EP0730494B1 - Particles for binding monovalent cations and their use - Google Patents

Particles for binding monovalent cations and their use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0730494B1
EP0730494B1 EP94903130A EP94903130A EP0730494B1 EP 0730494 B1 EP0730494 B1 EP 0730494B1 EP 94903130 A EP94903130 A EP 94903130A EP 94903130 A EP94903130 A EP 94903130A EP 0730494 B1 EP0730494 B1 EP 0730494B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
cations
monovalent cations
modified
particles according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94903130A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0730494A1 (en
Inventor
Annette Notenbomer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Salternate BV
Original Assignee
Salternate BV
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Salternate BV filed Critical Salternate BV
Publication of EP0730494A1 publication Critical patent/EP0730494A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0730494B1 publication Critical patent/EP0730494B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
    • A23L5/273—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption using adsorption or absorption agents, resins, synthetic polymers, or ion exchangers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J47/018—Granulation; Incorporation of ion-exchangers in a matrix; Mixing with inert materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to particles for binding monovalent cations, in particular microcapsules comprising
  • Another method for the medical treatment of such a patient is to administrate the patient, preferably after consumption of sodium, a desalinating agent capable of absorbing an excess of sodium ions which may be an acidic ion exchange resin or a weakly acidic ion exchange resin in the potassium form or in the hydrogen form with the object of removing or mitigating the adverse influences caused by the sodium ions when the patient takes an ordinary meal containing salt in order to give it an acceptable taste.
  • ion exchange resins are of course inherently not edible and extremely unpalatable for the patients, but also toxic since the resin binds bivalent ions and also other essential compounds. Accordingly, it has been eagerly desired to develop a desalinating agent which in itself is a food ingredient of good palatability and not harmful to humans and animals.
  • EP-B-0 150 574 relates to the use of marine algae as desalinating agents. These materials should, however, be used in relatively large amounts. For instance, for each g of sodium chloride an amount of at least about 20 g of marine algae is needed.
  • the algae material is viscous and bulky since it will be saturated with water, several fold in weight compared to its own weight.
  • the marine algae product is not a reliable desalinating agent in view of lacking stability in the digestive tract.
  • a further disadvantage is that salt will be instantaneously absorbed, which has an adverse effect on the taste. Furthermore bivalent cations will be bound and removed from the body which might lead to mineral exhaustion (depletion).
  • a method for reducing the salt content of foodstuff solutions and suspensions is described in CH-003158.
  • an ion exchange resin is present in a permeable sachet, made of natural or synthetic fiber sheet, filter paper, porous plastics or perforated metal sheet.
  • the exchange resin contains calcium, potassium or ammonium ions and the sachet is only half-filled.
  • US-A-4 118 336 and US-A-4 123 381 relate to microcapsules of the type as mentioned in the preamble and a process for producing such microcapsules.
  • the cellulose microcapsules comprise an outer semipermeable layer of cellulose and an inner adsorbant which may be an ion exchange resin.
  • an ion exchange resin As specific examples Amberlite CG-50 (a cation exchange resin) and IRA 401 (anion exchange resin) are mentioned.
  • a material consisting of particles for binding monovalent cations, in particular microcapsules, comprising
  • the particles according to the invention are a safe means to absorb from the human body specific amounts of sodium in order to allow the consumption of sodium in the diet.
  • a specific amount of sodium is absorbed by the microcapsules and removed from the body.
  • a specific amount of sodium is absorbed while the same amount of added sodium is present in the foodstuff. In this way an overdosis of the cation exchanging material can never be administered.
  • a surprising advantage of this invention is that the sodium concentration in several parts of the intestinal tract is relatively high (100 mM and higher) so that a strong driving force for the exchange is present. This concentration is (much) higher than the sodium concentration in most foods, the bivalent ion concentration and the K + concentrations being relatively low.
  • an ion exchanging material will be encapsulated in an ion selective membrane resulting in the particles of the invention. These particles will absorb sodium ions on passage through the intestinal tract and the sodium loaded particles will subsequently be removed from the body simultaneously with the faeces. Bivalent cations or higher valent cations are far less efficiently removed by the particles of the invention; according to an aspect of the present invention the membrane is almost not permeable for di- or higher valent cations, the permeation rate of monovalent cations being preferably at least 10 times greater, in particular at least 20 times greater.
  • the cation exchanging material being present in the particles of the invention comprises all types of ion exchanging polymers such as synthetic and natural polymers, food grade and non-food grade materials, strongly charged and weakly charged, biodegradable and persistent, fast as well as slowly absorbing monomers as well as polymers.
  • the cation exchanging material has been selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylates, polymaleinates, polyacrylates, polyacrylate-co-maleinates and polyphosphates having ion exchanging capacity such as polyphosphates which may be soluble in water or not, (modified) polysaccharides, (modified) cellulose, (modified) starch, (modified) pectine, (modified) alginate and sulphonated polystyrenes such as Dowex 18880, Dowex 50 X 8, Dowex 8505, Dowex MSC-1, Amberlite 200, Amberlite CG-120, Amberlite IRP-69.
  • the cation exchanging material is in the monovalent ion form and contains ions such as K + , H + , NH 4 and Na + . If the cation exchanging material is in a higher valent form, e.g. the Ca ++ form, it will be difficult to have an efficient exchange of ions through a membrane which will be more permeable for monovalent cations than for bi- or higher valent cations.
  • the Ca ++ and Mg ++ that will be absorbed by the particles of this invention can be compensated by the packing of (minute) amounts of Ca ++ /Mg ++ on the outside of the particles.
  • the particles of the present invention are preferably in the form of microcapsules, which will generally have a diameter in the range of 0.001-10 mm, preferably of 0.01-10 mm.
  • the outer surface of the coating of the particles can be treated with a surface-active substance (surfactant), in general a physiologically acceptable detergent.
  • a surface-active substance surfactant
  • a physiologically acceptable detergent By such a detergent the particles do not stick together so that it can be applied better to various foodstuffs.
  • the particles of the present invention may comprise all thinkable combinations of a hard or a soft nucleus (granule) with a hard or a soft coating.
  • the particles of the invention may be treated with bivalent metal ions such as Ca ++ or Mg ++ (i.e. in a solution of a calcium and/or magnesium salt) in order to inactivate "leaking" particles.
  • bivalent metal ions such as Ca ++ or Mg ++ (i.e. in a solution of a calcium and/or magnesium salt) in order to inactivate "leaking" particles.
  • the invention relates also to the in vitro use of the particles of the invention as described above for binding monovalent cations.
  • the particles of the invention may also be used for removing sodium ions from foodstuff including food additives just before consumption or, if desired, before packaging of the foodstuff.
  • the particles of the invention may also be used as "table top” salt.
  • the particles of the invention are mixed with sodium chloride resulting in a table top salt which has the taste of salt but not the disadvantages of sodium ions in the body.
  • a table top salt which has the taste of salt but not the disadvantages of sodium ions in the body.
  • the particles of the invention can also be used successivefully in fodder for animals, not only for lowering Na + , but also K + which is e.g. required in fodders for pigs and poultry to lower the water secretion. Manures with significantly lower water contents are desired in order to lower transport, storage and treatment costs of (excess) manure.
  • the particles of the invention can also be used in or as pharmaceutical compositions for lowering monovalent cation levels, in particular sodium end potassium ion levels in humans and animals respectively.
  • the invention relates also to a method for preparing monovalent cations containing foodstuff, food additives or pharmaceutical compositions destined to be consumed by humans or animals, with the use of the abovementioned particles and foodstuff, food additives or pharmaceutical compositions containing the above-mentioned particles.
  • the invention also relates to a method removing sodium and/or potassium and/or ammonium ions from products containing such cations, for instance foodstuffs or food additives, wherein the fore-going particles are added to said products, in the case of food products prior to consumption thereof.
  • the invention also relates to a method for keeping a natural salty Na + taste, in combination with a low Na + uptake by the application of particles or microcapsules as defined in the above.
  • the invention also comprises the pharmaceutical use of the particles of the invention, for instance in the form of pills or tablets. It will be evident that such pills or tablets may have various diameters, e.g. in the range of 5-50 mm. In such a use a pill having a diameter of e.g. 25 mm may be dissolved in water prior to swallowing it.
  • the invention also relates to a method for scavenging sodium and/or potassium and/or ammonion ions from solutions in which other cations are present.
  • the air velocity is regulated by inlet and exit dampers to keep constant relative bed expansion of the order of magnitude of 1.6 corresponding to an air velocity of about 1 m/sec during mixing and the last part of the drying phase.
  • the drying was controlled by measuring the difference in temperature between the product and the wet bulb and terminated at a product temperature of about 5 C above the wet bulb temperature of the drying air.
  • Particle size of more than 90% of the total weight of the polyphosphate was between 20 and 100 micrometers.
  • the spraying of binder solution was started.
  • the outlet humidity quickly increased to a maximum after which it dropped slightly and was constant during the rest of the spraying time.
  • the granules were cooled by evaporation of the moisture from the surface and when this was saturated by the binder solution the product temperature remained at the wet bulb temperature which depends on the temperature and humidity of the drying air.
  • the binder solution was carboxymethylcellulose (7L1, Hercules) at a concentration of 3%.
  • the application rate was 150 ml per minute.
  • Granulation was carried out for 30 minutes. After granulation the temperature of the inlet air was raised to increase the rate of drying.
  • the desired inlet air temperature during granulation phase was 40°C and during drying phase 60°C.
  • Granule size distribution was determined by sieve analysis with a rotating sieve shaker (Retsch, model 330). The granules had an average particle size of 290 micrometer in diameter.
  • the polyphosphate particles are coated using a fluidized bed coating method, better known as the 'Wurster' method.
  • a Wurster column is characterized by the positioning of the spray nozzle at the base of the coating chamber, and spraying of the coating occurs cocurrent with the gas stream.
  • the apparatus consists of a vertical, somewhat conical column.
  • a gas preferably nitrogen
  • a gas is introduced at the base or constricted part of the column at a velocity high enough to suspend the particles.
  • a solution of cellulose acetate dissolved in acetone is introduced using a spray nozzle.
  • the gas velocity in the flared part of the column is greatly decreased, so the particles cannot be supported in this region and they fall outward and downward into the constricted region where they are again lifted by the gas flow.
  • the polymer flow through the spray nozzle is shut down and the gas flow continues until the particles are sufficiently dry. The air flow is cut off and the coated product falls to the bottom of the apparatus for collection.
  • 40g of the dried particles is stirred in a 100 ml portion of an aqueous solution that is 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM KCl and 2 mM CaCl 2 for various periods of time. After this time the particles are filtered off and the concentration of the metal ions are analysed in each of the filtrate. incubation time (minutes) Ion concentration (mM) in the filtrate Na K Ca 1 98 15 2.0 30 91 21 2.1 60 83 31 1.9 120 68 44 2.0 240 43 72 1.9 480 11 103 1.8
  • coated particles (g) Na concentration (mM) 40 11 20 11 10 13 5 63 2 72
  • coated particles from example 2 are mixed with the standard salt and taste ingredients that are used to enhance the taste of potato crisps. 100 gram portions of crisps are baked in oil and then powdered with the mixtures that have different ratios of the coated particles and NaCl. The particles stick almost all to the crisps at the time the oil is not yet absorbed by the crisp. The NaCl that is powdered on a portion of 100 gram is 1.0 gram.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
EP94903130A 1993-11-25 1993-11-25 Particles for binding monovalent cations and their use Expired - Lifetime EP0730494B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/NL1993/000252 WO1995014531A1 (en) 1993-11-25 1993-11-25 Particles for binding monovalent cations, use of such particles as well as methods for scavenging and removing sodium and/or potassium ions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0730494A1 EP0730494A1 (en) 1996-09-11
EP0730494B1 true EP0730494B1 (en) 1998-02-04

Family

ID=19862049

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94903130A Expired - Lifetime EP0730494B1 (en) 1993-11-25 1993-11-25 Particles for binding monovalent cations and their use

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5718920A (es)
EP (1) EP0730494B1 (es)
JP (1) JPH09506342A (es)
AT (1) ATE162958T1 (es)
AU (1) AU679708B2 (es)
DE (1) DE69316933T2 (es)
DK (1) DK0730494T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2112516T3 (es)
FI (1) FI962203A (es)
GR (1) GR3026090T3 (es)
WO (1) WO1995014531A1 (es)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7429394B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2008-09-30 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding compositions
US7488495B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2009-02-10 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding polymers and uses thereof
US7556799B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2009-07-07 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding polymers and uses thereof
AU2005231383B2 (en) * 2004-03-30 2010-06-10 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding compositions
US8192758B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2012-06-05 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding compositions
AU2010214729B2 (en) * 2004-03-30 2012-08-16 Vifor Pharma Technology Ltd. Ion binding polymers and uses thereof
US8283338B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2012-10-09 Kao Corporation GIP secretion inhibitor
US8282960B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2012-10-09 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding compositions
US8338389B2 (en) 2009-06-17 2012-12-25 Kao Corporation Agent for preventing or ameliorating obesity
AU2006299449B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2013-07-04 Relypsa, Inc. Methods and compositions for selectively removing potassium ion from the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal

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US20020054903A1 (en) * 1999-10-19 2002-05-09 Joseph Tyler Direct compression polymer tablet core
US6733780B1 (en) 1999-10-19 2004-05-11 Genzyme Corporation Direct compression polymer tablet core
AU780873B2 (en) * 2000-01-14 2005-04-21 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Inhibitors against sodium ion absorption, and preventive or therapeutic agents and foods containing the same
US7985418B2 (en) 2004-11-01 2011-07-26 Genzyme Corporation Aliphatic amine polymer salts for tableting
US20060177415A1 (en) * 2004-11-01 2006-08-10 Burke Steven K Once a day formulation for phosphate binders
US8986669B2 (en) * 2005-09-02 2015-03-24 Genzyme Corporation Method for removing phosphate and polymer used therefore
EP3000460A1 (en) 2005-09-15 2016-03-30 Genzyme Corporation Sachet formulation for amine polymers
WO2007038801A2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Ilypsa, Inc. Monovalent cation-binding compositions comprising core-shell particles having crosslinked poly-vinylic shells, and methods of use thereof
GB2446076B (en) * 2005-09-30 2010-11-24 Ilypsa Inc Methods for preparing core-shell composites having cross-linked shells and core-shell composites resulting therefrom
JP2009536246A (ja) * 2006-05-05 2009-10-08 ゲンズイメ コーポレーション ホスフェート捕捉剤としてのアミン縮合重合体
WO2008011047A2 (en) * 2006-07-18 2008-01-24 Genzyme Corporation Amine dendrimers
JP2010504975A (ja) 2006-09-29 2010-02-18 ゲンズイメ コーポレーション アミドデンドリマー組成物
BRPI0720234A2 (pt) 2006-12-14 2013-12-24 Genzyme Corp Composição farmacêutica
WO2008103368A1 (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Genzyme Corporation Amine polymer compositions
EP2131820A1 (en) * 2007-03-08 2009-12-16 Genzyme Corporation Sulfone polymer compositions
EP2152277A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2010-02-17 Genzyme Corporation Amido-amine dendrimer compositions
US20100316589A1 (en) * 2007-12-14 2010-12-16 Hitesh Bhagat Coated Pharmaceutical Compositions
WO2009154747A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-23 Genzyme Corporation Pharmaceutical compositions
US8337824B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2012-12-25 Relypsa, Inc. Linear polyol stabilized polyfluoroacrylate compositions
US20100104527A1 (en) * 2008-08-22 2010-04-29 Relypsa, Inc. Treating hyperkalemia with crosslinked cation exchange polymers of improved physical properties
GB2475657B (en) * 2008-08-22 2013-05-29 Relypsa Inc Crosslinked cation exchange polymers, compositions and use in treating hyperkalemia
KR20150088243A (ko) 2012-10-08 2015-07-31 리립사, 인크. 고혈압 및 고칼륨혈증을 치료하기 위한 칼륨-결합제

Family Cites Families (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118336A (en) * 1974-03-25 1978-10-03 Toyo Jozo Company, Ltd. Novel cellulose microcapsules and preparation thereof
JPS5344155B2 (es) * 1974-05-29 1978-11-27
US4123381A (en) * 1975-02-20 1978-10-31 Toyo Jozo Company, Ltd. Process for producing cellulose microcapsules, and resulting cellulose microcapsules

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8445014B2 (en) * 2004-03-30 2013-05-21 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding compositions
US8192758B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2012-06-05 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding compositions
US7556799B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2009-07-07 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding polymers and uses thereof
AU2005231383B2 (en) * 2004-03-30 2010-06-10 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding compositions
AU2010214729B2 (en) * 2004-03-30 2012-08-16 Vifor Pharma Technology Ltd. Ion binding polymers and uses thereof
US7854924B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2010-12-21 Relypsa, Inc. Methods and compositions for treatment of ion imbalances
US7488495B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2009-02-10 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding polymers and uses thereof
US8475780B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2013-07-02 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding polymers and uses thereof
US7776319B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2010-08-17 Relypsa, Inc. Methods and compositions for treatment of ion imbalances
US8282960B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2012-10-09 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding compositions
US7429394B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2008-09-30 Relypsa, Inc. Ion binding compositions
US8409561B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2013-04-02 Relypsa, Inc. Methods and compositions for treatment of ion imbalances
US8617609B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2013-12-31 Relypsa, Inc. Methods and compositions for selectively removing potassium ion from the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal
AU2006299449B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2013-07-04 Relypsa, Inc. Methods and compositions for selectively removing potassium ion from the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal
US8283338B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2012-10-09 Kao Corporation GIP secretion inhibitor
US8338389B2 (en) 2009-06-17 2012-12-25 Kao Corporation Agent for preventing or ameliorating obesity

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE162958T1 (de) 1998-02-15
EP0730494A1 (en) 1996-09-11
DK0730494T3 (da) 1998-09-23
JPH09506342A (ja) 1997-06-24
FI962203A0 (fi) 1996-05-24
DE69316933T2 (de) 1998-05-28
WO1995014531A1 (en) 1995-06-01
ES2112516T3 (es) 1998-04-01
FI962203A (fi) 1996-07-22
DE69316933D1 (de) 1998-03-12
AU679708B2 (en) 1997-07-10
GR3026090T3 (en) 1998-05-29
AU5719394A (en) 1995-06-13
US5718920A (en) 1998-02-17

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