DE8331826U1 - Shredding and mixing machine for biological and organic shredded material - Google Patents

Description

Crushing and mixing machine for biplogical and organizational shredding.

The invention relates to a shredding and mixing machine for biological and organic shredded material, uiie them under the name shredder and chopper, for that Crushing and hammer mill or mixer, for mixing be are known. Shredders and choppers become shredders or chopping biological and organic waste. Waste processed in this way is processed into compost with possible admixture of composting agents, e.g. in horticulture, which instead of DUn- medium is used. Mixers or mixers serve e.g. for mixing soil with compost or peat,

The invention has set itself the task of building a machine that can be used both as a shredder and chopper, such as a mixer in horticulture, or related fields

Can be used.

According to the state of the art, machines are known under the designation, shredders or choppers, which are used for shredding bleached biological or organic waste (Grass, leaves, thin twigs, etc.) can be used and by a specially provided possibility to hack ken more solid, usually biological waste '(e.g. thick twigs and branches, as well as solid plant waste, e.g. Stalk) can be used. These machines are provided with a relatively powerful drive and ha sometimes a loud work noise. The order and type of crushing tools is different. In addition to the arrangement of fly knives with counter knives, in vertical carrier shaft position, there are fly knives, which are on flange-like carriers, on horizontal or vertical lying carrier shafts are arranged and work together with counter knives. Both systems have next to one

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Feed funnel for softer material to be shredded in the Rsgel an opening, of limited cross-section, for the Infeed of solid material to be shredded (e.g. branches). Another constructive solution is to use a roller Knives arranged lengthways * The counter knives are located on the housing. This solution is similar to the way a planing machine works. For solid waste (e.g. branches etc.) feed markings are provided / these Systems, the particle size of the comminuted material is different. The particles are too big for afterwards intended rotting into compost. Particularly in the case of solid waste, the smallest possible particle size must be achieved uierden, so that the achieved total surface of the particles, becomes as large as possible and thus the rotting is accelerated.

The invention has therefore set itself the task of developing a machine with which the following results should be targeted.

The machine is used in normal design, housing with shredding tools and filling funnel, for shredding and chopping up softer and firmer waste (e.g. grass or twigs) in a correspondingly small cross-section.

This version must also be able to be used to remove solid waste (e.g. branches), in limited quantities, from larger cross-section to process. A special attachment is provided for processing larger quantities of solid waste. This essay aims to improve the processing of Right-angled to round cross-sections (e.g. branches up to about 5 cm in diameter and wood with a cross-section of 3x10 cm) guarantee. The processing of paper, cardboard or UJeIIpape should be possible with the filling funnel and the attachment his «The function of the flickering is determined by the direction of rotation Carrier wave reversal achieved. The power consumption for the drive can be kept low by this measure

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will. The working noise should be low. The particles size of the shredded material should be very small.

These conditions have been taken through appropriate action

5 be 'the structural design of the fascine is fulfilled (see Fig. 1a + b; 2a to c; 3a to c; 4a to c).

From Fig. 1a + b it can be seen that the «housing 1 a

j 'has a rectangular cross-section. Right-angled, to two

] housing walls, the carrier shaft 2 is arranged, the position of which

f 10 tion takes place in the housing walls. The drive unit is

f coupled to this shaft, on the carrier shaft 2, are in

> certain distances, the carrier 3, for the crushing

'' tools 4, arranged. Between the cutting edges β of the

: Reduction tools 4 and the counter knives 5 will be

■ ti 15 shredded material chopped or chopped. Against"

cutting 5 are arranged at a functionally favorable angle 9, to the rotating shredding tools (10), and attached to the housing wall. The size of the angle 9 depends on the following facts: 2Ώ On the nature of the material to be shredded. The type and shape of the surface * The necessary cutting force. From the shape of the cutting edges of the shredding tools and the counter blades.

The equilateral triangle has proven to be the best form of shredding tools, whereby the cutting edges can be designed differently. The angular position of the counter blades to the vertical housing wall should be adjustable for the optimal function of the shredding tools. The type of cutting edge design of the shredding tools enables a compromise solution so that the material to be shredded is prevented from being pushed away by the anvil. It is known that materials or substances have a longitudinal fibers structure (Z.3. HSTE, Stengel won perennials, etc.) in> ^r aserrichtung best split can (chopping wood!). That the greatest energy consumption

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wall is required if the splitting process takes place at right angles to the grain. The fact that the particle size of the comminuted material should be very small, so that the total surface of the comminuted material achieved thereby th good is as large as possible, inevitably requires that the feed or gap angle of the material to be shredded should be close to 45 degrees (see Fig. 1b). To avoid the risk of blocking if the feed is too fast or the cross is too large Avoid cutting the shredded material are special other constructive measures are necessary. The basic condition is that when chopping or chopping, from a certain cross-sectional size, the chopping or chopping process is not taken over by a shredding tool, Instead, as the cross-section increases, more and more cutting edges are involved in the process and a type of milling action, similar to a cylindrical milling cutter, thus takes place. In fig. 1b are e.g. B. three carriers 3 for the shredding tools 4 are shown. In between, the counter blades 5 are attached arranges. These carriers 3 and the comminuting tools 4 are, according to Fig. 1a, arranged out of phase on the carrier shaft, so that only two cutting edges of the shredding tools, the splitting process on the shredded material make »This means that the number of cuts is:

z _fflax aSpeed of the carrier shaft2 χ

built-in number of cutting edges;

The number of cuts per minute increases with the larger the cross-section of the material to be shredded, because more and more cutting edges come into _contact , up to the maximum achievable number of cuts (see: z mgx a etc.) which in turn is a condition for quiet running. Figs. 2a to c show different types of shredding tools. The equilateral triangle offered itself as the basic shape. The attachment and

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It is fixed on the supports 3 (Fig. 1a + b) by means of three fastening screws and additional fixing pins. Fig. 2a to c, shows such tools 7, with e.g. ': serrated cutting edges 13.

Cutting with saw teeth 14. Cutting with alternate grinding 15.

Further variations of the cutting edges are conceivable, e.g. for Processing of shredded material with a special structure.

According to Fig. 1a, the cutting edges 8 of the shredding tools move against the cut material, which rests against the counter-cutting edges. As a result, the cutting edges 8, in the cut material, against the counter blades 5, a downward pulling cutting movement. This transport effect can be achieved by the shape and type of cutting 8 ver be strengthened (see Fig. 2a to c). In addition to this transport lock, the type of cutting 8 can contribute to this to achieve a very small particle size.

The direction of rotation of the carrier

shaft 2 reversed (see fig. 1a and b). The niche process takes place by means of the drivers 11 attached to the carriers 3 and the feed surfaces 12 attached to the housing wall.

Fig. 3a and b shows the overall arrangement of housing 1,

Crushing mechanism 16 and hopper 17. with Hil Fe of the funnel 17, the material to be shredded is fed to the shredding mechanism 16 at an angle of close to 45 degrees.

In the middle of the hopper, an intermediate web 18 is attached over the upper edge of the housing 1. About this A pivotable guide plate 20 is arranged between the web, which on the side plates 19 of the funnel 17, left or can be brought to the system on the right. In this way, half of the funnel cross-section above the housing 1 is covered in each case. The risk of the

Crushed or mixed material from the funnel 17 is

thereby reduced. The hopper 17 can be swiveled away with

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the housing 1 connected. This enables quick cleaning and elimination of faults.

With the funnel 17 pivoted away, a guide piece 21 (Fig. 4a) can be placed on the housing 1 and connected to the housing. This guide piece 21 has a circular feed opening in the form of the tube 22 (Fig. 4a and b). The opening determines the largest circular one or similar cross-section of the material to be shredded. Of the The shredding angle is close to 45 degrees. The guide piece In addition to the circular opening, 21 has a right-angled opening 23, which is adjustable in width (Fig. 4a and c) side wall of this opening 23 is adjustable in steps 24 or continuously. When not in use, the opening locked for security reasons. To the length of the './Trägerwelle 2, the shredding tools 3, and the In order not to let the necessary number of these tools become too large, the feed angle 25 must be reduced. the greatest length of the right-angled cross-section of the opening 23 calls for this measure.

This guide part 21 is optionally, by pivoting 180 degrees, with its narrow or right-angled opening, brought over the shredding tools. The leadership part 21, can be connected to the housing 1 in both positions will.

Claims (1)

-1-Hans Herbert ADAM, Ing. (Grad.) 10/15/83. Expectations: 1. Crushing and mixing machine (Fig. 1a + b), for crushing or mixing biological or organic Substances, characterized in that in a housing 1, • with at least two housing walls arranged in parallel, a rotating support shaft 2, arranged for at least 2 shredding tools 3 lying one behind the other is, which are attached to the carrier 4, whereby the cutting of the crushing tools 3 perpendicular to Carrier shaft axis are arranged. The cutting edges of the shredding tools 3 are opposite the counter cutting edges 5, which are connected to the housing wall. 2. Carrier 4: ¹ sr shredding tools 3 according to claim 1 (Fig. La -b), characterized in that these carriers 4 are firmly connected to the carrier shaft 2 and as One or two-sided carriers are formed and one or two-sided that are at right angles to the carrier axis arranged shredding tools 3 wear, these shredding tools 3, out of phase on the Carrier shaft 2 are arranged. 3. Crushing and mixing machine according to claim 1 (Fig. 1a + b), characterized in that the on the carrier shaft 2 seated carrier 4, carrying shredding tools 3, which are provided with cutting edges on both sides are and opposite the cutting edge of these comminuting tools 3, on the housing walls, mating tools 5 are arranged are. 4. comminution tools 3, after Anspruchi, 'characterized in that the comminuting tools 3 on the supports 4, has approximately the shape of an equilateral Dreiechs have (Fig. 1a and 2a + c) and the counter cutting edges 5 t · <II · · I 5 5. 20th ta ·· ti »» »· · ♦ · -2- 10/15/83. on the Seitenuiände of the housing 1, about under half Angular size of an equilateral triangle to the vertical side winds of the housing 1 are arranged. 25th Crushing tools 3 and 7 (Fig. 1b and Fig. 2a * c), according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that at least on one side of the basic shape of equilateral triangles, the crushing tools 3 are provided with a special cutting edge shape. See Fig.2a ♦ c and Fig. 1a.
Fig. 2a cutting edge 8 with lamellar bevel 13. Fig. 2b cutting edge 8 with saw toothing 14. Fig. 2c cutting edge 8 with interchangeable cutting edge 15. Crushing and mixing machine according to claim 1 (Fig. 3 a + c), characterized in that on the housing 1 with the crushing and mixing mechanism 16, a swiveling filling funnel 17, at an angle of approximately # 5 ° to the carrier shaft 2 and the crushing or mixing mechanism- · - ¹ : is arranged and an intermediate wall 18 is attached above the center of the carrier shaft in the hopper 17, connected to this partition 18 is a guide wall 20 which can be pivoted to the hopper walls and through which the half of the hopper that is not required in each case 17 or housing 1 is covered. 30th 7, shredding machine according to claim 1 (Fig. 4a + c), characterized characterized in that ^ n point of the pivotable filling funnel 17, according to claim 6, a feed part 21, for circular or rectangular comminution material with a larger cross-section, is placed on the housing 1. 8. feed part 21 according to claim 7 (Fig. 4a ♦ b) "with circular feed opening 22, the central axis of the feed opening 22 at an angle of about 45 ° is arranged in the longitudinal direction to the carrier shaft 2 of the shredding tools 3 « M ·· Il I 'III · «· S ί ·· · ι '' ill ti ι ·· • I · I lite it t ■ til t ι ( <ti * I it ic lint -3- 10/15/83. 9. Feed opening 21 according to claim 8 (Fig. 4a ♦ c) to ISO ⁰ » ^{rotated to the} support element 2 * placed on housing 1, with a rectangular guide opening, with variable opening width up to the maximum width