EP0737786B1 - Lintel made of masonry with a carrier construction - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a lintel made of masonry with an intercepting Device with the features of the preamble of claims 1 and 2.

Masonry reinforcements are used for large walls, over window and door openings (as lintel reinforcement), not load-bearing partitions on sagging ceilings, in the gable masonry as well as in the mixed masonry. Generally it serves the setting behavior to be caught by masonry wedges. Through shrinkage and Swelling processes can create tensile or compressive stresses which Exceed the elasticity of the masonry. As far as not remedy here Expansion joints can or should be created in bed joints (horizontal longitudinal joints) embedded in the mortar bed steel grid, the mostly from parallel longitudinal bars with other steel elements connecting them consist.

In the case of facing lintel reinforcement, there is the so-called runner layer are bricks with the long side parallel when bricked up to the escape of the wall, another rolling layer runs in front of which the bricks stand on the narrow side. In those made of a rolling layer and a running layer existing brickwork will experience tensile and compressive forces which the bricks move apart on their underlying edges be, with the upper masonry edges in the underlying roll layer pressed together and the lower edges pushed apart become. This results in a layer guided into the load-bearing layer Force to be absorbed via tensile reinforcement.

US-A-2,361,828 is masonry with embedded reinforcement known, wherein to produce a composite between Pressure and / or tensile zones of the facing lintel that bear pressure Anchoring system stones of the runner layer above the reinforcement form that the stones of a runner layer attached below the reinforcement stops. The reinforcement consists of an horizontal mortar bed of the longitudinal joint above the runner layer embedded metal band or from at least one longitudinal rod and from brackets placed on the metal strip or the longitudinal bar, the with their free ends in the mortar bed of the vertical joints below runner layer lying in the reinforcement. Is the reinforcement? from a metal band or two or three longitudinal bars, then points the web connecting the two legs of each bracket has a length on that the width of the metal strip or the total width of the longitudinal bars corresponds. For this reason, it is necessary to have several bracket sizes to keep in stock to match the widths of the metal strips used or brackets dimensioned according to the width of two longitudinal bars To have available, because a lateral bending of the temple legs, around the bracket different widths of the metal band or the distance It is not possible to adapt two longitudinal bars because of the length of the stirrups is the width required for the metal strips are. It also becomes vertical in the mortar bed Joints of the runner layer extending leg of the bracket is not a fixed one Hold in the mortar bed is guaranteed, as in the area e.g. a window opening lying runner layer, which forms the lintel lintel, tensile forces subject and the hardened mortar bed itself no additional Anchoring for the bracket forms.

EP-A-0 340 840 describes a reinforcement system for a wall masonry with a horizontal reinforcement to be inserted into the mortar bed, wherein vertical reinforcement elements are provided, which in vertical indentations or openings in the masonry are, the height or length of the vertical reinforcements approximately corresponds to the height of at least two stacked bricks. In addition, the vertical reinforcements are in at least one Arranged vertically on the horizontal reinforcement and with this firmly connected. With this reinforcement device it should be easy, one To create a wall from a masonry that allows horizontal and to erect vertically reinforced masonry manually without practically to deviate from the conventional masonry process. This reinforcement device can only be used where masonry is made of perforated bricks shall be. Since the vertical reinforcements in Form of closed brackets firmly connected to the horizontal reinforcement there is no way by moving the vertical Reinforcement of these wall joint distances of different dimensions adapt.

The known reinforcement device cannot be used as masonry reinforcement with a static load-bearing effect in the lintel area for facing lintels and with, connected to the reinforcement or suspended above open wire brackets for the production of statically self-supporting systems, like blind falls.

A device for receiving a finished beam to cover Openings on a masonry consist of DE-A-28 36 781 a lintel that has a stone-like load-bearing core with inserted reinforcing bars has, but not in a horizontal Mortar bed are embedded and which are not in operative connection with in vertical The stirrups lying on the mortar bed.

The masonry interception devices known from the prior art consist of an angular drawstring, the vertical, leg extending over the entire length via a pressure screw is supported against the load-bearing wall. On the front side the vertical leg is supported against a gusset plate, which, if necessary via an adjustable head, using a dowel or a Anchor rail is fixed in masonry or concrete. With interception It is also common to use window openings to attach the support bracket to the masonry to hang up.

In addition, there are also support brackets with a cane anchor known in which a concrete part on the crutch is connected to the interception console, which in turn is attached to the masonry or concrete is attached.

It is an object of the present invention to be economical, universal to create usable masonry interception system that with the mortar of the masonry is connectable and the different loads is adaptable, while maintaining an improved composite should be, in connection with a composite system for one brick lintel between the pressure and tension zones of the lintel, the the pressure-bearing stones over the reinforcement an anchoring system record the stones placed under the reinforcement brings to a halt, so that a better distribution of pressure and Tractive forces while avoiding sagging of the masonry is achieved in the facing lintel.

This is caused by a masonry lintel lintel with an intercepting Device as well as with one in the horizontal joints in the mortar embedded masonry reinforcement with the features of claim 1 and 2 solved.

This interception device for masonry has one according to claim 1 Masonry reinforcement from parallel or connected via cross bars Longitudinal bars transverse to the longitudinal direction and / or support plates, at least one of the support plates being one vertical leg, preferably with one also vertical threaded rod to the plate, for fastening a connecting part having. The formation of the masonry reinforcement in shape of longitudinal bars compared to an angle iron has the advantage that material and weight can be saved. The vertical leg with the threaded rod attached to a connector, such as one Interception bracket, attached, allows space-saving, lightweight manageable height adjustment and an improved mortar flow.

The solution to the problem according to claim 2 is that the masonry reinforcement also from parallel or cross bars connected longitudinal bars and transverse bearing plates transverse to the longitudinal direction and brackets with support plates, at least one of the outer bearing plates is a connecting part perpendicular to the bearing plate has, the longitudinal rods of the on the support plate Reinforcement lie on or are firmly connected to it.

• wirtschaftlich;
• es ist mit dem Mörtel des Mauerwerks leicht und gut verbindbar;
• es ist den unterschiedlichen Belastungen anpaßbar und variabel;
• es ist leicht den unterschiedlichen Achsabständen der Dübel und Ankerelemente auf der Baustelle anpaßbar;
• es wird wenig Metall im Mauerwerk benötigt, wodurch im Verblendmauerwerk auftretende Spannungen verringert werden;
• dem Verblendmauerwerk wird ein weitaus besserer Verbund gegeben, was dadurch erreicht wird, daß das Tragsystem vom Mörtel durchdrungen wird;
• es ist an die unterschiedlichsten Steinformate anpaßbar, deren Fugen den Fugen zwischen dem Verblendmauerwerk und dem Baukörper anpaßbar sind;
• es wird durch eine Zugbewehrung mit dazugehöriger Verbügelung ein bewehrter Mauerwerksturz erstellt, der aufgehängt werden kann.

The masonry interception device is not only an improved interception system, but is the masonry interception system

• economically;
• it is easy and easy to connect with the mortar of the masonry;
• it is adaptable and variable to the different loads;
• it is easily adaptable to the different center distances of the dowels and anchor elements on the construction site;
• little metal is required in the masonry, as a result of which stresses occurring in the facing masonry are reduced;
• the facing masonry is given a much better bond, which is achieved in that the support system is penetrated by the mortar;
• it can be adapted to a wide variety of stone formats, the joints of which can be adapted to the joints between the facing masonry and the structure;
• a reinforced masonry lintel that can be hung is created by means of tensile reinforcement with the corresponding ironing.

Developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

So are preferably the end of the parallel longitudinal rods End bearing plates must be welded against the longitudinal rods from below. These welded end bearing plates provide resistance for one longer weld seam. In addition, the longitudinal bars can still cross bars have preferably the same diameter as that Have longitudinal bars and which are also welded to the longitudinal bars are. The crossbars and the end bearing plates have a length that is about corresponds to the distance between the parallel longitudinal bars.

The support plates are preferably in relation to the longitudinal bars in their Longitudinally displaceable. Has the vertical Leg a width that corresponds to the distance between the longitudinal bars and horizontally lying support plate a longer length so can the support plate from below with the vertical leg between the longitudinal rods are inserted and rotated until the support plate parallel to the masonry reinforcement and the longitudinal bars each supported downwards. The support plates with the vertical Legs can be placed at any desired point in the masonry reinforcement be used to choose the optimal suspension point. Preferably the threaded rod is detachably connected to an interception bracket, the height of the masonry reinforcement compared to the support bracket is. The entire masonry interception device can both set before installation and possibly to a later one Time can be readjusted. The interception console points to her lower end a tube holder with a substantially oval cross-sectional shape which, in the simplest case, consist of a compressed sheet metal can.

The masonry reinforcement is advantageously designed so that it is connectable with another masonry reinforcement, preferably via a plug connection, a bayonet lock, a sleeve or a Welded joint. This configuration makes it possible to use masonry reinforcements use of short lengths that match the one you want Total length can be plugged together. The are preferred Longitudinal bars on one of the end sides of the masonry reinforcement Offset be curved so that a complementary end face of another Masonry reinforcement can be created there. This can also be done by each interlocking parts (repository plates) happen.

According to a further embodiment, the support plate has one below pointing leg, which is preferably the same width as has the platen. This leg is used in a joint between to intervene with the grenadiers.

In addition, other parts, such as angle profile anchors, can be used, the upward leg in a joint between two Runners of a runner layer can intervene while the downward-facing one Leg in a joint between two stones of the rolling layer laterally limiting masonry can intervene. Both legs are mortared in the joints. In addition, the down protruding legs must be anchored in the masonry by means of a bolt.

According to a further embodiment, the angle profile anchors can be used for mounting of plastic films.

To create a bond between pressure and tension zones of the Composite lintels form the pressure-bearing stones of the runner layer An anchoring system above the reinforcement, which is the one below the reinforcement attached stones of the rolling layer stops, whereby reinforcement from parallel parallel bars as well perpendicular arranged in the runner layer and / or in the rolling layer extending, whether open, arch-shaped brackets or plates there is, which lead into the runner layer of the facing lintel Bracket up to the adjacent mortar or parallel to the longitudinal joint Extend cement / mortar joint. The brackets or full-surface steel elements, like plates of reinforcement, are perpendicular to the joint plane or the plane in which the parallel longitudinal bars lie. The special one The advantage of this reinforcement is that the tensile and pressure forces are more evenly directed into the masonry, in particular the veneer lintels (or the grenadiers) will break out prevented from the masonry. The load is connected over the first layer, with the top stones under tension stand.

Preferably, each stirrup or plate end ends on one of the Longitudinal bars. According to a further embodiment, the brackets or plates essentially U-shaped, which makes them great for Vertical joints can be used in runners as well as in rolling layers and the largest possible area of connection between the steel reinforcement elements and create the mortar. The brackets themselves consist of Flat or round steel.

If the brackets can be releasably clamped to the longitudinal bars, the further result Advantage that the bracket at any distance from each other and at any desired location can be arranged. This allows create an individual reinforcement that corresponds to the actual pressure and Tensile forces or tensions is adjusted.

Further advantages result if the temple ends are hook-shaped are, preferably such that the curvature of the hook-shaped End is matched to the longitudinal rod diameter. This ensures that the brackets are easily hung at predetermined locations can. Another improvement in the stabilization of the position Bracket relative to the longitudinal bars results when the bracket is under a Preload are clamped on the longitudinal bars and the hook-shaped Ends of the brackets on the longitudinal bars can be clamped by a snap lock.

A different length of the bracket or the free leg of the U-profile creates the possibility that for example up and down different lengths of stirrups can be used. One in the runner class Reaching bracket can also be longer if necessary, the from the The protruding arm portion of the runner layer is then simply bent over or is thrown. The base piece of the U-shaped bracket is preferably shorter than the distance between the parallel longitudinal bars.

At least part of the stirrups preferably extends into the adjacent one Mortar or cement / mortar joint lying parallel to the longitudinal joint. This is to be understood as a length of the bracket, that of the height of a Stone plus the joint width.

For better anchoring, the longitudinal bars are made of ribbed steel bars, after a further development of the invention Cross bars are interconnected. The cross bars can preferably be arranged at an equidistant distance from each other.

Especially in facing lintels, it is often necessary for a special one To provide sealing. According to a further embodiment lintel waterproofing membranes are provided, one-sided in the mortar or Cement / mortar bed are integrated and consist of a film, whose end section running in the longitudinal direction of the film web has a Connection profiling is provided to secure anchoring in the Mortar bed to reach the joint between two runner layers. This Connection profiling is used to hold plastic films as Lintel membranes covering the water behind the facade, for example above the windows. By means of this connection profiling Foil in the grout with a better bond with to reach the mortar. The structure of the facing lintel is through do not cut the film. According to a preferred embodiment the other free end is preferably embedded in a loop Plastic film with the lintel elements mechanically or connected by gluing.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. Not all versions shown are claimed. The protection area is covered by determines the content of the claims.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische teigeschnittene Ansicht eines verblendsturzartig ausgebildeten Mauerwerks mit Bewehrung,

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Mauerwerkbewehrung,

Fig. 3

einen Querschnitt durch einen Verbundsturz mit eingelassener Bewehrung und mit eingebauter Sturzdichtungsbahn aus einer Folie mit einem in die Mörtel-fuge eingreifenden Endabschnitt mit einer Verbundprofilierung,

Fig. 4

einen Querschnitt durch einen Verbundsturz mit eingebauter Sturzdichtungsbahn aus einer Folie mit einer aus einem Rundstab bestehenden Verbundprofilierung,

Fig. 5

in einer Draufsicht den Endabschnitt der folienartigen Sturzdichtungsbahn mit einem schlaufenförmigen Endabschnitt mit einem eingeschobenen Raundstab als Verbundprofilierung,

Fig. 6

in einer Draufsicht den Endabschnitt der folienartigen Sturzdichtungsbahn mit aufgelegtem und mit der Folie verbundenen Rundstab als Verbundprofilierung,

Fig. 7

in einer Draufsicht den Endabschnitt der folienartigen Sturzdichtungsbahn mit einer aus einer Lochung bestehenden Verbundprofilierung,

Fig. 8

in einer Draufsicht den Endabschnitt der folienartigen Sturzdichtungsbahn mit einem auf die Folie aufgelegten und mit dieser verbundenen Gewebezuschnitt als Verbundprofilierung,

Fig. 9

in einer Draufsicht den Endabschnitt der folienartigen Sturzdichtungsbahn mit einem mit der Folie verbundenen Gewebezuschnitt als Verbundprofilierung,

Fig. 10

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Mauerwerkbewehrung mit einer Endlagerplatte und einer Halterung mit einer Auflagerplatte für die Längsstäbe der Bewehrung,

Fig. 11

eine Seitenansicht einer montierten Mauerwerkabfangvorrichtung,

Fig. 12a, 12b

jeweils verschiedene Seitenansichten der Konsole,

Fig. 13, 14

Ausführungsbeispiele für die Kupplung zweier Mauerwerkbewehrungen,

Fig. 15

eine Mauerwerkbewehrung mit einem eingesetzten Wingelanker in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,

Fig. 16

eine Schnittansicht einer in einem Mauerwerk eingebauten Bewehrung nach Fig. 15,

Fig. 17

eine Schnittansicht zweier Bewehrungen, die zwischen zwei Läuferschichten bzw. einer Läuferschicht und einer Grenadierschicht eingebaut sind,

Fig. 18

eine schaubildliche Ansicht zweier Mauerwerkbewehrungen mit die Bewehrungen miteinander verbindenden Bügeln,

Fig. 19

eine schaubildliche Ansicht einer Mauerwerkbewehrung mit eingehängten Bügeln,

Fig. 20

in einer schaubildlichen Ansicht eine Unterstützungskonsole für Mauerwerkbewehrungsstäbe und

Fig. 21

in einer schaubildlichen Ansicht eine weitere Ausführungsform der an den Längsstäben der Bewehrung gehaltenen Halterung.

Show it

Fig. 1

2 shows a perspective, dough-cut view of a masonry structure with reinforcement, like a lintel,

Fig. 2

a perspective view of the masonry reinforcement,

Fig. 3

a cross section through a composite lintel with embedded reinforcement and with built-in lintel sealing membrane made of a film with an end section engaging in the mortar joint with a composite profile,

Fig. 4

a cross section through a composite lintel with built-in lintel sealing membrane made of a film with a composite profile consisting of a round bar,

Fig. 5

in a plan view the end section of the film-like lintel membrane with a loop-shaped end section with an inserted round rod as a composite profile,

Fig. 6

in a plan view the end section of the film-like lintel membrane with the round bar placed thereon and connected to the film as composite profiling,

Fig. 7

in a plan view the end section of the film-like lintel membrane with a composite profile consisting of a perforation,

Fig. 8

in a plan view the end section of the film-like lintel sealing membrane with a fabric blank placed on the film and connected to it as a composite profile,

Fig. 9

in a plan view the end section of the film-like lintel membrane with a fabric cut connected to the film as a composite profile,

Fig. 10

a perspective view of a masonry reinforcement with an end bearing plate and a bracket with a support plate for the longitudinal bars of the reinforcement,

Fig. 11

a side view of a mounted masonry interception device,

Figures 12a, 12b

different side views of the console,

13, 14

Examples for the coupling of two masonry reinforcements,

Fig. 15

a masonry reinforcement with an inserted wing anchor in a perspective view,

Fig. 16

15 shows a sectional view of a reinforcement according to FIG. 15 installed in masonry,

Fig. 17

2 shows a sectional view of two reinforcements which are installed between two runner layers or a runner layer and a grenadier layer,

Fig. 18

a perspective view of two masonry reinforcements with brackets connecting the reinforcements,

Fig. 19

a perspective view of a masonry reinforcement with suspended brackets,

Fig. 20

in a perspective view a support bracket for masonry reinforcement bars and

Fig. 21

in a diagrammatic view, a further embodiment of the holder held on the longitudinal bars of the reinforcement.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, there is a finished component trained facing lintel 200 installable masonry reinforcement 100 from parallel parallel rods 10 and 11, which are equidistant for this purpose, cross bars 12 arranged at a distance a are connected. The Longitudinal rods 10 and 11 have a diameter d of, for example 4 mm. This diameter corresponds to the diameter of the arcuate Bracket 13 and the cross bars 12, so that on one and the same starting material can be accessed. The diameters can, however can also be selected in different sizes. The bracket 13 are perpendicular to the plane determined by the longitudinal and transverse rods 10 to 12 and have different heights h, depending on whether they are for the grenadiers, i.e. for the rolling layer or for the runner layer of the lintel lintel 200 should be used as an independent component (Fig. 1). The distance the longitudinal bars b also determine the distance between the free legs of the substantially U-shaped profile, the temple ends 14 hook-shaped are formed so that they are pushed over the longitudinal bars can or can be snapped there. If necessary, you can the brackets are also under tension. In the present case grip the temple ends on the opposite inner sides of the longitudinal bars 10, 11. The from the longitudinal bars 10, 11 and Reinforcements 100 existing in the brackets need not be formed in a lattice shape to be. Two single bars can also be used kinked in the support area of the facing lintel in the side masonry and are anchored.

1 and 3 show typical facing lintels with runners 15 and grenadiers 16. The pair of longitudinal bars 10, 11 is in a layer of mortar 17 embedded between the Grenadiers 16 and the ones above it Runners 15 lies.

In the vertical joints between the grenadiers 16 at a distance c delimiting 3 grenadiers 16 each, the longer ones are located Bracket 13 while in the vertical joints between each runner standing up Protruding bracket 13. The upstanding bracket 13 extend into the closest joint 18 between two runners, where they are connected to one Lintel sealing membrane from a film 20, the one with End section in the mortar of joint 18 between two runner layers embedded and by means of a connection profile with the mortar the joint 18 is connected by anchoring. The integration of the film 20 in the mortar bed of the joint is done only with a short film end section, which preferably has a width that is one third or corresponds to a quarter of the depth of the joint. The film 20 serves as a lintel membrane and directs the water behind the facade over the windows from. The free end of the film 21 is mechanically attached to the ceiling or glued. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 3, the length e is one Grenadieres 16 greater than the height h of a bracket 13, while the shorter clamps protruding upwards can also have a height, which is greater than the height of a runner's narrow side.

Due to the displaceability of the brackets on the longitudinal bars 10, 11 there is none Binding to given joints. The butt joints of the stones can be arranged as desired because the bracket on the location of the butt joints can be aligned.

This connection profiling for anchoring the film 20 can be done in many different ways Be trained. Task of connection profiling is to anchor the film 20 in the mortar of the joint 18, the Film 20 only engages with a short section in the mortar of joint 18, so as not to impair the bond between the two rotor layers.

According to Fig. 3, the connection profiling consists of an angle profile 19, which is connected with its one leg to the film 20, while the other leg engages in the mortar of the joint 18. The angle profile 19, which can also be perforated, consists of Plastic or other corrosion-resistant material.

The end of the film 20 can be connected with a profile in the longitudinal direction of the film extending round rod 221 connected in the film end section 20a is connected to the film 20 (Fig. 4). The round bar 221, which can also have a different cross-sectional profile, is through a loop 20b formed on the film end section 20a is pushed through, which are obtained by double-layered film end section 20a is, whereby for easier insertion of the round rod 221 in the Loop 20b or in the space between the two superimposed Foil sheet sections the area of the double layer with at intervals Recesses 20c arranged from each other can be provided (Fig. 5). According to a further embodiment according to FIG. 6, the round bar 221 placed on the film end section 20a and glued to the film or welded, the round rod made of plastic or a suitable corrosion-resistant material.

According to FIG. 7, the end section 20a of the film 20 has a perforation 222 Mistake. The film itself is made of plastic or another suitable foil-like material, metal foil also being used can. Also sandwich films made of a plastic film and a metal film can be used.

To better hold the film in the mortar of joint 18 8, a blank can be cut to the film end section 20a 223 made of a fabric or a nonwoven fabric, this Blank 223 is glued or welded to the film 20. It exists also the possibility according to FIG. 9 at the end section 20a of the film 20 to connect a blank 223a made of a fabric or a nonwoven and to connect with the film 20, then when attached Lintel membrane of this blank 223a anchored in the mortar of the joint 18 becomes. Advantageously, wide-mesh fabrics and coarse textures are used Nonwovens used to bond well with the To reach mortar of joint 18.

The masonry reinforcement 100 (according to FIG. 10) essentially consists from two parallel rods 110, 111 and arranged parallel to each other Cross bars 112, which are at an equidistant distance a the longitudinal bars connect with each other. Longitudinal bars 110, 111 and transverse bars 112 same diameter b ', these cross bars 112 also having a spacer function have to the longitudinal bars 110,111 of the reinforcement 100 in to hold the middle of the mortar bed. End of the masonry reinforcement 100, an end bearing plate 113 is arranged thereon, which is welded on and has a length that is approximately the distance between the longitudinal bars 110 and corresponds to 111. The protrusion is so large that the weld seam 114 offers sufficient support. In addition, the reinforcement 100 has a holder 120 on, which consists of a support plate 117 which is transverse to Longitudinal direction of the reinforcement 100 extends and laterally over the longitudinal bars 110,111 protrudes. The support plate 117 carries a vertical one Leg plate 118, the width of which is the distance between the two longitudinal bars 110,111 corresponds. On the plate 118 is a vertical threaded rod 119 welded, which is perpendicular to the reinforcement 100. This Threaded rod projects above the leg plate 118 and serves as a connecting means for fastening an interception bracket. The leg plate 118 can according to the one embodiment on the front edge 117a of the support plate 117 be attached. The leg plate 118 is expediently placed approximately centrally on the support plate 117 and welded to it, which allows a load adjustment to a larger plate area can be made (Fig. 21).

The entire, consisting of parts 117 to 119, expediently one-piece bracket 120 is before installation from below in the in Fig. 10 shown inserted and can in the direction of Arrow 121 up to the end bearing plate 113 as the final assembly position be moved lengthways.

As can be seen from FIG. 11, the masonry reinforcement 100 can have a Console 123 can be connected to a concrete wall 122. The console has a tubular extension 124, which the threaded rod 119th engages and which via a washer 125 and a nut 126 is attached to the reinforcement 100. The console 123 is according to the state the art connected to the concrete wall 122 in a known manner.

Details of the console are shown in FIGS. 12a and 12b. In the simplest In this case, the pipe bracket of the interception console consists of a compressed one Sheet metal or compressed pipe, which via a connector 127 with a U-shaped masonry anchor 128 is connected.

13 and 14 show different couplings of two masonry reinforcements. In both cases, they are shown on the right End sides of a reinforcement designed so that the longitudinal bar sections 110 'and 111' are bent to a smaller distance or have an offset (FIG. 14). The end plate 113 'can each in as shown through the longitudinal rods 110 and 111 and aligned in parallel after rotation, so that the end bearing plates 113 and 113 'lie against each other.

15 shows (omitting the bearing plate 120 and the end bearing plate 113) an angle profile anchor 150, the installation of which is shown in FIG. 16 in more detail can be seen. This angle profile anchor 150 is used for the embedment depth to shorten the masonry reinforcement 100 in the masonry. The angle profile anchor 150 consists of a first vertical leg 151, the is provided with two vertical longitudinal slots 152 and 153 which for Inclusion of the two longitudinal bars 110 and 111 of the masonry reinforcement 100 serve. The length of the longitudinal slots 152, 153 corresponds to the height of the leg 151. The horizontally lying leg closes the leg 151 Web plate 154, which is at a right angle in a second, downward leg 155 merges, which is parallel to the aforementioned first leg 151 runs. The two legs 151, 155 of the angle profile anchor 150 extend in opposite directions and have, like the web plate 154, the same lengths and preferably same widths. The second leg 155 has a bore 156 provided for an additional anchoring in the masonry by means of a mechanical connection, e.g. of a bolt 157, to make can.

Like the support plate 117, the angle profile anchor 150 is also of below on the longitudinal bars 110, 111 of the masonry reinforcement 100 placed so that the longitudinal rods 110, 111 in the longitudinal slots 152, 153 of the leg 151 of the angle profile anchor, until the longitudinal bars 110, 111 rest on the web plate 154, slide. The angular profile anchor 150 is then shifted on the longitudinal bars 110,111 to rest on a crossbar 112 of the masonry reinforcement 100 in the direction of the arrow X (FIG. 15). The one facing upwards Leg 151 then engages in the joint 115 'between two runners 115 Rotor layer, while the downward leg 155 into the Join 116'a between two stones 116a of the grenadier layer laterally limiting masonry intervenes. Both legs 151, 155 are in mortared in the joints. An additional anchoring takes place by means of a Bolt 157 in masonry, the bolt 157 through the opening 156 passed in the leg 155 of the angle profile anchor 150 (Fig. 16). This is backed up by the last subordinate ones Stones, with the angled leg 155 on the Crossbar 112 supports the masonry reinforcement 100. The leg 151 can optionally also have a threaded rod 119 (FIG. 21).

The vertical plate 118 or 151 of the angle profile anchor 150 is like this great that high pressures can be absorbed. In the built-in Condition is the support plate 117 or 154 of the angle profile anchor 150 on a cross bar 112 or the end bearing plate 113 of the reinforcement. Due to the possible height adjustment of the end anchoring device can shift the center of gravity of the load into the facing lintel become.

The device according to the invention creates an excellent bond reached. When installing the anchor parts in the facing masonry is a good control of the mortar placed between reinforcement 100 and the masonry possible. The required lateral embedment depth of the masonry reinforcement 100 in the masonry is significantly shortened if the invention Abutment system is used. The tie-in length of the reinforcement 100 depends on the mortar and the load.

As can be seen from FIG. 17, the anchoring can also be in a staggered arrangement between two rotor layers 130 and 131 and between the Runner layer 130 and the layer of grenadiers 116 can be used. The respective reinforcement is labeled 100 or 100 '.

Overall, the device according to the invention is characterized in that that it can be used as a modular system. It is very economical, requires little steel, has a high flexibility and one great adaptability, especially due to the removable parts 120 and 150 and connectivity of the individual masonry reinforcements.

18 shows that several reinforcements 100, 100 'are arranged one above the other can be used to reinforce a greater load-bearing capacity Get masonry. It can be a single rebar, as well as a reinforcement element arranged above the first rotor layer his. The composite is formed by interlinking elements, e.g. in the form of Clamping brackets 213, which are inserted into the longitudinal reinforcing bars and / or reinforcements arranged below the reinforcement element intervention. This clamp supports both reinforcement layers. Any chaining of these reinforcements can be very viable Systems can be achieved.

There is also the possibility of additional anchoring of the reinforcement element 100 in above or below Runner layers. Instead of a clamp 213 can also a plate-shaped body can be used, with engagement elements on both sides provided for engagement in the longitudinal bars of the reinforcements is, these engagement elements are resiliently elastic to to achieve a corresponding clamping effect. The clamp bracket 213 can also have an H profile 213b in addition to a U profile 213a.

As can be seen from Fig. 19, there is the built-in masonry reinforcement 100 "of parallel longitudinal rods 110, 111, which are equidistant for this purpose, cross bars 112 arranged at a distance a are connected. The Longitudinal bars 110 and 111 have a diameter of, for example 4 mm. This diameter corresponds to the diameter of the arcuate Bracket 313 and the cross bars 112, so that on one and the same Source material can be accessed. The diameters can however, they can also be of different sizes. The bracket 313 are perpendicular to that determined by the longitudinal and transverse bars 110 to 112 Level and have different heights depending on whether they are for the Grenadiers, i.e. for the rolling layer or for the runner layer of a facing lintel should be used as an independent component. The The distance between the longitudinal bars is determined from the distance between the free legs of the substantially U-shaped profile, the temple ends 314 hook-shaped are formed so that they are pushed over the longitudinal bars can be or can be locked there. Possibly the brackets can also be under tension. In the present In each case, the temple ends grip the opposite inner sides the longitudinal bars 110, 111. The consisting of the longitudinal bars 110, 111 and the brackets Reinforcement 100 "need not be lattice-shaped. It two single bars can also be used in the support area of the facing lintel bent and anchored in the masonry on the side are.

The carrying behavior of the system can be easily changed, that the number of brackets 120 is increased or decreased. The lengths of the threaded rod 119 can be changed as desired existing anchor points, such as anchor channels, in the concrete at the most different Reach positions easily and inexpensively.

The interception brackets 123 (Fig. 11) can be exchanged as desired. This allows different horizontal distances for the anchoring to achieve the building.

The interception brackets 123 can also be used to support the reinforcing bars the reinforcement 100 are used. The console supports this 123 a support plate 450 on which the longitudinal bars 110, 111 of the reinforcement 100 rest or are firmly connected to this (Fig. 20).

To simplify assembly, the support plate 117 is the bracket 120 at its end facing the end bearing plate 113 with a bolt 460, plate-shaped blank, rod or the like., Provided on the support plate 117, with this e.g. connected via a welded joint and with a section from the end of the support plate 117 protrudes so that when bracket 120 is assembled, bolt 460 with its free end on the end bearing plate 113 on the longitudinal bars 110, 111 of the reinforcement 100 rests (Fig. 21).

Claims (33)

1. A facing lintel made of masonry with stretcher courses (15) and with a subjacent stretcher course or a brick-on-edge course (16) with a carrier construction as well as with a masonry reinforcement (100) embedded in the wall mortar into the horizontal joints (17), whereby for realizing a compound between pressure and/or traction areas of the facing lintel the pressure loaded bricks of the stretcher course (15) above the masonry reinforcement (100) constitute an anchoring system which makes sustain the bricks of the stretcher course or of the brick-on-edge course (16) fixed below the masonry reinforcement (100), the reinforcement (100) consisting of a supporting element embedded in the horizontally running mortar or cement mortar bed of the longitudinal joint (17) above the stretcher course or the brick-on-edge course (16) and made of longitudinal rods (10, 11) running parallel to each other for stirrups or plates (13) embedded in the mortar or the cement mortar bed of the vertical joints between the bricks of the stretcher course or of the brick-on-edge course (16) or of the stretcher course, whereby the horizontal masonry reinforcement (100) is embedded in the wall mortar into a bed joint (115', 116'a) which can be connected over a connecting part placed vertically to it with the masonry (122) with a masonry anchor,
   characterized in
   that the masonry reinforcement (100) consists of longitudinal rods (110, 111) parallel running or connected over transversal rods (112) and of end bearing plates (113) placed transversely to the longitudinal direction and of holding devices (120) with supporting plates (117) and that at least one of the supporting plates (117) shows a vertical leg (118) with a threaded rod (119) also perpendicular to the supporting plate (117) for fixing a connecting part (123).
2. A facing lintel made of masonry with stretcher courses (15) and with a subjacent stretcher course or a brick-on-edge course (16) with a carrier construction as well as with a masonry reinforcement (100) embedded in the wall mortar into the horizontal joints (17), whereby for realizing a compound between pressure and/or traction areas of the facing lintel the pressure loaded bricks of the stretcher course (15) above the masonry reinforcement (100) constitute an anchoring system which makes sustain the bricks of the stretcher course or of the brick-on-edge course (16) fixed below the masonry reinforcement (100), the reinforcement (100) consisting of a supporting element embedded in the horizontally running mortar or cement mortar bed of the longitudinal joint (17) above the stretcher course or the brick-on-edge course (16) and made of longitudinal rods (10, 11) running parallel to each other for stirrups or plates (13) embedded in the mortar or the cement mortar bed of the vertical joints between the bricks of the stretcher course or of the brick-on-edge course (16) or of the stretcher course, whereby the horizontal masonry reinforcement (100) is embedded in the wall mortar into a bed joint (115', 116'a) which can be connected over a connecting part placed vertically to it with the masonry (122) with a masonry anchor,
   characterized in
   that the masonry reinforcement (100) consists of longitudinal rods (110, 111) parallel running or connected over transversal rods (112) and of end bearing plates (113) placed transversely to the longitudinal direction and of holding devices (120) with supporting plates (450) and that at least one of the supporting plates (450) shows a connecting part (123) perpendicular to the supporting plate, the longitudinal rods (110, 111) of the reinforcement resting on the supporting plate (450) or being fixedly connected therewith.
3. A facing lintel according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in
   that the end bearing plates (113) are welded on the end side of the parallel running longitudinal rods (110, 111), end bearing plates which have a length which corresponds approximately to the distance between the parallel running longitudinal rods (110, 111).
4. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in
   that the supporting plates (117) are movable relative to the longitudinal rods (110, 111) in the longitudinal direction thereof.
5. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1, 3 and 4,
   characterized in
   that the vertical leg (118) shows a width which corresponds to the distance between the longitudinal rods (110, 111) and that the horizontally placed supporting plate (117) has a compared bigger width and length for receiving the masonry force of pressure and supports the longitudinal rods (110, 111) respectively at the bottom.
6. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1, 3 to 5,
   characterized in
   that the threaded rod (19) is removably connected with the bracket-type connecting part (123) and that the masonry reinforcement (100) is height adjustable relative to the connecting part (123).
7. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1, 3 to 6,
   characterized in
   that the connecting part (123) shows at its lower end a tube support (124) with a substantially oval cross-section form which is made of an upset sheet metal.
8. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in
   that the longitudinal rods (110', 111', 110", 111") of the masonry reinforcement (100) are configured so that they can be connected with a further masonry reinforcement (100) over a plug-in connection, a bushing or a weld joint.
9. A facing lintel according to claim 8,
   characterized in
   that at one of the end sides of the masonry reinforcement (100) the longitudinal rods (110', 111', 110", 111") are bent to an offset so that a complementary end side of a further masonry reinforcement (100) can be put against it there.
10. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1, 3 to 9,
    characterized in
    that the supporting plate (117) shows a leg pointed downwards (129) which shows the same width as the supporting plate (117).
11. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in
    that the masonry reinforcement (100) has, in addition hereto, transversal rods (112) as spacers which have the same diameter as the longitudinal rods (110, 111) and which are welded to these rods.
12. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 11,
    characterized in
    that the stirrups (13) which are open on the top and which are placed on the longitudinal rods (10, 11) of the reinforcement (100) are held with their free ends on the longitudinal rods (10, 11) and extend into the stretcher course (15) and/or into the brick-on-edge course (16) and are guided as far as into the adjacent mortar or cement mortar joint (18) which is parallel to the longitudinal joint (17).
13. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 12,
    characterized in
    that each stirrup or plate end (14) ends on one of the longitudinal rods (10, 11) and that the stirrups (13) or plates are substantially U-shaped or V-shaped.
14. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 13,
    characterized in
    that the stirrup ends (14) are hooklike, preferably so that the curvature of the hooklike end (14) is adapted to the longitudinal rod diameter (d) and that the stirrups are clamped with a prestress onto the longitudinal rods (10, 11) and/or the hooklike ends (14) of the stirrups (13) can be clamped onto the longitudinal rods (10, 11) by snap-in locking.
15. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 14,
    characterized in
    that the stirrups (13) have a different length and that the base piece of the U-shaped stirrup (13) is shorter than the distance (b) between the parallel placed longitudinal rods (10, 11), each stirrup (13) being made of flat steel.
16. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 15,
    characterized in
    that the longitudinal rods (10, 11) are connected with each other by transversal rods (12) which are placed at an equidistant distance (a) the one from the other.
17. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 16,
    characterized in
    that the facing lintel shows a lintel sealing web made of a foil (20) which is embedded with its end section (20a) running in the lintel sealing web longitudinal direction with a short area into the mortar bed of the joint (18) between two stretcher courses and is anchored with the mortar of the joint (18), the end section (20a) of the foil (20) being provided with a connecting profile for anchoring in the joint mortar.
18. A facing lintel according to claim 17,
    characterized in
    that the connecting profile is made of a corner profile (19) which is connected with one leg with the foil (20) and which is embedded with its other leg into the mortar bed of the joint (18) and which is provided with a perforation in its legs.
19. A facing lintel according to claim 16,
    characterized in
    that the connecting profile

    a) consists of a round rod (221) running in foil web longitudinal direction which is connected at the end section (20a) of the foil (20) therewith or

    b) of a perforation (222) in the end section (20a) of the foil (20) or

    c) of a blank (223) made of a woven cloth or of a nonwoven fabric laid on the end section (20a) of the foil (20) and connected with the foil (20) or

    d) of a blank (223a) made of a woven cloth or of a nonwoven fabrik connected with the foil end section (20a).
20. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 17 to 19,
    characterized in
    that the other free end (21) of the loop-shaped embedded plastic foil (20) is mechanically connected by bonding with the facing lintel elements.
21. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 17 to 20,
    characterized in
    that the foil (20), the corner profile (19) and the round profile (221) are made of a plastic or of another appropriate material.
22. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 21,
    characterized in
    that the masonry reinforcement (100) supports a corner profile anchor (150) running transversely to the longitudinal rods (10, 11 ; 110, 111) and if possible parallel to the transversal rods (12 ; 112) and placed on the longitudinal rods (10, 11 ; 110, 111) with a first vertical leg (151) showing at least one vertical longitudinal slot (152, 153) for receiving the longitudinal rods (10, 11 ; 110, 111) of the masonry reinforcement (100), a bent web plate (154) running parallel to the longitudinal rods (10, 11 ; 110, 111) and a second bent leg (155) running parallel to the first leg (151), both legs (151, 155) extending in opposite directions, the corner profile anchor (150) being pushed from below onto the longitudinal rods (10, 11 ; 110, 111) of the masonry reinforcement (100) until the web plate (154) of the corner profile anchor (150) takes its bearing on the lower sides of the longitudinal rods (10,11; 110, 111) and is brought to rest with its first leg (151) on one of the transversal rods (12 ; 112) of the masonry reinforcement (100).
23. A facing lintel according to claim 22,
    characterized in
    that both legs (151, 155) and the web plate (154) have the same lengths and/or the same or different widths.
24. A facing lintel according to claim 22 or 23,
    characterized in
    that the longitudinal slots (152, 153) show a length in the leg (151) projecting upwards from the plane of the masonry reinforcement (100) which corresponds to the width/the height of the leg (151).
25. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 22 to 24,
    characterized in
    that a locking bolt receiving bore (156) is provided for in the leg (155) projecting downwards from the plane of the masonry reinforcement (100).
26. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 22 to 25,
    characterized in
    that the corner profile anchors (150) serve to support plastic foils.
27. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 26,
    characterized in
    that the longitudinal rods (10, 11) consist of ribbed steel rods.
28. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 27,
    characterized in
    that the transversal rods (12) consist of ribbed steel rods.
29. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 28,
    characterized in
    that the longitudinal rods (10, 11) are made of flat steel.
30. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 29,
    characterized in
    that the transversal rods (12) are made of flat steel.
31. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1 to 30,
    characterized in
    that the longitudinal rods of two reinforcement rods (100, 100') placed upon another at a distance of at least the height of a stretcher course are connected with each other over stirrups (213) among which each stirrup (213) is configured as an U-profile (213a) with free clamping legs or as a H-profile (213b) with free clamping legs.
32. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1, 3 to 31,
    characterized in
    that the supporting plate (117) of the holding device (120) carries, at its end turned to the end bearing plate (113), a bolt, a plate-shaped blank, a rod or the like (460) placed in the surface plane of the plate and on the supporting plate (117) as well as projecting beyond the plate end, bolt which rests, the holding device (120) being mounted, on the end bearing plate (113) on the longitudinal rods (110, 111) of the reinforcement (100).
33. A facing lintel according to one of the claims 1, 2 to 32,
    characterized in
    that the web plate (118) of the holding device (120) is placed on the free front edge (117a) of the supporting plate (117) at a right angle therewith, the web plate (118) of the holding device (120) being placed on the supporting plate (117) in its center and being fixedly connected therewith.

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