EP0742305A1 - Durchlässige Stoffe - Google Patents
Durchlässige Stoffe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0742305A1 EP0742305A1 EP96303164A EP96303164A EP0742305A1 EP 0742305 A1 EP0742305 A1 EP 0742305A1 EP 96303164 A EP96303164 A EP 96303164A EP 96303164 A EP96303164 A EP 96303164A EP 0742305 A1 EP0742305 A1 EP 0742305A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- melt
- average pore
- fabric
- laminated fabric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D12/00—Non-structural supports for roofing materials, e.g. battens, boards
- E04D12/002—Sheets of flexible material, e.g. roofing tile underlay
Definitions
- the present invention relates to gas and/or vapour permeable materials, and production methods therefor. Particularly, but not exclusively the invention relates to air and/or water vapour permeable fabrics for use in various industries such as in building construction, textile manufacture, bedding manufacture and the like.
- Gas and/or vapour permeable fabrics known in the art as possessing good barrier properties to water droplets and/or solid particles generally comprise co-extruded or monolayer films comprising a plurality of micropores or monolithic films which permit the passage of vapour, and/or gases through them.
- the passage of vapour and/or gas occurs via molecular diffusion.
- Fabrics of this kind act as barriers to liquid droplets, such as water droplets, and to solid particulates, yet retain a vapour permeability, (e.g. water vapour permeability) and/or a gas permeability which permits the fabric to "breathe".
- Melt-blown fabrics comprising microfilaments, i.e. filaments of typically 1 to 5 ⁇ m diameter are known in the art.
- Melt-blown sheet material comprising hydrophobic polymers, such as polyolefins, possesses a degree of resistance to water droplets and to solid particulates while retaining gas permeability and vapour permeability properties.
- hydrophobic polymers such as polyolefins
- Such structures typically having an average pore size of about 15 ⁇ m do not have sufficiently good barrier properties enabling them to be used in demanding applications.
- Such materials when exposed to extreme conditions such as wind-driven rain and the like, are prone to leakage which is thought to be caused by continuous flexing of the porous structure permitting the invasion of water droplets and so-called water micro-droplets into the material.
- meltblown materials having an average pore size of about 15 ⁇ m and a basis weight of about 40g/m 2 , when incorporated into a structure intended for use as a roofing underlay, exhibit poor barrier properties when exposed to water spray.
- the barrier properties of the meltblown layer may be enhanced by the use of hydrophobic additives, such as organic fluorocarbon derivatives, which further increase the hydrophobic character of the surface of the fibres.
- additives are known in the art and may be added to the fibre surface by a topical application or may be added as a melt additive.
- meltblown fabrics with an average pore size of about 15 ⁇ m and a base weight of less than about 40g/m 2 do not possess adequate barrier properties when exposed to water spray.
- the present invention provides a laminated fabric comprising at least two layers of non-woven sheet material, said fabric comprising (i) a first layer of compressed melt-blown material having an average pore size diameter in the range of from 1 ⁇ m to about 8 ⁇ m, laminated to (ii) a second layer of a material having an open porous structure.
- said second layer is of a material having a spun-bonded structure.
- the compressed melt-blown material may have average pore size diameter of from about 3 ⁇ m to about 7 ⁇ m in its unlaminated state and from about 2 ⁇ m to about 7 ⁇ m in its laminated state.
- the compressed melt-blown material may have an average pore size diameter of about 4 ⁇ m in its unlaminated state and from about 2 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m in its laminated state.
- the porous structure thereof By compressing the melt-blown layer by any conventional compressing means, the porous structure thereof may be at least partially collapsed providing the compressed sheet with properties more usually associated with a film while maintaining its desirable fibrous characteristics.
- the average pore size of the meltblown sheet can be reduced during lamination to a second (or third) layer of a sheet material having an open porous structure.
- Lamination of meltblown sheets to such supportive, open layers may be effected by passing the sheet materials simultaneously through, for example, a point bonding calendering process. In this process, which is known in the art, a combination of heat and pressure is applied in an intermittent pattern known as point bonding.
- the area of such bond points is typically 7% to 40% of the total area of the bonded materials and may preferably be in the range 19% to 25%. It has been found that, although the compression due to such lamination is intermittent, a significant decrease in the average pore size of the meltblown sheet is achieved.
- the extent of the reduction in average pore size of the meltblown sheet is typically about 20% to about 32% when the meltblown sheet is processed to form the intermediate layer of a three-layer structure, the two outer layers being spun-bonded layers, the structure being conveniently referred to an SMS ( S pun-bonded/ m elt-blown/ s pun-bonded) structure.
- meltblown sheet of basis weight 18g/m 2 had a mean flow pore size of 14.7 ⁇ m. After processing to an SMS structure using conditions known in the art, the mean flow pore size was 11.9 ⁇ m, a reduction of 19%. In a second example, a meltblown sheet of 20g/m 2 had a mean flow pore size of 13.6 ⁇ m. After processing to an SMS structure, the mean flow pore size was 9.5 ⁇ m, a reduction of 30%.
- a meltblown sheet of 13g/m 2 had a mean flow pore size of 20.3 ⁇ m. After processing to an SMS structure, the mean flow pore size was 14.4 ⁇ m, a reduction of 29%.
- a meltblown sheet of basis weight 20g/m 2 had a mean flow pore size of 13.0 ⁇ m. After processing to an SMS structure, the mean flow pore size was 9.2 ⁇ m, a reduction of 29%. All of the examples were point bonded using a 19% bond area. Thus, in the above examples, although the average pore size was reduced by the lamination process, none of the laminated meltblown sheets achieved an average pore size within the pore size range according to this invention.
- the material having an open porous structure may be a spun-bonded polymer as described below.
- the layer of compressed melt-blown material may contain additives, such as hydrophobic melt additives and the like, for example an organic fluorocarbon derivative.
- additives are known in the art and may be added to polymers from which melt-blown materials are made to improve their barrier properties.
- polymers from which compressed melt-blown materials may be made include polyolefinic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene homopolymers and co-polymers thereof and of mixtures of homopolymers and co-polymers.
- Other additives, such as UV absorbing additives may be advantageously added to the melt polymer so as to inhibit the polymer degradation due to, for example, exposure to ultraviolet light.
- additives which may be added to the melt-blown material include conventional additives such as flame retardants, pigments and plasticisers, and the like.
- the fabrics of the invention may typically take the form of sheeting, strips and the like.
- the pore size of the material is, on average, of from 1 ⁇ m to about 8 ⁇ m in accordance with the invention, preferably from 3 ⁇ m to about 7 ⁇ m, the preferred average pore size is about 4 ⁇ m.
- the particle barrier properties of the finished bedding covers can exceed those of similar covers made from materials which are totally impermeable to air. While not intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the high air permeability of the fibrous laminate structures of the present invention permits air to flow substantially through the large surface area of the bedding cover material rather than through the seams and closure devices. Materials which are substantially impermeable to air, when subjected to typical "in use” pressures, cause the internal air to be expelled predominantly through the seams and/or closure devices.
- the expelled air from conventional materials in such circumstances can carry solid particles, such as house dust mite faeces and other particulate material which may be allergenic matter thus rendering the protective cover inefficient.
- the materials according to the present invention are believed to have a good filtration efficiency due to the smaller average size of the pores of the melt-blown material forming the barrier layer, such that the efficiency of the bedding cover in decreasing the amount of contact with the user of allergenic particulates is greater with materials of the present invention relative to those materials of the prior art.
- the material of the second layer may comprise a fabric which may or may not possess the barrier qualities of the melt-blown material but which acts as a strengthening support therefor. It will be appreciated that any suitable second material, in providing improved supporting strength to the said non-woven laminated fabric, should not substantially reduce the gas and/or vapour permeability of the melt-blown material. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that any second material should be compatible with the compressed melt-blown material. Preferably, such a fabric may also possess the barrier properties of the compressed melt-blown material may be secured in contact therewith so as to provide a supporting substrate providing backing strength to the said non-woven laminated fabric.
- the second layer of spun-bonded material may be thermally point bonded to the said first layer by conventional means, such as by calendering or ultrasonic welding.
- the non-woven laminated fabric may comprise at least three layers, in which the layer consisting of a compressed melt-blown material having an average pore size of from 1 ⁇ m to about 8 ⁇ m in its unlaminated state is placed between upper and lower spun-bonded polymer supporting layers.
- the polymer used in the outer and inner spun-bonded polymer layers may be any suitable polymer which is capable of providing strengthening support to the non-woven laminated fabric without substantial deleterious effect to the gas permeability and/or vapour permeability thereof.
- the spun-bonded polymer may have an open porous structure and is selected at least on the basis that it has sufficient barrier and/or strengthening properties for its intended use.
- Suitable spun-bonded polymers can be selected from homopolymers such as polypropylene or polyethylene or can be selected from co-polymers, for example, polyethylene/polypropylene co-polymers or from mixtures of homopolymers and co- polymers depending on the intended application of the laminated fabric.
- the outer spun-bonded polymer layer is comprised of filaments of for example 20 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m per filament, when positioned in use as a roofing underlay at a surface coverage of at least 50g/m 2 , water droplet barrier properties of the laminate structure are further improved.
- additives may also be included in the outer spun-bonded polymer supporting layer.
- suitable additives include hydrophobic additives, such as organic fluorocarbon derivatives, ultraviolet light absorbing additives to inhibit polymer degradation, flame retardants and the like.
- the invention further provides a method of producing a non-woven fabric as described above, involving the application of compressive force to a sheet portion of said melt-blown material having an average pore size diameter greater than a predetermined size, and carrying out a bonding step to point-bond said layers together to provide the laminated fabric, said melt-blown material of the fabric when the lamination step is complete having an average pore diameter of said predetermined size lying in the range of from 1 ⁇ m to about 8 ⁇ m.
- melt-blown fabric of the first layer and the second layer(s) are bonded together in a laminated or layered structure, such as a sheet or strip.
- the material having an open porous structure may be a spun-bonded polymer as herein described.
- the invention finds particular use in articles comprising non-woven laminated fabrics of the invention such as roofing underlays, bedding fabrics such as mattress covers, tarpaulins, camping equipment e.g. tents, anoraks and the like, sportswear such as sailing smocks, leggings, ski-jackets and the like, building covers such as scaffolding covers and the like.
- non-woven laminated fabrics of the invention such as roofing underlays, bedding fabrics such as mattress covers, tarpaulins, camping equipment e.g. tents, anoraks and the like, sportswear such as sailing smocks, leggings, ski-jackets and the like, building covers such as scaffolding covers and the like.
- the laminate of Figure 2 comprises an upper supporting open porous layer 3, a compressed melt-blown layer 4 and a lower supporting open porous layer 5.
- a compressed polypropylene melt-blown layer 1 of basis weight 17 g/m 2 and having an average pore size of 7 ⁇ m was thermally laminated to a polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric 2 of basis weight 33 g/m 2 .
- Example 1 The layers 1 and 2 of Example 1 were then point bonded in a laminating step which used sufficient pressure further to reduce the average pore size of the melt-blown layer to 5 ⁇ m.
- the fabric may be used for the manufacture of industrial protective apparel.
- the material comprised of an upper layer 3 of UV stabilised polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric of basis weight 70 g/m 2 , a pre-compressed polypropylene melt-blown layer 4 of basis weight 20 g/m 2 , having an average pore size of 4 ⁇ m and containing a hydrophobic additive and a lower layer 5 of UV stabilised polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric, the layers 3, 4 and 5 being thermally bonded.
- This material is suitable for application as a roofing underlay.
- the material comprised an upper layer 6 of polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric of basis weight 20 g/m 2 , a compressed polypropylene melt-blown layer 7 of basis weight 20 g/m 2 having an average pore size of 4 ⁇ m and a lower layer 8 of polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric of basis weight 20 g/m 2 .
- this material provides a more efficient barrier (see arrows A) to particulate allergens when used as a bedding cover for allergy relief, while permitting the passage of air (arrows B).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE29624441U DE29624441U1 (de) | 1995-05-03 | 1996-05-03 | Durchlässige Stoffe |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9508982.7A GB9508982D0 (en) | 1995-05-03 | 1995-05-03 | Permeable fabrics |
GB9508982 | 1995-05-03 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0742305A1 true EP0742305A1 (de) | 1996-11-13 |
EP0742305B1 EP0742305B1 (de) | 2000-12-20 |
EP0742305B2 EP0742305B2 (de) | 2004-08-04 |
Family
ID=10773914
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19960303164 Expired - Lifetime EP0742305B2 (de) | 1995-05-03 | 1996-05-03 | Durchlässige Stoffe |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0742305B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69611264T3 (de) |
GB (1) | GB9508982D0 (de) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997030244A2 (de) * | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-21 | Klöber, Johannes | Diffusionsoffene dachunterspannbahn und verfahren zum herstellen derselben |
WO1999055983A1 (de) * | 1998-04-29 | 1999-11-04 | Lafarge Braas Roofing Accessories Gmbh & Co. | Wasserdichtes wasserdampfdurchlässiges flachmaterial |
WO2000046464A1 (de) * | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-10 | Kloeber Johannes | Hydrophob ausgerüstete diffusionsoffene unterspannbahn |
US6117803A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2000-09-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Personal care articles with abrasion resistant meltblown layer |
KR20020054882A (ko) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-08 | 한형수 | 여과성이 우수한 다층구조 필터의 제조방법 |
DE19642252C2 (de) * | 1996-02-13 | 2002-10-02 | Peter Wirz | Diffusionsoffene Dachunterspannbahn und Verfahren zum Herstellen derselben |
AT413839B (de) * | 2002-07-26 | 2006-06-15 | Paul Bauder Gmbh & Co Kg | Unterdeck- oder unterspannbahn |
WO2007124119A1 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2007-11-01 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite fabric with high water repellency |
WO2013043397A3 (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2013-08-15 | Mmi-Ipco, Llc | Composite fabrics |
GB2494543B (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2013-09-04 | Don & Low Ltd | Improved roofing fabric |
US20170296714A1 (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2017-10-19 | Kci Licensing, Inc. | Reduced-Pressure Sources, Systems, And Methods Employing A Polymeric, Porous, Hydrophobic Material |
US20200399904A1 (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-12-24 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc | Roofing underlayment with hydrophobic nonwoven core |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4766029A (en) * | 1987-01-23 | 1988-08-23 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Semi-permeable nonwoven laminate |
EP0462574A1 (de) * | 1990-06-18 | 1991-12-27 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Vliesstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
WO1995009261A1 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-06 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Pattern bonded nonwoven fabrics |
CA2138195A1 (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1995-12-09 | James P. Brown | Nonwoven fabric laminate |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4929303A (en) * | 1987-03-11 | 1990-05-29 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Composite breathable housewrap films |
US5208098A (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1993-05-04 | Amoco Corporation | Self-bonded nonwoven web and porous film composites |
DE4443157A1 (de) * | 1994-12-05 | 1996-06-13 | Gessner & Co Gmbh | Dampfdiffusionsoffene Dachunterspannbahn |
-
1995
- 1995-05-03 GB GBGB9508982.7A patent/GB9508982D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-05-03 EP EP19960303164 patent/EP0742305B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-03 DE DE1996611264 patent/DE69611264T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4766029A (en) * | 1987-01-23 | 1988-08-23 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Semi-permeable nonwoven laminate |
EP0462574A1 (de) * | 1990-06-18 | 1991-12-27 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Vliesstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
WO1995009261A1 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-06 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Pattern bonded nonwoven fabrics |
CA2138195A1 (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1995-12-09 | James P. Brown | Nonwoven fabric laminate |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19642252C2 (de) * | 1996-02-13 | 2002-10-02 | Peter Wirz | Diffusionsoffene Dachunterspannbahn und Verfahren zum Herstellen derselben |
WO1997030244A3 (de) * | 1996-02-13 | 1997-09-25 | Peter Wirz | Diffusionsoffene dachunterspannbahn und verfahren zum herstellen derselben |
WO1997030244A2 (de) * | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-21 | Klöber, Johannes | Diffusionsoffene dachunterspannbahn und verfahren zum herstellen derselben |
US6117803A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2000-09-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Personal care articles with abrasion resistant meltblown layer |
WO1999055983A1 (de) * | 1998-04-29 | 1999-11-04 | Lafarge Braas Roofing Accessories Gmbh & Co. | Wasserdichtes wasserdampfdurchlässiges flachmaterial |
WO2000046464A1 (de) * | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-10 | Kloeber Johannes | Hydrophob ausgerüstete diffusionsoffene unterspannbahn |
KR20020054882A (ko) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-08 | 한형수 | 여과성이 우수한 다층구조 필터의 제조방법 |
AT413839B (de) * | 2002-07-26 | 2006-06-15 | Paul Bauder Gmbh & Co Kg | Unterdeck- oder unterspannbahn |
WO2007124119A1 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2007-11-01 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composite fabric with high water repellency |
JP2009534224A (ja) * | 2006-04-20 | 2009-09-24 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 高撥水性複合布帛 |
US20170296714A1 (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2017-10-19 | Kci Licensing, Inc. | Reduced-Pressure Sources, Systems, And Methods Employing A Polymeric, Porous, Hydrophobic Material |
WO2013043397A3 (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2013-08-15 | Mmi-Ipco, Llc | Composite fabrics |
GB2494543B (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2013-09-04 | Don & Low Ltd | Improved roofing fabric |
US20200399904A1 (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-12-24 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc | Roofing underlayment with hydrophobic nonwoven core |
US11518137B2 (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2022-12-06 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc | Roofing underlayment with hydrophobic nonwoven core |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0742305B2 (de) | 2004-08-04 |
DE69611264D1 (de) | 2001-01-25 |
EP0742305B1 (de) | 2000-12-20 |
GB9508982D0 (en) | 1995-06-21 |
DE69611264T3 (de) | 2005-03-10 |
DE69611264T2 (de) | 2001-07-05 |
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