Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
  • E04D5/14—Fastening means therefor
  • E04D5/141—Fastening means therefor characterised by the location of the fastening means
  • E04D5/142—Fastening means therefor characterised by the location of the fastening means along the edge of the flexible material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
  • E04D3/36—Connecting; Fastening
  • E04D3/3601—Connecting; Fastening of roof covering supported by the roof structure with interposition of a insulating layer
  • E04D3/3603—Connecting; Fastening of roof covering supported by the roof structure with interposition of a insulating layer the fastening means being screws or nails
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
  • E04D5/14—Fastening means therefor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
  • E04D5/14—Fastening means therefor
  • E04D5/144—Mechanical fastening means
  • E04D5/145—Discrete fastening means, e.g. discs or clips

Definitions

• the invention relates to a large-area washer with an opening for inserting a fastener, stiffening elements such as reinforcement indentations or beads and / or reinforcement elevations or ribs being formed on the washer.
• Such washers which are known from US 47 63 456 and US 47 87 188, are used for fastening single or multi-layer roofing membranes and / or an insulating layer on a solid substructure.
• tips are provided as engagement elements in the washer known from US 47 63 456, which drill into the roof membrane, and teeth are provided in the washer known from US 47 87 188. that do not pierce the roofing membrane, but only increase the friction between the washer and the roofing membrane. Relatively high forces arise between the roofing sheets and the underside of the washers, in particular when strong forces occur due to the corresponding suction load on the roofing sheet, which attempts to pull the roofing sheet out from under the fastener or under the washer.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to create a large-area washer with which the damage to roofing sheets in the corner region of the washer can be avoided.
• the corner areas of the washer be arranged outside the sections having the stiffening elements and that they can be elastically bent up to a certain load area by a line intended to be at an acute angle to the two central axes of the washer.
• the corner areas of the washer have the option of moving in the elastic area in order to prevent damage to the roofing membrane. If there is really an excessive amount of force, it would also be conceivable, and this possibility is given that the corner regions deform plastically. As a result, at least one corresponding safety factor is provided, which also takes into account cases with special storm effects. Given the usual wind loads, the corner areas can bend elastically and then always return to their original position.
• a coating increasing the friction and / or protruding engagement elements be formed in the corner regions on the surface pointing in the fastening direction in order to improve the friction and / or the engagement. Since corresponding elements for improving the friction and / or the engagement are formed in these corner areas, the necessary friction or the necessary engagement between the underside of the washer and the upper side of the roofing membrane is always achieved even with a corresponding elastic bending of the corner areas maintain.
• the present invention has made it possible to significantly improve precisely that area of the large-area washers which has repeatedly caused particular problems in the event of damage to the roofing sheets.
• the bendable corner regions of the washer are formed in that the limitation of the stiffening elements runs at least in the corner areas of the washer at an acute angle to both mutually facing side boundaries. So just outside the stiffening elements, a flat, larger area is created, which can be elastically bent.
• the stiffening element is designed as a reinforcing bead which surrounds the central opening in the washer and is circumferentially closed, which in the corner regions of the washer is at an acute angle to both central axes. This ensures that the stiffening element, viewed in the respective axial direction, comes close to the circumferential edge of the washer in order to properly distribute the fastening forces over the length or width of such a washer. At the same time, the possibility has also been created that the corner areas remain elastic and, so to speak, unstiffened.
• engagement elements are formed both at the corner regions and within a section enclosed by a stiffening bead. Corresponding elements for improving the friction and / or the engagement can therefore be arranged distributed over a relatively large area, so that particularly high friction or good engagement between the washer and the roofing membrane is ensured.
• the stiffening elements point counter to the fastening direction, the flat corner regions and the sections of the washer lying between the stiffening elements, with the exception of the region with the opening, being aligned in a common plane lying below the stiffening elements.
• This embodiment ensures a particularly good engagement of the engagement elements, since practically all engagement elements protrude downward from a flat support on the roofing membrane. This is possible because the stiffening elements are directed upwards from the main plane of the washer.
• two or more than two engagement elements in the form of tips, prongs, projections or the like are provided in the corner regions of the washer, at least two of which or three such engaging elements are aligned in a row which runs parallel to the imaginary line for elastic bending of the corner regions.
• a washer in the sense of the invention provides that it is made of a spring steel sheet. Particularly with such an embodiment, even when relatively high suction forces act on the roofing membrane, a large bending area can be achieved in the corner areas of the washer without the washer being plastically deformed.
• FIG. 1 shows a section through an example of use of a large-area washer for fastening insulation layers and roofing membranes
• FIG. 2 shows the same application as in FIG. 1, but with corresponding forces acting on the roofing membrane
• Figure 3 is a large washer in plan view.
• Fig. 5 is a section along the line V-V in Fig. 3;
• FIG. 11 shows a section along the line Xl-Xl in FIG. 10.
• a large-area washer 1 is used to fasten an insulation layer 2 and a roofing membrane 3 covering this to a fixed substructure 4.
• a fastener 6, which in this case is designed as a screw, is inserted into a central opening 5.
• the roofing membrane 3 is attached in each case to an edge region 7, the edge region 8 of a subsequent roofing membrane 3 'covering the screwing positions.
• FIGS. 3 to 5 An embodiment of a special washer 1 is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5.
• the opening 5 for receiving the fastener 6 is formed in a corresponding recess 4, the recess 14 serving to receive the head 15 of the fastener.
• a few engagement elements 13 are provided on the washer 1, which protrude on the underside of the washer 1 and thus ensure an increase in friction with respect to the underlying roofing membrane 3 or a corresponding engagement in this roofing membrane 3.
• stiffening elements 16 are provided in order to achieve a corresponding stiffening of the washer 1 and to bring the forces of the screw up to the respective edges in the area of the central axes.
• stiffening elements 16 are provided.
• tabs 17 can be seen, which are punched out of an opening 20 and bent downward. These tabs 17 can serve as spacers if a large number of washers 1 are stacked one above the other for magazining, and in order to enable a twisting or shifting movement at all.
• corner regions 21 of the washer are arranged outside the sections which have the stiffening elements 16, ie that the corner regions 21 have no particular stiffening by means of reinforcement indentations or beads and / or reinforcement elevations or ribs point.
• these corner areas 21 can be elastically bent up to a certain load area by a line L intended at an acute angle to the two central axes 22 and 23 of the washer 1.
• the corner areas 21 are elastically flexible and can consequently follow changing load appearances.
• the stiffening element 1 6 is designed as a reinforcing bead that surrounds the central opening 5 and is closed circumferentially.
• a small rectilinear section is provided on each of the two long sides, the stiffening element 16 running at an acute angle to both central axes 22, 23 in the direction of the corner regions, that is to say also in the direction of the narrow sides of the washer 1 lying opposite one another.
• the necessary distribution of force up to the edges, ie over the entire length and width of the washer, is ensured by the special arrangement of the stiffening elements 16, the corner regions 21 nevertheless remaining elastically bendable.
• engagement elements 13 are formed only at the corner regions 21, that is to say outside of the section enclosed by the stiffening element 16.
• the washer is of correspondingly large surface area, to also provide corresponding engagement elements 13 within a section lying from a stiffening element.
• the stiffening elements 1 6 point upwards against the fastening direction, that is to say from the plane 24 through the main part of the washer.
• the flat corner regions 21 and the sections 25 between the stiffening elements 16 are aligned with the exception of the region of the depression 14 with the opening 5 in this common plane 24 lying below the stiffening elements 16.
• Fig. 3 it can be seen that three engagement elements 13 are provided in the corner regions 21, which are aligned in a row which runs parallel to the imaginary line L for elastic bending of the corner regions 21. This ensures a strong engagement of the washer in the roofing membrane to be fastened, especially at a short distance from the imaginary bending line.
• further engagement elements 13 can also be provided outside this row, which could also consist of only two such engagement elements 13, if this appears reasonable due to the size and the special design of the corner regions 21.
• an essentially square washer is provided, in which the stiffening elements are arranged in a similar form to that in FIG. 3, but with straight sections of the stiffening elements 16 on all edge regions.
• engagement elements 13 are also present in the section 25 provided within the stiffening elements 16.
• a washer which is approximately square in plan view is again provided, in which case the stiffening elements are also square, circumferentially closed, offset by 90 ° to the edge regions of the washer. This results in somewhat enlarged corner areas 21, so that the imaginary bending line L pushes even further towards the center.
• Such a design is particularly useful if sensitive roofing sheets are used and if a relatively large elastic deflection is possible due to the special material of the washer.
• the embodiment according to FIG. 9 is a washer which is elliptical in plan view, the stiffening elements 16 in this case being arranged in a manner similar to that in the embodiment according to FIG. 3. If one speaks of corner areas 21 in the case of an elliptical washer, then this means the corresponding transition regions between the further and the narrower arches on the longitudinal and narrow sides of this washer.
• the measures described here can be used for large washers, whether they are made of metal or plastic. Corresponding stiffeners can also damage the roofing membrane right up to the corner area of a washer, even in the case of the plastic version. Therefore, the design described here would be particularly advantageous, especially with plastic washers. In the case of a metal version, it would be advantageous to use a spring steel, with which the area in which the corner areas can be bent elastically could be significantly enlarged. There are practically no limits to the design of the stiffening elements, since these can be arranged or shaped independently of the measures described here. It is only necessary to always ensure that the corner regions 21 remain free of such stiffening elements so that they are designed to be elastically bendable.
• engagement elements are arranged or formed on the underside of the washer in the region of the elastically bendable corner regions.
• the elastically bendable corner areas are of course also advantageous for washers which have no engagement elements at all or if e.g. only in these corner areas no engagement elements are provided.
• the elastically bendable corner areas also bring significant new technical effects in themselves compared to the previously common designs of large-area washers, which represent a special advance.
• Engagement elements in the form of tips, prongs, projections or the like can be provided.
• engaging elements in the form of a corresponding coating on the underside of the washer such a coating increasing the friction.
• different inclusions can of course also be provided for further increasing the friction.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 a fastening in the hem area between two abutting roofing sheets is shown.
• An edge area is practically always attached here and the edge area of the next roofing membrane then overlaps this attachment point.
• the large-area washer described here would, however, with a correspondingly additional structural design, also be usable for fastening outside of a covered area, that is to say for free field fastening, in which case corresponding sealing elements would then of course have to be provided.
• corresponding sealing elements would then of course have to be provided.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
• Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
• Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)
• Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=6504731

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Families Citing this family (22)

Family Cites Families (16)

• 1993
  • 1993-12-10 DE DE4342260A patent/DE4342260C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1994
  • 1994-12-05 WO PCT/EP1994/004036 patent/WO1995016086A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1994-12-05 PT PT95902124T patent/PT733140E/pt unknown
  • 1994-12-05 ES ES95902124T patent/ES2146305T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-05 EP EP95902124A patent/EP0733140B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-05 DK DK95902124T patent/DK0733140T3/da active
  • 1994-12-05 AT AT95902124T patent/ATE191046T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1994-12-05 AU AU11096/95A patent/AU1109695A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-12-05 DE DE59409244T patent/DE59409244D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-05 CA CA002178652A patent/CA2178652A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-12-05 US US08/656,292 patent/US5951225A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2000
  • 2000-05-18 GR GR20000401127T patent/GR3033440T3/el not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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