DK166230B

DK166230B - OIL OR GAS HEATED, INSERT VERTICALLY LOCATED HEAT BOILER

Info

Publication number: DK166230B
Application number: DK271988A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Siegfried Weishaupt
Original assignee: Pc Patentconsult Ag
Priority date: 1987-05-19
Filing date: 1988-05-18
Publication date: 1993-03-22
Also published as: ATE58428T1; EP0292580B1; DK166230C; DE3766246D1; DK271988D0; DK271988A; ES2019601B3; EP0292580A1

Abstract

An oil-fired or gas-fired boiler (1) with a combustion chamber (3) which on its end side lying opposite the burner (2) opens freely into a deflection chamber (4), with a single-flue or multi-flue smoke gas duct (15) which is conducted, starting from the deflection chamber (4), on the outside of the combustion chamber (3) into a smoke gas collecting chamber (19) designed in the burner-side boiler end region, and with a water chamber (8) which surrounds the combustion chamber and is heated by the smoke gases in the smoke gas duct, is, in order to achieve good combustion with low discharge of harmful substances, such as nitric oxides, carbon monoxides, hydrocarbons and soot, designed in such a manner that the combustion chamber has a first, cooled zone (11) adjoining the burner and a second, hot zone (9) which follows seen in the flame spread direction, that the water chamber has a first region, seen in the flame spread direction, the inner wall (12) of which directly delimits the flame formation zone, and a second region, the inner wall (10) of which surrounds with a separation a wall of a combustion chamber insert, which wall delimits the flame spread zone, and a multi-part transition region (14) which connects the first water chamber region (11) to the second water chamber region (9), and that the smoke gas duct has in the direction of flow of the smoke gases a first section (16) which extends inside the separation between the inner wall (10) of the second water chamber region (9) and of the combustion chamber insert (7) of the flame burning-out zone, and a second section (17) which runs, with a separation from the inner wall (12) of the first water chamber region (11), through the latter or along its outer wall, and a multi-part smoke gas intermediate space (18) which connects the first smoke gas section (16) to the second smoke gas section (17).

Description

' i'i

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Opfindelsen angår en olie- eller gasfyret, især vertikalt stillet varmekedel af den i krav 1's indledning angivne art.The invention relates to an oil or gas fired, in particular vertically positioned heating boiler of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.

5 Fra patent skriftet DE-U-8536716.8 kendes en varmekedel af denne art, hvor røggasserne er ført gennem en hul cylindrisk kanal mellem fyrrummet og vandkammeret. For at opnå lave afgastab, d.v.s. afkøle røggasserne passende har kedlen lange passager, et stort tværsnit og dermed en 10 tilsvarende voluminøs konstruktion. Fyrrummet har i flammens udbredelsesretning aksialt efter hinanden en første zone - flammedanningszone - og en anden zone - flammeudbrændingszone -. Medens den anden zone som følge af, at den er adskilt fra vandkappen af den mellemliggende røg-15 gaskanal, principielt muliggør gode forbrændingsbetingelser til undgåelse af skadelige afgasstoffer som carbonmo-nooxid, carbonhydrider og sod, hersker der i den første zone på grund af den omkring denne liggende røggaskanal eller en særskilt isolering høje temperaturer, som medfø-20 rer dannelse af store mængder nitrogenoxider.From the patent specification DE-U-8536716.8 there is known a boiler of this kind, in which the flue gases are passed through a hollow cylindrical channel between the boiler room and the water chamber. In order to achieve low emission losses, i.e. To cool the flue gases appropriately, the boiler has long passages, a large cross section and thus a correspondingly bulky construction. In the direction of propagation of the flame, the boiler room has a first zone - flame formation zone - and a second zone - flame burn zone - axially. While the second zone, because it is separated from the water jacket by the intermediate smoke-gas duct, in principle enables good combustion conditions to avoid harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot, the first zone prevails because of the surrounding this flue gas duct or a separate insulation high temperatures which result in the formation of large amounts of nitrogen oxides.

I patentskriftet DE-A-30 30 230 er det desuden blevet foreslået at holde en bestemt temperatur i en i flammens udbredelsesretning første zone af fyrrummet ved varmebe-25 tinget udvidelse af fyrrumskappen og anlæg efter hurtig opvarmning mod vandkappens omgivende inderflade for på denne måde at opnå en sodmindskende færdigforbrænding i den tilstødende anden zone, som afkøles af vandkappen, som direkte afgrænser denne zone. Røggaskanalen består 30 derved af et antal rør, som strækker sig gennem hele vandkappen.Furthermore, in the patent DE-A-30 30 230 it has been proposed to maintain a certain temperature in a first zone of flame propagation direction of the boiler room by heat-conditional expansion of the boiler compartment and systems after rapid heating to the surrounding inner surface of the water jacket so as to obtain a soot-reducing final combustion in the adjacent second zone, which is cooled by the water jacket, which directly defines this zone. The flue gas channel thereby consists of a plurality of pipes extending throughout the water jacket.

Formålet med opfindelsen er at anvise en varmekedel af den indledningsvis nævnte art, som med en kompakt opbyg-35 ning og enkelfremstilling og pasning kan arbejde med et lille røggastab og en god forbrænding, som giver et ringe afkast af skadelige stoffer, såsom nitrogenoxid, carbon-The object of the invention is to provide a boiler of the kind mentioned above, which with a compact structure and simple fabrication and fitting can work with a small flue gas loss and a good combustion which gives a low yield of harmful substances such as nitric oxide, carbon -

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2 monoxid, carbonhydrider og sod.2 monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot.

Dette opnås, idet varmekedlen ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved det i krav l’s kendetegnende del angivne.This is achieved since the boiler according to the invention is peculiar to the characterizing part of claim 1.

• 5• 5

Varmekedlen ifølge opfindelsen er principielt opbygget således, at der dannes to forskellige zoner, idet fyrrummet har en første op til fyret sluttende afkølet zone, hvori flammen dannes, og en set i flammens udbredelses-10 retning følgende anden varmezone, hvori flammen brænder ud. Desuden har man i kammeret et første område, hvis in-dervæg direkte afgrænser den afkølede zone, og et andet område, hvis indervæg i afstand omgiver en til en fyrrumsindsats hørende væg. Endvidere har røggaskanalen set 15 i røggassernes strømningsretning et første kanalafsnit, der strækker sig i mellemrummet mellem det andet vandkam-merområdes indervæg og fyrrumsindsatsens ydervæg i den varme zone, samt et andet kanalafsnit, der i afstand fra det andet vandkammerområdes indervæg forløber gennem el-20 ler langs med dette områdes ydervæg, samt et flerdelt røggasmellemrum, som forbinder det første røggasafsnit med det andet røggasafsnit.The heating boiler according to the invention is in principle constructed so that two different zones are formed, the boiler room having a first up to the firing end-cooled zone in which the flame is formed and a second heating zone in the direction of flame in which the flame burns out. In addition, there is in the chamber a first area whose inner wall directly delimits the cooled zone, and a second area whose inner wall at a distance surrounds a wall belonging to a four-room insert. Further, the flue gas channel 15 has seen in the direction of flow of the flue gases a first duct section extending in the space between the inner wall of the second water chamber area and the outer wall of the boiler room in the hot zone, and a second duct section extending from the inner wall of the second water chamber area 20 along the outer wall of this area, as well as a plurality of flue gas spaces connecting the first flue gas section to the second flue gas section.

Ved at opdele fyrrummet i en første, afkølet zone, hvori 25 flammen dannes, og en anden, ikke direkte afkølet zone, hvori flammen brænder ud, tages der hensyn til det forhold, at der opstår mindre nitrogenoxid (NO ), desto la-By dividing the boiler room into a first, cooled zone in which the flame is formed and a second, not directly cooled zone in which the flame burns out, the fact that less nitric oxide (NO) is produced is taken into account.

XX

vere fyrrumstemperaturen - især i flammedanningzonens omgivelser - er. På den anden side fører en varm fyrrums-30 indsats til en næsten fuldstændig forbrænding, således at der praktisk taget ikke kan opstå carbonmonoxid, carbonhydrider og sod. Ved at afkøle det ellers særdeles varme fyrrum opnås en betragtelig nedsættelse af NO -dannelsen,the boiler room temperature - especially in the vicinity of the flame formation zone - is. On the other hand, a hot boiler room insert leads to almost complete combustion, so that carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot cannot be formed. By cooling the otherwise extremely hot boiler room a considerable reduction of NO formation is achieved,

XX

medens opståelsen af andre skadelige stoffer forhindres 35 ved, at den afkølede zone efterfølges af en varm zone, hvori flammen brænder ud, og som sikrer en god forbrænding. I denne anden zone er varmen på den anden side ikkewhile the formation of other harmful substances is prevented by the cooled zone being followed by a hot zone in which the flame burns out and which ensures a good combustion. In this second zone, the heat on the other hand is not

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3 mere så høje, at det fremmer en dannelse af nitrogenoxid. Samtidigt kan fyrrummet udformes således, at flammen ikke støder mod metaldele, især støbejernsdele, men i stedet brænder ud.3 more so that it promotes nitric oxide formation. At the same time, the boiler room can be designed so that the flame does not impinge on metal parts, especially cast iron parts, but instead burns out.

55

Vandkammeret har to områder, hvoraf det første direkte afgrænser den af fyrrummets zoner, hvori flammen dannes, og således trækker varmen ud af denne zone, medens det andet område i afstand omgiver den anden fyrrumszone, der 10 tjener til at lade flammen brænde ud, idet der herunder er indskudt en fyrrumsindsats, der ikke direkte er afkølet af vandkammeret.The water chamber has two areas, the first of which is directly bounded by the zones of the boiler room in which the flame is formed, and thus draws the heat out of this zone, while the second area at a distance surrounds the second boiler room zone which serves to allow the flame to burn out. below is a four-room insert that has not been directly cooled by the water chamber.

Røggaskanalen er opdelt således, at den set i retning af 15 røggasstrømmen forløber med et første afsnit mellem fyrrumsindsatsen, der afgrænser fyrrummets anden zone, og det andet vandkammerområdes indervæg, medens et andet afsnit er indrettet således i forhold til det første vand-kammerområde, at røggassen føres fra dette andet vandkam-20 merområdes indervæg i afstand enten via gennemføringer, der strækker sig gennem det indre af vandkammerområdet, eller langs dettes radiale yderside. Formålet hermed er i videst muligt omfang at afkøle den mod røggas-samlerummet strømmende røggas i dette andet afsnit af røggaskanalen 25 for at opnå et lille røggastab.The flue gas duct is divided such that, in the direction of the flue gas flow, it extends with a first section between the boiler room insert defining the second zone of the boiler room and the inner wall of the second water chamber area, while a second section is arranged so as to the first water chamber area. the flue gas is routed away from the inner wall of this second water chamber region either through passages extending through the interior of the water chamber region or along its radial outer surface. The purpose of this is, as far as possible, to cool the flue gas flowing towards the flue gas compartment in this second section of the flue gas duct 25 to obtain a small flue gas loss.

I modsætning hertil opvarmes indersiden af det andet vandkammerområde, der omgiver den anden zone, af de røggasser, der strømmer gennem denne zone, samt af varme-30 strålingen fra fyrrumsindsatsens væg i denne anden, var-mezone.In contrast, the inside of the second water chamber area surrounding the second zone is heated by the flue gases flowing through that zone, as well as by the heat radiation from the four-room insert wall in this second, heat zone.

Det første vandkammerområde tjener til at afkøle den første zone og danner samtidigt en isolering for varmeover-35 gangen fra denne første zone i fyrrummet til røggaskanalens andet afsnit, således at røggassen, kort før røggas-samlerummet, som er tilsluttet skorstenen, tilsvarendeThe first water chamber area serves to cool the first zone and at the same time forms an insulation for the heat transfer from this first zone in the boiler room to the second section of the flue gas, so that the flue gas shortly before the flue gas collection chamber connected to the chimney

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4 ikke opvarmes mere. Isoleringen af kedlens yderkappe er tilpasset dette lave temperaturniveau.4 no longer heated. The insulation of the boiler outer casing is adapted to this low temperature level.

For at undgå, at der samler sig kondens, drives varmeked-5 len fortrinsvis stående dvs. med en ca. vertikalt stillet kedelakse. I området ved røggaskanalens første afsnit er temperaturen for høj til, at der kan udskilles kondensat. Kondensat, der måtte danne sig i det andet afsnit, løber under påvirkning af tyngdekraften ned i området med røg-10 gasmellemrummet, der ved en foretrukken udførelsesform ifølge opfindelsen er indrettet således, at det grænser til det øverste randområde af fyrrummets anden varmezone, således at strålingsvarmen sørger for en tilstrækkelig høj temperatur i dette røggasmellemrum til at forhindre, 15 at der samler sig kondensat. Under hensyntagen hertil er vandkammerområdet fremstillet af gråt støbej ern og fortrinsvis udformet således, at det grå støbejern i de områder, hvor der eventuelt kunne dannes kondensat, ikke har overflader, der kræver bearbejdning. Vandkammeret kan 20 med dets to vandkammerområder og flerdelte overgangsområde være udformet i et eller flere dele. Under passende driftbetingelser er en udførelse i stålplade principielt også mulig.In order to prevent condensation from accumulating, the boiler is preferably operated upright ie. with an approx. vertically positioned boiler shaft. In the area at the first section of the flue gas the temperature is too high for condensate to be separated. Condensate which may form in the second section runs under the influence of gravity into the area of the flue gas gap, which in a preferred embodiment of the invention is arranged so that it borders the upper edge region of the second heating zone of the boiler, so that the radiant heat provides a sufficiently high temperature in this flue gas gap to prevent condensate from accumulating. Taking this into account, the water chamber area is made of gray cast and preferably formed such that the gray cast iron in the areas where condensate could possibly be formed does not have surfaces requiring machining. The water chamber 20, with its two water chamber areas and multi-part transition area, may be formed in one or more parts. Under suitable operating conditions, a steel plate design is also possible in principle.

25 Til forøgelse af varmeovergangen kan der i røggaskanalens afsnit principielt være indrettet ribber af sædvanlig kendt form. Et særtilfælde findes, når røggaskanalens andet afsnit er ført forbi ydervæggen af vandkammerets første afsnit. De ribber, som i dette afsnit er udformet på 30 det første vandkammerområdes ydervæg strækker sig nemlig radialt udefter og dermed i retning fra hinanden, således at ribberne i deres fodområde kan anbringes i forholdsvis kort afstand fra hinanden. Denne indretning giver sammen med den store yderdiameter en særdeles høj varmeover-35 gangsflade, således at strømningsstrækningen til opnåelse af den ønskede afkøling af røggassen kan vælges passende · kort i dette andet afsnit af røggaskanalen.25 In order to increase the heat transfer, in the section of the flue gas duct, ribs of the usual known form may in principle be arranged. A special case exists when the second section of the flue gas is passed past the outer wall of the first section of the water chamber. The ribs formed in this section on the outer wall of the first water chamber area extend radially outwards and thus in a direction apart, so that the ribs in their foot area can be placed at a relatively short distance from each other. This device, together with the large outer diameter, provides an extremely high heat transfer surface, so that the flow distance to obtain the desired cooling of the flue gas can be selected appropriately in this second section of the flue gas duct.

b 5b 5

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Foruden at være svejset op af stålplade kommer en fremstilling af støbejern i en eller flere dele i betragtning, således som det fremgår af de nedenfor beskrevne 5 udførelsesformer. Derudover er det imidlertid også muligt at sammensætte vandkammeret af flere støbejernskomponenter således, at også et eller flere af vandkammerområder-ne kan være sat sammen af flere dele. En forbindelse af disse dele kendes fra teknikkens standpunkt.In addition to being welded to steel plate, a cast iron manufacture in one or more parts is considered, as is apparent from the 5 embodiments described below. In addition, however, it is also possible to assemble the water chamber of several cast iron components so that one or more of the water chamber regions may also be composed of several parts. A connection of these parts is known from the prior art.

1010

Disse og andre udførelsesformer ifølge opfindelsen fremgår af under kravene i forbindelse med de på tegningen viste særligt foretrukne udførelseseksempler, samt af nedenstående beskrivelse, hvor opfindelsen forklares under 15 henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser skematisk et længdesnit gennem en første udførelsesform for varmekedlen ifølge opfindelsen efter linien I-I i fig. 2.These and other embodiments of the invention will be apparent from the claims, in particular, with reference to the particularly preferred embodiments shown in the drawing, and from the description below, wherein the invention is explained with reference to the drawing, in which: 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the heating boiler according to the invention along line I-I in fig. 2nd

20 fig. 2 et snit efter linien II-II i fig. 1, fig. 3 skematisk et længdesnit gennem en anden udførelsesform for varmekedlen ifølge opfindelsen efter linien 25 III-III i fig. 4 og fig. 4 et snit efter linien IV-IV i fig. 3, fig. 5 skematisk et længdesnit gennem en tredie udførel-30 sesform for varmekedlen ifølge opfindelsen efter linien V-V i fig. 6, fig. 6 et snit efter linien VI-VI i fig. 5, 35 fig. 7 skematisk et længdesnit gennem en fjerde udførelsesform for varmekedlen ifølge opfindelsen efter linien VII-VI1 i fig. 8,20 FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 schematically shows a longitudinal section through another embodiment of the heating boiler according to the invention along line 25 III-III in fig. 4 and FIG. 4 is a section along line IV-IV of FIG. 3, FIG. 5 schematically shows a longitudinal section through a third embodiment of the heating boiler according to the invention along the line V-V in fig. 6, FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI of FIG. 5, 35 FIG. 7 is a schematic longitudinal section through a fourth embodiment of the heating boiler according to the invention along line VII-VI1 in FIG. 8

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6 fig. 8 et snit efter linien VTII-VTII i fig. 7, fig. 9 skematisk et længdesnit gennem en femte udførel-5 sesform for varmekedlen ifølge opfindelsen efter linien IX-IX i fig. 10, og fig. 10 et snit efter linien X-X i fig. 9.6 FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line VTII-VTII of FIG. 7, FIG. 9 schematically shows a longitudinal section through a fifth embodiment of the heating boiler according to the invention along line IX-IX in FIG. 10, and FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 9th

10 Ved de viste udførelseseksempler er varmekedlen i sin helhed angivet med henvisningstallet 1. På denne varmeke-dels øvre endevæg er der anbragt et nedadbrændende fyr 2, som kun er vist i fig. 1, men som ligeledes findes ved de andre udførelsesformer. Varmekedlen 1, der i det væsent-15 lige har et cirkulært tværsnit, har i midten et fyrrum 3, der strækker sig fra indersiden af den øvre endevæg til et bundområde i kedlen og der udmunder frit i et omledningsrum 4. De varme røggasser, der som følge af forbrændingen opstår i fyrrummet 3, strømmer således nedefter, 20 og føres imod strøm videre langs fyrrummets sider.10 In the exemplary embodiments shown, the boiler is indicated in its entirety by reference numeral 1. On the upper end wall of this boiler a down-burning burner 2 is shown, which is shown only in FIG. 1, but also found in the other embodiments. The heating boiler 1, which is essentially a circular cross section, has in the middle a boiler room 3 extending from the inside of the upper end wall to a bottom area of the boiler and discharging freely into a bypass space 4. The hot flue gases which as a result of the combustion occurring in the boiler room 3, flows downwardly, 20 and is directed against current further along the sides of the boiler room.

Fyrrummet har en i tilslutning til fyrrummet 3's øvre endevægsafgrænsning indrettet første zone, hvori flammen dannes, og som derfor her kaldes flammedanningszonen 5.The boiler room has a first zone adjacent to the upper end wall boundary of the boiler room 3 in which the flame is formed, which is therefore called the flame formation zone 5.

25 Denne zone 5 fortsætter over resten af fyrrummet 3 i en nedefter forløbende yderligere zone, hvori flammen brænder ud, og som derfor betegnes som flammeudbrændingszonen 6. Denne zone 6 afgrænses af en som stålrør udformet væg i en fyrrumsindsats 7. Kedlens vandkammer, der i sin hel-30 hed er angivet med henvisningstallet 8, er ved de i fig.This zone 5 continues over the rest of the boiler room 3 into a downwardly extending additional zone in which the flame burns out, which is therefore referred to as the flame burn zone 6. This zone 6 is defined by a wall formed as a steel pipe in a boiler room insert 7. The boiler's water chamber its entirety is indicated by the reference numeral 8, is shown in FIG.

1-6, 9 og 10 viste udførelseseksempler delt op i to vand-kammerområder, nemlig et første område 11 og et andet område 9, som står i forbindelse med hinanden via et flerdelt overgangsområde 14. Det andet område 9 omslutter med 35 sin indervæg 10 under dannelse af et cylinderformet hulrum fyrrumsindsatsen 7 i zonen 6, medens det første område 11 umiddelbart afgrænser zonen 5 med sin indervæg 12Figures 1-6, 9 and 10 are divided into two water-chamber regions, namely, a first region 11 and a second region 9 which communicate with each other via a multi-part transition area 14. The second region 9 encloses with its inner wall 10 forming a cylindrical cavity four-space insert 7 in the zone 6, while the first region 11 immediately delimits the zone 5 with its inner wall 12

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7 ved de i fig. 1-4, samt 7 og 8 viste udførelsesformer forløber ydersiden af det første vandkammerområde 11's ydervæg 13 i afstand fra indersiden af kedelkappen, således at der mellem disse efterlades et cylindrisk hulrum.7 in the FIG. 1-4, as well as embodiments 7 and 8, the outer surface of the outer wall 13 of the first water chamber area 11 extends from the inside of the boiler sheath, leaving a cylindrical cavity between them.

5 En røggaskanal, der i sin helhed er angivet med henvisningstallet 15, strækker sig uden om fyrrummet 3 fra det forneden liggende omledningskammer 4 til et øvre i området ved kedlens endevæg udformet røggas-samlerum, som via en udgang 20 er tilsluttet en ikke yderligere vist skor-10 sten. Røggaskanalen 15 har set i denne røggas-strømningsretning et første afsnit 16, der strækker sig i det cylindriske hulrum mellem fyrrumsindsatsen 7 og det andet vandkammerområde 9' s indervæg 10, og som går over i et andet afsnit 17, der strækker sig gennem det cylindriske 15 hulrum mellem kedelkappens indervæg og det første vandkammerområde 11's ydervæg 13. Røggaskanalen 15's to afsnit 16 og 17 står via et flerdelt røggasmellemrum 18 i forbindelse med hinanden, således som det fremgår af tegningen.5 A flue gas duct, indicated in its entirety by reference numeral 15, extends beyond the boiler room 3 from the downwardly directed diverting chamber 4 to an upper flue gas collection chamber formed in the area at the end wall, which is connected to an outlet 20 not shown further. shoe-10 stone. In this flue gas flow direction, the flue gas 15 has seen a first section 16 extending in the cylindrical cavity between the four compartment insert 7 and the inner wall 10 of the second water chamber area 9, and extending into a second section 17 extending through the cylindrical 15 cavities between the inner wall of the boiler jacket and the outer wall of the first water chamber area 11. The two sections 16 and 17 of the flue gas duct 15 are connected to each other via a plurality of flue gas spaces 18 as shown in the drawing.

2020

Omledningsrummet 4 er forneden afsluttet af en bundisolering 21, der er anbragt således i forhold til det af støbejern udformede andet vandkammerområde 9, at isoleringen rager op over støbeforgreningspunktet 22 mellem indervæg-25 gen 10 og området 9's nedre endevæg, hvilket varmeteknisk er fordelagtigt for støbejernskonstruktionen. Varmekedlen l's øvre endevæg er dannet af et dæksel 23, der mod det indre af kedlen er forsynet med en isolering, der forløber i den samlede udstrækning af kedlens øvre endevæg.The diverting space 4 is lowered at the bottom by a bottom insulation 21, which is arranged in relation to the cast iron second water chamber area 9 so that the insulation protrudes above the mold junction point 22 between the inner wall 25 and the lower end wall area 9, which is thermally advantageous for the cast iron construction. . The upper end wall of the boiler 1 is formed by a cover 23 which is provided towards the interior of the boiler with an insulation extending to the overall extent of the upper end wall of the boiler.

30 Dækslet 23 er på ikke nærmere angivet måde opklappelig eller aftagelig, således at det er muligt at rense fyrrummet og røggaskanalafsnittene gennem den herved opståede åbning. Den rørformede fyrrumsindsats 7 i fyrrummet 3's varmezone 6 er foroven forsynet med en radial udadra-35 gende vulst, hvormed fyrrumsindsatsen kan ligge på et modsvarende fremspring på det af støbejern tildannede vandkammerområde 11. Når dækslet 23 er løftet af kan denThe cover 23 is not foldable or removable in a specific manner, so that it is possible to clean the boiler room and the flue gas sections through the opening thus created. The tubular pine compartment insert 7 in the heating zone 6 of the boiler room 3 is provided at the top with a radially outwardly extending bead, whereby the pine compartment insert may lie on a corresponding projection on the cast-iron water chamber area 11. When the cover 23 is lifted,

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8 rørformede indsats 7 således let fjernes.8 tubular insert 7 is thus easily removed.

De to vandkammerområder 9 og 11 står i indbyrdes forbindelse via et flerdelt overgangsområde 14, som ved de i 5 fig. 1-6, samt 9 og 10 viste udførelsesformer er udformet som tihv. en indstrømningsgennemføring 26 og en udstrømningsgennemføring 27, der her er udformet som forbindelsesstykker, der hver indgriber med en tilsvarende udformet gennemgangsåbning i de to vandkammerområders over for 10 hinanden liggende vægafsnit. Det vand, som tilføres det andet vandkammerområde 9 gennem et vandindløb 24 løber således op i det første vandkammerområde 11 og herfra videre gennem et vandudløb 25 ud af kedlen.The two water chamber regions 9 and 11 are interconnected via a multi-part transition area 14 which, as shown in FIG. 1-6, as well as embodiments shown in Figures 9 and 10 are designed as an inlet passage 26 and an outlet passage 27, here formed as connecting pieces, each engaging with a correspondingly designed passage opening in the opposite wall portions of the two water chamber regions. Thus, the water supplied to the second water chamber area 9 through a water inlet 24 flows up into the first water chamber area 11 and thence further through a water outlet 25 out of the boiler.

15 Flammedannelsen finder sted i den set fra fyret 2 første zone 5 i fyrrummet 3, hvor den udvikler en stor varme.15 The flame formation takes place in that seen from the first 2 zone of the lighthouse 2 in the boiler room 3, where it develops a large heat.

Som følge af, at denne zone 5 er afgrænset af det første vandkammerområde 11' s vandafkølede indervæg, føres der varme væk fra zonen, hvorved det forhindres, at der dan-20 nes NO . Flammen træder ind i fyrrummet 3's zone 6 og op-varmer fyrrumsindsatsen 7 i denne passende, hvorved der finder en god udbrænding af flammen sted i zonen 6, og dannelsen af skadelige stoffer, såsom carbonmonoxid, car-bonhydrider og sod reduceres i væsentlig grad.Because this zone 5 is bounded by the water-cooled inner wall of the first water chamber area 11, heat is removed from the zone, thereby preventing the formation of NO. The flame enters zone 6 of the boiler room 3 and heats the boiler room insert 7 in this suitably, whereby a good burnout of the flame takes place in zone 6, and the formation of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot is substantially reduced.

25 Røggassen strømmer fra omledningsrummet 4 i rækkefølge efter hinanden gennem røggaskanalens afsnit 16 og 17 samt gennem det flerdelte røggasmellemrum, der forbinder disse to afsnit, hvorved størstedelen af røggassens varme afgi-30 ves i det første afsnit til vandet i vandkammerområdet 9 via indervæggen 10, som er forsynet med ribber 28. I området ved røggasmellemrummet 18 hersker der som følge af strålingsvarme fra zonen 6' s øverste område en temperatur, der forhindrer, at der samler sig kondensat. Under 35 den videre strømning langs det første vandkammerområde 11's ydervæg 13 afkøles gassen dernæst og forlader således med et kun lille tilbageværende varmeindhold kedlen 9The flue gas flows from the diverting space 4 in succession one after the other through the flue gas sections 16 and 17 as well as through the plurality of flue gas spaces connecting these two sections, whereby most of the flue gas heat is delivered in the first section to the water in the water chamber area 9 via the inner wall 10. which is provided with ribs 28. In the region of the flue gas space 18, a temperature prevents the condensate from accumulating as a result of radiant heat from the upper region of zone 6. During the further flow along the outer wall 13 of the first water chamber area 11, the gas is then cooled, thus leaving the boiler 9 with a small residual heat content

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via røggas-samlerummet 19 og udgangen 20. Medens det andet vandkammerområde 9 udelukkende tjener til opvarmning af vandet via den varme røggas og strålingsvarmen fra fyrrumsindsatsen 7, har det første vandkammerområde 11 5 den opgave, at afkøle zonen 5 og røggassen i røggaskanalens afsnit 17. På denne måde opnås en kompakt opbygning af kedlen og samtidigt en god udbrænding af flammen.via the flue gas collection room 19 and the outlet 20. While the second water chamber area 9 serves solely to heat the water via the hot flue gas and radiant heat from the boiler room insert 7, the first water chamber area 11 5 has the task of cooling the zone 5 and the flue gas in section 17 of the flue gas duct. In this way, a compact structure of the boiler is achieved and at the same time a good burnout of the flame.

Ved den i fig. 1 og 2 viste udførelses form er det andet 10 vandkammerområde 9 og det første vandkammerområde 11 forbundet med hinanden via forbindelseselementer eller gennemføringer 26 og 27, som ligger radialt uden for kedelkappen 30, 31 og røggaskanalen. Til dette formål er der, som vist i fig. 1 og 2, udformet afsnit 32 og 33 ved om-15 råderne 9 og 11. Det flerdelte overgangsområde eller forbindelseselementerne mellem de to vandkamre 9 og 11 ligger således beskyttet med et eventuelt angreb af kondensat.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the second 10 water chamber area 9 and the first water chamber area 11 are connected to each other via connecting elements or passages 26 and 27 which are radially outside the boiler jacket 30, 31 and the flue gas channel. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 1 and 2, sections 32 and 33 are formed at areas 9 and 11. Thus, the multi-part transition area or connecting elements between the two water chambers 9 and 11 are protected by a possible attack of condensate.

20 Som vist i fig. 1, er et øvre delområde 31 af kedelkappen udformet som en særskilt del, især en støbejernsdel, hvorved der på det første vandkammerområde 11's ydervæg er udformet ribber 29, som forøger varmeovergangsfladen og er rettet mod kedelkappens delområde 31.20 As shown in FIG. 1, an upper part area 31 of the boiler sheath is formed as a separate part, in particular a cast iron part, whereby on the outer wall of the first water chamber area 11, ribs 29 are formed which increase the heat transfer surface and are directed towards the part area 31 of the boiler sheath.

2525

Som det fremgår af fig. 2, er de to vandkammerområder 9 og 11 ved deres flerdelte overgangsområde 14 eller området ved gennemføringerne 26 og 27 spændt sammen ved hjælp af skruer, som er ført gennem flanger 34 ved afsnittene 30 32 og 33.As shown in FIG. 2, the two water chamber regions 9 and 11 at their multi-part transition area 14 or the area of the passages 26 and 27 are clamped together by screws passed through flanges 34 at sections 30 32 and 33.

Ved den i fig. 3 og 4 viste udførelsesform er det flerdelte overgangsområde 14, eller forbindelseselementerne eller gennemføringerne 27 og 26 anbragt inden for kedel-35 kappen 30, 31. Den indbyrdes sammenspænding af vandkam- merområderne finder sted på tilsvarende måde som ved den netop skildrede udførelsesform. Vandkammeret 8's første 10In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and 4, the multi-part transition area 14, or the connecting elements or passages 27 and 26 are located within the boiler cap 30, 31. The mutual compression of the water chamber regions takes place in a similar manner as in the embodiment just illustrated. Water chamber 8's first 10

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vandkammerområde 11 er derimod udført ud i ét med kedel-kappen 30's øvre delområde 31, således at antallet af støbej ernsdele formindskes.water chamber region 11, on the other hand, is integral with the upper part area 31 of the boiler jacket 30, so that the number of cast iron parts is reduced.

. 5 Ved den i fig. 5 og 6 viste udførelsesform er forbindelsen mellem det andet vandkammerområde 9 og det første vandkammerområde 11 udført på samme måde som ved den i fig. 1 og 2 viste udførelsesform. Røggaskanalen 15's andet afsnit 17 er imidlertid i dette tilfælde ikke udfor-10 met som et cylindrisk hulrum, men af det antal gennemgangshulrum 35, som er regelmæssigt fordelt langs det andet vandkammerområdes omkreds, og som forløber parallelt gennem det første vandkammerområde 11 i afstand fra dettes indervæg 12. I dette tilfælde er kedelkappen 30's øv-15 re delområde 31 samtidigt ydervæg for det første vandkammerområde 11 og udformet ud i et med dette område 11's øvrige dele.. 5 In the embodiment of FIG. 5 and 6, the connection between the second water chamber area 9 and the first water chamber area 11 is made in the same way as in the one shown in FIG. 1 and 2. However, in this case, the second section 17 of the flue gas 15 is not designed as a cylindrical cavity, but of the number of passage cavities 35 which are regularly distributed along the circumference of the second water chamber area and extending parallel to the first water chamber region 11 at a distance from it. inner wall 12. In this case, the upper part area 31 of the boiler cap 30 is at the same time outer wall of the first water chamber area 11 and formed into one of the other parts of this area 11.

Gennemgangshulrummet 35 er således udformet ud i ét med 20 det støbejernsstykke, der danner det første vandkammerområde. Som vist i fig. 6, er de enkelte gennemgangshulrum 35 gennem området 11 udformet langstrakt langs omkredsen.The passage cavity 35 is thus formed integrally with the cast iron piece forming the first water chamber region. As shown in FIG. 6, the individual passage cavities 35 through the region 11 are elongated along the circumference.

Den i fig. 7 og 8 viste ud førelses form adskiller sig 25 først og fremmest fra de ovenfor beskrevne eksempler ved, at vandkammeret 8 i sidstnævnte tilfælde var udformet ud i ét af en enkelt støbejernsdel, således at væggene i det første vandkammerområde 9, det første vandkammerområde 11 og det flerdelte overgangsområde 14 danner en sammenhæn-30 gende enhed. Ved det i fig. 8 viste eksempel er der i alt indrettet fire overgange mellem vandkammerområderne. Derimellem befinder der sig - med undtagelse af afstivninger - det flerdelte røggasmellemrum 18's enkelte delområder, der forbinder det første afsnit 16 med røggaskanalen 15's 35 andet afsnit 17, som forløber langs det første vandkammerområde 9's ydervæg. Kedelkappen 30's øvre delområde 31 er også i dette tilfælde udformet som en særskilt del. IThe FIG. 7 and 8, the embodiment 25 differs primarily from the examples described above in that in the latter case the water chamber 8 was formed in one of a single cast iron part, so that the walls of the first water chamber area 9, the first water chamber area 11 and the multi-part transition area 14 forms a contiguous unit. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 shows a total of four transitions between the water chamber areas. In between there are - with the exception of stiffeners - the individual sub-areas of the plurality of flue gas spaces 18, which connect the first section 16 with the second section 17 of the flue gas channel 15, which extends along the outer wall of the first water chamber area 9. In this case, the upper part area 31 of the boiler jacket 30 is also formed as a separate part. IN

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li vandkammeret 8's nedre endevægsområde findes en åbning, som kan være nødvendig af støbetekniske grunde.In the lower end wall area of the water chamber 8 there is an opening which may be necessary for casting reasons.

Som det fremgår af fig. 8, har kedlen ved dette udførel-5 sesekseropel et tværsnit, som ikke er fuldstændigt rundt, men er gjort bredere ved to diamentralt modstående steder for at danne forbindelsen mellem kedlens nedre og øvre kappedele, hhv. 30 og 31.As shown in FIG. 8, the boiler of this embodiment has a cross-section which is not completely round, but is made wider at two diametrically opposed locations to form the connection between the boiler's lower and upper casing parts, respectively. 30 and 31.

10 Den i fig. 9 og 10 viste udførelsesform adskiller sig kun fra den i fig. 5 og 6 viste udførelsesform ved, at gennemgangshulrummene 35 gennem det indre af det første vandkammerområde 11 ikke er langstrakte i retning af dettes omkreds, men i stedet er udformet med et cirkulært 15 tværsnit. I denne forbindelse kan der - som tværsnittet i fig. 10 viser - indrettes et tilsvarende højere antal røggasgennemføringer 35.10 The embodiment of FIG. 9 and 10 differ only from that of FIG. 5 and 6, in that the passage cavities 35 through the interior of the first water chamber region 11 are not elongated in the direction thereof, but are instead formed with a circular cross section. In this connection - as the cross section of FIG. 10 shows - a correspondingly higher number of flue gases is arranged 35.

Foranstaltninger til forøgelse af varmeovergangsfladen, 20 såsom ribber, kan også i dette tilfælde være udformet på vandkammerområde t 11's inder væg 12 i zonen 5, men kan principielt også være indrettet i det første vandkammerområde 11's gennemgangshulrum 35.In this case, measures for increasing the heat transfer surface, such as ribs, may also be formed on the inner wall 12 of water chamber area t 11 in zone 5, but may in principle also be arranged in the passage cavity 35 of the first water chamber area 11.

25 I øvrigt er de ovenfor beskrevne udførelsesformers funktionsmåde principielt overensstemmende, og der er til ens dele eller sådannes sammenlignelige funktioner anvendt samme henvisningstal.25 Moreover, the operation of the above-described embodiments is in principle consistent, and the same reference numerals are used for similar parts or similar functions.

30 3530 35

Claims

An oil or gas fired, in particular vertical heating boiler, comprising a down-burning burner disposed on one end wall, a burner compartment (3) which opens freely in a diverting chamber (4) at the opposite burner (2) an end wall, a single or multi-strand flue gas duct (15) extending around the firing chamber (3) from the diverting chamber (4) up to a flue gas collecting chamber (19) formed in the boiler end wall area adjacent to the a water chamber (8) surrounding the boiler room (3) and heated by the flue gas in the flue gas duct (15), the boiler room (3) comprising a first zone adjacent to the boiler (2) - flame forming zone (5) -15 and an axial direction of flame propagation adjacent second hot zone - flame burn zone (6) - which is bounded by the inside of a four compartment insert (7), the outside of which is surrounded by the inner wall (10) in one direction of the flame propagation direction - second (9) of the water chamber 20 (8) ) areas with a distance forming one - set in the flow of the flue gases direction - first (15) of section (16) of the flue gas, characterized in that - as seen in the direction of propagation of the flame - first area (11), one of the water chamber (8) directly defines and cools the side of the flame-forming zone (5) with its inner wall (19) and via a transverse area (14) divided along the circumference (14) is connected to the second area (9) of the water chamber (8), and the first section (16) of the flue gas channel (15) via a multi-section flue gas space ( 18) is associated with a - seen in the direction of flow of the flue gases - second of the section (17) of the flue gas (15), which extends through this or along its outer wall at a distance from the inner wall (12) in the first area (11) of the water chamber (18). (13). 35

Heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition area (14) of the water chamber (8) and the flue gas space (18) of the flue duct (15) is at the same height in relation to the direction of flame propagation or the flow direction of the flue gas, and in particular along the circumference is arranged alternately about the axis of the boiler room, and preferably 5 is formed around the flame burn zone (6) facing the flame forming zone (5) facing initial section.

Heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the four compartment (7) of the flame burn zone (6) is made of a heat-resistant steel, and in particular in the form of a circular cylindrical tube.

Heating boiler according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the heating chamber (8) is formed as a part 15, which consists of cast iron, in particular gray cast iron, which encloses all water chambers (9, 11, 14) together in one. .

Heating boiler according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that at least part of the water chamber regions (9, 11) of several 20 parts water chamber (8) is integrally formed as part of the molding, in particular gray cast.

Heating boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that the first water chamber area (11) and the second water chamber area (9) are individually formed together as a single cast iron part and via a connecting piece which forms an integral and outflow feedthrough (26, 27) is interconnected. 30

Heating boiler according to claim 6, characterized in that the connection piece (26, 27) is arranged within the boiler jacket (30, 31) in a region of the flue gas space (18). 35

Heating boiler according to claim 6, characterized in that the connection piece (26, 27) is arranged outside the smoke gap (18) between outwardly vaulted water chamber sections (32, 33).

Heating boiler according to one or more of claims 1-8, characterized in that the first flue gas duct (16) is formed as a cylindrical cavity between the boiler insert (7) and the inner wall (10) of the second chamber chamber (9). preferably a plurality of heat exchange ribs (28) projecting from the inner wall (10) of the second water chamber region (9) protrude.

Heating boiler according to one or more of claims 1-9, characterized in that the second flue gas duct (17) is formed as an outer wall (13) of a first chamber chamber area 15 (11) and a section (31) of the boiler sheath (30). a cylindrical cavity, in which preferably a plurality of heat exchange ribs (29 *) projecting from the outer wall (13) of the first water chamber area (11) protrude.

Heating boiler according to one or more of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the second section (31) of the boiler cap (30), which lies in the area around the flame forming zone (5), is integrally formed with the first water chamber area. (11). 25

Heating boiler according to one or more of claims 1-9, characterized in that the second flue gas duct (17) is formed as a series of parallel passage cavities (35) distributed along the circumference of the first water chamber area (11) and is passed through this.

Heating boiler according to one or more of claims 1-12, characterized in that the diverting space (4) is terminated at the end by a bottom insulation (21). 35

Heating boiler according to one or more of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the boiling wall supporting the firing (2) is formed as an insulated, fully foldable or removable cover (23). .