DE19846372B4 - Hopper chopper for crushing fractions, especially made of wood - Google Patents

Abstract

Hopper chopper for crushing fractions, especially made of wood, consisting of
- From a housing (5) with at least two counter-rotating rollers (3, 4), both of which have a common feed space (9) and fixed, axially spaced and circumferentially arranged cutting and counter knives (7, 8), each of which opposite cutting and counter knives (7, 8) are coordinated in their position and in their contours and
- from a feed hopper (2) placed on the housing (5) in the area of the feed space (9),
characterized in that the feed hopper (2) consists of a station part (10) connected to the housing (5) and a rotating part (11) receiving the comminution material, the rotating part (11) being drivable, with its smallest clear dimension is matched to the size of the cutting unit (1) and has at least one driver (16) which extends into the interior of the rotating part (11) and extends up to the center of rotation of the rotating part (11).

Description

The invention relates to a Funnel chipper according to the characteristics of the generic term of the claim 1 or 3.

Such funnel chippers become further crushing of roughly broken material, mainly of wood.

Waste wood is biological waste material and is reinforced recycled.

To do this, the old wood is first opened a cut length from 10-15 cm roughly pre-broken and then to a chip length of Crushed 3–5 cm. In this fraction it is used as a raw material for manufacturing of chipboard, as fuel in greenhouse systems or for composting to disposal posed.

Slow-running hopper choppers such as those used in the DE 295 03 955 U1 is described.

This funnel chipper consists of a housing with a cutting unit and a feed hopper on top. The cutting unit has two horizontal and counter-rotating Rollers with axially spaced and distributed around the circumference Cutting elements. The opposite are on both rollers Cutting elements in their positions and in their contours one on the other voted that they comb with each other during operation. Naturally and because of the arrangement and design of the two rollers, the housing is rectangular designed. Accordingly, the feed hopper on top has the dimensions of the case and is also formed with a rectangular basic shape. Both rollers form a common feed area between them from who is about the entire length of the two rollers and thus also extends over the length of the feed hopper.

With hopper chippers of this type there are always problems when feeding the feed hopper done with a grab loader. Such a loading process is naturally unreliable, where the amount of fed Comminution material in a certain unit of time by many individual circumstances is determined. In addition, the machine operator cannot enter the feed hopper see and constantly the filling level check. So he feeds blindly, resulting in a changing and intermittent overfilling or underfilling leads. When there is overcrowding bridging, with underfilling the cutting unit is over the length the rollers are underutilized. Both conditions lead to insufficient throughput in the cutting mechanism.

The applicant has now with the DE 196 06 746 C1 introduced a new hopper chipper in which the common feed area of the two rollers is covered with a counter knife over the entire length of the rollers. The counter knife has counter blades, baffles and feed surfaces and prevents, among other things, bridging. This increases the throughput. However, the problem remains of the uncontrolled loading of the feed hopper and thus the insufficient utilization of the performance of the cutting unit.

In the DE 38 86 532 T2 a shredder machine is now used, which is primarily used to shred waste paper and packaging material. This shredding machine consists of a hopper and a hammer mill with flails loosely attached to the circumference. The hopper is designed to be rotatable and coupled to a drive device. Material not captured by the hammer mill is picked up by a driver of the rotating hopper and fed back to the hammer mill via a circular path.

But such hammer mills cannot be for shredding wood fractions and the rotatable hopper is opposite the hammer mill oversized. Such a large building hopper is for the rather large wood shredding equipment not suitable.

The invention is therefore the object based on a generic funnel chopper to develop in such a way that bridging is avoided and the shredded material regardless of filling stand evenly the length the rollers are distributed.

This task is due to the characteristics of claim 1 and claim 3 solved. Useful configurations result from the claims 2 and 4.

The invention eliminates the above Disadvantages of the prior art.

So be kept in constant motion bridging of the material to be crushed avoided if the feed hopper is filled to a large extent. That increases the throughput. The entrainment performance will be increased if the entrainment agent goes to Center, e.g. B. aligned perpendicular to the tangent of the rotating part is. But it is also possible the driver not at a right angle, but in an inclined position to the tangent to the center of the turned part to to reduce the drive load on the rotating part and the movement path of the Optimize comminution material. Against that, the constant rotational movement the turned part is used at a lower fill level, the material to be crushed whole length to distribute the rollers. The performance of the Cutting unit better utilized.

This also helps to increase the Throughput at.

Speed control is an advantage of the turned part, which depends on the load, i.e. the level of the Influenced rotating part becomes. A full turned part rotates slower than an empty turned part. Do it the different speeds of the turned part different Functions. The slower speed should only be the significant amounts of the shredded material keep moving to form a bridge to avoid. Daggeen uses the faster speed for transport the smaller quantities of the comminuted material to the most distant Regions of the cutting unit.

In addition, the machine operator can the different speed of the turned part inferences about the level pull the funnel and base its activity on it. A concrete one The display makes it easier for the machine operator to assess the Level.

It is for occupational safety reasons and the mass balance is advantageous if the rotating part of the feed funnel has a circular cross-section and the driver is grid-like is trained.

Alternatively, the rotating part of the Indentation funnel also e.g. have a square cross-sectional shape. This saves additional Driver because the inner surfaces of such a rotating part in each of its points to different degrees away from the center of rotation and thus attack areas for the comminuted material offer and thus also set it in motion.

The invention is intended to: Hand of an embodiment are explained in more detail.

Show this

1 : the funnel chipper in top view and

2 : the funnel chipper in a side view.

The ^Tri chterhacker consists in its main elements of a cutting 1 and an attached feed hopper 2 , Downstream of the hopper chopper is a system for removing the shredded material on rents, on accompanying transport vehicles or in containers or from centrifugal disks for even distribution.

The cutting unit 1 consists of two counter-rotating rollers 3 . 4 that in a housing 5 are stored. Here are the rollers 3 . 4 horizontally and parallel to each other, so that the housing 5 assumes a basic rectangular shape. Both rollers 3 . 4 are each driven by a motor, not shown. Every roller 3 . 4 has cutting disks arranged at equal axial distances and therefore opposite each other 6 which taper in their cross-section towards the circumference and thus form a circumferential cutting edge. Between two cutting discs 6 a roller 3 . 4 there are one or more cutting knives evenly distributed around the circumference 7 and opposite between two cutting discs 6 the other roller 3 . 4 corresponding counter knives K are also evenly distributed around the circumference. The cutting knife 7 and the corresponding counter knife 8th are on the roll 3 . 4 and on the respective side cutting discs 6 rigidly attached.

Both rollers 3 . 4 form a common catchment area between them 9 for the material to be shredded.

On the housing 5 additional counter knives with the same contour for the same direction of rotation and additional counter knives with the same contour for the opposite direction of rotation are not shown here.

The feed hopper 2 is on the cutting unit from above 1 put on and consists of a station part 10 that with the housing 5 is firmly connected and from a turned part 11 , The turned part 11 is funnel-shaped and has a circular and conical shape, with the diameter from above towards the cutting unit 1 rejuvenated. The smallest clear diameter of the turned part 11 to the smallest of the two width dimensions of the housing 5 of the cutting unit 1 Voted. The turned part 11 is drivable. For this purpose, the feed funnel has 2 a stationary hydraulic transmission engine no 12 with a pinion 13 and one on the turned part 11 attached circumferential ring gear 14 , The gearbox engine no 12 is controllable in its speed depending on the load, so that the turned part 11 at a higher level, i.e. with a higher load, runs more slowly than at a lower level. The turned part 11 is still with a digital speed display 15 equipped, which gives the machine operator the current speed and thus conclusions about the fill level of the feed hopper 2 allows. The speed indicator 15 But can also be coupled with an evaluation device, which gives the machine operator the level of the feed hopper immediately and directly 2 indicates.

Inside the turned part 11 is at least one driver 16 arranged.

Both rollers rotate in the operating state 3 . 4 opposite and at the same time the rotating part rotates 11 of the feed funnel 2 in a predetermined direction. The machine operator fills the feed hopper 2 of the hopper chopper with the help of a gripper crane with a roughly pre-processed shredded material, which naturally occurs intermittently. The shredded material is taken from the driver (s) 16 of the rotating part 11 detected and carried along and evenly over the entire length of the rollers 3 . 4 distributed.

Due to the non-continuous filling process, the feed hopper is 2 sometimes more and sometimes less filled. This current fill is over the gear motor 12 the speed of the turned part 11 customized. When the fill level is high, the material to be comminuted is stirred at a low speed and kept in motion in such a way that no bridges can form which would significantly reduce the throughput. With a lower fill level, there is no longer any danger of bridging, so that the rotating part of the rotating part is becoming ever faster 11 is used to grind the material down to the remotest areas of the catchment area 9 the rollers 3 . 4 to transport. This in turn increases throughput. With the displayed speed or the evaluated and displayed fill level of the feed funnel 2 the machine operator gets an orientation variable to adapt to the ongoing comminution process with his filling process.

The crushing process within a hopper chipper is well known, so that not to be dealt with in detail.

1

cutting

2

feed hopper

3

roller

4

roller

5

casing

6

cutting disc

7

cutting blade

8th

against knife

9

catchment area

10

station part

11

turned part

12

gearmotor

13

pinion

l4

sprocket

15

Speed display

16

takeaway

Claims (4)

Hopper chopper for crushing fractions, especially made of wood, consisting of - a housing ( 5 ) with at least two counter-rotating rollers ( 3 . 4 ), both of which have a common catchment area ( 9 ) and fixed, axially spaced and circumferentially arranged cutting and counter knives ( 7 . 8th ), the opposite cutting and counter knives ( 7 . 8th ) are coordinated in their position and in their contours and - from one in the area of the feed area ( 9 ) on the housing ( 5 ) feed hopper ( 2 ), characterized in that the feed hopper ( 2 ) from one, with the housing ( 5 ) connected part of the station ( 10 ) and a rotating part that holds the comminuted material ( 11 ), with the rotating part ( 11 ) is driven, with its smallest clear dimension to the size of the cutting unit ( 1 ) is coordinated and at least one inside the turned part ( 11 ) reaching and extending up to the center of rotation of the turned part ( 11 ) extending carrier ( 16 ) has. Hopper chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating part ( 11 ) has a circular cross-section and the driver ( 16 ) of the circular turned part ( 11 ) is formed like a grid. Hopper chopper for crushing fractions, especially made of wood, consisting of - a housing ( 5 ) with at least two counter-rotating rollers ( 3 . 4 ), both of which have a common catchment area ( 9 ) and fixed, axially spaced and circumferentially arranged cutting and counter knives ( 7 . 8th ), the opposite cutting and counter knives ( 7 . 8th ) are coordinated in their position and in their contours and - from one in the area of the feed area ( 9 ) on the housing ( 5 ) attached funnel ( 2 ), characterized in that the feed hopper ( 2 ) from one, with the housing ( 5 ) connected part of the station ( 10 ) and a rotating part that holds the comminuted material 11 ), with the rotating part ( 11 ) is driven, with its smallest clear dimension to the greetings of the cutting unit ( 1 ) is coordinated and has a polygonal cross section and the side surfaces including the corners are designed as drivers. Hopper chipper according to claim 3, characterized in that the cross section of the rotating part ( 11 ) is square.