EP0743666B1 - Control thermostat comprising probe with security means - Google Patents
Control thermostat comprising probe with security means Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0743666B1 EP0743666B1 EP96420174A EP96420174A EP0743666B1 EP 0743666 B1 EP0743666 B1 EP 0743666B1 EP 96420174 A EP96420174 A EP 96420174A EP 96420174 A EP96420174 A EP 96420174A EP 0743666 B1 EP0743666 B1 EP 0743666B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- probe
- thermostat
- slide
- tube
- spring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/002—Thermally-actuated switches combined with protective means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
- H01H37/46—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to expansion or contraction of a solid
- H01H37/48—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to expansion or contraction of a solid with extensible rigid rods or tubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H61/00—Electrothermal relays
- H01H61/01—Details
- H01H61/0107—Details making use of shape memory materials
- H01H2061/0115—Shape memory alloy [SMA] actuator formed by coil spring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
- H01H37/323—Thermally-sensitive members making use of shape memory materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a probe thermostat intended for example regulating the temperature of the water inside an electric water heater.
- Thermostats are thermo-sensitive action control devices cyclic intended to maintain the temperature between two values particular under normal operating conditions and in which user adjustment may be provided.
- Probe thermostats are electro-mechanical regulation systems temperature comprising on the one hand a strong metal tube coefficient of expansion (copper, brass) inside which is placed a metal rod with a low coefficient of expansion (invar) and other share an electrical contact controlling the current to be sent to the heating resistance and activated by differential expansion of the two metals constituting the probe.
- Known probe thermostats for electric water heaters operating under pressure generally include a safety device to cut off the power supply for heating of the enclosure in which the probe is placed in the event of elevation untimely temperature inside this enclosure.
- thermostats of this kind which are described for example in Patent 2,579,013 belonging to the Applicant and which more particularly include a blistering washer which deforms under the action of a determined temperature in order to actuate a slide whose movement causes the heating circuit of the the enclosure in which the thermostat probe is placed.
- This kind of thermostat transmits the heat of the water contained in the enclosure by conduction to the metal base of the latter's body where the blistering washer is housed.
- the latter must be planned to deform when the temperature, at the end of the probe, inside a water heater, reaches a critical threshold in order to cut the circuits electric.
- a washer To obtain perfect functioning, a washer must be provided blistering which deforms at a temperature much lower than that of critical threshold due to the distance between the probe tip and the base of the thermostat fixed against the enclosure.
- the improvements which are the subject of the present invention aim to allow the realization of a safety device acting at the end of the probe, therefore at the heart of the system to be regulated.
- the thermostat according to the present invention comprises nearby from the free end of the probe and between the tube and the rod a safety device consisting of a spring made of memory alloy shaped which acts by means of a spacer on a slide whose displacement causes the opening of the electric breakers during an untimely rise in temperature inside the enclosure in which said probe is immersed.
- Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the device security according to the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a section showing a probe thermostat provided with the safety device in operating position.
- Fig. 3 is a section similar to that of FIG. 2, but illustrating electrical breakers open due to expansion of the device safety during an untimely increase in temperature.
- a probe thermostat 1 comprising a base 2 made of plastic and which carries on the one hand the mechanism for controlling the supply circuit of a heating system and on the other hand a metal probe 3.
- the probe 3 comprises a tube 3 a with a high coefficient of expansion which is subject to a metal bowl 3 b comprising two diametrically opposite tabs 3 c and 3 d which are housed respectively in slots 2 a and 2 b formed in the base 2 .
- the leg 3 c has a vertical extension 3 e , the base of which is adjacent to two wings 3 f and 3 g oriented in the same direction as the extension 3 e .
- the wings 3 f and 3 g are flattened inside the slot 2 a so as to axially retain the bowl 3 b relative to the base 2.
- the lug 3 d comprises two parallel pins 3 h and 3 i separated by a central groove 3 i to allow the folding of said lugs inside the slot 2 b to constitute the second fixing of the bowl 3 b relative to at base 2.
- a metal rod 4 with a low coefficient of expansion one end of which is crimped to the tube 3 a , while the other end cooperates with an adjustment member 5.
- the extension 3 e of the tab 3 c protrudes above the base 2 to serve as a hinge at one of the ends of an insulating amplifier lever 6 has an electrical contact 6 which is actuated by the rod 4 during temperature variations prevailing inside the enclosure in which the probe 3 is placed.
- the latter comprises at its free end and between the tube 3 and the rod 4 has a safety device 7.
- the device consists of a spring 7 is made of a shape memory alloy which is traversed by the rod 4.
- the spring 7 a comes to bear on a washer 7 b itself crossed by the rod 4 and which is arranged near the crimping of the tube 3 a with the rod 4. It can be provided as a variant that the spring 7 has come to bear directly against the conical part 3 k of the tube 3 a without this intervening in the proper functioning of the safety device 7.
- a cylindrical spacer 7 c is introduced into the remaining part of the probe 3 between the tube 3 a and the metal rod 4.
- the spacer 7 c is of a length slightly greater than that of the tube 3 a to come out into the space delimited by the bowl 3 b .
- the spacer 7 c bears against the spring 7 a and remains free in its vertical movements inside the probe 3.
- a slide 8 made of insulating material such as plastic, crossed by the rod 4 and which can move back and forth vertically inside a suitable opening 2 c formed in the base 2.
- the slide 8 has a central part 8 a which is extended by two wings 8 b , 8 c diametrically opposite and integral each with a stop 8 d , 8 e extending vertically and parallel to the movement axis of the slide 8.
- One of the wings and more particularly that referenced 8 c comprises near the stop 8 e a reset finger 8 f which is directed towards the outside of the housing 9 shown in phantom (fig. 2 and 3).
- each safety switch 10 and 11 is mounted on the phases of supply of electric current to the resistance of a water heater or the like, not shown.
- the ends of the elastic blades 10 a and 11 a carry a movable contact 10 b and 11 b suitable for cooperating with a fixed contact 10 c and 11 c secured to the connection terminals 12, only one of which is shown in FIG. 2 and 3.
- thermostat 1 results from the foregoing explanations, It is understood that the contact 6 is controlled by the amplifier lever 6 a as a function of the relative expansion of the tube 3 a relative to the rod 4. The adjustment of the thermostat 1 is carried out by button 5.
- the reset finger 8 f can be omitted to avoid using thermostats having undergone an untimely rise in temperature.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
- Control Of Temperature (AREA)
Description
La présente invention a trait à un thermostat à sonde destiné par exemple à la régulation de la température de l'eau contenue à l'intérieur d'un chauffe-eau électrique.The present invention relates to a probe thermostat intended for example regulating the temperature of the water inside an electric water heater.
Les thermostats sont des dispositifs de commande thermo-sensibles à action cyclique destinés à maintenir la température entre deux valeurs particulières dans des conditions de fonctionnement normal et dans lequel un réglage par l'utilisateur peut être prévu.Thermostats are thermo-sensitive action control devices cyclic intended to maintain the temperature between two values particular under normal operating conditions and in which user adjustment may be provided.
Les thermostats à sonde sont des systèmes électro-mécaniques de régulation de la température comprenant d'une part un tube métallique à fort coefficient de dilatation (cuivre, laiton) à l'intérieur duquel est placée une tige de métal à faible coefficient de dilation (invar) et d'autre part un contact électrique commandant le courant à envoyer dans la résistance de chauffage et actionné grâce à la dilatation différentielle des deux métaux constituant la sonde.Probe thermostats are electro-mechanical regulation systems temperature comprising on the one hand a strong metal tube coefficient of expansion (copper, brass) inside which is placed a metal rod with a low coefficient of expansion (invar) and other share an electrical contact controlling the current to be sent to the heating resistance and activated by differential expansion of the two metals constituting the probe.
Les thermostats à sonde connus destinés aux chauffe-eau électriques fonctionnant sous pression comportent généralement un dispositif de sécurité permettant de couper l'alimentation électrique destinée au chauffage de l'enceinte dans laquelle est disposée la sonde en cas d'élévation intempestive de la température à l'intérieur de cette enceinte.Known probe thermostats for electric water heaters operating under pressure generally include a safety device to cut off the power supply for heating of the enclosure in which the probe is placed in the event of elevation untimely temperature inside this enclosure.
On connaít des thermostats de ce genre qui sont décrits par exemple dans le brevet d'invention 2 579 013 appartenant à la Demanderesse et qui comprennent plus particulièrement une rondelle cloquante qui se déforme sous l'action d'une température déterminée en vue d'actionner un coulisseau dont le déplacement provoque la coupure du circuit de chauffage de l'enceinte dans laquelle est disposée la sonde du thermostat.We know thermostats of this kind which are described for example in Patent 2,579,013 belonging to the Applicant and which more particularly include a blistering washer which deforms under the action of a determined temperature in order to actuate a slide whose movement causes the heating circuit of the the enclosure in which the thermostat probe is placed.
Ce genre de thermostat transmet la chaleur de l'eau contenue dans l'enceinte par conduction à l'embase métallique du corps de ce dernier où est logée la rondelle cloquante. Cette dernière doit être prévue pour se déformer lorsque la température, en bout de sonde, à l'intérieur d'un chauffe-eau, atteint un seuil critique en vue de couper les circuits électriques.This kind of thermostat transmits the heat of the water contained in the enclosure by conduction to the metal base of the latter's body where the blistering washer is housed. The latter must be planned to deform when the temperature, at the end of the probe, inside a water heater, reaches a critical threshold in order to cut the circuits electric.
Pour obtenir un parfait fonctionnement, il faut prévoir une rondelle cloquante qui se déforme à une température bien inférieure à celle du seuil critique du fait de la distance séparant le bout de sonde et l'embase du thermostat fixée contre l'enceinte.To obtain perfect functioning, a washer must be provided blistering which deforms at a temperature much lower than that of critical threshold due to the distance between the probe tip and the base of the thermostat fixed against the enclosure.
Les perfectionnements qui font l'objet de la présente invention visent à permettre la réalisation d'un dispositif de sécurité agissant en bout de la sonde, donc au coeur du système à réguler.The improvements which are the subject of the present invention aim to allow the realization of a safety device acting at the end of the probe, therefore at the heart of the system to be regulated.
A cet effet, le thermostat suivant la présente invention comporte à proximité de l'extrémité libre de la sonde et entre le tube et la tige un dispositif de sécurité constitué d'un ressort réalisé en alliage à mémoire de forme qui agit par l'intermédiaire d'une entretoise sur un coulisseau dont le déplacement provoque l'ouverture des rupteurs électrique lors d'une élévation intempestive de la température à l'intérieur de l'enceinte dans laquelle est plongée ladite sonde.To this end, the thermostat according to the present invention comprises nearby from the free end of the probe and between the tube and the rod a safety device consisting of a spring made of memory alloy shaped which acts by means of a spacer on a slide whose displacement causes the opening of the electric breakers during an untimely rise in temperature inside the enclosure in which said probe is immersed.
Le dessin annexé, donné à titre d'exemple, permettra de mieux comprendre l'invention, les caractéristiques qu'elle présente et les avantages qu'elle est susceptible de procurer :The attached drawing, given as an example, will allow a better understanding the invention, the features it presents and the advantages that it is likely to provide:
Fig. 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée illustrant le dispositif de sécurité suivant la présente invention.Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the device security according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 est une coupe représentant un thermostat à sonde muni du dispositif de sécurité en position de fonctionnement.Fig. 2 is a section showing a probe thermostat provided with the safety device in operating position.
Fig. 3 est une coupe semblable à celle de fig. 2, mais illustrant les rupteurs électriques ouverts du fait de la dilatation du dispositif de sécurité lors d'une augmentation intempestive de la température.Fig. 3 is a section similar to that of FIG. 2, but illustrating electrical breakers open due to expansion of the device safety during an untimely increase in temperature.
On a réprésenté en fig. 1 à 3 un thermostat à sonde 1 comportant un
socle 2 réalisé en matière plastique et qui porte d'une part le mécanisme
de commande du circuit d'alimentation d'un système de chauffage et
d'autre part une sonde métallique 3.We have represented in fig. 1 to 3 a
La sonde 3 comporte un tube 3a à fort coefficient de dilatation qui est
assujetti à une cuvette métallique 3b comprenant deux pattes diametralement
opposées 3c et 3d qui viennent se loger respectivement dans des
fentes 2a et 2b ménagées dans le socle 2. The
La patte 3c comporte un prolongement vertical 3e dont la base est adjacente
à deux ailes 3f et 3g orientées dans le même sens que le prolongement
3e. Les ailes 3f et 3g sont aplaties à l'intérieur de la fente 2a
de manière à retenir axialement la cuvette 3b par rapport au socle 2.The
De même, la patte 3d comprend deux ergots parallèles 3h et 3i séparés
par une saignée centrale 3i pour permettre le rabattement desdits ergots
à l'intérieur de la fente 2b pour constituer la deuxième fixation de la
cuvette 3b par rapport au socle 2.Similarly, the
A l'intérieur du tube 3a est placée une tige de métal 4 à faible coefficient
de dilatation dont l'une des extrémités est sertie au tube 3a,
tandis que l'autre extrémité coopère avec un organe de réglage 5. On
observe également que le prolongement 3e de la patte 3c dépasse au-dessus
du socle 2 pour servir d'articulation à l'une des extrémités d'un
levier amplificateur isolant 6a d'un contact électrique 6 qui est actioné
par la tige 4 lors des variations de températures régnant à l'intérieur
de l'enceinte dans laquelle est disposée la sonde 3.Inside the tube 3 a is placed a
Cette dernière comporte à son extrémité libre et entre le tube 3a et la
tige 4 un dispositif de sécurité 7. Le dispositif est constitué d'un
ressort 7a réalisé dans un alliage à mémoire de forme qui est traversé
par la tige 4. Le ressort 7a vient prendre appui sur une rondelle 7b
elle-même traversée par la tige 4 et qui est disposée à proximité du
sertissage du tube 3a avec la tige 4. Il peut être prévu en variante que
le ressort 7a vienne prendre appui directement contre la partie conique
3k du tube 3a sans que cela intervienne dans le bon fonctionnement du
dispositif de sécurité 7.The latter comprises at its free end and between the
Une entretoise cylindrique 7c est introduite dans la partie restante de
la sonde 3 entre le tube 3a et la tige métallique 4. L'entretoise 7c est
d'une longueur légèrement supérieure à celle du tube 3a pour venir déboucher
dans l'espace délimité par la cuvette 3b. L'entretoise 7c est en
appui contre le ressort 7a et reste libre dans ses déplacements verticaux
à l'intérieur de la sonde 3.A
Au-dessus de l'entretoise 7c se trouve un coulisseau 8 en matière isolante
telle que du plastique, traversé par la tige 4 et qui peut se déplacer
en va-et-vient de manière verticale à l'intérieur d'une ouverture
appropriée 2c ménagée dans le socle 2. Le coulisseau 8 comporte une partie
centrale 8a qui se prolonge par deux ailes 8b, 8c diamétralement
opposées et solidaires chacune d'une butée 8d, 8e s'étendant verticalement
et parallèlement à l'axe de déplacement du coulisseau 8.Above the
L'une des ailes et plus particulièrement celle référencée 8c comporte à
proximité de la butée 8e un doigt de réarmement 8f qui se dirige en direction
de l'extérieur du boítier 9 représenté en traits mixtes (fig. 2
et 3).One of the wings and more particularly that referenced 8 c comprises near the
Au-dessus des butées 8d et 8e sont disposées des lames élastiques et
métalliques 10a et 11a, appartenant respectivement aux rupteurs de sécurité
10 et 11 du thermostat 1. Chaque rupteur de sécurité 10 et 11 est
monté sur les phases d'alimentation en courant électrique de la résistance
d'un chauffe-eau ou d'un appareil analogue, non représenté.Above the
Les extrémités des lames élastiques 10a et 11a portent un contact mobile
10b et 11b propre à coopérer avec un contact fixe 10c et 11c solidaire
des bornes de connexion 12 dont une seule est réprésentée en fig. 2 et
3.The ends of the
Le fonctionnement du thermostat 1 résulte des explications qui précédent,
On comprend que le contact 6 est commandé par le levier amplificateur
6a en fonction de la dilatation relative du tube 3a par rapport à
la tige 4. Le réglage du thermostat 1 s'effectue par le bouton 5.The operation of the
Celui-ci peut porter un index se déplaçant en face d'une graduation prévue
sur le boítier 9. Si pour une raison quelconque la température de
l'installation vient à s'élever anormalement, en dépassant celle du
seuil thermique minimal du ressort 7a, ce dernier se dilate pour déplacer
verticalement en direction du haut l'entretoise 7c à l'intérieur du
tube 3a. Le déplacement vers le haut de l'entretoise 7c entraíne dans le
même sens le coulisseau en matière plastique 8 qui, par l'intermédiaire
des butées 8d et 8e, soulève les lames élastiques 10a et 11a pour ouvrir
les rupteurs de sécurité 10 et 11 assurant la coupure du courant dans
l'installation de chauffage.It can carry an index moving in front of a graduation provided on the
Il suffit alors d'appuyer sur le doigt de réarmement 8f pour contraindre
le ressort 7a dans sa position initiale pour que les rupteurs de
sécurité 10 et 11 viennent en contact. Le retour du ressort 7a à sa position
initiale ne peut être assuré que lorsque la température en bout
de sonde 3a c'est à dire à l'intérieur du chauffe-eau est redescendue en
dessous d'un seuil critique.It then suffices to press the
Le doigt de réarmement 8f peut être supprimé pour éviter d'utiliser des
thermostats ayant subi une élévation de température intempestive.The
Claims (6)
- Thermostat with probe (3), of the kind comprising an electromechanical temperature-regulating system provided with a probe (3) consisting of a metal tube (3a) having a high expansion coefficient inside which a rod (4) of a metal having a low expansion coefficient is placed and at least one electrical safety cut-out (10, 11) controlling the electric current used in the heating element, characterized in that the probe (3) includes, at its free end and between the tube (3a) and the rod (4), a safety device (7) consisting of a spring (7a) made of a shape-memory alloy which acts via a spacer (7c) on a slide (8) whose movement causes the electrical cut-outs (10 and 11) to open when a rise in temperature exceeding that of the minimum thermal threshold of the spring (7a) occurs.
- Thermostat with robe according to Claim 1, characterized in that the spring (7a) bears on a pierced washer (7b) placed near the point where the tube (3a) fastened by crimping to the rod (4).
- Thermostat with probe according to Claim 1, characterized in that the spring (7a) bears directly on the conical part (3k) of the tube (3a) of the probe (3).
- Thermostat with probe according to Claim 1, characterized in that the spacer (7c) extends above the cup (3b) in order to come into contact with the slide (8).
- Thermostat with probe according to Claim 1, characterized in that the slide (8) includes a central part (8a) integral with two diametrically opposed wings (8b) and (8c), each being extended by a vertical stop (8d) and (8e).
- Thermostat with probe according to Claim 5, characterized in that the slide (8) includes, on its wing (8c) and near its stop (8e), a resetting finger (8f) extending vertically in the direction of the axis of movement of the said slide.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9506267 | 1995-05-19 | ||
| FR9506267A FR2734400B1 (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1995-05-19 | REGULATION THERMOSTAT COMPRISING A SAFETY DEVICE IN THE PROBE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0743666A1 EP0743666A1 (en) | 1996-11-20 |
| EP0743666B1 true EP0743666B1 (en) | 1999-01-27 |
Family
ID=9479396
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96420174A Expired - Lifetime EP0743666B1 (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1996-05-14 | Control thermostat comprising probe with security means |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0743666B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69601442T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2129256T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2734400B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL114563A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107024945A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-08-08 | 中山市勤峰电器有限公司秋浦分公司 | A kind of electronic type temperature adjustment rod |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2747459B1 (en) * | 1996-04-11 | 1998-06-19 | Cotherm Sa | HEATING AND CONTROLLING DEVICE PROVIDED WITH A SHAPE MEMORY SECURITY SYSTEM |
| ITAN20010046A1 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-04-29 | Thermowatt Spa | SAFETY THERMAL PROTECTOR, IN PARTICULAR FOR WATER HEATERS WITH ELECTRICITY SUPPLY |
| FR2870985B1 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2007-05-18 | Cotherm Sa | REGULATION THERMOSTAT WITH RETENTION DEVICE |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3507037A (en) * | 1968-04-16 | 1970-04-21 | Robertshaw Controls Co | Method of making a thermostat tube assembly |
| FR2579013B1 (en) * | 1985-03-18 | 1987-04-10 | Cotherm Sa | IMPROVEMENTS ON PLUNGER TUBE THERMOSTATS |
| IT233654Y1 (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 2000-02-01 | Lorenzi Vascao S P A | STEM THERMOSTAT FOR WATER HEATER WITH DOUBLE SAFETY ACTION AND LOW THERMAL INERTIA OF INTERVENTION |
| IT1262416B (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1996-06-19 | Merloni Termosanitari Spa | IMPROVED SAFETY SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR FOR THERMOSTAT WITH IMMERSION SENSOR. |
-
1995
- 1995-05-19 FR FR9506267A patent/FR2734400B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-12 IL IL11456395A patent/IL114563A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-05-14 ES ES96420174T patent/ES2129256T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-14 DE DE69601442T patent/DE69601442T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-05-14 EP EP96420174A patent/EP0743666B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107024945A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-08-08 | 中山市勤峰电器有限公司秋浦分公司 | A kind of electronic type temperature adjustment rod |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69601442D1 (en) | 1999-03-11 |
| EP0743666A1 (en) | 1996-11-20 |
| FR2734400A1 (en) | 1996-11-22 |
| FR2734400B1 (en) | 1997-07-25 |
| IL114563A0 (en) | 1995-11-27 |
| IL114563A (en) | 1998-10-30 |
| DE69601442T2 (en) | 1999-09-23 |
| ES2129256T3 (en) | 1999-06-01 |
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