EP0728945B1 - Axial piston machine - Google Patents

Axial piston machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0728945B1
EP0728945B1 EP96101283A EP96101283A EP0728945B1 EP 0728945 B1 EP0728945 B1 EP 0728945B1 EP 96101283 A EP96101283 A EP 96101283A EP 96101283 A EP96101283 A EP 96101283A EP 0728945 B1 EP0728945 B1 EP 0728945B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
piston machine
axial piston
cylinder drum
cylinder
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP96101283A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0728945A1 (en
Inventor
Jochen Beck
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Brueninghaus Hydromatik GmbH
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Brueninghaus Hydromatik GmbH
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Publication of EP0728945A1 publication Critical patent/EP0728945A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/22Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons
    • F04B1/24Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons inclined to the main shaft axis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an axial piston machine according to the preamble of Claim 1.
  • DE-OS 41 28 615 and DE-OS 42 15 869 is an axial piston machine is known in which by means of structurally complex pumping devices in the Leakage oil line or in the housing leakage oil is sucked out to prevent splashing to reduce.
  • An axial piston machine goes for. B. from the US-A-2733666.
  • a rotatably mounted cylinder drum with axial cylinder bores, in which Pistons are each slidably received, which are supported on a lifting disc.
  • the cylinder drum is at its stroke end of an axially extending Surround the sleeve body, the space between the cylinder drum and the Lifting disc partially covered.
  • the object is in connection with the characterizing features of claim 1 solved with the generic features.
  • the wings preferably extend between the the cylinder bores protruding piston sections up to a pitch circle that the same or a smaller diameter than the inner circle from the Has cylinder bores protruding piston sections.
  • the axial piston machine shown in Figure 1 is a reversible Inclined axis machine with adjustable displacement and includes in a housing 1, a housing end plate 2, a drive shaft 3, a drive or lifting disk 4, one Control body 5 with an associated adjusting device 6 and a cylinder drum 7, to which a sleeve 8 is attached according to the invention.
  • the housing 1 comprises a housing end wall 9 on one side closed cylindrical housing section and an adjacent to this elliptical housing section, which one of the housing end wall 9 has facing away open end through the housing end plate. 2 is closed.
  • the radius of the right half of the cross section in FIG elliptical housing section takes a constant radius of the left Half of the housing cross-section in the direction of the housing end plate 2 constantly to; the constant radius of the left half of the housing cross-section is equal to that Radius of the cylindrical housing section.
  • a leakage oil connection 10 which is a leakage oil line, is formed in the housing section connects to the tank (both not shown).
  • the drive shaft 3 passes through a formed in the housing end wall 9 Through hole and is by means of two tapered roller bearings 11, 12 in cylindrical housing section rotatably mounted.
  • the one in the housing 1 free end of the drive shaft 3 is formed in one piece provided flange-like extension, which forms the lifting disc 4.
  • the control body 5 is a so-called control lens of biconvex shape, which in a circular support and pivot bearing 13 in the housing end plate 2 is arranged displaceably and within this camp by means of Adjustment device 6 can be fixed in any desired position. Adjustable stops 14, 15 limit the adjustment range of the control body 5.
  • In the control body 5 are two in a known manner one on the other Pitch circle opposite control kidneys, not shown, formed with the pressure port and the suction port (also not shown) the Axial piston machine are connected.
  • the adjusting device 6 is used to change the displacement volume Axial piston machine provided and does not include a pin 16 and one Shown actuator rod, which is also in a radial bore, not shown is guided displaceably in the housing end plate 2.
  • the pin 16 is attached to the control rod and engages in a through hole 17 in Control body 5 a.
  • the cylinder drum 7 is between the lifting disc 4 and the control body 5 arranged. It is supported in a known manner with hydrostatic support a concave bearing surface on the associated convex control surface of the Control body 5 rotatably and can thus kinematically on the latter adjust freely so that there is a high degree of parallelism between their bearing surface and the control surface of the control body 5 is reached.
  • Axial cylinder bores evenly distributed on a pitch circle 18 are formed in a known manner in the cylinder drum 7 and open out on the flat end face facing the lifting disk 4. At the concave bearing surface of the cylinder drum 7 open these cylinder bores 18th via outlet channels 19 on the pitch circle of the control kidneys.
  • Cylinder bores 18 are arranged so that pistons 20 can be moved back and forth. Your free ends protruding from the cylinder bores 18 are over Ball joints rotatably connected to the lifting disc 4. Every ball joint consists of a at the free end of the associated piston 20th trained ball head 21 and one formed in the lifting disc 4 Hollow ball section in which the ball head 21 is rotatably received. A so-called. Retaining device 22 keeps the ball heads within the Hollow ball sections.
  • a compression spring 24 which also by means of a ball joint mounted in the lifting disc 4, protruding into the through hole 23 and the center drum 25 guiding the cylinder drum 7 on the lifting disk 4 supports and thus the cylinder drum 7 in contact with the control body 4th holds when there are no oil pressure forces.
  • the cylinder drum 7 together with the piston 20 is rotated via the drive shaft 3. If, by actuating the adjusting device 6, the cylinder drum 7 has been pivoted into an inclined position with respect to the lifting disc 4, so that it assumes, for example, the maximum pivoting angle ⁇ max shown in FIG. 1, which corresponds to the maximum displacement volume of the axial piston machine, then all the pistons carry out 20 lifting movements; upon rotation of the cylinder drum 7 through 360 °, each piston 20 passes through a suction and a compression stroke, corresponding oil flows being generated, the supply and discharge of which via the outlet channels 19, the control kidneys and the suction and pressure channel.
  • the moving parts leak oil from the leak gaps, especially during the Compression stroke from the cylinder bores 18, from, fills the free space, the so-called leakage oil chamber of the housing 1 and flows through the leakage oil connection 10 and the drain line to the tank.
  • the leakage oil is located in the leakage oil chamber in this leakage oil line Overpressure, so that the parts rotating in it, especially those like that Playpen of a turbomachine acting piston sections between the Lifting disc 4 and the cylinder drum 7 correspondingly high splash losses cause that reduce the efficiency of the axial piston machine.
  • the design of the sleeve section 28 with a continuously increasing diameter in the direction of the lifting disk 4 is selected in order to pivot the cylinder drum 7 in both swivel directions up to the maximum swivel angle defined by the respective stop 14 or 15 in the present exemplary embodiment given the spatial conditions within the housing 1 to enable; for the same reason the free edge of the sleeve section 28 facing the lifting disk 4 lies in a plane perpendicular to the sleeve axis.
  • the axial dimension of the space 29 increases on the cross-sectional half corresponding to the swivel direction (cf. FIG.
  • the sleeve 8 can be designed such that it covers the space 29 sufficiently even at the maximum swivel angle: in the case of non-reversible swashplate type axial piston machines that can be swiveled out only in one swivel direction, with the swashplate or lifting disc attached Sleeve or in swashplate machines with constant displacement, the free end of sleeve 8 may be cut obliquely so as to avoid the overlap-free area, so that it lies in an inclined plane corresponding to the maximum or constant swivel angle.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Axialkolbenmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to an axial piston machine according to the preamble of Claim 1.

Bei hydrostatischen Maschinen, wie sie beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 36 38 890 bekannt sind, ist die im Betrieb auftretende innere Leckage dafür verantwortlich, daß das Gehäuse ständig mit Lecköl gefüllt ist, das über eine mit dem Leckölanschluß verbundene Leckölleitung zum Tank hin abgeführt wird. Das Lecköl steht aufgrund der Strömungswiderstände in dieser Leckölleitung im Gehäuse unter Überdruck, so daß die sich im Lecköl drehenden Triebwerksteile, insbesondere die wie ein Laufgitter einer Strömungsmaschine wirkenden Kolbenabschnitte zwischen der Zylindertrommel und der Hubscheibe, entsprechende Planschverluste hervorrufen.In hydrostatic machines, such as those from the DE-PS 36 38 890 are known, the internal leakage occurring during operation responsible for ensuring that the housing is constantly filled with leakage oil via a leak oil line connected to the drain port to the tank is dissipated. The leakage oil is in this due to the flow resistance Leakage oil line in the housing under excess pressure, so that it is in the leakage oil rotating engine parts, especially those like a playpen Turbomachine acting piston sections between the cylinder drum and the lifting disc, cause corresponding splashing losses.

Aus der DE-OS 41 28 615 und DE-OS 42 15 869 ist je eine Axialkolbenmaschine bekannt, bei der mittels konstruktiv aufwendiger Pumpeinrichtungen in der Leckölleitung bzw. im Gehäuse Lecköl abgesaugt wird, um die Planschverluste zu reduzieren. From DE-OS 41 28 615 and DE-OS 42 15 869 is an axial piston machine is known in which by means of structurally complex pumping devices in the Leakage oil line or in the housing leakage oil is sucked out to prevent splashing to reduce.

Eine Axialkolbenmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 geht z. B. aus der US-A-2733666 hervor. In dem Gehäuse dieser bekannten Axialkolbenmaschine ist eine drehbar gelagerte Zylindertrommel mit axialen Zylinderbohrungen angeordnet, in denen jeweils Kolben verschiebbar aufgenommen sind, die sich an einer Hubscheibe abstützen. Die Zylindertrommel ist an ihrem hubseitigen Ende von einem sich axial erstreckenden Hülsen-Körper umgeben, der einen Raum zwischen der Zylindertrommel und der Hubscheibe teilweise überdeckt.An axial piston machine according to the preamble of claim 1 goes for. B. from the US-A-2733666. In the housing of this known axial piston machine is a rotatably mounted cylinder drum with axial cylinder bores, in which Pistons are each slidably received, which are supported on a lifting disc. The cylinder drum is at its stroke end of an axially extending Surround the sleeve body, the space between the cylinder drum and the Lifting disc partially covered.

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Axialkolbenmaschine der eingangs genannten Art so weiterzubilden, daß Planschverluste mit geringem konstruktiven Aufwand soweit als möglich reduziert werden.It is the object of the invention, an axial piston machine of the type mentioned to further develop that splashing losses with little constructive effort as far as possible to be reduced.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 in Verbindung mit den gattungsbildenden Merkmalen gelöst.The object is in connection with the characterizing features of claim 1 solved with the generic features.

Gemäß der Erfindung sind an der inneren Wandungsfläche der Hülse radial nach innen verlaufende Flügel angebracht. Die Flügel erstrecken sich vorzugsweise zwischen den aus den Zylinderbohrungen herausragenden Kolbenabschnitten bis zu einem Teilkreis, der den gleichen oder einen kleineren Durchmesser als der Innenkreis der aus den Zylinderbohrungen herausragenden Kolbenabschnitte aufweist. According to the invention are on the inner wall surface of the sleeve radially inwards trending wings attached. The wings preferably extend between the the cylinder bores protruding piston sections up to a pitch circle that the same or a smaller diameter than the inner circle from the Has cylinder bores protruding piston sections.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den verbleibenden Unteransprüchen.Further features and advantages of the invention result from the remaining ones Subclaims.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Axialkolbenmaschine im Axialschnitt, an deren Zylindertrommel eine Hülse in einer ersten Ausgestaltung befestigt ist,
Fig. 2
die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Zylindertrommel im Axialschnitt, an der eine Hülse in einer zweiten Ausgestaltung befestigt ist, und
Fig. 3
die in Figur 2 gezeigte Zylindertrommel bei Betrachtung von rechts in Figur 2.
The invention is described in more detail below on the basis of a preferred exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
an axial piston machine in axial section, on the cylinder drum of which a sleeve is fastened in a first embodiment,
Fig. 2
the cylinder drum shown in Fig. 1 in axial section, to which a sleeve is attached in a second embodiment, and
Fig. 3
the cylinder drum shown in Figure 2 when viewed from the right in Figure 2.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Axialkolbenmaschine ist eine reversierbare Schrägachsenmaschine mit verstellbarem Verdrängungsvolumen und umfaßt in bekannter Weise als wesentliche Bauteile ein Gehäuse 1, eine Gehäuse-Abschlußplatte 2, eine Triebwelle 3, eine Trieb- oder Hubscheibe 4, einen Steuerkörper 5 mit zugeordneter Verstelleinrichtung 6 und eine Zylindertrommel 7, an der eine Hülse 8 gemäß der Erfindung befestigt ist.The axial piston machine shown in Figure 1 is a reversible Inclined axis machine with adjustable displacement and includes in a housing 1, a housing end plate 2, a drive shaft 3, a drive or lifting disk 4, one Control body 5 with an associated adjusting device 6 and a cylinder drum 7, to which a sleeve 8 is attached according to the invention.

Das Gehäuse 1 umfaßt einen durch eine Gehäuse-Stirnwand 9 einseitig verschlossenen zylindrischen Gehäuseabschnitt und einen an diesen angrenzenden ellipsenförmigen Gehäuseabschnitt, der ein der Gehäuse-Stirnwand 9 abgewandtes offenes Ende aufweist, das durch die Gehäuse-Abschlußplatte 2 verschlossen ist. Der Radius der in Figur 1 rechten Querschnittshälfte des ellipsenförmigen Gehäuseabschnitts nimmt bei konstantem Radius der linken Gehäusequerschnittshälfte in Richtung der Gehäuse-Abschlußplatte 2 ständig zu; der konstante Radius der linken Gehäusequerschnittshälfte ist gleich dem Radius des zylindrischen Gehäuseabschnitts. In den unmittelbar an diesen zylindrischen Gehäuseabschnitt angrenzenden Bereich des ellipsenförmigen Gehäuseabschnitts ist ein Leckölanschluß 10 ausgebildet, den eine Leckölleitung mit dem Tank (beide nicht gezeigt) verbindet.The housing 1 comprises a housing end wall 9 on one side closed cylindrical housing section and an adjacent to this elliptical housing section, which one of the housing end wall 9 has facing away open end through the housing end plate. 2 is closed. The radius of the right half of the cross section in FIG elliptical housing section takes a constant radius of the left Half of the housing cross-section in the direction of the housing end plate 2 constantly to; the constant radius of the left half of the housing cross-section is equal to that Radius of the cylindrical housing section. In the immediately adjacent to this cylindrical housing section adjacent area of the elliptical A leakage oil connection 10, which is a leakage oil line, is formed in the housing section connects to the tank (both not shown).

Die Triebwelle 3 durchsetzt eine in der Gehäuse-Stirnwand 9 ausgebildete Durchgangsbohrung und ist mittels zweier Kegelrollen-Lager 11, 12 im zylindrischen Gehäuseabschnitt drehbar gelagert. Das im Gehäuse 1 befindliche freie Ende der Triebwelle 3 ist mit einer einteilig angeformten flanschartigen Erweiterung versehen, die die Hubscheibe 4 bildet.The drive shaft 3 passes through a formed in the housing end wall 9 Through hole and is by means of two tapered roller bearings 11, 12 in cylindrical housing section rotatably mounted. The one in the housing 1 free end of the drive shaft 3 is formed in one piece provided flange-like extension, which forms the lifting disc 4.

Der Steuerkörper 5 ist eine sog. Steuerlinse von bikonvexer Form, die in einem kreisbahnförmigen Stütz- und Schwenklager 13 in der Gehäuse-Abschlußplatte 2 verschiebbar angeordnet ist und innerhalb dieses Lagers mittels der Verstelleinrichtung 6 in jeder gewünschten Stellung fixiert werden kann. Verstellbare Anschläge 14, 15 begrenzen den Verstellbereich des Steuerkörpers 5. Im Steuerkörper 5 sind in bekannter Weise zwei einander auf einem Teilkreis gegenüberliegende, nicht gezeigte Steuernieren ausgebildet, die mit dem Druckstutzen und dem Saugstutzen (ebenfalls nicht gezeigt) der Axialkolbenmaschine verbunden sind.The control body 5 is a so-called control lens of biconvex shape, which in a circular support and pivot bearing 13 in the housing end plate 2 is arranged displaceably and within this camp by means of Adjustment device 6 can be fixed in any desired position. Adjustable stops 14, 15 limit the adjustment range of the control body 5. In the control body 5 are two in a known manner one on the other Pitch circle opposite control kidneys, not shown, formed with the pressure port and the suction port (also not shown) the Axial piston machine are connected.

Die Verstelleinrichtung 6 ist zur Veränderung des Verdrängungsvolumens der Axialkolbenmaschine vorgesehen und umfaßt einen Zapfen 16 sowie eine nicht gezeigte Stellstange, die in einer ebenfalls nicht gezeigten Radialbohrung in der Gehäuse-Abschlußplatte 2 verschiebbar geführt ist. Der Zapfen 16 ist an der Stellstange befestigt und greift in eine Durchgangsbohrung 17 im Steuerkörper 5 ein.The adjusting device 6 is used to change the displacement volume Axial piston machine provided and does not include a pin 16 and one Shown actuator rod, which is also in a radial bore, not shown is guided displaceably in the housing end plate 2. The pin 16 is attached to the control rod and engages in a through hole 17 in Control body 5 a.

Die Zylindertrommel 7 ist zwischen der Hubscheibe 4 und dem Steuerkörper 5 angeordnet. Sie stützt sich, in bekannter Weise hydrostatisch gelagert, mit einer konkaven Lagerfläche an der zugeordneten konvexen Steuerfläche des Steuerkörpers 5 drehbar ab und kann sich somit auf letzterem kinematisch frei einstellen, so daß eine hohe Parallelität zwischen ihrer Lagerfläche und der Steuerfläche des Steuerkörpers 5 erreicht wird.The cylinder drum 7 is between the lifting disc 4 and the control body 5 arranged. It is supported in a known manner with hydrostatic support a concave bearing surface on the associated convex control surface of the Control body 5 rotatably and can thus kinematically on the latter adjust freely so that there is a high degree of parallelism between their bearing surface and the control surface of the control body 5 is reached.

Axial verlaufende und gleichmäßig auf einem Teilkreis verteilte Zylinderbohrungen 18 sind in bekannter Weise in der Zylindertrommel 7 ausgebildet und münden an deren der Hubscheibe 4 zugewandten ebenen Stirnfläche aus. An der konkaven Lagerfläche der Zylindertrommel 7 münden diese Zylinderbohrungen 18 über Mündungskanäle 19 auf dem Teilkreis der Steuernieren aus. In den Zylinderbohrungen 18 sind Kolben 20 hin- und herbewegbar angeordnet. Ihre aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18 herausragenden freien Enden sind über Kugelgelenke drehmitnehmbar mit der Hubscheibe 4 verbunden. Jedes Kugelgelenk besteht aus einem am freien Ende des zugeordneten Kolbens 20 ausgebildeten Kugelkopf 21 und einem in der Hubscheibe 4 ausgebildeten Hohlkugelabschnitt, in dem der Kugelkopf 21 drehbeweglich aufgenommen ist. Eine sog. Rückhalteeinrichtung 22 hält die Kugelköpfe innerhalb der Hohlkugelabschnitte.Axial cylinder bores evenly distributed on a pitch circle 18 are formed in a known manner in the cylinder drum 7 and open out on the flat end face facing the lifting disk 4. At the concave bearing surface of the cylinder drum 7 open these cylinder bores 18th via outlet channels 19 on the pitch circle of the control kidneys. In the Cylinder bores 18 are arranged so that pistons 20 can be moved back and forth. Your free ends protruding from the cylinder bores 18 are over Ball joints rotatably connected to the lifting disc 4. Every ball joint consists of a at the free end of the associated piston 20th trained ball head 21 and one formed in the lifting disc 4 Hollow ball section in which the ball head 21 is rotatably received. A so-called. Retaining device 22 keeps the ball heads within the Hollow ball sections.

In einer zentralen, abgestuften Durchgangsbohrung 23 in der Zylindertrommel 7 sitzt eine Druckfeder 24, die einen ebenfalls mittels eines Kugelgelenkes in der Hubscheibe 4 gelagerten, in die Durchgangsbohrung 23 hineinragenden und die Zylindertrommel 7 führenden Mittelzapfen 25 an der Hubscheibe 4 abstützt und somit die Zylindertrommel 7 in Anlage an den Steuerkörper 4 hält, wenn keine Öldruckkräfte auftreten.In a central, stepped through bore 23 in the cylinder drum 7 sits a compression spring 24, which also by means of a ball joint mounted in the lifting disc 4, protruding into the through hole 23 and the center drum 25 guiding the cylinder drum 7 on the lifting disk 4 supports and thus the cylinder drum 7 in contact with the control body 4th holds when there are no oil pressure forces.

Bei Betrieb der Axialkolbenmaschine z.B. als Pumpe wird über die Triebwelle 3 die Zylindertrommel 7 mitsamt den Kolben 20 in Drehung versetzt. Wenn durch Betätigung der Verstelleinrichtung 6 die Zylindertrommel 7 gegenüber der Hubscheibe 4 in eine Schrägstellung verschwenkt worden ist, so daß sie beispielsweise den in Figur 1 gezeigten, dem maximalen Verdrängungsvolumen der Axialkolbenmaschine entsprechenden maximalen Schwenkwinkel αmax einnimmt, so vollführen sämtliche Kolben 20 Hubbewegungen; bei Drehung der Zylindertrommel 7 um 360° durchläuft jeder Kolben 20 einen Saug- und einen Kompressionshub, wobei entsprechende Ölströme erzeugt werden, deren Zu- und Abführung über die Mündungskanäle 19, die Steuernieren und den Saug- und Druckkanal erfolgt.When the axial piston machine is operated, for example as a pump, the cylinder drum 7 together with the piston 20 is rotated via the drive shaft 3. If, by actuating the adjusting device 6, the cylinder drum 7 has been pivoted into an inclined position with respect to the lifting disc 4, so that it assumes, for example, the maximum pivoting angle α max shown in FIG. 1, which corresponds to the maximum displacement volume of the axial piston machine, then all the pistons carry out 20 lifting movements; upon rotation of the cylinder drum 7 through 360 °, each piston 20 passes through a suction and a compression stroke, corresponding oil flows being generated, the supply and discharge of which via the outlet channels 19, the control kidneys and the suction and pressure channel.

Dabei tritt infolge des (die sog. Leckspalte bedingenden) Spiels zwischen den bewegten Teilen Lecköl aus den Leckspalten, insbesondere während des Kompressionshubes aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18, aus, füllt den freien Raum, den sog. Leckölraum, des Gehäuses 1 und strömt über den Leckölanschluß 10 und die Leckölleitung zum Tank hin ab. Vor allem aufgrund der Strömungswiderstände in dieser Leckölleitung steht das Lecköl im Leckölraum unter Überdruck, so daß die in ihm drehenden Teile, insbesondere die wie das Laufgitter einer Strömungsmaschine wirkenden Kolbenabschnitte zwischen der Hubscheibe 4 und der Zylindertrommel 7 entsprechend hohe Planschverluste hervorrufen, die den Wirkungsgrad der Axialkolbenmaschine verringern.This occurs as a result of the play (which causes the so-called leakage gap) the moving parts leak oil from the leak gaps, especially during the Compression stroke from the cylinder bores 18, from, fills the free space, the so-called leakage oil chamber of the housing 1 and flows through the leakage oil connection 10 and the drain line to the tank. Mainly due to the flow resistance The leakage oil is located in the leakage oil chamber in this leakage oil line Overpressure, so that the parts rotating in it, especially those like that Playpen of a turbomachine acting piston sections between the Lifting disc 4 and the cylinder drum 7 correspondingly high splash losses cause that reduce the efficiency of the axial piston machine.

Bei Einstellung der Zylindertrommel 7 auf einen Schwenkwinkel α = 0o vollführen die Kolben 20 bei Drehung der Triebwelle 3 keine Hubbewegungen und fördern somit kein Öl. Die Axialkolbenmaschine ist auf Null-Verdrängungsvolumen eingestellt.When the cylinder drum 7 is set to a swivel angle α = 0 o , the pistons 20 do not perform any lifting movements when the drive shaft 3 rotates and thus do not convey any oil. The axial piston machine is set to zero displacement.

Zur Vermeidung der vorerwähnten Planschverluste ist die Hülse 8 vorgesehen. Sie besteht aus Teflon, weist einen kreisrunden Querschnitt sowie eine allseits geschlossene Wandung mit glatter äußerer Wandungsfläche 26 auf und umfaßt einen zylindrischen Hülsenabschnitt 27, der an der äußeren, zylindrischen Umfangsfläche der Zylindertrommel 7 in deren der Hubscheibe 4 zugewandten Endbereich befestigt ist, sowie einen über die Zylindertrommel 7 überstehenden, sich in Richtung Hubscheibe 4 kegelförmig erweiternden Hülsenabschnitt 28. Dieser erstreckt sich bei einem Schwenkwinkel von α = 0o bis zur Hubscheibe 4, so daß er den zwischen dieser und der Zylindertrommel 7 befindlichen Raum 29 im wesentlichen völlig überdeckt. Die Ausbildung des Hülsenabschnitts 28 mit in Richtung Hubscheibe 4 stetig zunehmendem Durchmesser ist gewählt, um im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel bei den vorhandenen Raumverhältnissen innerhalb des Gehäuses 1 das Verschwenken der Zylindertrommel 7 in beiden Schwenkrichtungen bis zu dem durch den jeweiligen Anschlag 14 bzw. 15 definierten maximalen Schwenkwinkel zu ermöglichen; aus gleichem Grunde liegt der der Hubscheibe 4 zugewandte freie Rand des Hülsenabschnitts 28 in einer zur Hülsenachse senkrechten Ebene. Aufgrund dieses letzteren Merkmals vergrößert sich beim Ausschwenken der Zylindertrommel 7 auf größeren Schwenkwinkel die axiale Abmessung des Raums 29 auf der der Schwenkrichtung entsprechenden Querschnittshälfte (vgl. Fig. 1), so daß ein mit zunehmendem Schwenkwinkel zunehmender überdeckungsfreier Bereich entsteht. Andererseits kann bei entsprechenden räumlichen Verhältnissen innerhalb des Gehäuses 1 die Hülse 8 so ausgebildet sein, daß sie auch bei maximalem Schwenkwinkel den Raum 29 ausreichend überdeckt: Bei nicht reversierbaren, also nur in einer Schwenkrichtung ausschwenkbaren Axialkolbenmaschinen in Schrägscheibenbauweise mit an der Schräg- oder Hubscheibe befestigter Hülse oder bei Schrägscheibenmaschinen mit konstantem Verdrängungsvolumen kann zwecks Vermeidung des überdeckungsfreien Bereichs das freie Ende der Hülse 8 schräg angeschnitten sein, so daß es in einer dem maximalen bzw. dem konstanten Schwenkwinkel entsprechenden schrägen Ebene liegt.In order to avoid the aforementioned splashing losses, the sleeve 8 is provided. It consists of Teflon, has a circular cross section and an all-round closed wall with a smooth outer wall surface 26 and comprises a cylindrical sleeve portion 27 which is fastened to the outer, cylindrical peripheral surface of the cylinder drum 7 in its end region facing the lifting disc 4, and one over the cylinder drum 7 supernatant, conically widening in the direction of lifting 4 sleeve portion 28. this extends at a tilt angle of α = 0 ° to the eccentric 4 so that it completely covers the space located between it and the cylinder drum 7 29 substantially. The design of the sleeve section 28 with a continuously increasing diameter in the direction of the lifting disk 4 is selected in order to pivot the cylinder drum 7 in both swivel directions up to the maximum swivel angle defined by the respective stop 14 or 15 in the present exemplary embodiment given the spatial conditions within the housing 1 to enable; for the same reason the free edge of the sleeve section 28 facing the lifting disk 4 lies in a plane perpendicular to the sleeve axis. On the basis of this latter feature, when the cylinder drum 7 is pivoted out to a larger swivel angle, the axial dimension of the space 29 increases on the cross-sectional half corresponding to the swivel direction (cf. FIG. 1), so that an area free of overlap arises with increasing swivel angle. On the other hand, given corresponding spatial conditions within the housing 1, the sleeve 8 can be designed such that it covers the space 29 sufficiently even at the maximum swivel angle: in the case of non-reversible swashplate type axial piston machines that can be swiveled out only in one swivel direction, with the swashplate or lifting disc attached Sleeve or in swashplate machines with constant displacement, the free end of sleeve 8 may be cut obliquely so as to avoid the overlap-free area, so that it lies in an inclined plane corresponding to the maximum or constant swivel angle.

Die bei Betrieb der Axialkolbenmaschine aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18 austretende axiale Leckölströmung wird durch die Hülse 8 von dem umgebenden Lecköl getrennt und durch die sich drehenden Kolbenabschnitte im Raum 29 mitgenommen, d.h. ebenfalls in Drehung versetzt. Auf diese Weise drehen sich die aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18 herausragenden Kolbenabschnitte nicht mehr in, sondern mit dem Lecköl, so daß Planschverluste nicht mehr auftreten. Es ergibt sich in der Hülse 8 eine beruhigte Leckölströmung mit einer Strömungskomponente in Umfangsrichtung, die mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit wie die Kolbenabschnitte rotiert und somit das Auftreten von Planschverlusten verhindert, und einer Strömungskomponente mit allgemein axialer Richtung. Die zwischen dem axial strömenden Lecköl und den aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18 herausragenden Kolbenabschnitten einerseits und der Hülse 8 andererseits auftretende Flüssigkeitsreibung ist vernachlässigbar. Der überdeckungsfreie Bereich des Raums 29 erleichtert das Austreten des Lecköls aus der Hülse 8.The operation of the axial piston machine from the cylinder bores 18 Escaping axial leakage oil flow through the sleeve 8 from the surrounding Leakage oil separated and by the rotating piston sections in space 29 taken away, i.e. also set in rotation. This way, spin the piston sections protruding from the cylinder bores 18 no longer in, but with the leak oil, so that splashing losses no longer occur. It there is a calmed leakage oil flow in the sleeve 8 with a Flow component in the circumferential direction, which at the same speed as the piston sections rotated and thus the occurrence of splashing losses prevented, and a flow component with a generally axial direction. The between the axially flowing leak oil and that from the cylinder bores 18 outstanding piston sections on the one hand and the sleeve 8 on the other Fluid friction that occurs is negligible. The overlap-free The area of the space 29 facilitates the leakage of the leak oil from the sleeve 8.

Um bei Drehzahländerungen der Zylindertrommel 7 das Nacheilen oder Voreilen der aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18 herausragenden Kolbenabschnitte gegenüber dem Lecköl und damit das Auftreten von Planschverlusten zu vermeiden, d.h. eine sofortige Mitnahme des Lecköls zu gewährleisten, sind an der inneren Wandungsfläche 30 des Hülsenabschnitts 28 radial verlaufende Flügel 31 angebracht, die sich zwischen den aus den Zylinderbohrungen 18 herausragenden Kolbenabschnitten radial bis zu einem Teilkreis mit einem gegenüber dem Innenkreis der Kolbenabschnitte etwas kleineren Durchmesser und axial vom freien Rand des Hülsenabschnitts 28 bis nahe zur Zylindertrommel 7 erstrecken.To lag or advance when the cylinder drum 7 changes in speed of the piston sections protruding from the cylinder bores 18 to avoid the leakage oil and thus the occurrence of splashing losses, i.e. To ensure that the leakage oil is taken away immediately, the inside Wall surface 30 of the sleeve section 28 radially extending wings 31 attached, which protrude from the cylinder bores 18 Piston sections radially up to a pitch circle with an opposite Inner circle of the piston sections slightly smaller in diameter and axially from free edge of the sleeve section 28 up to the cylinder drum 7 extend.

Claims (9)

  1. Axial piston machine having a housing (1) which receives leakage oil, which housing is connected via a leakage oil connection (10) with the tank,
    having a cylinder drum (7) rotatably mounted in the housing (1) on a control body (5) and kinematically freely adjustable, with axial cylinder bores (18) in which respective pistons (20) are displaceably received, and having a stroke plate (4) on which the free ends of the pistons (20), projecting out of the cylinder bores (18), are supported,
    having an axially extending sleeve (8), attached to the cylinder drum (7) or to the stroke plate (4), which sleeve at least partially covers over the space (29) between the cylinder drum (7) and the stroke plate (4) and has a wall closed on all sides which pacifies the leakage oil flow in the space (29),
    characterised in that,
       radially inwardly developing blades (31) are provided on the inner wall surfaces (30) of the sleeve (8).
  2. Axial piston machine according to claim 1,
    characterised in that,
    the sleeve (8) has a smooth outer wall surface (26).
  3. Axial piston machine according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that,
    the sleeve (8) is of teflon.
  4. Axial piston machine according to any of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that,
    the blades (31) extend between the piston sections projecting out of the cylinder bores (18).
  5. Axial piston machine according to claim 4,
    characterised in that,
    the free ends of the blades (31) are arranged on a pitch circle which has the same diameter as or smaller diameter than the inner circle of the piston sections projecting out of the cylinder bores (18).
  6. Axial piston machine according to any preceding claim,
    characterised in that,
    the sleeve (8) has a diameter which continuously increases towards its free end.
  7. Axial piston machine according to any preceding claim,
    characterised in that,
    the free edge of the sleeve (8) lies in a plane perpendicular to the sleeve axis.
  8. Axial piston machine of swash plate construction having one flow direction and variable displacement volume, in accordance with any of claims 1 to 6,
    characterised in that,
    the sleeve (8) is attached to the stroke plate (4) and its free edge towards the cylinder drum (7) lies in a plane oblique to the sleeve axis, which plane, with increasing adjustment of the axial piston machine in the direction of maximum displacement volume, tilts increasingly in the direction of a disposition parallel to the radial plane of the cylinder drum (7).
  9. Axial piston machine of swash plate construction having one direction of flow and constant displacement volume, in accordance with any of claims 1 to 6,
    characterised in that,
    the sleeve (8) is attached to the stroke plate (4) and its free edge towards the cylinder drum (7) lies in a plane oblique to the sleeve axis, which plane for its part lies in the radial plane of the cylinder drum (7).
EP96101283A 1995-02-23 1996-01-30 Axial piston machine Expired - Lifetime EP0728945B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29503060U DE29503060U1 (en) 1995-02-23 1995-02-23 Axial piston machine
DE29503060U 1995-02-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0728945A1 EP0728945A1 (en) 1996-08-28
EP0728945B1 true EP0728945B1 (en) 1998-08-12

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DE (2) DE29503060U1 (en)

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DE19914268C2 (en) * 1999-03-29 2002-02-28 Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh Axial piston machine and control body for an axial piston machine
DE19914266C2 (en) * 1999-03-29 2002-02-28 Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh Axial piston machine and control body for an axial piston machine
DE102004021885B4 (en) * 2004-05-04 2009-10-01 Zf Lenksysteme Gmbh Rotary hydraulic pump
CN102943739A (en) * 2012-11-15 2013-02-27 上海电气液压气动有限公司 Displacement limiting mechanism of hydraulic motor
CN102913408A (en) * 2012-11-15 2013-02-06 上海电气液压气动有限公司 Bent axis type plunger hydraulic pump/motor
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DE59600410D1 (en) 1998-09-17
DE29503060U1 (en) 1995-04-06
EP0728945A1 (en) 1996-08-28

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