EP0722770A1 - Processing element for solid substances - Google Patents

Abstract

A processing element of solid materials, such as bulk goods and / or piles of any structure and consistency, is arranged in a container (10), which receives the material in batches or continuously. The processing element (s) (15) are arranged on or on a shaft (11) which penetrates the container (10) in a cross-sectional plane. The container (10) has a second shaft (26), which is mounted in the end faces of the container (10) and is provided with processing elements (28) designed as a mixing body (28). The processing elements (25) of the first shaft (21) are material disintegration elements. Two bearings (12, 13) are provided on the container (10) and hold the first shaft (11) in a stable position in the region of the ends. The machining elements (28) of the second shaft (26) rotate between the machining elements (25) of the first shaft (31). Existing agglomerate formations of a bulk material can therefore be dissolved and new agglomerate formations within the container (10) container avoided during the mixing process. The processing element (15) can be used without impairment even under the greatest loads for processing firmly connected materials. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a processing element of solid materials, such as bulk goods and / or piles of any structure and consistency in a container, which receives the material in batches or continuously, the processing element or elements being arranged on or on a shaft, which the container in a cross-sectional plane penetrates, and the container has a second shaft mounted in the end faces of the container, which is provided with processing elements designed as a mixing body.

Such a processing element has become known from US 3,021,121.

A first shaft of this processing element, which is designed as a screw conveyor, penetrates the container transversely to a second shaft, which is provided with mixing bodies. The two shafts are staggered so that the machining elements of the two shafts do not interact directly. Machined bulk material is transported in the vertical direction by the screw conveyor, so that it can fall again when the upper end of the screw conveyor is reached and is reprocessed by the mixing bodies.

Only a slight mixing of the bulk material is carried out by the screw conveyor, while the actual mixing processing of the bulk material is carried out by the mixing bodies attached to the second shaft. Comminution or disintegration of coherent agglomerates of the bulk material is not provided in the known processing element. If solid components are therefore present within the bulk material, no or very little mixing of the bulk material can be achieved. Such agglomerate formation can also occur during the mixing or compression process of a moist bulk material and consequently can no longer be dissolved.

From the brochure "Industrial Mixing in a Continuously Working Lödige Mixer" from 5/1993 of the company Lödige GmbH it is known to mount a shaft mounted on one side of a container and projecting into the interior of the container, to which processing elements are attached.

The processing elements known from the brochure are used to support a centrifugal unit (shaft + mixing elements) in many mixing processes. Processing elements are used, among other things, to unlock verbalizations that are product, process-related and / or temporary. They crush paste additives or prevent agglomerate formation during moistening processes. The need to use processing elements arises in the humidification processes for the faster distribution of liquid or paste-like components and in the mastery of agglomeration techniques and for compression processes.

The known processing elements according to the aforementioned brochure are installed in a continuously operating machine, which essentially consists of a horizontally mounted cylindrical container. The movement behavior of the bulk material in the mixing room changes depending on the Froude number of the mixing element movement. When the centrifugal unit rotates slowly at first, the product is raised in the direction of rotation, so that an angle of the free product surface is established which corresponds approximately to the bulk material angle of the product. With increasing spin speed, particles are thrown out of the material bed into the free mixing room. The bed is fluidized more and more. In the area of higher centrifugal machine speeds, there is a more or less closed product ring in the mixing room. The consistency of the product ring corresponds to a compacting fill.

The known processing element is fastened on one side to a wall of the mixing container projecting into the mixing container in a bearing which accommodates a drive unit (motor) directed outwards. The processing element protrudes into into the mixing container and is exposed to the loads of bulk goods and / or piles with regard to its filigree arrangement. The load on the machining elements is also disadvantageously transferred to the shaft to which the machining element or elements are fastened, so that the shaft can experience either a certain deflection or a slight lateral deflection after a heavy load. This is possible because the mixing elements convey the material to be processed into the area of the processing elements.

If the shaft supported on one side extends far into the interior of the container or if the mixing process is carried out in the mechanically generated fluidized bed or in the product ring or if the materials to be machined are large or very hard, the shaft with the machining elements is exposed to very large loads.

For this reason, for example, the known processing element cannot be used for downsizing or disintegrating clumps or other solid materials, such as those that occur during soil remediation. If the known machining element is nevertheless used for these purposes, the machining element, the shaft and / or the bearing of the shaft are loaded in such a way that there is a risk of damage to the shaft with the machining elements.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of further developing the known processing element in such a way that existing agglomerate formations of a bulk material are dissolved and new agglomerate formations within a container are avoided during the mixing process, and that the processing element can be used without impairment, even under the greatest loads, for processing firmly connected materials.

The object is achieved in that the machining elements of the first shaft are material disintegration elements, that two bearings are provided on the container, which hold the first shaft in a stable position in the region of the ends, and that the machining elements of the second shaft rotate between the machining elements of the first shaft.

The rotatable shaft, to which the machining element according to the invention can be attached, is generally arranged between the two container walls and expediently designed such that it is easily secured against axial displacement by its position.

The processing element according to the invention has the further advantage that it can also be used in the processing of bulk materials resulting from soil remediation. With these bulk materials, there may be hard agglomerates of various materials between the soil particles, which should be separated after processing.

The material disintegration elements can have blades, knives, etc. of the most varied types. As a result, the machining elements according to the invention can advantageously be used for comminuting hard and firmly connected materials or piles. The possible combination of cutter head shapes and the right choice of material for the machining elements and the shaft mean that the size reduction can be further improved in a targeted manner due to the cutter head effect. Furthermore, the editing elements and / or the cutter head shapes are made of special materials or coated with them.

Two rotating shafts in a container are advantageously used in combination with one another. Machining elements of one shaft can advantageously be used for mixing, while the machining elements of the other shaft advantageously serve for comminution or for disintegrating solid materials.

The stability and precision of the machining elements according to the invention is further increased if stiffening rings for the bearings are attached to the container and the bearings are arranged in the region of the stiffening rings.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the machining elements according to the invention, the first shaft is arranged horizontally in the container or in an intermediate position between horizontally and vertically aligned.

The position of the processing elements according to the invention can thus be aligned with a bulk material level that is dependent on the Froude number. This measure can effectively comminute or disintegrate the bulk material and / or the pile. The shrinking process in the container and thus the shredding quality or the yield can be considerably improved with such an arrangement of the processing elements.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the container is designed as a horizontally aligned drum, in which the machining elements of the second shaft, viewed over the length of the drum, between the machining elements the first shaft rotate.

The second shaft mounted in the end faces of the drum will preferably have ploughshare blades as the processing element, which are used to mix materials.

If the speed of the machining elements
of the first shaft is greater than the speed of the machining elements provided on the second shaft, the machining elements of the first shaft can be used as a shredder or chopper.

The processing elements on the second shaft advantageously have a mixing body which is provided in the region of the drum near the inner wall and which is connected to the second shaft by an arm.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the machining elements of the first shaft are arranged in an area on the first shaft which is spaced apart from the arms.

This has the further advantage that the combination of mixing and crushing in different areas of the container or the horizontal drum is possible.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the machining elements of the first shaft are arranged in the area of the mixing body.

Advantageously, the processing elements of the second shaft, which are designed as ploughshare blades, the processing elements of the first shaft, the material for crushing feed directly. In this way, the combination of mixing and crushing is further improved.

It goes without saying that shapes other than ploughshare blades can also be used for the machining processes mentioned here (cleat blades, bucket blades, etc.). Likewise, several first shafts can be arranged in the same or different position positions in the container or in the drum. Two-sided shafts can also be combined with single-sided shafts along the container, and the shafts can be equipped with a wide variety of processing elements. The shafts are driven by electric motors. If necessary, a transmission can also be provided between the shafts and the motors.

Further advantages result from the description of the attached drawing. Likewise, the features mentioned above and those listed further can be used according to the invention individually or in any combination with one another. The mentioned embodiments are not to be understood as an exhaustive list, but rather have an exemplary character.

Fig. 1

einen Querschnitt eines Behälters mit an einer ersten Welle angeordneten Bearbeitungselementen;

Fig. 2

einen Querschnitt eines Behälters mit an einer ersten Welle angeordneten Bearbeitungselementen und an einer zweiten Welle angeordneten weiteren Bearbeitungselementen;

Fig. 3

eine Gesamtansicht eines Behälters;

Fig. 4

einen Schnitt längs einer Linie IV-IV durch den Behälter nach Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

einen Längsschnitt durch einen weiteren Behälter mit an einer ersten Welle angeordneten Bearbeitungselementen und an einer zweiten Welle angeordneten weiteren Bearbeitungselementen, und

Fig. 6

einen Querschnitt durch einen weiteren Behälter mit an einem an einer ersten Welle angeordneten Bearbeitungselementen.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing and is explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. It shows:

Fig. 1

a cross section of a container with processing elements arranged on a first shaft;

Fig. 2

a cross section of a container with arranged on a first shaft processing elements and on a second shaft arranged further processing elements;

Fig. 3

an overall view of a container;

Fig. 4

a section along a line IV-IV through the container of FIG. 3;

Fig. 5

a longitudinal section through a further container with processing elements arranged on a first shaft and further processing elements arranged on a second shaft, and

Fig. 6

a cross section through a further container with arranged on a first shaft processing elements.

The representations shown in the figures show the subject according to the invention in a highly schematic manner and the individual assignments are not to be understood to scale.

Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a container which is designed as a horizontally aligned drum 10. A first shaft 11 penetrates the drum 10 and is held in a stable position in bearings 12 and 13. The bearing 12 can accommodate a drive for the shaft 11 (not shown). The rotatable first shaft 11 is arranged between the walls of the drum 10 and expediently designed such that the first shaft 11 is easily secured against axial displacement by its position. By rotating the first shaft 11 in the direction of the arrow 14, the processing elements 15, which are designed as a row of knives and are firmly connected to the first shaft 11, can be located in the drum 10 Crush, compact or chop bulk goods or piles. The processing elements 15 could, however, also be designed in a different way in order to process a bulk material or a pile.

Fig. 2 shows a cross section of a container which is designed as a drum 20. A first shaft 21 penetrates the drum 20 and is held in a stable position in bearings 22 and 23. By rotating the first shaft 21 in the direction of the arrow 24, the processing elements 25, which are designed as knives and are firmly connected to the first shaft 21, can shred or chop up a bulk material or pile located in the drum 20. A further machining element 28 is fastened to a second shaft 26, which is mounted in the end faces of the drum 20, via an arm 27. The processing element 28 is preferably designed as a ploughshare blade in order to mix the bulk material or aggregate located in the drum 20. By rotating the second shaft 26 in the direction of the arrow 29, the bulk material is mixed on the one hand and on the other hand fed to the knives 25 for comminution or compaction. The knives 25 on the obliquely arranged first shaft 21 extend to different degrees into the bulk material. The first shaft 21 is arranged above the second shaft 26. In other embodiments, it can also run below the second shaft 26.

Fig. 3 shows a side view of a container which is designed as a drum 30. First shafts 31a, 31b and 31c penetrate the drum 30 and are held in a stable position in bearings. By rotating the first shafts 31a, 31b and 31c, the processing elements 35, which are designed as knives of various types and with the first shafts are firmly connected, crushing, compacting or chopping a bulk material or pile located in the drum 30. On the end faces 36, 37 of the drum 30, a second shaft 38 is mounted, which is provided with further processing elements 39. The processing elements 39 are in turn designed as ploughshare blades in order to mix a bulk material located in the drum 30.

FIG. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3. The first shafts 31a, 31b and 31c penetrate the drum 30 and are held in a stable position in bearings 42 to 47. By rotating the first shafts 31a, 31b and 31c, the processing elements 35 can crush a bulk material or pile located in the drum 30. Machining elements 39 (not shown) are arranged on the second shaft 38 and can mix the bulk material located in the drum 30 when the second shaft 38 rotates in the direction of the arrow 48. The first shafts 31a, 31b, 31c have different positions to the second shaft 38.

5 shows a longitudinal section of a container which is only partially shown and which is designed as a drum 50. First shafts 51a and 51b penetrate the drum 50 and are held in a stable position on both sides in bearings 52a, 52b and opposite bearings, not shown. By rotating the first shafts 51a and 51b, the processing elements 55, which in turn are designed as knives and are firmly connected to the first shafts 51a, 51b, can comminute a bulk material or pile located in the drum 50. On a second shaft 58, further processing elements 60 are fastened via arms 59 in order to mix bulk materials or piles located in the drum 50 and the processing elements when the second shaft 58 rotates about an axis of rotation 60 55 feed. In addition, a shaft 61 is mounted on one side on the drum 50, which is also provided with the processing elements 55.

Fig. 6 shows a section of a container which is designed as a drum 70. A first shaft 71 penetrates the drum 70 and is held in a stable position in bearings 72 and 73. By rotating the first shaft 71, the processing elements 75, which are designed as successively spaced knives, can crush or chop a bulk material or pile located in the drum 70. The machining elements 75 connected to the first shaft 71 have a different radial extent. The ends of the processing elements 75 directed towards the peripheral surface of the drum 70 are adapted to the contour of the drum inner wall and are spaced therefrom. This creates a defined distance between the processing elements 75 and the peripheral surface of the drum 70, so that a bulk material or pile located in the drum 70 can be comminuted between the peripheral surface of the drum 70 and processing elements 75.

The mixing elements shown in the figures are distributed over the circumference of the second shaft, so that axially directed conveying characteristics can be set for the material to be processed.

A processing element 15 for solid materials, such as bulk goods and / or aggregates of any structure and consistency, is arranged in a container 10, which picks up or processes a material in batches or continuously, and in turn delivers it batchwise or continuously. The processing elements 15 are on a first shaft 11 stored. The first shaft 11 penetrates the container 10 completely and is supported on both sides (bearings 12, 13). A drive for the first shaft 11 is provided on one of the bearings 12, 13. Any machining tools, here machining elements 15, can be provided on the first shaft 11.

Claims (10)

Processing element of solid materials, such as bulk goods and / or aggregates of any structure and consistency in a container (10; 20; 30; 50; 70), which receives the material in batches or continuously, the processing element or elements (15; 35; 55) are arranged on or on a shaft (11; 21; 31a, 31b, 31c; 51a, 51b; 71) which penetrates the container (10; 20; 30; 50; 70) in a cross-sectional plane, and the container (10; 20; 30; 50; 70) has a second shaft (26; 38; 58) mounted in the end faces of the container (10; 20; 30; 50; 70), which is equipped with processing elements (28; 39; 60) is provided,
characterized,
that the processing elements (25; 35; 55) of the first shaft (21; 31a, 31b, 31c; 51a, 51b) are material disintegration elements, that on the container (10; 20; 30; 50; 70) two bearings (12, 13; 22, 23; 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47; 52a, 52b; 72, 73) are provided, which cover the first shaft (11; 21; 31a, 31b, 31c; 51a, 51b; 71) hold the ends in a stable position and that the machining elements (28; 39; 60) of the second shaft (26; 38; 58) between the machining elements (25; 35; 55) of the first shaft (31a, 31b, 31c; 51a, 51b) rotate. Machining element according to claim 1, characterized in that on the container (10; 20; 30; 50; 70) stiffening rings for the bearings (12, 13; 22, 23; 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47; 52a, 52b ; 72, 73) are attached. Machining element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first shaft (11; 21; 31a, 31b, 31c; 51a, 51b; 71) is arranged horizontally or in an intermediate position between horizontal and vertical. Machining element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container is designed as a horizontally aligned drum (20; 30; 50) in which the machining elements (28; 39; 60) of the second shaft (26; 38; 58) via the Rotate the length of the drum (20; 30; 50) as seen between the processing elements (25; 35; 55) of the first shaft (31a, 31b, 31c; 51a, 51b). Machining element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotational speed of the machining elements (25; 35; 55) of the first shaft (21; 31a, 31b, 31c; 51a, 51b) is greater than the rotational speed of the machining elements (28; 39; 60) which are provided on the second shaft (26; 38; 58). Machining element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing body (28) of the machining elements (28; 39; 60) of the second shaft (26; 38; 58) via an arm (27; 59) with the second shaft (26; 38; 58) is connected. Machining element according to claim 6, characterized in that the machining elements (15; 35; 55) of the first shaft (21; 31a, 31b, 31c; 51a, 51b) in an area on the first shaft (21; 31a, 31b , 31c; 51a, 51b), which is spaced apart from the arms (27; 59). Machining element according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the machining elements (15; 35; 55) of the first shaft (21; 31a, 31b, 31c; 51a, 51b) are arranged in the region of the mixing body (28). Machining element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a plurality of first shafts (31a, 31b, 31c) are arranged along the container (10; 20; 30; 50; 70) in the same or different position positions. Machining element according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the machining elements (15; 25, 35; 55) can be combined with machining elements (55) provided on shafts (61) mounted on one side.

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