for casting reasons.
  • the boiler is not completely round in cross-section, but is widened at two diametrically opposed locations in order to produce the connection between the lower boiler jacket wall 30 and its partial region 31.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 9 and 10 differs from that according to FIGS. 5 and 6 only in that the through cavities 35 are not elongated in the circumferential direction through the interior of the first water space region 1, but are formed with a circular cylindrical cross section.
  • the cross section according to FIG. 10 shows - a correspondingly higher number of flue gas flues 35 can be provided.
  • Measures to enlarge the heat transfer area can also be provided on the inner wall 12 of the first water space region 11, projecting into the zone 5, in principle also within the lead-through cavities 35 of the first water space region 11.

Abstract

An oil-fired or gas-fired boiler (1) with a combustion chamber (3) which on its end side lying opposite the burner (2) opens freely into a deflection chamber (4), with a single-flue or multi-flue smoke gas duct (15) which is conducted, starting from the deflection chamber (4), on the outside of the combustion chamber (3) into a smoke gas collecting chamber (19) designed in the burner-side boiler end region, and with a water chamber (8) which surrounds the combustion chamber and is heated by the smoke gases in the smoke gas duct, is, in order to achieve good combustion with low discharge of harmful substances, such as nitric oxides, carbon monoxides, hydrocarbons and soot, designed in such a manner that the combustion chamber has a first, cooled zone (11) adjoining the burner and a second, hot zone (9) which follows seen in the flame spread direction, that the water chamber has a first region, seen in the flame spread direction, the inner wall (12) of which directly delimits the flame formation zone, and a second region, the inner wall (10) of which surrounds with a separation a wall of a combustion chamber insert, which wall delimits the flame spread zone, and a multi-part transition region (14) which connects the first water chamber region (11) to the second water chamber region (9), and that the smoke gas duct has in the direction of flow of the smoke gases a first section (16) which extends inside the separation between the inner wall (10) of the second water chamber region (9) and of the combustion chamber insert (7) of the flame burning-out zone, and a second section (17) which runs, with a separation from the inner wall (12) of the first water chamber region (11), through the latter or along its outer wall, and a multi-part smoke gas intermediate space (18) which connects the first smoke gas section (16) to the second smoke gas section (17).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen öl- oder gasbefeuerten Heizkessel mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to an oil or gas-fired boiler with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einem bekannten Heizkessel dieser Art - DE-U-8 536 716 8 - werden die Rauchgase durch einen hohlzylindrischen Kanal zwischen dem Feuerraum und dem Wasserraum hindurchgeführt. Um niedrige Abgasverluste zu erzielen, d.h. die Rauchgase entsprechend gut abzukühlen, ergeben sich lange Wege, große Durchmesser und damit ein entsprechend voluminöser Aufbau. Der Feuerraum weist in Flammenausbreitungsrichtung axial hintereinander eine erste Zone - Flammenbildungszone - und eine zweite Zone - Flammenausbrandzone - auf. Während die zweite Zone aufgrund ihrer Trennung von dem Wassermantel durch den dazwischen angeordneten Rauchgaskanal hohe Temperaturen und damit grundsätzlich gute Ausbrandbedingungen zur Vermeidung von Abgasschadstoffen wie Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlenwasserstoff und Ruß, ermöglicht, herrschen in der ersten Zone durch den sie umgebenden Rauchgaskanal bzw. eine zusätzliche Isolierung hohe Temperaturen, die eine große Stickoxidbildung verursachen.In a known boiler of this type - DE-U-8 536 716 8 - the flue gases are passed through a hollow cylindrical channel between the combustion chamber and the water chamber. To achieve low exhaust gas losses, i.e. Cooling the flue gases well results in long distances, large diameters and thus a correspondingly voluminous structure. The combustion chamber has a first zone - flame formation zone - and a second zone - flame burnout zone - axially one behind the other in the flame propagation direction. While the second zone, due to its separation from the water jacket through the flue gas duct arranged in between, enables high temperatures and thus generally good burnout conditions to avoid exhaust gas pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and soot, the first zone is dominated by the flue gas duct surrounding it or additional insulation high temperatures, which cause a large formation of nitrogen oxide.

Es wurde weiterhin vorgeschlagen - DE-A-3 030 230 -, eine in Flammenausbreitungsrichtung erste Zone des Feuerraumes durch wärmebedingte Ausdehnung des Feuerraummantels und Anlage an die umgebende Innenfläche des Wassermantels nach schneller Aufheizung auf eine bestimmte Temperatur zu begrenzen, um einen rußmindemden Ausbrand in der anschließenden zweiten Zone zu erreichen, die durch den unmittelbar diese Zone begrenzenden Wassermantel gekühlt wird. Der Rauchgaskanal besteht dabei aus einer Vielzahl dem gesamten Wassermantel durchgreifender Rohre.It has also been proposed - DE-A-3 030 230 - to limit a first zone of the combustion chamber in the direction of flame propagation due to the heat-related expansion of the fire chamber jacket and attachment to the surrounding inner surface of the water jacket after rapid heating to a certain temperature in order to reduce soot-burning in the to reach the subsequent second zone, which is cooled by the water jacket directly delimiting this zone. The flue gas duct consists of a large number of pipes that penetrate the entire water jacket.

Mit der Erfindung soll ein Heizkessel der eingangs genannten Art zur Verfügung gestellt werden, der bei gedrängter Baugröße, einfache Herstellung und Wartung mit kleinen Abgasverlusten arbeitet und eine gute Verbrennung unter geringem Ausstoß an Schadstoffen, wie Stickoxide, Kohlenmonoxide, Kohlenwasserstoffe und Ruß, ermöglicht.With the invention, a boiler of the type mentioned is to be made available, which works in a compact size, simple manufacture and maintenance with small exhaust gas losses and enables good combustion with low emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides, hydrocarbons and soot.

Ausgehend von einem Heizkessel mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1 wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch dessen kennzeichnende Merkmale gelöst.Starting from a boiler with the features of the preamble of claim 1, this object is achieved according to the invention by its characterizing features.

Der erfindungsgemäße Heizkessel ist vom Grundgedanken her so aufgebaut, daß sich zwei verschiedene Zonen ergeben, derart, daß der Feuerraum eine erste an den Brenner anschließende gekühlte Zone aufweist, in der sich die Flamme bildet, und in Flammenausbreitungsrichtung gesehen eine zweite, heiße Zone folgt, in der die Flamme ausbrennt, daß der Wasserraum einen ersten Bereich aufweist, dessen Innenwandung die gekühlte Zone seitlich unmittelbar begrenzt, einen zweiten Bereich, dessen Innenwandung eine die heiße Zone begrenzende Wandung eines Feuerraumeinsatzes mit Abstand umgibt sowie einen mehrteiligen Wasser- Übergangsbereich, der den ersten mit dem zweiten Wasserraumbereich verbindet, und daß der Rauchgaskanal in Strömungsrichtung der Rauchgase gesehen einen ersten Kanalabschnitt aufweist, der sich innerhalb des Abstandes zwischen der Innenwandung des zweiten Wasserraumbereiches und der Begrenzungswandung des Feuerraumeinsatzes der heißen Zone erstreckt, sowie einen zweiten Kanalabschnitt, der mit Abstand von der Innenwandung des ersten Wasserraumbereiches durch diesen oder an dessen Außenwandung entlangverläuft, und einen mehrteiligen Rauchgaszwischenraum, der den ersten Rauchgasabschnitt mit dem zweiten Rauchgasabschnitt verbindet.The boiler according to the invention is constructed in such a way that there are two different zones, such that the combustion chamber has a first cooled zone adjoining the burner, in which the flame forms, and a second, hot zone follows in the flame propagation direction, in which the flame burns out, that the water space has a first area, the inner wall of which directly delimits the cooled zone on the side, a second area, the inner wall of which surrounds the wall of a combustion chamber insert delimiting the hot zone at a distance, and a multi-part water transition area which defines the first connects to the second water chamber area, and that the flue gas duct, viewed in the flow direction of the flue gases, has a first duct section which extends within the distance between the inner wall of the second water chamber region and the boundary wall of the combustion chamber insert of the hot zone, and a two th channel section, which runs at a distance from the inner wall of the first water space region through this or along the outer wall thereof, and a multi-part flue gas intermediate space which connects the first flue gas section to the second flue gas section.

Durch die Unterteilung des Feuerraumes in eine erste, gekühlte Zone, in der sich die Flamme bildet, und in eine zweite, nicht direkt gekühlte Zone, in der der Flammenausbrand erfolgt, trägt man der Tatsache Rechnung, daß umso weniger Stickoxide (NOx) entstehen, je niedriger die Feuerraumtemperatur - insbesondere in der Umgebung der Flammenbildungszone - ist. Andererseits führt ein heißer Feuerraumeinsatz zu einer nahezu vollständigen Verbrennung, derart, daß Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlenwasserstoff und Ruß praktisch nicht entstehn können. Durch Kühlung des ansonsten besonders heißen Feuerraumes erreicht man eine beträchtliche Herabsetzung der NOx-Bildung, während die Entstehung anderer Schadstoffe dadurch verhindert wird, daß sich an die gekühlte Zone eine heiße Zone für den Flammenausbrand anschließt, die eine gute Verbrennung gewährleistet. In dieser zweiten Zone ist andererseits die Hitze nicht mehr so hoch, daß die Bildung von Stickoxid begünstig wird. Dabei kann man die Feuerraumausbildung derart gestalten, daß die Flamme nicht gegen Metallteile, insbesondere nicht gegen Gußteile, prallt, sondern ausbrennt.By dividing the combustion chamber into a first, cooled zone, in which the flame forms, and a second, not directly cooled zone, in which the flame burns out, one takes into account the fact that the less nitrogen oxides (NOx) are generated, the lower the furnace temperature - especially in the vicinity of the flame formation zone. On the other hand, a hot use of the combustion chamber leads to an almost complete combustion, in such a way that carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and soot can practically not arise. By cooling the otherwise particularly hot combustion chamber, a considerable reduction in the formation of NOx is achieved, while the formation of other pollutants is prevented by the fact that the cooled zone is followed by a hot zone for the flame burnout, which ensures good combustion. In this second zone, on the other hand, the heat is no longer so high that the formation of nitrogen oxide is favored. The combustion chamber design can be designed in such a way that the flame does not strike metal parts, especially not cast parts, but burns out.

Der Wasserraum weist zwei Bereiche auf, deren erster unmittelbar die Zone des Feuerraums, in der sich die Flamme bildet, begrenzt und dieser Zone somit Wärme entzieht, während deren zweiter Bereich die zweite, dem Flammenaus- brand dienende Zone mit Abstand und unter Zwischenanordnung eines Feuerraumeinsatzes, der nicht direkt vom Wasserraum gekühlt wird, umgibt.The water chamber has two areas, the first of which directly delimits the zone of the combustion chamber in which the flame is formed and thus removes heat from this zone, while the second region of the second zone, which serves to ignite the flame, is spaced apart and with the use of a fireplace insert that is not directly cooled by the water space.

Der Rauchgaskanal ist derart unterteilt, daß er in Richtung der Rauchgasströmung gesehen mit einem ersten Abschnitt zwischen dem die zweite Zone des Feuerraumes begrenzenden Feuerraumeinsatz und der Innenwandung des zweiten Wasserraumbereiches verläuft, während ein zweiter Abschnitt dem ersten Wasserraumbereich derart zugeordnet ist, daß die Rauchgase von der Innenwandung dieses zweiten Wasserraumbereiches mit Abstand geführt werden, sei es durch das Innere des Wasserraumbereiches gehend angeordnete Durchführungen, sei es entlang der radialen Außenseite dieses Wasserraumbereiches. Ziel ist es dabei, innerhalb dieses zweiten Abschnittes des Rauchgaskanales das zum Rauchgas-Sammelraum hin strömende Rauchgas möglichst weit abzukühlen, um Abgasverluste klein zu halten.The flue gas duct is subdivided in such a way that, viewed in the direction of the flue gas flow, it runs with a first section between the combustion chamber insert delimiting the second zone of the combustion chamber and the inner wall of the second water chamber area, while a second section is assigned to the first water chamber area in such a way that the flue gases emanate from the The inner wall of this second water space area can be guided at a distance, be it bushings arranged to pass through the interior of the water space area or be it along the radial outside of this water space area. The aim here is to cool the flue gas flowing towards the flue gas collecting space as far as possible within this second section of the flue gas duct in order to keep exhaust gas losses small.

Demgegenüber wird der zweite Wasserraumbereich, der die zweite Zone umgibt, an seiner Innenmantelfläche zum einen durch die Rauchgase im ersten Abschnitt des Rauchgaskanales und zum anderen durch Wärmestrahlung aufgeheizt, die von der Wandung des Feuerraumeinsatzes der zweiten, heißen Zone ausgeht.In contrast, the second water area, which surrounds the second zone, on the one hand, on its inner surface by the flue gases in it Most section of the flue gas channel and secondly heated by heat radiation, which emanates from the wall of the combustion chamber insert in the second, hot zone.

Der erste Wasserraumbereich dient zur Kühlung der ersten Zone und bildet zugleich einen Isolator für den Übertritt von Wärme aus dieser ersten Zone des Feuerraumes zu dem zweiten Abschnitt des Rauchgaskanales, so daß das Rauchgas kurz vor dem an den Schornstein anzuschließenden Rauchgas-Sammelraum nicht mehr entsprechend aufgeheizt wird. Die Isolierung des Außenmantels des Kessels ist dem geringen Temperaturniveau angepaßt.The first water area serves to cool the first zone and at the same time forms an insulator for the transfer of heat from this first zone of the combustion chamber to the second section of the flue gas duct, so that the flue gas no longer heats up appropriately shortly before the flue gas collecting space to be connected to the chimney becomes. The insulation of the outer jacket of the boiler is adapted to the low temperature level.

Zur Vermeidung von Kondensatansammlungen wird der Heizkessel bevorzugt stehend, d.h. mit etwa vertikal gerichteter Kesselachse betrieben. Im Bereich des ersten Abschnittes des Rauchgaskanales sind die Temperaturen für eine Kondensat-Abscheidung zu hoch. Kondensat, das sich im zweiten Abschnitt bilden könnte, gelangt unter Schwerkraft in den Bereich des Rauchgaszwischenraumes, der in bevorzugter Ausführung der Erfindung so angeordnet ist, daß er an dem oberen Randbereich der zweiten, heißen Zone des Feuerraumes angrenzt, so daß Strahlungswärme für eine genügend hohe Temperatur in diesem Rauchgaszwischenraum sorgt, um Kondensat-Ansammlungen zu vermeiden. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt ist die Ausbildung der Wasserraumbereiche aus Grauguß angezeigt, und zwar bevorzugt dergestalt, daß in Bereichen möglicher Kondensatbildung keine bearbeitungsbedürftigen Grauguß-Oberflächen vorhanden sind. Die Ausbildung des Wasserraumes mit seinen beiden Wasserraumbereichen und dem mehrteiligen Übergangsbereich kann ein- oder mehrteilig erfolgen. Grundsätzlich ist bei eintsprechenden Betriebsbedingungen auch eine Ausführung in Stahlblech möglich.To avoid the accumulation of condensate, the boiler is preferably standing, i.e. operated with an approximately vertically directed boiler axis. The temperatures in the area of the first section of the flue gas duct are too high for condensate separation. Condensate, which could form in the second section, reaches the area of the flue gas space under gravity, which in a preferred embodiment of the invention is arranged so that it adjoins the upper edge area of the second, hot zone of the combustion chamber, so that radiant heat is sufficient for one high temperature in this flue gas space ensures that condensate accumulations are avoided. From this point of view, the formation of the water space areas from gray cast iron is indicated, preferably in such a way that in areas of possible condensate formation there are no gray cast iron surfaces that require machining. The water space with its two water space areas and the multi-part transition area can be formed in one or more parts. Basically, a steel sheet version is also possible under appropriate operating conditions.

Zur Erhöhung des Wärmeüberganges können in den Abschnitten des Rauchkanales grundsätzlich Rippen vorgesehen sein, die übliche bekannte Formen aufweisen. Eine Besonderheit ergibt sich für den zweiten Abschnitt des Rauchgaskanales, wenn dieser an der Außenwandung des ersten Bereiches des Wasserraumes vorbeigeführt angeordnet wird. In diesem Abschnitt an der Außenwandung des ersten Wasserraumbereiches vorgesehene Rippen erstrecken sich nämlich radial nach außen und damit auseinanderstrebend, so daß die Rippen in ihrem Fußbereich in verhältnismäßig engem Abstand voneinander angeordnet werden können. Der große Außendurchmesser nebst dieser Anordnung ergibt eine besonders hohe Wärmeübergangsfläche, so daß die Strömungsstrecke für die gewünschte Abkühlung des Rauchgases in diesem zweiten Abschnitt des Rauchgaskanales entsprechend kurz gewählt werden kann.In order to increase the heat transfer, ribs can generally be provided in the sections of the smoke duct, which have the usual known shapes. A special feature arises for the second section of the flue gas duct if it is arranged to be guided past the outer wall of the first area of the water space. In this section, ribs provided on the outer wall of the first water space region extend radially outwards and thus diverge, so that the ribs can be arranged at a relatively close distance from one another in their foot region. The large outside diameter in addition to this arrangement results in a particularly high heat transfer area, so that the flow path for the desired cooling of the flue gas in this second section of the flue gas duct can be chosen to be correspondingly short.

Neben einer geschweißten Stahlausführung kommen ein- oder mehrteilige Ausbildungen des Wasserraumes aus Gußeisen in Betracht, wie dies die nachstehend geschilderten Ausführungsbeispiele erkennen lassen. Darüber hinaus ist es jedoch auch möglich, den Wasserraum aus einer Vielzahl von Gußgliedern zusammenzusetzen, derart, daß auch ein oder mehrere Wasserraumbereiche mehrteilig zusammengesetzt sind. Eine Verbindung zwischen diesen Teilen ist vom Stand der Technik her bekannt.In addition to a welded steel version, one-piece or multi-part designs of the water space from cast iron can be considered, as can be seen from the exemplary embodiments described below. In addition, however, it is also possible to assemble the water space from a multiplicity of cast members in such a way that one or more water space regions are also composed of several parts. A connection between these parts is known from the prior art.

Solche und weitere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen im Zusammenhang mit den in der Zeichnung wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispielen, auf die besonders bezug genommen wird und deren nachfolgende Beschreibung die Erfindung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figuren 1 und 2 einen Längsschnitt I-I und einen Querschnitt 11-11 der schematischen darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispieles;
  • Figuren 3 und 4 einen Längsschnitt 111-111 und einen Querschnitt IV-IV der schematischen Wiedergabe eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispieles;
  • Figuren 5 und 6 einen Längsschnitt V-V und einen Querschnitt VI-VI der schematischen Darstellung eines dritten Ausführungsbeispieles;
  • Figuren 7 und 8 einen Längsschnitt VII-VII und einen Querschnitt VIII-VIII der schematischen Wiedergabe eines vierten Ausführungsbeispieles;
  • Figuren 9 und 10 einen Längsschnitt IX-IX und einen Querschnitt X-X der schematischen Darstellung eines fünften Ausführungsbeispieles.
Such and further embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims in connection with the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing, to which particular reference is made and the following description of which explains the invention in more detail. Show it:
  • Figures 1 and 2 a longitudinal section II and a cross section 11-11 of the schematic representation of a first embodiment;
  • Figures 3 and 4 a longitudinal section 111-111 and a cross section IV-IV of the schematic representation of a second embodiment;
  • Figures 5 and 6 are a longitudinal section VV and a cross section VI-VI of the schematic representation of a third embodiment;
  • Figures 7 and 8 are a longitudinal section VII-VII and a cross section VIII-VIII of the schematic representation of a fourth embodiment;
  • Figures 9 and 10 are a longitudinal section IX-IX and a cross section XX of the schematic representation of a fifth embodiment.

Die Ausführungsbeispiele zeigen einen stehend angeordneten Heizkessel 1, an dessen oberer Stirnseite ein Brenner 2 als Sturzbrenner angeordnet ist; der Brenner ist nur in Figur 1 dargestellt und bei den übrigen Ausführungsbeispielen in gleicher Weise vorhanden. Der Heizkessel 1, der einen im wesentlichen kreisrunden Querschnitt aufweist, ist in seinem Zentrum mit einem Feuerraum 3 versehen, der sich von der Innenseite der oberen Stirnwand bis in den Bodenbereich des Kessels erstreckt und dort offen in einem Umlenkraum 4 mündet. Die in dem Feuerraum 3 durch die Verbrennung enstehenden heißen Rauchgase strömen somit abwärts, werden in dem Raum 4 umgelenkt und seitlich des Feuerraums in Gegenrichtung weitergeführt.The exemplary embodiments show a standing boiler 1, on the top end of which a burner 2 is arranged as a burner; the burner is only shown in FIG. 1 and is present in the same way in the other exemplary embodiments. The boiler 1, which has an essentially circular cross-section, is provided in its center with a combustion chamber 3, which extends from the inside of the upper end wall to the bottom region of the boiler and opens there in a deflection chamber 4. The hot flue gases resulting from the combustion in the combustion chamber 3 thus flow downward, are deflected in the chamber 4 and are carried on to the side of the combustion chamber in the opposite direction.

Der Feuerraum 3 weist eine im Anschluß an die obere stirnseitige Begrenzung des Feuerraumes 3 angeordnete erste Zone auf, in der sich die Flamme bildet und die hier daher Flammenbildungszone 5 genannt wird. An diese Zone 5 schließt sich über den Rest des Feuerraumes 3 nach unter hin gesehen eine weitere Zone an, in der die Flamme ausbrennt und daher als Flammenausbrandzone 6 bezeichnet ist. Die Flammenausbrandzone 6 wird von einer als Stahlrohr ausgebildeten Wandung eines Feuerraumeinsatzes 7 begrenzt. Der insgesamt mit 8 bezeichnet Wasserraum ist bei den Ausführungsbeispielen nach den Figuren 1 bis 6, 9 und 10 in zwei Wasserraumbereiche, nämlich einen ersten Bereich 11 und einen zweiten Bereich 9 unterteilt, die miteinander durch einen mehrteiligen Übergangsbereich 14 in Verbindung stehen. Der zweite Bereich 9 umfaßt mit seiner Innenwandung 10 unter Bildung eines hohlzylinderförmigen Raumes mit Abstand den Feuerraumeinsatz 7 der Zone 6, während der erste Bereich 11 mit seiner Innenmantelwandung 12 die Zone 5 unmittelbar begrenzt. Bei den Ausführungsbeispielen nach den Figuren 1 bis 4 sowie 7 und 8 verläuft die Außenmantelfläche 13 des ersten Wasserraumbereiches 11 mit Abstand von der Innenfläche der Kesselmantelwandung, so daß zwischen diesen ein hohlzylindrischer Raum verbleibt. Ein insgesamt mit 15 bezeichneter Rauchgaskanal erstreckt sich von der unten liegenden Umlenkkammer 4 außerhalb des Feuerraumes 3 bis in einen im oberen stirnseitigen Bereich des Kessels ausgebildeten Rauchgas-Sammelraum 19, der über einen Ausgang 20 an einen nicht weiter dargestellten Kamin angeschlossen ist. Der Rauchgaskanal 15 weist in dieser Rauchgas-Strömungsrichtung gesehen einen ersten Abschnitt 16 auf, der sich in dem hohlzylindrischen Raum zwischen dem Feuerraumeinsatz 7 und der Innenwandung 10 des zweiten Wasserraumbereiches 9 erstreckt, und pflanzt sich in einem zweiten Abschnitt 17 fort, der sich durch den hohlzylindrischen Raum zwischen der Innenfläche der Kesselmantelwandung und der Außenfläche 13 des ersten Wasserraumbereiches 11 erstreckt. Die beiden Abschnitt 16 und 17 des Rauchgaskanales 15 stehen über einen mehrteiligen Rauchgaszwischenraum 18 miteinander in Verbindung, wie dies die Zeichnung erkennen läßt.The combustion chamber 3 has a first zone arranged in connection with the upper end-side boundary of the combustion chamber 3, in which the flame forms and which is therefore called the flame formation zone 5 here. This zone 5 is followed by another zone in the rest of the combustion chamber 3, in which the flame burns out and is therefore referred to as the flame burnout zone 6. The flame burnout zone 6 is delimited by a wall of a combustion chamber insert 7 designed as a steel tube. In the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 6, 9 and 10, the water space designated overall by 8 is divided into two water space areas, namely a first area 11 and a second area 9, which are connected to one another by a multi-part transition area 14. The second area 9 with its inner wall 10 forms a hollow cylindrical space at a distance from the combustion chamber insert 7 of zone 6, while the first area 11 with its inner jacket wall 12 directly delimits zone 5. In the execution example len according to Figures 1 to 4 and 7 and 8, the outer surface 13 of the first water space 11 extends at a distance from the inner surface of the boiler shell wall, so that a hollow cylindrical space remains between them. A total of 15 designated flue gas duct extends from the lower deflection chamber 4 outside the combustion chamber 3 to a flue gas collecting space 19 formed in the upper front area of the boiler, which is connected via an outlet 20 to a chimney (not shown). The flue gas duct 15, viewed in this flue gas flow direction, has a first section 16, which extends in the hollow cylindrical space between the combustion chamber insert 7 and the inner wall 10 of the second water space region 9, and propagates in a second section 17, which extends through the hollow cylindrical space extends between the inner surface of the boiler shell wall and the outer surface 13 of the first water space region 11. The two sections 16 and 17 of the flue gas duct 15 are connected to one another via a multi-part flue gas space 18, as can be seen in the drawing.

Der Umlenkraum 4 ist nach unten hin durch einen Bodenisolierkörper 21 abgeschlossen, der an dem als Gußteil ausgebildeten zweiten Wasserraumbereich 9 derart angeordnet ist, daß er über die Gußverzweigungspunkte 22 zwischen der Innenwandung 10 und der unteren Stirnwandung des Bereiches 9 hinausragt, was für diese Gußkonstruktion wärmetechnisch von Vorteil ist. Die obere Stirnwand des Heizkessels 1 ist durch einen Deckel 23 gebildet, der zum Kesselinneren hin eine Isolierung aufweist und sich über die gesamte Kesselstirnseite hinweg erstreckt. Der Deckel 23 ist in nicht näher dargestellter Weise aufklappbar bzw. abnehmbar, so daß durch die entsprechende Öffnung eine Reinigung des Feuerraumes und der Rauchgaskanalabschnitte ermöglicht wird. Der rohrförmige Feuerraumeinsatz 7 für die heiße Zone 6 des Feuerraumes 3 ist in seinem oberen Bereich mit einem radial auskragenden Wulst versehen, mit der er an entsprechenden Vorsprüngen des als Gußteil ausgebildeten ersten Wasserraumbereiches 11 aufliegend gehalten ist. Der rohrförmige Einsatz 7 kann somit bei abgehobenem Deckel 23 leicht entfernt werden.The deflection space 4 is closed at the bottom by a floor insulating body 21, which is arranged on the second water space region 9, which is designed as a casting, in such a way that it protrudes beyond the casting branch points 22 between the inner wall 10 and the lower end wall of the region 9, which is heat engineering for this cast construction is an advantage. The upper end wall of the boiler 1 is formed by a cover 23, which has insulation toward the inside of the boiler and extends over the entire end face of the boiler. The cover 23 can be opened or removed in a manner not shown, so that cleaning of the combustion chamber and the flue gas duct sections is made possible by the corresponding opening. The tubular combustion chamber insert 7 for the hot zone 6 of the combustion chamber 3 is provided in its upper region with a radially projecting bead with which it is held in contact with corresponding projections of the first water chamber region 11 designed as a casting. The tubular insert 7 can thus be easily removed when the cover 23 is lifted off.

Die beiden Wasserraumbereiche 9 und 11 stehen mittels eines mehrteiligen Übergangsbereiches 14 miteinander in Verbindung, und zwar bei den Ausführungsbeispielen nach den Figuren 1 bis 6 sowie 9 und 10 jeweils über eine Einström-Durchführung 26 und eine Ausström-Durchführung 27, die hier als Verbindungsstücke ausgebildet sind, deren jede in eine entsprechend ausgeformte Durchgangsöffnung in den einander gegenüberliegenden Wandungsabschnitten der beiden Wasserraumbereiche eingreift. Das über einen Wassereinlaß 24 in den zweiten Wasserraumbereich 9 eingeführte Wasser tritt somit in den ersten Wasserraumbereich 11 über und gelangt von dort über einen Wasserauslaß 25 wieder nach außerhalb des Kessels.The two water space areas 9 and 11 are connected to one another by means of a multi-part transition area 14, specifically in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 6 and 9 and 10 each via an inflow duct 26 and an outflow duct 27, which are designed here as connecting pieces are, each of which engages in a correspondingly shaped passage opening in the opposite wall sections of the two water space areas. The water introduced into the second water space region 9 via a water inlet 24 thus passes into the first water space region 11 and from there passes again via a water outlet 25 to the outside of the boiler.

Die Flammenbildung findet in der vom Brenner 2 aus gesehen ersten Zone 5 des Feuerraumes 3 statt und entfaltet große Hitze. Durch die Begrenzung dieser Zone 5 mittels der wassergekühlten Innenfläche des ersten Wasserraumbereiches 11 wird Wärme abgeführt, wodurch die Bildung von NOx behindert wird. Die Flamme tritt in die Zone 6 des Feuerraumes 3 ein und heizt den Feuerraumeinsatz 7 entsprechend auf, weshalb in der Zone 6 ein guter Ausbrand der Flamme erfolgt, wodurch die Bildung von Schadstoffen wie Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlenwasserstoffen und Ruß wesentlich reduziert wird.The flame formation takes place in the first zone 5 of the combustion chamber 3 as seen from the burner 2 and releases great heat. By delimiting this zone 5 by means of the water-cooled inner surface of the first water area 11, heat is dissipated, as a result of which the formation of NO x is hindered. The flame enters zone 6 of the combustion chamber 3 and heats the combustion chamber insert 7 accordingly, which is why the flame burns out well in zone 6, as a result of which the formation of pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot is substantially reduced.

Das Rauchgas durchtritt ausgehend von dem Umlenkraum 4 nach einander die Abschnitte 16 und 17 des Rauchgaskanales sowie den diese verbindenden mehrteiligen Rauchgaszwischenraum, wobei im ersten Abschnitt ein Großteil der Wärme des Rauchgases über die Innenwandung 10, die mit Rippen 28 versehen ist, an das Wasser in dem Wasserraumbereich 9 abgegeben wird. In Bereich des Rauchgaszwischenraumes 18 herrscht durch Strahlungswärme aus dem oberen Bereich der Zone 6 eine Temperatur, die die Ansammlung von Kondensat behindert. Danach wird das Rauchgas über die Strömungsstrecke entlang der Außenwandung 13 des ersten Wasserraum bereiches 11 gekühlt und verläßt somit mit nur noch geringer Wärme den Kessel über den Rauchgassammelraum 19 und den Ausgang 20. Während der zweite Wasserraumbereich 9 ausschließlich der Aufheizung über den heiße Rauchgas und die von dem Feuerraumeinsatz 7 aufgehende Strahlungswärme dient, hat der erste Wasserraumbereich 11 die Aufgabe, die Zone 5 und das Abgas in dem Abschnitt 17 des Rauchgaskanals zu kühlen. Auf diese Weise wird eine gedrungende Bauweise bei gleichzeitig gutem Ausbrand der Flamme erreicht.Starting from the deflection chamber 4, the flue gas passes through sections 16 and 17 of the flue gas channel and the multi-part flue gas intermediate space connecting them, whereby in the first section a large part of the heat of the flue gas passes through the inner wall 10, which is provided with ribs 28, to the water in the water area 9 is released. In the area of the flue gas space 18, a temperature prevails due to radiant heat from the upper area of zone 6, which hinders the accumulation of condensate. Thereafter, the flue gas is cooled via the flow path along the outer wall 13 of the first water chamber area 11 and thus leaves the boiler via the flue gas collecting chamber 19 and the outlet 20 with only a small amount of heat. While the second water chamber region 9 exclusively heats up via the hot flue gas and Serving radiant heat from the combustion chamber insert 7, the first water chamber region 11 has the task of cooling the zone 5 and the exhaust gas in the section 17 of the flue gas duct. In this way, a compact construction is achieved with a good burnout of the flame.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 1 und 2 sind der zweite Wasserraumbereich 9 und der erste Wasserraumbereich 11 über Verbindungselemente bzw. Durchführungen 26 und 27 miteinander verbunden, die radial außerhalb der Kesselmantelwandung 30, 31 und außerhalb der Rauchgasführung liegen. Zu diesem Zwecke sind an den Bereichen 9 und 11 Abschnitte 32 und 33 ausgebildet, die nach außen ragen, wie dies die Figuren 1 und 2 erkennen lassen. Der mehrteilige Ubergangsbereich bzw. die Verbindungselemente zwischen den beiden Wasserräumen 9 und 11 befinden sich somit gegen einen möglichen Kondensatanfall geschützt.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the second water space region 9 and the first water space region 11 are connected to one another via connecting elements or bushings 26 and 27 which lie radially outside the boiler jacket wall 30, 31 and outside the flue gas duct. For this purpose, sections 32 and 33 are formed on regions 9 and 11, which protrude outwards, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2. The multi-part transition area or the connecting elements between the two water spaces 9 and 11 are thus protected against a possible accumulation of condensate.

Ein oberer Teilbereich 31 der Kesselmantelwand ist als gesondertes Teil, insbesondere Graugußteil, ausgebildet, wie dies Figur 1 erkennen läßt, wobei an der Außenwandung des ersten Wasserraumbereiches 11 Rippen 29 vorgesehen sind, die die Wärmeübergangsfläche vergrößern und auf den Teilbereich 31 der Kesselmantelwandung zu gerichtet sind.An upper part 31 of the boiler jacket wall is designed as a separate part, in particular gray cast iron part, as can be seen in FIG. 1, wherein ribs 29 are provided on the outer wall of the first water chamber area 11, which enlarge the heat transfer surface and are directed towards the section 31 of the boiler jacket wall .

Wie Figur 2 erkennen läßt, sind die beiden Wasserbereiche 9 und 11 in ihrem mehrteiligen Übergangsbereich 14 bzw. dem Bereich der Verbindungsteile 26 und 27 mit Hilfe von Verschraubungen verspannt, die durch Flansche 34 an den Abschnitten 32 und 33 geführt sind.As can be seen in FIG. 2, the two water areas 9 and 11 are braced in their multi-part transition area 14 or the area of the connecting parts 26 and 27 with the aid of screw connections which are guided through flanges 34 on the sections 32 and 33.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 3 und 4 ist der mehrteilige Übergangsbereich 14 bzw. sind die Verbindungselemente oder Durchführungen 27 und 26 innerhalb der Kesselmantelwandung 30, 31 angeordnet. Die Verspannung der beiden Wasserraumbereiche gegeneinander erfolgt in ähnlicher Weise wie bei dem zuletzt geschilderten Ausführungsbeispiel. Der erste Wasserraumbereich 11 der Wasserraumes 8 ist dagegen mit einem oberen Teilbereich 31 der Kesselmantelwandung 30 einstückig ausgeführt, so daß sich die Anzahl der Gußteile verringert.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, the multi-part transition region is 14 or are the connecting elements or leadthroughs gene 27 and 26 arranged within the boiler jacket wall 30, 31. The two water areas are braced against each other in a manner similar to that of the last described embodiment. The first water space area 11 of the water space 8, on the other hand, is made in one piece with an upper partial area 31 of the boiler jacket wall 30, so that the number of castings is reduced.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 5 und 6 ist die Verbindung zwischen dem zweiten Wasserraumbereich 9 und dem ersten Wasserraumbereich 11 in gleicher Weise wie bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 1 und 2 getroffen. Hier ist jedoch der zweite Abschnitt 17 des Rauchgaskanales 15 nicht als hohlzylindrischer Raum ausgebildet, sondern durch eine Vielzahl von Durchgangshohlräumen 35, die über den Umfang des zweiten Wasserraumbereiches hinweg gleichmäßig verteilt und parallel verlaufend so angeordnet sind, daß sie den ersten Wasserraumbereich 11 mit Abstand von dessen Innenwandung 12 durchgreifen. In diesem Falle ist der obere Teilbereich 31 der Kesselmantelwandung 30 zugleich die Außenmantelwandung des ersten Wasserraumbereiches 11 und einstückig mit den übrigen Wandungen dieses Bereiches 11 ausgebildet. Die Durchgangshohlräume 35 sind also einstückiger Teil des den ersten Wasserraumbereich bildenden Gußstückes. Wie Figur 6 erkennen läßt, sind die einzelnen Durchgangshohlräume 35 durch den Bereich 11 in Umfangsrichtung langgestreckt ausgebildet.In the embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6, the connection between the second water area 9 and the first water area 11 is made in the same way as in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2. Here, however, the second section 17 of the flue gas duct 15 is not designed as a hollow cylindrical space, but rather through a multiplicity of through cavities 35 which are evenly distributed over the circumference of the second water space region and are arranged in parallel such that they space the first water space region 11 reach through the inner wall 12. In this case, the upper partial area 31 of the boiler jacket wall 30 is simultaneously the outer jacket wall of the first water space area 11 and is formed in one piece with the other walls of this area 11. The passage cavities 35 are thus an integral part of the casting forming the first water area. As can be seen in FIG. 6, the individual through cavities 35 are elongated through the region 11 in the circumferential direction.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 7 und 8 unterscheidet sich von den vorstehend geschilderten Beispielen vor allem dadurch, daß dort der Wasserraum 8 insgesamt als einstückiges Gußteil ausgebildet ist, die Wandungen des zweiten Wasserraumbereiches 9, des ersten Wasserraumbereiches 11 und des mehrteiligen Übergangsbereiches 14 bilden demnach eine zusammenhängende Einheit. Figur 8 zeigt, daß bei diesem Beispiel insgesamt vier Übergänge zwischen den Wasserraumbereichen vorgesehen sind. Dazwischen befinden sich - mit Ausnahme von Abstützungen - die einzelnen Teilbereiche des mehrteiligen Rauchgaszwischenraumes 18, der den ersten Abschnitt 16 mit dem an der Außenwand des ersten Wasserraumbereiches 9 entlangverlaufenden zweiten Abschnitt 17 des Rauchgaskanales 15 verbinden. Der obere Teilbereich 31 der Kesselmantelwand 30 ist wiederum als gesondertes Teil ausgebildet. Im unteren Stirnwandbereich des Wasserraumes 8 befindet sich eine Öffnung, wie sie aus gießtechnischen Gründen erforderlich sein kann.The exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 differs from the examples described above primarily in that the water space 8 is designed as a one-piece casting, the walls of the second water space area 9, the first water space area 11 and the multi-part transition area 14 accordingly form one coherent unit. FIG. 8 shows that a total of four transitions between the water space areas are provided in this example. In between - with the exception of supports - are the individual sub-areas of the multi-part flue gas intermediate space 18, which connect the first section 16 to the second section 17 of the flue gas duct 15 running along the outer wall of the first water space area 9. The upper portion 31 of the boiler jacket wall 30 is in turn formed as a separate part. In the lower end wall area of the water space 8 there is an opening, which may be necessary for casting reasons.

Wie Figur 8 erkennen läßt, ist bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel der Kessel im Querschnitt nicht völlig rund, sondern zur Herstellung der Verbindung zwischen der unteren Kesselmantelwand 30 und deren Teilbereich 31 an zwei diametral gegenüberliegenden Stellen verbreitert ausgeführt.As can be seen in FIG. 8, in this exemplary embodiment the boiler is not completely round in cross-section, but is widened at two diametrically opposed locations in order to produce the connection between the lower boiler jacket wall 30 and its partial region 31.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 9 und 10 unterscheidet sich von demjenigen nach den Figuren 5 und 6 nur dadurch, daß die Durchgangshohlräume 35 durch den Innenraum des ersten Wasserraumbereiches 1 nicht in Umfangsrichtung langgestreckt, sondern mit kreiszylindrischem Querschnitt ausgebildet sind. In diesem Zusammenhang kann man - wie der Querschnitt nach Figur 10 zeigt - eine entsprechend höhere Anzahl von Rauchgaszügen 35 vorsehen.The exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 9 and 10 differs from that according to FIGS. 5 and 6 only in that the through cavities 35 are not elongated in the circumferential direction through the interior of the first water space region 1, but are formed with a circular cylindrical cross section. In this connection - as the cross section according to FIG. 10 shows - a correspondingly higher number of flue gas flues 35 can be provided.

Maßnahmen zur Vergrößerung der Wärmeübergangsfläche, wie Rippen, können auch an der Innenwandung 12 des ersten Wasserraumbereiches 11 in die Zone 5 hineinragend vorgesehen sein, grundsätzlich auch innerhalb der Durchführungshohlräume 35 des ersten Wasserraumbereiches 11.Measures to enlarge the heat transfer area, such as fins, can also be provided on the inner wall 12 of the first water space region 11, projecting into the zone 5, in principle also within the lead-through cavities 35 of the first water space region 11.

Im übrigen ist die Funktionsweise der vorgeschilderten Ausführungsbeispiele im Grundsatz übereinstimmend, dieselben Bezugszeichen sind für gleiche Teile bzw. solche vergleichbarer Funktion verwendet.For the rest, the principle of operation of the exemplary embodiments described is the same, the same reference numerals are used for the same parts or for such a comparable function.

Claims (14)

1. An oil or gas fired boiler, particularly having a vertical operating position, with a burner mounted on an end face, comprising a combustion chamber (3) which opens, on its end face opposite the burner (2), into a guide chamber (4), a single or multi duct flue gas channel (15) which extends from the guide chamber (4) and outside the combustion chamber (3) into a flue gas collecting chamber (19) formed at the end face of the boiler nearest the burner, and a water chamber (8) which surrounds the combustion chamber (3) and is heated by the flue gases in the flue gas channel (15), the combustion chamber (3) having a first, flame forming, zone (5) adjacent to the burner (2) and a second, hot, flame combustion zone (6), axially adjacent thereto in the direction of progagation of the flames and bounded by the inner wall of a combustion chamber insert (7), the outer walls of which are surrounded by the inner wall (10) of a second region (9) of the water chamber (8), viewed in the direction of flame progagation, at a spacing which forms a first section (16) of the flue gas channel (15) viewed in the direction of flow of the flue gases, characterised in that a first region (11) of the water chamber (8), viewed in the direction of flame progagation, is arranged with its inner wall (12) directly adjacent the side of the flame forming zone (5) and cools said zone and is connected to the second region (9) of the water chamber (8) by means of a water transition region (14) which is divided into several parts around its circumference, and in that the first section (16) of the flue gas channel (15) is connected, via a flue gas space (18) divided into several parts in the circumferential direction, to a second section (17) of the flue gas channel (15), viewed in the direction of flow of the flue gases, said second section extending at a spacing from the inner wall (12) of the first region 11 of the water chamber either through the latter or along the outer wall (13) thereof.
2. A boiler according to claim 1, characterised in that the transition area (14) of the water chamber (8) and the flue gas space (18) of the flue gas channel (15) are arranged at the same height with respect to the direction of flame propagation or the direction of the flow of the flue gas, and in particular are arranged alternately around the axis of the combustion chamber in the circumferential direction and are preferably formed around the initial region of the flame combustion zone (6) adjacent the flame forming zone (5).
3. A boiler according to claim 2, characterised in that the combustion chamber insert (7) of the flame combustion zone (6) is made of heat resistant steel, more particularly in the form of a circular cylindrical pipe.
4. A boiler according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the water chamber (8) is constructed as a cast iron component, more particularly a grey iron component, which integrally comprises all the regions (9, 11, 14) of the water chamber.
5. A boiler according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that at least some of the water chamber regions (9, 11) of a multi-part water chamber (8) are constructed in cast iron, more particularly grey iron.
6. A boiler according to claim 5, characterised in that the first water chamber region (11) and the second water chamber region (9) are constructed separately as integral cast iron parts and are connected to each other via connecting members which form an inlet and outlet passage (26, 27).
7. A boiler according to claim 6, characterised in that the connecting members (26, 27) are arranged inside the wall of the boiler (30, 31) in the region of the flue gas space (18).
8. A boiler according to claim 6, characterised in that the connecting members (26, 27) are arranged as outwardly curved sections (32, 33) of the water chamber and are located outside the flue gas space (18).
9. A boiler according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the first flue gas channel (16) is constructed as a hollow cylindrical space between the combustion chamber insert (7) and the inner wall (10) of the second water chamber region (9), into which space heat exchange fins 28 preferably project, said fins protruding from the inner wall (10) of the second water chamber region (9).
10. A boiler according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the second flue gas channel (17) is constructed as a hollow cylindrical space between the outer wall (13) of the first water chamber region (11) and a section (31) of the wall (30) of the boiler, into which space heat exchange fins (29) prefably project, said fins protruding from the outer wall (13) of the first water chamber region (11).
11. A boiler according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the section (31) of the boiler wall (30) located around the flame forming zone (5) is integrally formed with the first water chamber region (11).
12. A boiler according to any of claims 1 to 9 characterised in that the second flue gas channel (17) is formed as a row of parallel passages (35) arranged circumferentially around and passing through said first water chamber region (11).
13. A boiler according to any of claims 1 to 12 characterised in that the guide chamber (4) is sealed at its front face by an insulating body (21).
14. A boiler according to any of the claims 1 to 13 characterised in that the wall of the boiler carrying the burner (2) is formed as an insulating cover (23) which can be detached or pivoted away as a whole.
EP87107258A 1987-05-19 1987-05-19 Boiler Expired - Lifetime EP0292580B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8787107258T DE3766246D1 (en) 1987-05-19 1987-05-19 BOILER.
AT87107258T ATE58428T1 (en) 1987-05-19 1987-05-19 BOILER.
ES87107258T ES2019601B3 (en) 1987-05-19 1987-05-19 HEATING BOILER.
EP87107258A EP0292580B1 (en) 1987-05-19 1987-05-19 Boiler
DK271988A DK166230C (en) 1987-05-19 1988-05-18 OIL OR GAS HEATED, INSERT VERTICALLY LOCATED HEAT BOILER

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87107258A EP0292580B1 (en) 1987-05-19 1987-05-19 Boiler

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0292580A1 EP0292580A1 (en) 1988-11-30
EP0292580B1 true EP0292580B1 (en) 1990-11-14

Family

ID=8197007

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87107258A Expired - Lifetime EP0292580B1 (en) 1987-05-19 1987-05-19 Boiler

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0292580B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE58428T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3766246D1 (en)
DK (1) DK166230C (en)
ES (1) ES2019601B3 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3908296C2 (en) * 1989-03-14 1994-04-14 Pc Patentconsult Ag Zug boiler
CN113669903A (en) * 2021-09-05 2021-11-19 郑国水 High-temperature heat pump vacuum boiler heating equipment

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8536716U1 (en) * 1985-12-31 1987-04-30 Weishaupt, Siegfried, Dipl.-Ing., 7959 Schwendi, De

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE341060B (en) * 1967-06-17 1971-12-13 Belleli & C S A S
CH638883A5 (en) * 1979-08-27 1983-10-14 Eugen Josef Siegrist BOILER.
DE8032213U1 (en) * 1980-12-03 1981-04-02 Agro-Biogas GmbH Vertrieb-Anlagenbau, 2301 Osdorf BOILER

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8536716U1 (en) * 1985-12-31 1987-04-30 Weishaupt, Siegfried, Dipl.-Ing., 7959 Schwendi, De

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK271988D0 (en) 1988-05-18
DE3766246D1 (en) 1990-12-20
DK271988A (en) 1989-03-01
DK166230B (en) 1993-03-22
EP0292580A1 (en) 1988-11-30
DK166230C (en) 1993-08-16
ES2019601B3 (en) 1991-07-01
ATE58428T1 (en) 1990-11-15

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