EP0740585B1 - Procede et dispositif permettant de traiter des particules transportees par gaz - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif permettant de traiter des particules transportees par gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0740585B1
EP0740585B1 EP95906297A EP95906297A EP0740585B1 EP 0740585 B1 EP0740585 B1 EP 0740585B1 EP 95906297 A EP95906297 A EP 95906297A EP 95906297 A EP95906297 A EP 95906297A EP 0740585 B1 EP0740585 B1 EP 0740585B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
electrodes
flow duct
gas
needle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95906297A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0740585A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Gutsch
Friedrich LÖFFLER
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/38—Particle charging or ionising stations, e.g. using electric discharge, radioactive radiation or flames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • B03C3/0175—Amassing particles by electric fields, e.g. agglomeration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode has multiple serrated ends or parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating gas-borne Particles, especially for electrically induced agglomeration gas-borne particles according to the preamble of the claim 1 and an apparatus for performing the method according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • Such methods and devices have a whole range of Areas of application.
  • they are in the field of Particle separation used to test the effectiveness of known particle separation processes and devices towards smaller and expand the smallest particles.
  • the desired particle enlargement can be different Way to be achieved.
  • agglomeration techniques also known as “dry” processes known in which the desired agglomeration due to a collision of particles in a fluid Phase.
  • dry processes known in which the desired agglomeration due to a collision of particles in a fluid Phase.
  • a prerequisite for this so-called direct agglomeration is therefore that the individual particles in the fluid phase have a relative speed to one another.
  • This relative speed can be determined by means of thermal and turbulent diffusion or by one induced by force fields Particle movement are generated. Coming as force fields especially heavy fields, centrifugal fields, sound fields or electric fields in question.
  • the advantage of an electric induced agglomeration, d. H. the generation of relative speeds the particles by means of an electric field lies, for example, considerably in comparison to sound fields lower energy requirements, especially in the area small and smallest particles where electrical forces at only low power requirements still have a significant impact on the Exercise particle movements.
  • DE-A-1 407 534 describes one for the separation of particles known from gas streams serving electrostatic precipitators, the ionization electrodes and has deposition electrodes.
  • the ionization electrodes are arranged opposite, needle-shaped Electrodes formed, two opposite each other Ionization electrodes in a separating electrode serving cabbage protrude.
  • For the desired separation of the Particles occur due to a potential difference between the ionization electrodes and the deposition electrode assigned to them, i.e. with this arrangement there is also a unipolar one Charging the particles instead.
  • From US-A-4 734 105 is a method and a Device for separating solid or liquid particles known a gas flow by means of an electrical field.
  • the particle-laden gas flow through a flow channel headed, in which several flat or flat curved Electrode pairs are arranged.
  • At least the main electrodes have needle-shaped projections protruding into the flow channel with spherical or hemispherical tips on which there are corona discharges after application of an electric field and this leads to the ionization of gas molecules.
  • the spherical or hemispherical tips of the needle-shaped Electrode extensions have a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the needle shaft.
  • grid-shaped auxiliary electrodes should be reached be that the area in which the gas is ionized by that area separated in the radial direction of the flow channel is where the particles charged with the help of the gas ions collide.
  • the creation of a strong electric field are made possible by the Solution to the problem identified in US-A-4,734,105 to be achieved, namely in the direction of flow Separation of particles significantly shorten the necessary distance. It is accordingly the one in US Pat. No. 4,734,105 described device for a further developed Electrostatic precipitator.
  • the invention has for its object a method and a device for treating gas-borne particles, in particular for the electrically induced agglomeration of gas-borne Provide particles with which it is possible is an at least almost symmetrically bipolar charged aerosol to provide and at the same time the particle deposition during to minimize deployment.
  • the electrodes must be wired so that they are ungrounded are. Furthermore, it must be ensured that the electrical Field only over the needle-shaped electrodes in the flow channel is coupled and the latter is otherwise free of external electrical fields. Through these measures achieved that the electric field in a spatially limited Area is coupled so that the particle agglomeration takes place mainly in areas where there is no external electric field. In this way prevents it from being reversed in the event of incomplete recombination charged particle to a particle drift in the radial direction of the flow channel and thus for the separation of Particles in the flow channel comes.
  • the method and the device according to the invention are suitable for this are larger and highly unipolar charged, gas-borne Neutralize particles.
  • larger particles are here Particles are meant that are larger than approximately 1 to 2 ⁇ m and in particular are larger than 5 ⁇ m.
  • Charge distribution measurements in the particle size range above about 1.5 ⁇ m have shown that even with bipolar wiring of the electrodes a bipolar charged aerosol is generated.
  • Process and the device according to the invention have been treated are. Due to theoretical considerations actually expects the number of elementary charges to be roughly proportional should be to particle size.
  • a decisive advantage of the method according to the invention or a device according to the invention is in the focusing action of the needle-shaped electrodes can be seen, their opposite Arrangement enables oppositely charged particles in the immediate vicinity and in a spatially limited area Generate area, reducing the agglomeration speed compared to conventional methods or devices is significantly increased and a separation of particles, in particular in the area of the corona electrodes, is greatly reduced.
  • the aerosol flowing through the flow channel is preferred repeatedly bipolar charged in the flow direction the agglomeration of oppositely charged particles charge recombination occurring and a high Ensure collision rate. Due to the repeated bipolar Charging the aerosol can also target the agglomerate size to be influenced. Experiments have shown that the gradual Connection of additional electrode pairs for an additional shift the resulting particle size distribution in areas leads to larger particle sizes. Saturation of the agglomeration effect due to multiple bipolar charging of the Aerosols could not be determined.
  • the wall of the flow channel preferably consists of either electrically insulating plastic or a metal that provided with an electrically insulating coating on the inside is.
  • a device 10 for electrically induced agglomeration gas-borne particles essentially consist of a closed one Flow channel 12 through the in the direction of the arrow Aerosol flows containing gas-borne particles 14 that are solid or can be liquid.
  • the walls of the flow channel 12 d. H. the top surface 16, the bottom surface 18 and the two side surfaces, are made of metal, the inside with an electric insulating coating is provided. They can just as well But walls also made of an electrically insulating plastic consist. Because of the better recognizability it is that Side face of the flow channel 12 facing the observer only shown transparently in the figure.
  • the upper electrodes 20 in FIG. 1 are connected to the positive pole of the DC voltage source, while the opposite, lower electrodes 22 are connected to the negative pole of the DC voltage source.
  • the term "floating" should therefore mean here that none of the Electrodes 20 and 22 are connected to ground, but actually is connected with a plus or minus potential.
  • the DC power source can also be a high voltage AC power source be used.
  • Electrode pairs 20, 22 are in the top surface 16 or the bottom surface 18 with a distance of 10 cm in the flow direction arranged in the middle.
  • the distance at which successive Electrode pairs arranged in the flow direction are from the residence time, the particles 14 between successive pairs of electrodes 20, 22 should have depends on the geometry of the flow channel used and the flow rate of the aerosol. It has found that the dwell time between in the direction of flow successive pairs of electrodes 20, 22 advantageous is in the range of one second.
  • the five pairs of electrodes 20, 22 ensure that the during the residence time of the aerosol taking place in the flow channel 12 Agglomeration of oppositely charged particles and the same Charge recombination occurring, which leads to a reduction of the attractive interaction potential within the particle collective leads, balanced and overcompensated and thus one high collision rate over the entire length of the flow channel 12 is maintained. With targeted overcompensation due to the repeated bipolar charging of the aerosol Agglomerate size in the sense of increasing it to be influenced.
  • Fig. 2 shows the structure of a needle-shaped electrode 20 and their fastening in the top surface 16 more precisely.
  • the electrodes 22 are constructed identically and in the same way in the bottom surface 18 of the flow channel 12 attached.
  • the heart of the electrode 20 is a thin long stainless steel needle 28, at the inner with respect to the flow channel 12 End 26 is formed. On the larger part of the Stainless steel needle 28 has an external thread 30.
  • the part of the needle shaft 31, which is in the operational state in the Flow channel 12 protrudes from an electrical insulation 32 enclosed, which only leaves the tip 26 and thus from the shaft end of the tip 26 to the start of the external thread 30 is enough.
  • the stainless steel needle 28 With its external thread 30, the stainless steel needle 28 is in a Screwed brass sleeve 34, which has a through hole for this 36 with a suitable internal thread 38. At their the End facing the flow channel 12 has the brass sleeve 34 External thread 40, with which it can be screwed into the cover surface 16 is in this a hole with a corresponding internal thread is provided. For easier screwing in of the brass sleeve 34 is a mouth or at its end facing away from the flow channel 12. Ring wrench attachment 42 formed.
  • the electrical connection of the electrode 20 takes place by means of a another sleeve 44, which also has a through hole with a internal thread matching the external thread 30 of the stainless steel needle 28 having.
  • This sleeve 44 which with the not shown here Line 24 is connected to the part of the external thread 30 screwed out of the brass sleeve 34 protrudes.
  • a handle attached to the sleeve 44 called that at the same time for electrical insulation serves.

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  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Procédé de traitement de particules supportées par gaz en particulier pour l'agglomération induite électriquement de telles particules, comprenant les opérations consistant à :
    canaliser un courant de gaz chargé en particules à travers un conduit d'écoulement fermé;
    encoupler dans le conduit d'écoulement un champ électrique qui soit approprié pour ioniser le gaz s'écoulant dans le conduit d'écoulement au moyen d'au moins une paire d'électrodes,
    caractérisé par
    l'ionisation du gaz entres des électrodes en forme d'aiguilles, se faisant face radialement dans le conduit d'écoulement, montées sans être reliées à la terre, de polarités opposées, ce qui provoque une agglomération des particules dans le conduit d'écoulement principalement dans des zones sans champ électrique extérieur.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que les particules sont chargées de façon bipolaire presque symétrique.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que les particules sont chargées de façon répétée de façon bipolaire dans la direction de l'écoulement.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que la charge des particules a lieu dans le champ de tension continue.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le champ électrique est focalisé dans une région très étroitement délimitée dans l'espace entre les pointes des électrodes en forme d'aiguilles.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que les particules à charger sont plus petites que 1 µm, de préférence plus petites que 0,5 µm et en particulier plus petites que 0,1 µm.
  7. Dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, comprenant un conduit d'écoulement fermé (12) et plusieurs électrodes (20, 22) disposées à l'intérieur de celui-ci, qui sont toutes en forme d'aiguille et sont isolées par rapport à la paroi du conduit d'écoulement et qui se font face radialement par paires dans le conduit d'écoulement (12) et comprenant une source de courant qui est reliée aux électrodes (20, 22) et dont la puissance suffit pour engendrer entre les électrodes (20, 22) montées sans être mises à la terre de polarités opposées de chaque paire d'électrodes (20 et 22) des décharges en couronne.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en ce que le rapport de potentiel s'appliquant entre les électrodes (20, 22) se faisant face est au moins approximativement symétrique.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 7 ou 8,
    caractérisé en ce que plusieurs paires d'électrodes (20, 22) sont disposées les unes derrière les autres dans le conduit d'écoulement (12) dans la direction de l'écoulement.
  10. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que la source de courant est une source de courant continu à haute tension.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que le talon d'aiguille (31) de chaque électrode (20 et 22) est entouré par une isolation électrique (32).
  12. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce que les paires d'électrodes (20, 22) sont disposées avec un écartement d'au moins environ 10 cm dans la direction de l'écoulement.
  13. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce que les pointes (26) se faisant face de chaque paire d'électrodes (20, 22) présentent un écartement l'une de l'autre situe dans la plage allant de 10 mm à 40 mm.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 13,
    caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (20 et 22) sont fixées dans la paroi du conduit au moyen de deux manchons (34, 44).
  15. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 14,
    caractérisé en ce que la paroi du conduit est en une matière synthétique électriquement isolante.
  16. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 14,
    caractérisé en ce que la paroi du conduit est en métal et est pourvue intérieurement d'un revêtement électriquement isolant.
  17. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 16 pour neutraliser des particules supportées par gaz fortement chargées de façon unipolaire.
  18. Utilisation selon la revendication 17,
    caractérisée en ce que les particules sont plus grandes que 1,5 µm, de préférence plus grandes que 2 µm et en particulier plus grandes que 5 µm.
EP95906297A 1994-01-13 1995-01-04 Procede et dispositif permettant de traiter des particules transportees par gaz Expired - Lifetime EP0740585B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4400827 1994-01-13
DE4400827A DE4400827C1 (de) 1994-01-13 1994-01-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrisch induzierten Agglomeration gasgetragener Partikeln
PCT/EP1995/000026 WO1995019226A1 (fr) 1994-01-13 1995-01-04 Procede et dispositif permettant de traiter des particules transportees par gaz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0740585A1 EP0740585A1 (fr) 1996-11-06
EP0740585B1 true EP0740585B1 (fr) 1998-08-05

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EP95906297A Expired - Lifetime EP0740585B1 (fr) 1994-01-13 1995-01-04 Procede et dispositif permettant de traiter des particules transportees par gaz

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5824137A (fr)
EP (1) EP0740585B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3115326B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE169246T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9506491A (fr)
CA (1) CA2181138A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4400827C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2120723T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995019226A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA95276B (fr)

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US6004375A (en) * 1994-01-13 1999-12-21 Gutsch; Andreas Process and apparatus to treat gasborne particles
GB9605574D0 (en) * 1996-03-16 1996-05-15 Mountain Breeze Ltd Treatment of particulate pollutants
DE19615111A1 (de) * 1996-04-17 1997-10-23 Degussa Oxide
US6228149B1 (en) 1999-01-20 2001-05-08 Patterson Technique, Inc. Method and apparatus for moving, filtering and ionizing air
US6482253B1 (en) * 1999-09-29 2002-11-19 John P. Dunn Powder charging apparatus
FR2818451B1 (fr) * 2000-12-18 2007-04-20 Jean Marie Billiotte Dispositif electrostatique d'emission ionique pour deposer une quantite quasi homogene d'ions sur la surface d'une multitude de particules aerosols au sein d'un fluide en mouvement.
US6589314B1 (en) 2001-12-06 2003-07-08 Midwest Research Institute Method and apparatus for agglomeration
JP4409516B2 (ja) * 2006-01-16 2010-02-03 財団法人大阪産業振興機構 帯電ナノ粒子製造方法及び帯電ナノ粒子製造システム並びに帯電ナノ粒子堆積システム
US8167984B1 (en) 2008-03-28 2012-05-01 Rogers Jr Gilman H Multistage electrically charged agglomeration system
DE102009021631B3 (de) * 2009-05-16 2010-12-02 Gip Messinstrumente Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer bipolaren Ionenatmosphäre mittels elektrischer Sperrschichtentladung
KR101917589B1 (ko) 2011-10-24 2018-11-13 아디트야 비를라 누보 리미티드 카본 블랙의 제조를 위한 개선된 방법
EP2772309B1 (fr) 2013-03-01 2015-06-03 Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg Dispositif de séparation de particules à partir d'un flux de gaz chargé de particules et procédé
CN109387463A (zh) * 2017-08-08 2019-02-26 财团法人交大思源基金会 可防止采样误差的高效率静电微粒液相采样器
CN107626452A (zh) * 2017-10-11 2018-01-26 江苏中建材环保研究院有限公司 一种湿式电除尘器用预荷电式整流格栅
DE102018205332A1 (de) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-10 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Elektrostatische Filtereinheit und Lüftungsvorrichtung mit elektrostatischer Filtereinheit
US11772103B2 (en) * 2020-03-27 2023-10-03 Praan Inc. Filter-less intelligent air purification device

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2181138A1 (fr) 1995-07-20
DE4400827C1 (de) 1995-04-20
JP3115326B2 (ja) 2000-12-04
US5824137A (en) 1998-10-20
ES2120723T3 (es) 1998-11-01
DE59503073D1 (de) 1998-09-10
ZA95276B (en) 1995-09-21
WO1995019226A1 (fr) 1995-07-20
EP0740585A1 (fr) 1996-11-06
JPH09507429A (ja) 1997-07-29
ATE169246T1 (de) 1998-08-15
BR9506491A (pt) 1997-10-07
MX9602771A (es) 1998-06-28

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