EP0742889B1 - Process and device for partially reconstructing the lining wall of steel casting ladles - Google Patents

Process and device for partially reconstructing the lining wall of steel casting ladles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0742889B1
EP0742889B1 EP95908261A EP95908261A EP0742889B1 EP 0742889 B1 EP0742889 B1 EP 0742889B1 EP 95908261 A EP95908261 A EP 95908261A EP 95908261 A EP95908261 A EP 95908261A EP 0742889 B1 EP0742889 B1 EP 0742889B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
template
sealing body
lining
area
steel casting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95908261A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0742889A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Werner Stripp
Wolfgang A. Rasim
Horst Tiemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wuelfrather Feuerfest und Dolomitwerke & Co GmbH
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Dolomitwerke GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1626—Making linings by compacting a refractory mass in the space defined by a backing mould or pattern and the furnace wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F27D2001/1605—Repairing linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0001—Positioning the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0036—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising inflatable or extendable parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for restoring the refractory lining in the upper zone of the wall region of a pan for casting and treating steel or similar metallurgical vessels and a device for carrying out the method.
  • the refractory lining of metallurgical vessels usually consists of permanent feed and working feed.
  • permanent lining fireclay bricks or insulating bricks are usually applied in one or more layers to the inside of the steel jacket of the vessel.
  • the working chuck is applied to it, which is later in contact with the molten steel and is removed by erosion, in particular when the metal bath is moved, and by chemical attack, in particular by the slag floating on the molten steel.
  • the working lining can be bricked with refractory bricks or brought in as a refractory mass that solidifies into a monolithic layer. Combinations of these two types of delivery are also possible.
  • the infeed is often divided into zones which have different strengths of the working feed and / or differently resistant refractory types.
  • the working feed is either completely broken out and renewed at the end of the pan journey or repaired in the affected zones if the wear is only partially premature. If the working feed is exposed to chemically aggressive slag in the upper part of the pan about 1 m from the upper edge, the feed in the slag zone has to be broken out and renewed or repaired several times during a pan trip.
  • a device for new deliveries, a device is known from SU-A-178955 with which the filled mass is compacted towards the walls of the pan by radial pressing by means of extendable and height-adjustable template rings.
  • a delivery method is also known in which the working feed of steel ladles is delivered with refractory concrete.
  • a template is required for the wall lining, which specifies the inner contour of the finished concrete lining. The mass is poured into the annular space between the permanent lining and the template.
  • a template that extends from the bottom to the top edge of the pan. For technical reasons, it can be divided in the middle. Mixers, pumps and internal vibrators are usually used to carry out the casting process. The shedding over a period of, for example, three hours must be carried out continuously to avoid possible hardening in the surface area. The vibrators are intended to prevent cavities and cavities from forming in order to achieve good compaction. If, for example, the mass has set after 24 hours, the template can be pulled out again.
  • the object is achieved in that the gap between the lower end of the template and the working chuck projecting below the area to be restored is sealed by inflating a tubular sealing body and the sealing body is relaxed again before the template is pulled.
  • the working feed does not have to be completely broken out in the upper area. It is also not necessary to use a special device to process the surface, rather it is sufficient to remove steel residues and other caking with the usually existing excavation machine with a flat chisel. Delivery times and material requirements are shorter than with a complete outbreak and redelivery Stones. The permanent food underneath is not damaged.
  • the device for performing the method is designed in the manner set out in claims 2 to 4.
  • High-clay casting compounds for refractory concrete can be used to repair the upper zone of the wall area.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the steel jacket (1), the permanent chuck (2) and the working chuck (3) and (4).
  • the working feed in the lower area (3) still has sufficient residual strength.
  • the working food in the upper area (4) on the other hand, is so worn that the pan can no longer be used.
  • the working chuck in the upper area (4) has already been cleaned of steel residues and other caking.
  • the template (5) is hung into the pan from above.
  • An inwardly offset ring (6) is attached to the base of the template.
  • a tubular sealing body (7) made of flexible material is attached to the ring (6).
  • the sealing body (7) is inflatable. It can consist of plastic-reinforced rubber.
  • a protective jacket (8) between the working chuck (3) and the sealing body (7) This is attached with its upper edge, for example with a tab on the lower edge of the template (5). It consists of tear-resistant, flexible material and is cut so that it exerts pressure on the sealing body (7) with a prestress.
  • the sealing body (7) is inflated so that it is attached to the working chuck in the lower Area (3) in the transition to working feed in the upper area (4) tightly.
  • the template is then ready to repair the working feed in the upper area (4) by pouring refractory casting compound into the space between the remaining feed and the wall of the template (5).
  • Fig. 2 shows the state after the repair process has ended.
  • the tubular sealing body (7) is no longer pressurized.
  • the protective jacket (8) is no longer in contact with the working chuck in the lower area (3), but instead presses the tubular sealing body (7) against the ring (6) at the base of the template due to the internal pretension.
  • the template can now be pulled out upwards without damaging the sealing body (7) or the newly cast working chuck in the upper area (4).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Abstract

It was difficult until now to carry out intermediate repairs of monolithic refractory lining walls of steel casting and handling ladles when the slag area of the lining was worn before other areas. According to this new process for reconstructing the refractory lining in the upper area of the wall, repairs may be economically carried out in that the gap between the lower end of the template and the lining that projects under the area to be reconstructed is sealed by inflating a hose-like sealing body (7) and by deflating again the sealing body (7) before removing the template. This process is useful for steel casting and handling ladles and for similar metallurgical vessels.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Wiederherstellung der feuerfesten Zustellung in der oberen Zone des Wandbereichs einer Pfanne zum Vergießen und Behandeln von Stahl oder ähnlichen metallurgischen Gefäßen und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for restoring the refractory lining in the upper zone of the wall region of a pan for casting and treating steel or similar metallurgical vessels and a device for carrying out the method.

Üblicherweise besteht der Aufbau der feuerfesten Auskleidung von metallurgischen Gefäßen aus Dauerfutter und Arbeitsfutter. Als Dauerfutter werden üblicherweise Schamottesteine oder Isoliersteine in einer oder mehreren Lagen auf den Stahlmantel des Gefäßes innen aufgebracht. Darauf wird das Arbeitsfutter aufgebracht, das später mit der Stahlschmelze in Berührung steht und durch Erosion, insbesondere bei Bewegung des Metallbades, sowie durch chemischen Angriff, insbesondere durch die auf der Stahlschmelze schwimmende Schlacke, abgetragen wird.The refractory lining of metallurgical vessels usually consists of permanent feed and working feed. As permanent lining, fireclay bricks or insulating bricks are usually applied in one or more layers to the inside of the steel jacket of the vessel. The working chuck is applied to it, which is later in contact with the molten steel and is removed by erosion, in particular when the metal bath is moved, and by chemical attack, in particular by the slag floating on the molten steel.

Das Arbeitsfutter kann mit feuerfesten Steinen gemauert werden oder als feuerfeste Masse eingebracht werden, die zu einer monolithischen Schicht erstarrt. Kombinationen dieser beiden Zustellungsarten sind ebenfalls möglich.The working lining can be bricked with refractory bricks or brought in as a refractory mass that solidifies into a monolithic layer. Combinations of these two types of delivery are also possible.

Bei Betrachtung der Wirtschaftlichkeit unter Berücksichtigung sowohl der Materialkosten und der Haltbarkeiten, wie auch der Zustellzeiten und der Anforderungen an das Personal erweist sich die monolithische Zustellung häufig als günstiger gegenüber der gemauerten Zustellung.When considering the economic viability, taking into account both the material costs and the shelf life, as well as the delivery times and the requirements for the staff, the monolithic delivery often proves to be cheaper than the brick delivery.

Die veränderten Verfahren der modernen Stahlherstellung führen zu erhöhten Anforderungen an die feuerfeste Auskleidung von Gieß- und Behandlungspfannen. Insbesondere nach Übergang auf Strangguß führten die höheren Abstichtemperaturen und die längeren Verweilzeiten der Stahlschmelze in der Pfanne zu erhöhtem Verschleiß der feuerfesten Auskleidung.The changed processes of modern steel production lead to increased demands on the refractory Lining of ladles and treatment pans. Especially after the transition to continuous casting, the higher tapping temperatures and the longer residence times of the molten steel in the ladle led to increased wear of the refractory lining.

Da in der Regel der Verschleiß in verschiedenen Wand- und Bodenbereichen der Pfanne unterschiedlich ist, wird häufig die Zustellung in Zonen aufgeteilt, die unterschiedliche Stärken des Arbeitsfutters und/oder unterschiedlich resistente Feuerfestsorten aufweisen.Since the wear is generally different in different wall and floor areas of the pan, the infeed is often divided into zones which have different strengths of the working feed and / or differently resistant refractory types.

Das Arbeitsfutter wird nach mehrmaligem Befüllen und Entleeren der Pfanne entweder am Ende der Pfannenreise vollständig ausgebrochen und erneuert oder bei nur teilweise voreilendem Verschleiß in den betroffenen Zonen repariert. Wenn im oberen Teil der Pfanne etwa 1 m vom oberen Rand das Arbeitsfutter einer chemisch aggressiven Schlacke ausgesetzt ist, muß das Futter in der Schlackenzone während einer Pfannenreise mehrmals ausgebrochen und erneuert bzw. repariert werden.After repeated filling and emptying of the pan, the working feed is either completely broken out and renewed at the end of the pan journey or repaired in the affected zones if the wear is only partially premature. If the working feed is exposed to chemically aggressive slag in the upper part of the pan about 1 m from the upper edge, the feed in the slag zone has to be broken out and renewed or repaired several times during a pan trip.

Für Neuzustellungen ist aus SU-A-178955 eine Vorrichtung bekannt, mit der durch radiales Pressen mittels ausziehbarer und in der Höhe verstellbarer Schablonenringe die eingefüllte Masse zu den Wänden der Pfanne hin verdichtet wird.For new deliveries, a device is known from SU-A-178955 with which the filled mass is compacted towards the walls of the pan by radial pressing by means of extendable and height-adjustable template rings.

Bekannt ist weiterhin ein Zustellverfahren, bei dem das Arbeitsfutter von Stahlgießpfannen mit feuerfestem Beton zugestellt wird. Für das Wandfutter ist eine Schablone erforderlich, die die Innenkontur des fertig betonierten Arbeitsfutters vorgibt. Die Masse wird in den Ringraum zwischen Dauerfutter und Schablone gegossen.A delivery method is also known in which the working feed of steel ladles is delivered with refractory concrete. A template is required for the wall lining, which specifies the inner contour of the finished concrete lining. The mass is poured into the annular space between the permanent lining and the template.

Für eine komplette Neuzustellung verwendet man eine Schablone, die vom Boden bis zur Oberkante der Pfanne reicht. Aus einbautechnischen Gründen kann sie in der Mitte geteilt sein. Zur Durchführung des Gießvorganges werden üblicherweise Mischer, Pumpen sowie Innenrüttler eingesetzt. Das Vergießen über die Dauer von beispielsweise drei Stunden muß kontinuierlich durchgeführt werden, um mögliche Aushärtungen im Oberflächenbereich zu vermeiden. Durch die Vibratoren soll die Bildung von Hohlstellen und Lunkern verhindert werden, um eine gute Verdichtung zu erzielen. Wenn die Masse beispielsweise nach 24 Stunden abgebunden hat, kann die Schablone wieder herausgezogen werden.For a complete new delivery, use a template that extends from the bottom to the top edge of the pan. For technical reasons, it can be divided in the middle. Mixers, pumps and internal vibrators are usually used to carry out the casting process. The shedding over a period of, for example, three hours must be carried out continuously to avoid possible hardening in the surface area. The vibrators are intended to prevent cavities and cavities from forming in order to achieve good compaction. If, for example, the mass has set after 24 hours, the template can be pulled out again.

Bei monolithischer Zustellung der gesamten Pfannenwand hat sich als nachteilig herausgestellt, daß bei voreilendem Verschleiß in der Schlackenzone Zwischenreparaturen in diesem Bereich so schwierig sind, daß dieser Bereich weiterhin mit feuerfesten Steinen gemauert werden mußte, wie in Stahl u. Eisen Special, Oktober 1992, S. 117 - 120, beschrieben.In the case of monolithic infeed of the entire pan wall, it has been found to be disadvantageous that, with premature wear in the slag zone, intermediate repairs in this area are so difficult that this area had to be bricked with refractory bricks, as in steel and the like. Eisen Special, October 1992, pp. 117-120.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, bei einer monolithisch zugestellten Stahlgieß- und Behandlungspfanne in wirtschaftlich günstiger Weise die Wiederherstellung der oberen Zone des Wandbereiches mit feuerfester Masse vorzunehmen.It is therefore an object of the present invention to restore the upper zone of the wall area with refractory material in an economically advantageous manner in the case of a monolithically supplied steel casting and treatment ladle.

Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß der Spalt zwischen dem unteren Ende der Schablone und dem unterhalb des wiederherzustellenden Bereiches vorstehenden Arbeitsfutter durch Aufblasen eines schlauchförmigen Dichtkörpers abgedichtet wird und der Dichtkörper vor dem Ziehen der Schablone wieder entspannt wird.The object is achieved in that the gap between the lower end of the template and the working chuck projecting below the area to be restored is sealed by inflating a tubular sealing body and the sealing body is relaxed again before the template is pulled.

Vorteilhaft ist, daß das Arbeitsfutter im oberen Bereich nicht vollständig ausgebrochen werden muß. Es ist auch kein Spezialgerät zur Bearbeitung der Oberfläche erforderlich, sondern es genügt, mit der üblicherweise vorhandenen Ausbruchsmaschine mit Flachmeißel Stahlreste und sonstige Anbackungen zu entfernen. Zustellzeiten und Materialbedarf sind geringer als bei völligem Ausbruch und Neuzustellung mit Steinen. Das darunterliegende Dauerfutter wird nicht beschädigt.It is advantageous that the working feed does not have to be completely broken out in the upper area. It is also not necessary to use a special device to process the surface, rather it is sufficient to remove steel residues and other caking with the usually existing excavation machine with a flat chisel. Delivery times and material requirements are shorter than with a complete outbreak and redelivery Stones. The permanent food underneath is not damaged.

Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ist in der in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 4 wiedergegebenen Weise gestaltet.The device for performing the method is designed in the manner set out in claims 2 to 4.

Zur Reparatur der oberen Zone des Wandbereiches können hochtonerdereiche Gießmassen für feuerfesten Beton verwendet werden.High-clay casting compounds for refractory concrete can be used to repair the upper zone of the wall area.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Fig. 1 und 2 näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Fig. 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung den Stahlmantel (1), das Dauerfutter (2) und das Arbeitsfutter (3) und (4). Das Arbeitsfutter im unteren Bereich (3) weist noch genügende Reststärke auf. Das Arbeitsfutter im oberen Bereich (4) ist dagegen so weit verschlissen, daß die Pfanne nicht mehr eingesetzt werden kann. Das Arbeitsfutter im oberen Bereich (4) ist bereits von Stahlresten und sonstigen Anbackungen gesäubert. Die Schablone (5) wird von oben in die Pfanne eingehängt. Am Fuß der Schablone ist ein nach innen versetzter Ring (6) angebracht. An dem Ring (6) ist ein schlauchförmiger Dichtkörper (7) aus flexiblem Material befestigt. Der Dichtkörper (7) ist aufblasbar. Er kann aus kunststoffverstärktem Gummi bestehen. Zum Schutz vor Beschädigungen befindet sich zwischen Arbeitsfutter (3) und Dichtkörper (7) ein Schutzmantel (8). Dieser ist mit seiner oberen Kante zum Beispiel mit einer Lasche am unteren Rand der Schablone (5) befestigt. Er besteht aus reißfestem biegsamen Material und ist so geschnitten, daß er mit einer Vorspannung Druck auf den Dichtkörper (7) ausübt.Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the steel jacket (1), the permanent chuck (2) and the working chuck (3) and (4). The working feed in the lower area (3) still has sufficient residual strength. The working food in the upper area (4), on the other hand, is so worn that the pan can no longer be used. The working chuck in the upper area (4) has already been cleaned of steel residues and other caking. The template (5) is hung into the pan from above. An inwardly offset ring (6) is attached to the base of the template. A tubular sealing body (7) made of flexible material is attached to the ring (6). The sealing body (7) is inflatable. It can consist of plastic-reinforced rubber. To protect against damage, there is a protective jacket (8) between the working chuck (3) and the sealing body (7). This is attached with its upper edge, for example with a tab on the lower edge of the template (5). It consists of tear-resistant, flexible material and is cut so that it exerts pressure on the sealing body (7) with a prestress.

Nach dem Einsetzen der Schablone wird der Dichtkörper (7) aufgeblasen, so daß er sich an das Arbeitsfutter im unteren Bereich (3) im Übergang zum Arbeitsfutter im oberen Bereich (4) dicht anlegt.After inserting the template, the sealing body (7) is inflated so that it is attached to the working chuck in the lower Area (3) in the transition to working feed in the upper area (4) tightly.

Danach ist die Schablone bereit zur Reparatur des Arbeitsfutters im oberen Bereich (4) durch Nachgießen von feuerfester Gießmasse in den Zwischenraum zwischen dem Restfutter und der Wand der Schablone (5).The template is then ready to repair the working feed in the upper area (4) by pouring refractory casting compound into the space between the remaining feed and the wall of the template (5).

Fig. 2 zeigt den Zustand nach Beendigung des Reparaturvorganges. Der schlauchförmige Dichtkörper (7) ist nicht mehr druckbeaufschlagt. Der Schutzmantel (8) liegt nicht mehr am Arbeitsfutter im unteren Bereich (3) an, sondern drückt aufgrund der inneren Vorspannung den schlauchförmigen Dichtkörper (7) gegen den Ring (6) am Fuß der Schablone. Die Schablone kann jetzt nach oben herausgezogen werden, ohne daß der Dichtkörper (7) oder das neu gegossene Arbeitsfutter im oberen Bereich (4) beschädigt wird.Fig. 2 shows the state after the repair process has ended. The tubular sealing body (7) is no longer pressurized. The protective jacket (8) is no longer in contact with the working chuck in the lower area (3), but instead presses the tubular sealing body (7) against the ring (6) at the base of the template due to the internal pretension. The template can now be pulled out upwards without damaging the sealing body (7) or the newly cast working chuck in the upper area (4).

Claims (4)

  1. Method of restoring the refractory lining in the upper zone of the wall region of a steel pouring and handling ladle by sealing the annular space between a template (5) and the remaining lining (4) with refractory casting compound, characterized in that the gap between the bottom end of the template (5) and the lining (3) jutting out below the region to be restored is sealed by inflating a tubular sealing body (7) and the sealing body (7) is relieved once more prior to the drawing of the template (5).
  2. Device having a template (5) as well as a mixer, pumps and an internal vibrator for effecting the method according to claim 1, characterized in that provided at the bottom end of the template (5) is an inwardly offset ring (6), at the outer periphery of which the tubular, inflatable sealing body (7) is provided.
  3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that fastened to the bottom edge of the template (5) is an elastic protective covering (8) which externally surrounds the sealing body.
  4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the elastic protective covering (8) presses the relieved sealing body (7) against the inwardly offset ring (6).
EP95908261A 1994-02-03 1995-02-03 Process and device for partially reconstructing the lining wall of steel casting ladles Expired - Lifetime EP0742889B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4403271A DE4403271C1 (en) 1994-02-03 1994-02-03 Repairing upper wall zone lining of ladle
DE4403271 1994-02-03
PCT/EP1995/000398 WO1995021363A1 (en) 1994-02-03 1995-02-03 Process and device for partially reconstructing the lining wall of steel casting ladles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0742889A1 EP0742889A1 (en) 1996-11-20
EP0742889B1 true EP0742889B1 (en) 1997-10-01

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ID=6509357

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95908261A Expired - Lifetime EP0742889B1 (en) 1994-02-03 1995-02-03 Process and device for partially reconstructing the lining wall of steel casting ladles

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0742889B1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ284815B6 (en)
DE (2) DE4403271C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2110315T3 (en)
FI (1) FI111188B (en)
PL (1) PL178437B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995021363A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA95855B (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5632937A (en) * 1991-03-22 1997-05-27 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Method of installing a refractory lining
DE19724510A1 (en) * 1997-06-11 1998-12-24 Gft Ges Fuer Feuerfest Technik Torpedo ladle lining of monolithic concrete
DE19724509A1 (en) * 1997-06-11 1998-12-24 Gft Ges Fuer Feuerfest Technik Component refractory lining production and repair

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1358186A (en) * 1963-05-30 1964-04-10 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Device suitable for preventing accidents during the execution of work in converters and the like having tanks provided with a lining
BE693484A (en) * 1966-02-03 1967-07-17
US4094938A (en) * 1974-03-08 1978-06-13 Serafim Vasilievich Kolpakov Method and apparatus for lining ladles
JPS53102803A (en) * 1977-02-22 1978-09-07 Nippon Steel Corp Automatic repairing device of furnace body opening
AT361150B (en) * 1979-02-20 1981-02-25 Frings Hermann H DEVICE FOR LINING VESSELS OF METALLURGY WITH PAMPING MATERIALS
JPS57190764A (en) * 1981-05-18 1982-11-24 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> Split molding flask for casting

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Publication number Publication date
PL315810A1 (en) 1996-12-09
FI963060A0 (en) 1996-08-02
EP0742889A1 (en) 1996-11-20
DE4403271C1 (en) 1995-06-01
FI111188B (en) 2003-06-13
ES2110315T3 (en) 1998-02-01
PL178437B1 (en) 2000-04-28
DE59500757D1 (en) 1997-11-06
CZ284815B6 (en) 1999-03-17
ZA95855B (en) 1996-01-10
CZ228596A3 (en) 1997-05-14
FI963060A (en) 1996-10-01
WO1995021363A1 (en) 1995-08-10

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