EP0719459A1 - Solar roofing tile/slab - Google Patents

Solar roofing tile/slab

Info

Publication number
EP0719459A1
EP0719459A1 EP94927556A EP94927556A EP0719459A1 EP 0719459 A1 EP0719459 A1 EP 0719459A1 EP 94927556 A EP94927556 A EP 94927556A EP 94927556 A EP94927556 A EP 94927556A EP 0719459 A1 EP0719459 A1 EP 0719459A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roof tile
wall plate
plate according
solar
roof
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94927556A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernd Melchior
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BLUESUN TECHNOLOGIE GMBH
Original Assignee
Blue Planet AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4331425A external-priority patent/DE4331425A1/en
Priority claimed from DE4411458A external-priority patent/DE4411458C2/en
Application filed by Blue Planet AG filed Critical Blue Planet AG
Publication of EP0719459A1 publication Critical patent/EP0719459A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H02S20/25—Roof tile elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/69—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of shingles or tiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/6004—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules by clipping, e.g. by using snap connectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S136/00—Batteries: thermoelectric and photoelectric
    • Y10S136/291—Applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a roof tile / Dachstein / a wall plate made of a plate made of clay, ceramic, concrete, fiber cement or plastic as a carrier of a solar panel attached to the top with photovoltaic solar cells, the solar panel with at least two opposite sides on the top of the roof tile / Dachstein / wall plate is positively attached to the inner edges of a roof tile / Dachstein / wall plate recess.
  • the object of the invention is to improve a roof tile / roof tile / wall panel with a solar panel so that even with large manufacturing tolerances of the roof tile / roof tile, the solar panel always finds a secure and precise hold without damaging the solar cells during installation.
  • the laterally protruding, elastic projections of the solar panel can adapt to the most varied dimensions on the roof tile / roof tile / wall panel, so that there is always a secure and firm hold.
  • the solar panels fit into the roof tile / roof tile / wall panel even if the internal dimensions of the roof tile / roof tile / wall panel are considerably smaller than intended.
  • the recesses have a length that is a fraction of the total length of the inner edge.
  • the recesses can also be groove sections, elongated holes, pockets and / or bores.
  • the projections should also be carried or formed by a frame, in particular molded onto a frame that surrounds the solar cell (s).
  • the projections are arranged very deep on the solar panel, so that they find a relatively low hold on the roof tile and thus the module itself sits high in the roof structure, so that the top of the solar panel can align with the top of the roof tile and thus dirt does not form in the edges and can make protrusions.
  • a secure seal is achieved if a tongue-length profile protrudes laterally on the upper edge of the frame, which lies tightly against the roof tile / roof tile / wall panel.
  • micro-containers can contain a part of a first component and a part of a second component of a two-component adhesive.
  • a particularly good connection and optimum hold of the photovoltaic element in the frame of the solar panel is achieved if a non-metallic, elastic material, in particular silicone, is introduced between the photovoltaic element and the frame, which forms a watertight connection after it has hardened.
  • the silicone forms a chemical connection to the glass of the photovoltaic element as well as to the plastic, in particular silicone of the frame. This leads to the creation of an insoluble hold, which protects the solar cells from the penetration of corrosive atmospheres.
  • the frame forms a smooth plane with the glass pane.
  • a particularly simple and safe cabling is achieved if a cable holder protrudes downward on the underside of the solar plate, which is attached to the solar plate, in particular integrally formed thereon.
  • the roof element photovoltaic system according to the invention brings a number of significant advantages.
  • the roofs can initially be covered conventionally. Subsequently, the solar panels can be pressed into the roof tiles and fixed in a non-slip manner, the energy supply can be built up gradually without the roof having to be covered or changed.
  • a profile is fastened to at least one, in particular to both of the two opposite sides of the solar panel, which has at least one downward-pointing elastic leg, the end of which forms the projection or projections which snap into at least one recess of the Insert roof tile / roof tile / wall plate recess. This ensures that the solar panel is held securely over a long period of time.
  • the profile is made of stainless steel or aluminum.
  • Figure 1 A section through the roof tile.
  • Figure 2 A top view and side view of the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate.
  • Figure 3 A section through the side edge of the solar panel in the area of a long side.
  • Figure 4 A section through the side edge of the solar panel in the area of a narrow side with molded cable holder.
  • Figure 5 A section through the side edge of the solar panel in the area of a narrow side with molded cable holder.
  • Figure 7 A section through an embodiment in which the carrier plate of the solar plate forms the lateral elastic projections.
  • Figure 8 A section through the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate in a third embodiment with holding profiles made of metal.
  • Figure 9 A section through the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate in a fourth embodiment with holding profiles made of metal.
  • Figure 10 The underside of the third or fourth version with stiffening ribs.
  • Figure 11 The top of the third or fourth
  • Wall plate with resilient holding profiles or brackets
  • Figure 13 A section through the fastening area with spring pin elements
  • Figure l a section through the mounting area with inserted adapter sleeves.
  • a roof tile / roof tile / wall plate hereinafter only called roof tile 1, consists of clay, ceramic, concrete or plastic and has an upwardly open recess 2, so that the roof tile 1 has a U-shaped cross section of great width, whose free legs are angled outwards to create the traditional, interlocking, interlocking overlaps.
  • the projections 5 are formed on both longitudinal sides, which consist of a soft material, in particular a soft plastic (silicone).
  • the frame 8 can be made of the same material.
  • the projections 5 do not extend over the entire length of the side edge of the frame 8, but each side of the frame has two or more individual projections 5, which are in correspondingly shaped individual recesses in the Insert the inner edges or inner side walls in a form-fitting manner.
  • the recesses 4 have a length that is only a fraction of the total length of the inner edge 3.
  • the recesses can be 4 groove sections, slots, pockets and / or bores.
  • the projections 5 extend at the lower edge laterally outwards obliquely downward at an angle of approximately 45 degrees, so that the frame 8 can lie so high in the roof tile 1 that there is no depression or only a depression of lesser height above the solar plate 6 . With this arrangement, the shading of the roof tile edge on the solar panel is negligible, so that the direct incidence of light on the solar cells is guaranteed even when the sun is at an angle.
  • the special arrangement of the projections 5 below the solar panel 6 creates the spring-clamping effect for fixing the solar panel 6 to the roof tile.
  • a tongue-shaped longitudinal profile 9 is formed that protrudes laterally approximately horizontally and rests sealingly on the inner edge 3 above.
  • a plurality of micro-containers containing an adhesive can be attached to the surface of the projection 5.
  • the microcontainers can contain a first component and a second component a second component of a two-component adhesive, so that after pressing the projection 5 into the recess 4, the microcontainers burst, the contents of which mix and form a fast-setting adhesive.
  • a non-metallic elastic material in particular a plastic (silicone) 10, which forms a water-tight connection between these parts at its edges after it has hardened and thereby also forms chemical connections with these edges .
  • a particularly good adhesion of the frame 8 to the solar plate 6 is achieved in that the upper edges 14 of the glass pane 13 facing the light 13 of the solar plate 6 are chamfered so that the chemically reactive plastic (silicone) 10 grips over the glass pane and thus a firmer connection of the frame 8 with the solar panel 6 is achieved.
  • This frame arrangement 8-10 ensures that rainwater can flow off smoothly and no dirt-forming particles are deposited in the edge area. This is a major advantage over all known frames of solar panels.
  • a cable holder 11 is formed on the frame 8 and protrudes downward, with a cable holder being located on the solar plate 6 both on the lower narrow side and on the upper narrow side.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from that according to FIGS. 1 to 4 in that the projections 5 have a spherical outer shape, the main axis (longitudinal axis) of which is horizontal. These projections are particularly flexible if they are made of a very soft material such as foam rubber and / or they are hollow on the inside (hollow body, hollow profile), as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 on the left side.
  • the carrier plate 6a of the solar plate can consist of a flexible material, on which hook-shaped parts 5 or projections or tongues protrude on both sides in order to springily engage in the recesses 4 of the roof tile / roof tile or the wall plate.
  • the resilient hooks By pushing in the polymer PV module, the resilient hooks are bent inwards over the adaptation geometry and then snap into the corresponding recesses in the roof elements.
  • the spring travel of the snap connection is determined via the arm length, in particular through a curved spring region (18a) (FIG. 12), and the curvature of the polymer PV module is generated via the bending points.
  • the ribbing forces keep the bending forces away from the solar cells.
  • the prestress in the roof element is generated by the slight oversize of the carrier plate in the roof element.
  • the PV module Due to the geometry of the snap connection in combination with the weakly bent parts, the PV module is always slightly curved upwards in the case of slightly larger sizes.
  • Solar cells are fixed on a glass fiber and / or glass ball reinforced carrier plate (6a) made of ceramic, concrete or glass. Notches 20 are worked into the carrier plate 6a between the solar cells, so that the carrier plate can be bent at these weaker points 20 without the bending forces damaging the solar cells. Bending of the solar cells is also prevented by the fact that under the solar cells there are torsion-resistant ribs 21 are located.
  • the carrier plate between the solar cells is so thin-walled that it can be bent (arching inwards).
  • profiles 17 are fastened, which have at least one downward-pointing elastic leg 18, the end of which forms the projection or projections 19, which snap into at least one recess of the
  • the profile 17 has in its upper region a recess, in particular a longitudinal groove (longitudinal channel) 16, in which the side edge of the solar panel lies in a particularly positive manner.
  • the profile 17 is made of metal, in particular stainless steel or aluminum.
  • the tongues 5 are designed so that they can bulge while the module is being pushed in.
  • the slight tension of the carrier plate combined with a slight curvature, compensates for the tolerances of the roof tiles. Through a slight twisting of the carrier plate can compensate for torsion tolerances under the adaptation grooves.
  • the blue tempered V ⁇ A spring element 17, 18, 19 snaps into the adaptation geometry of the roof tile / roof tile. The spring element is pushed into recesses in the carrier plate and firmly fixed in the subsequent lambing process.
  • spring pin elements 22 can also be fastened to the solar plate, which are loaded by a helical compression spring 23 and whose front, tapering end 24 snaps into the correspondingly shaped recess 25 of the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate.
  • the recess 25 can be formed by a bearing part (26) in particular in the form of a socket made of metal or plastic, which is cast, pressed or glued into the material of the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate. This provides a particularly secure hold that is independent of the material of the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate.
  • Clay roof tiles are fired and have tolerances in all axes due to production. These are compensated for by the design-related design of the carrier plate.
  • the carrier plate with the solar cells is hermetically sealed in fluoropolymer. Chemical adhesion promoters and holes in the carrier plate create an insoluble bond chemically and mechanically between the carrier material and the solar cells.
  • the outer sheath of the power cable is made of the same polymer as the polymer enclosing the module. This ensures that a mechanical, tear-resistant and weather-resistant, corrosion-resistant electrical connection is created.
  • the following features are particularly advantageous for roof tiles / roof tiles or wall panels:
  • the surrounding plastic of the solar panel 6 is a fluoropolymer.
  • the polymer plastic is chemically bonded to the solar cells and the carrier material via an adhesion promoter.
  • the polymer plastic can be mechanically connected to the carrier material via through holes, depressions, bores.
  • the tongues on the carrier plate snap into the adaptation geometries of the roof elements in such a way that a slight tension curvature adapts the PV module to the roof tile in such a way that manufacturing tolerances of the roof element in longitudinal, transverse and torsional planes are compensated for.
  • the adaptation geometry of the carrier plate is thus a resilient construction (snap connection).
  • the electrical wiring consists of three components: a cable, a first jacket made of a high temperature-resistant polymer and a second jacket made of the same polymer as the encapsulating polymer.
  • the electrical cable is hermetically sealed and mechanically sealed into the PV module.
  • the electrical cable can be fixed to a U-shaped guide channel.
  • the solar cells are wired on the back of the carrier plate, in particular using printed circuit board technology.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a roofing tile/slab/wall plate (1) consisting of an earthenware, ceramic, concrete, fibre cement or plastic plate as the base for a solar panel (6) secured to the upper side with photo-voltaic solar cells (7), in which the solar panel positively engages on at least two opposite sides with the top of the roofing tile/slab/wall plate against the inner edges (3) of a depression (2) therein, whereby the projections (5) are positively held in a snap fit in recesses (4) in the tile/slab/plate depression by their own elasticity.

Description

So!ar-Dachziege1/DachsteinSo! Ar-Dachziege1 / Dachstein
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Dachziegel/Dachstein/eine Wandplatte aus einer Platte aus Ton, Keramik, Beton, Faserzement oder Kunststoff als Träger einer an der Oberseite befestigten Solarplatte mit photovoltaischen Solarzellen, wobei die Solarplatte zumindest mit zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten an der Oberseite des Dachziegels/Dachsteins/Wandplatte formschlüssig an den Innenrändern einer Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatten- Vertiefung befestigt ist.The invention relates to a roof tile / Dachstein / a wall plate made of a plate made of clay, ceramic, concrete, fiber cement or plastic as a carrier of a solar panel attached to the top with photovoltaic solar cells, the solar panel with at least two opposite sides on the top of the roof tile / Dachstein / wall plate is positively attached to the inner edges of a roof tile / Dachstein / wall plate recess.
Es ist bekannt, auf der Oberseite eines Dachziegels eine Solarplatte zu befestigen. Hierbei hat es sich gezeigt, daß die Dachziegel große Fertigungstoleranzen besitzen, so daß die Solarplatten nicht genügend angepaßt werden können und damit entweder nicht genügend fest am Dachziegel sitzen oder aber nicht hineinpassen. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Dachziegel/Dachstein/ Wandplatte mit Solarplatte so zu verbessern, daß auch bei großen Fertigungstoleranzen des Dachziegels/Dachsteins die Solarplatte stets einen sicheren und genauen Halt findet, ohne die Solarzellen beim Einbau zu beschädigen.It is known to attach a solar panel to the top of a roof tile. It has been shown here that the roof tiles have large manufacturing tolerances, so that the solar panels cannot be adequately adapted and thus either do not sit sufficiently firmly on the roof tiles or do not fit into them. The object of the invention is to improve a roof tile / roof tile / wall panel with a solar panel so that even with large manufacturing tolerances of the roof tile / roof tile, the solar panel always finds a secure and precise hold without damaging the solar cells during installation.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
Die seitlich vorstehenden, elastischen Vorsprünge der Solarplatte können sich an die unterschiedlichsten Maßabweichungen am Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte anpassen, so daß stets ein sicherer und fester Halt gegeben ist. Hierbei passen die Solarplatten auch dann in den Dachziegel/Dachstein/die Wandplatte hinein, wenn die Innenabmessungen des Dachziegels/Dachsteins/Wandplatte erheblich kleiner sind als vorgesehen.The laterally protruding, elastic projections of the solar panel can adapt to the most varied dimensions on the roof tile / roof tile / wall panel, so that there is always a secure and firm hold. The solar panels fit into the roof tile / roof tile / wall panel even if the internal dimensions of the roof tile / roof tile / wall panel are considerably smaller than intended.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Ausnehmungen eine Länge aufweisen, die ein Bruchteil der Gesamtlänge des Innenrandes beträgt. Auch können die Ausnehmungen Nutenabschnitte, Langlöcher, Taschen und/oder Bohrungen sein. Auch sollten die Vorsprünge von einem Rahmen getragen oder gebildet, insbesondere an einem Rahmen angeformt sein, der die Solarzelle(n) umgibt.It is particularly advantageous if the recesses have a length that is a fraction of the total length of the inner edge. The recesses can also be groove sections, elongated holes, pockets and / or bores. The projections should also be carried or formed by a frame, in particular molded onto a frame that surrounds the solar cell (s).
Von größtem Vorteil ist es, wenn die Vorsprünge schräg nach unten an der Solarplattenunterseite vorstehen.It is of great advantage if the projections protrude obliquely downwards on the underside of the solar panel.
Hierdurch sind die Vorsprünge sehr tief an der Solarplatte angeordnet, so daß sie verhältnismäßig niedrig am Dachstein Halt finden und damit das Modul selber hoch im Dachstuhl sitzt, so daß die Oberseite der Solarplatte mit der Oberseite des Dachsteins fluchten kann und somit sich Schmutz nicht in Rändern und Vorsprüngen absetzen kann. Eine sichere Abdichtung wird erreicht, wenn am oberen Rand des Rahmens seitlich ein Zungenlängsprofil vorsteht, das am Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte dichtend anliegt.As a result, the projections are arranged very deep on the solar panel, so that they find a relatively low hold on the roof tile and thus the module itself sits high in the roof structure, so that the top of the solar panel can align with the top of the roof tile and thus dirt does not form in the edges and can make protrusions. A secure seal is achieved if a tongue-length profile protrudes laterally on the upper edge of the frame, which lies tightly against the roof tile / roof tile / wall panel.
Ein besonders dichter Halt der Solarplatte am Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte wird dann erreicht, wenn an der Oberfläche der Vorsprünge eine Vielzahl von Mikrobehältern (Mikropheres) befestigt sind, die einen Klebstoff enthalten. Hierbei kann in den Mikrobehältern zum einen Teil eine erste Komponente und zum anderen Teil eine zweite Komponente eines Zweikomponentenklebers enthalten sein.A particularly tight hold of the solar panel on the roof tile / roof tile / wall panel is achieved if a large number of micro containers (micropheres) are attached to the surface of the projections, which contain an adhesive. In this case, the micro-containers can contain a part of a first component and a part of a second component of a two-component adhesive.
Eine besonders gute Verbindung und optimaler Halt des photovoltaischen Elementes im Rahmen der Solarplatte wird dann erreicht, wenn zwischen dem photovoltaischen Element und dem Rahmen ein nicht metallisches, elastisches Material, insbesondere Silikon eingebracht ist, das nach seinem Aushärten eine wasserdichte Verbindung bildet. Hierbei geht das Silikon eine chemische Verbindung zum Glas des photovoltaischen Elementes als auch zum Kunststoff, insbesondere Silikon des Rahmens ein. Dies führt dazu, daß ein unlöslicher Halt geschaffen wird, der die Solarzellen vor dem Eindringen von korrosiven Atmosphärrien schützt.A particularly good connection and optimum hold of the photovoltaic element in the frame of the solar panel is achieved if a non-metallic, elastic material, in particular silicone, is introduced between the photovoltaic element and the frame, which forms a watertight connection after it has hardened. The silicone forms a chemical connection to the glass of the photovoltaic element as well as to the plastic, in particular silicone of the frame. This leads to the creation of an insoluble hold, which protects the solar cells from the penetration of corrosive atmospheres.
Durch die Anphasung der Glasscheibe der Solarplatte und einem Übergreifen des härtbaren Kunststoffes insbesondere Silikon wird ein besonderer Kantenschutz der bruchempfindlichen gehärteten Glasscheibe erreicht.By chamfering the glass pane of the solar panel and overlapping the hardenable plastic, in particular silicone, a special edge protection of the break-sensitive hardened glass pane is achieved.
Der Rahmen bildet mit der Glasscheibe eine glatte Ebene. Durch diese Anordnung kann Regenwasser ohne Stau glatt ablaufen, ohne daß sich Schutzpartikel im Randbereich der Solarplatte ansammeln können. Die Lichtdurch- lässigkeit der Glasscheibe der Solarplatte bleibt erhalten und eine Langzeitsauberkeit wird gewährt. Ein Reinigen der Solarplatte entfällt. _ n -The frame forms a smooth plane with the glass pane. With this arrangement, rainwater can run off smoothly without jamming, without protective particles being able to collect in the edge region of the solar panel. The translucency of the glass pane of the solar panel is maintained and long-term cleanliness is guaranteed. There is no need to clean the solar panel. _ n -
Eine besonders einfache und sichere Verkabelung wird dann erreicht, wenn an der Unterseite der Solarplatte eine Kabelhalterung nach unten vorsteht, die an der Solarplatte befestigt, insbesondere angeformt ist.A particularly simple and safe cabling is achieved if a cable holder protrudes downward on the underside of the solar plate, which is attached to the solar plate, in particular integrally formed thereon.
Das erfindungsgemäße Dachelemente Photovoltaic-System bringt eine Reihe von wesentlichen Vorteilen. Die Dächer können zunächst konventionell eingedeckt werden. Nachträglich können die Solarplatten in die Dachziegel eingedrückt und rutschsicher fixiert werden, die Energieversorgung schrittweise aufgebaut werden, ohne daß das Dach abgedeckt oder verändert werden muß.The roof element photovoltaic system according to the invention brings a number of significant advantages. The roofs can initially be covered conventionally. Subsequently, the solar panels can be pressed into the roof tiles and fixed in a non-slip manner, the energy supply can be built up gradually without the roof having to be covered or changed.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn zumindest an einer, insbesondere an beiden der zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Solarplatte ein Profil befestigt ist, das mindestens einen nach unten weisenden elastischen Schenkel aufweist, dessen Ende den oder die Vorsprünge bildet, die einschnappend in mindestens einer Ausnehmung der Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatten- Vertiefung einliegen. Hierdurch wird auch über lange Zeit ein sicherer Halt der Solarplatte erreicht. Insbesondere wenn das Profil aus Edelstahl oder Aluminium ist.It is particularly advantageous if a profile is fastened to at least one, in particular to both of the two opposite sides of the solar panel, which has at least one downward-pointing elastic leg, the end of which forms the projection or projections which snap into at least one recess of the Insert roof tile / roof tile / wall plate recess. This ensures that the solar panel is held securely over a long period of time. Especially if the profile is made of stainless steel or aluminum.
Zerstörende Verbiegungen der Solarzellen werden sicher verhindert, wenn eine der Maßnahmen nach den Ansprüchen 25 bis 28 vorgenommen werden.Destructive bending of the solar cells is reliably prevented if one of the measures according to claims 25 to 28 is carried out.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below. Show it:
Figur 1: Einen Schnitt durch den Dachziegel/Dachstein. Figur 2: Eine Draufsicht und Seitenansicht des Dachziegels/Dachsteins/der Wandplatte.Figure 1: A section through the roof tile. Figure 2: A top view and side view of the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate.
Figur 3: Einen Schnitt durch den seitlichen Rand der Solarplatte im Bereich einer Längsseite.Figure 3: A section through the side edge of the solar panel in the area of a long side.
Figur 4: Einen Schnitt durch den seitlichen Rand der Solarplatte im Bereich einer Schmalseite mit angeformter Kabelhaltung.Figure 4: A section through the side edge of the solar panel in the area of a narrow side with molded cable holder.
Figur 5: Einen Schnitt durch den seitlichen Rand der Solarplatte im Bereich einer Schmalseite mit angeformter Kabelhaltung.Figure 5: A section through the side edge of the solar panel in the area of a narrow side with molded cable holder.
Figru 6: Einen Schnitt durch die Solarplatte nach Figur 5•Figru 6: A section through the solar panel according to Figure 5 •
Figur 7: Einen Schnitt durch eine Ausführung, bei der die Trägerplatte der Solarplatte die seitlichen elastischen Vorsprünge bildet.Figure 7: A section through an embodiment in which the carrier plate of the solar plate forms the lateral elastic projections.
Figur 8: Einen Schnitt durch den Dachziegel/Dachstein/ Wandplatte in einer dritten Ausführung mit Halteprofilen aus Metall.Figure 8: A section through the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate in a third embodiment with holding profiles made of metal.
Figur 9 : Einen Schnitt durch den Dachziegel/Dachstein/ Wandplatte in einer vierten Ausführung mit Halteprofilen aus Metall.Figure 9: A section through the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate in a fourth embodiment with holding profiles made of metal.
Figur 10: Die Unterseite der dritten oder vierten Ausführung mit Versteifungsrippen.Figure 10: The underside of the third or fourth version with stiffening ribs.
Figur 11: Die Oberseite der dritten oder viertenFigure 11: The top of the third or fourth
Ausführung mit schwächenden Vertiefungen. Figur 12: Einen Schnitt durch Dachziegel/Dachstein/Version with debilitating depressions. Figure 12: A section through roof tiles / Dachstein /
Wandplatte mit federnden Halteprofilen bzw. Bügeln.Wall plate with resilient holding profiles or brackets.
Figur 13: Einen Schnitt durch den Befestigungsbereich mit Federstiftelementen undFigure 13: A section through the fastening area with spring pin elements and
Figur l : einen Schnitt durch den Befestigungsbereich mit eingebrachten Adaptionsbüchsen.Figure l: a section through the mounting area with inserted adapter sleeves.
Ein Dachziegel/Dachstein/eine Wandplatte, im folgenden nur noch Dachziegel 1 genannt, besteht aus Ton, Keramik, Beton oder Kunststoff und weist eine nach oben hin offene Vertiefung 2 auf, so daß der Dachziegel 1 einen U-förmigen Querschnitt großer Breite besitzt, dessen freie Schenkel nach außen abgewinkelt sind, um die traditionellen, verzahnenden, verpfalzenden Überlappungen zu schaffen.A roof tile / roof tile / wall plate, hereinafter only called roof tile 1, consists of clay, ceramic, concrete or plastic and has an upwardly open recess 2, so that the roof tile 1 has a U-shaped cross section of great width, whose free legs are angled outwards to create the traditional, interlocking, interlocking overlaps.
In den seitlichen Innenrändern 3 der Vertiefung 2 sind einzelne Ausnehmungen 4 eingebracht, in denen Vorsprünge 5 der Solarplatte 6 einliegen. Die Solarplatte 6 deckt damit die Oberseite der Vertiefung 2 vollständig ab, wobei die Solarplatte 6 mit Solarzellen (photovoltaische Elemente) 7 besteht, die von einem Rahmen 8 rundum umgeben sind.In the lateral inner edges 3 of the recess 2, individual recesses 4 are made, in which projections 5 of the solar panel 6 lie. The solar plate 6 thus completely covers the top of the recess 2, the solar plate 6 consisting of solar cells (photovoltaic elements) 7 which are surrounded by a frame 8 all around.
An der Außenseite des rechteckförmigen Rahmens 8 sind an beiden Längsseiten die Vorsprünge 5 angeformt, die aus einem weichen Material, insbesondere aus einem weichen Kunststoff (Silikon) bestehen. Der Rahmen 8 kann aus dem gleichen Material gefertigt sein. Die Vorsprünge 5 erstrecken sich nicht über die gesamte Länge des Seitenrandes des Rahmens 8, sondern jede Seite des Rahmens weist zwei oder mehr einzelne Vorsprünge 5 auf, die in entsprechend geformten einzelnen Ausnehmungen der Innenränder bzw. Innenseitenwänden formschlüssig einliegen.On the outside of the rectangular frame 8, the projections 5 are formed on both longitudinal sides, which consist of a soft material, in particular a soft plastic (silicone). The frame 8 can be made of the same material. The projections 5 do not extend over the entire length of the side edge of the frame 8, but each side of the frame has two or more individual projections 5, which are in correspondingly shaped individual recesses in the Insert the inner edges or inner side walls in a form-fitting manner.
Damit weisen die Ausnehmungen 4 eine Länge auf, die nur ein Bruchteil der Gesamtlänge des Innenrandes 3 betragen. Hierbei können die Ausnehmungen 4 Nutenabschnitte, Langlöcher, Taschen und/oder Bohrungen sein.Thus, the recesses 4 have a length that is only a fraction of the total length of the inner edge 3. The recesses can be 4 groove sections, slots, pockets and / or bores.
Die Vorsprünge 5 erstrecken sich am unteren Rand seitlich nach außen schräg nach unten in einem Winkel von ca. 45 Grad, so daß der Rahmen 8 so hoch im Dachziegel 1 liegen kann, daß oberhalb der Solarplatte 6 keine Vertiefung oder nur eine Vertiefung geringerer Höhe besteht. Durch diese Anordnung wird die Abschattung des Dachziegelrandes auf die Solarplatte vernachlässigbar gering, so daß der direkte Lichteinfall auf die Solarzellen auch bei schräg niedrig stehender Sonne gewährleistet ist.The projections 5 extend at the lower edge laterally outwards obliquely downward at an angle of approximately 45 degrees, so that the frame 8 can lie so high in the roof tile 1 that there is no depression or only a depression of lesser height above the solar plate 6 . With this arrangement, the shading of the roof tile edge on the solar panel is negligible, so that the direct incidence of light on the solar cells is guaranteed even when the sun is at an angle.
Durch die spezielle Anordnung der Vorsprünge 5 unterhalb der Solarplatte 6 entsteht die Feder-Klemmwirkung zur Fixierung der Solarplatte 6 an den Dachziegel.The special arrangement of the projections 5 below the solar panel 6 creates the spring-clamping effect for fixing the solar panel 6 to the roof tile.
Am oberen Rand des Rahmens 8 ist ein zungenförmiges Längsprofil 9 angeformt, daß seitlich etwa waagerecht vorsteht und am Innenrand 3 oben dichtend anliegt. An der Oberfläche des Vorsprungs 5 kann eine Vielzahl von Mikrobehältern befestigt sein, die einen Klebstoff enthalten. Hierbei können die Mikrobehälter zum einen Teil eine erste Komponente und zum anderen Teil eine zweite Komponente eines Zweikomponentenklebers enthalten, so daß nach Eindrücken des Vorsprungs 5 in die Ausnehmung 4 die Mikrobehälter zerplatzen, deren Inhalt sich vermischen und einen schnell festwerdenen Kleber bilden. Zwischen den photovoltaischen Elementen bzw. Solarzellen 7 und den Rahmen 8 befindet sich ein nichtmetallisches elastische Material, insbesondere ein Kunststoff (Silikon) 10, das nach seinem Aushärten eine wasserfeste Verbindung zwischen diesen Teilen an ihren Rändern bildet und hiermit auch chemische Verbindungen mit diesen Rändern eingeht.At the upper edge of the frame 8, a tongue-shaped longitudinal profile 9 is formed that protrudes laterally approximately horizontally and rests sealingly on the inner edge 3 above. A plurality of micro-containers containing an adhesive can be attached to the surface of the projection 5. Here, the microcontainers can contain a first component and a second component a second component of a two-component adhesive, so that after pressing the projection 5 into the recess 4, the microcontainers burst, the contents of which mix and form a fast-setting adhesive. Between the photovoltaic elements or solar cells 7 and the frame 8 there is a non-metallic elastic material, in particular a plastic (silicone) 10, which forms a water-tight connection between these parts at its edges after it has hardened and thereby also forms chemical connections with these edges .
Eine besonders gute Haftung des Rahmens 8 an der Solarplatte 6 wird dadurch erreicht, daß die zum Licht gerichteten oberen Kanten 14 der Glasscheibe 13 der Solarplatte 6 schräg angephast sind, so daß der chemisch reagierende Kunststoff (Silikon) 10 über die Glasscheibe greift und somit eine festere Verbindung des Rahmens 8 mit der Solarplatte 6 erreicht wird.A particularly good adhesion of the frame 8 to the solar plate 6 is achieved in that the upper edges 14 of the glass pane 13 facing the light 13 of the solar plate 6 are chamfered so that the chemically reactive plastic (silicone) 10 grips over the glass pane and thus a firmer connection of the frame 8 with the solar panel 6 is achieved.
Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß durch dieses Übergreifen des Kunststoffes 10 über die Glasscheibenkante 13 ein Kantenschutz gegen mechanische und chemische Angriffe gewährleistet ist. Dies ist umso wichtiger, da die Glasscheibe gehärtet ist und sehr stoßempfindlich ist.Another advantage is that this overlapping of the plastic 10 over the glass pane edge 13 guarantees edge protection against mechanical and chemical attacks. This is all the more important since the glass pane is hardened and very sensitive to impact.
Durch diese Rahmenanordnung 8-10 wird erreicht, daß Regenwasser glatt abfließen kann und keine schmutzbildenden Partikel im Randbereich abgelagert werden. Dies ist ein wesentlicher Vorteil gegenüber allen bekannten Rahmungen von Solarplatten.This frame arrangement 8-10 ensures that rainwater can flow off smoothly and no dirt-forming particles are deposited in the edge area. This is a major advantage over all known frames of solar panels.
An der Unterseite der Solarplatte 6 ist am Rahmen 8 eine Kabelhalterung 11 nach unten vorstehend angeformt, wobei sowohl an der unteren Schmalseite, als an der oberen Schmalseite je eine Kabelhalterung sich an der Solarplatte 6 befindet. Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 5 und 6 unterscheidet sich von dem nach Figur 1 bis 4 dadurch, daß die Vorsprünge 5 eine ballige Außenform haben, deren Hauptachse (Längsachse) waagerecht liegt. Diese Vorsprünge sind besonders flexibel, wenn sie aus einem sehr weichen Material wie z.B. Moosgummi sind und/oder sie sind innen hohl (Hohlkörper, Hohlprofil), wie dies in den Figuren 5 und 6 auf der linken Seite gezeigt ist.On the underside of the solar plate 6, a cable holder 11 is formed on the frame 8 and protrudes downward, with a cable holder being located on the solar plate 6 both on the lower narrow side and on the upper narrow side. The exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from that according to FIGS. 1 to 4 in that the projections 5 have a spherical outer shape, the main axis (longitudinal axis) of which is horizontal. These projections are particularly flexible if they are made of a very soft material such as foam rubber and / or they are hollow on the inside (hollow body, hollow profile), as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 on the left side.
Wie in Figur 11 dargestellt, kann die Trägerplatte 6a der Solarplatte aus einem biegsamen Material bestehen, an dem hakenförmige Teile 5 bzw. Vorsprünge oder Zungen zu beiden Seiten vorstehen, um federnd in den Ausnehmungen 4 des Dachziegels/Dachsteins bzw. der Wandplatte einzurasten.As shown in FIG. 11, the carrier plate 6a of the solar plate can consist of a flexible material, on which hook-shaped parts 5 or projections or tongues protrude on both sides in order to springily engage in the recesses 4 of the roof tile / roof tile or the wall plate.
Durch Eindrücken des Polymer-PV.-Moduls werden die federnden Haken nach innen über die Adaptionsgeometrie gebogen und rasten anschließend in die entsprechenden Vertiefungen in den Dachelementen ein.By pushing in the polymer PV module, the resilient hooks are bent inwards over the adaptation geometry and then snap into the corresponding recesses in the roof elements.
Über die Armlänge insbesondere durch einen gebogenen Federbereich (18a) (Figur 12) wird der Federweg der Schnappverbindung bestimmt, über die Biegestellen wird die Wölbung des Polymer-PV.-Moduls erzeugt.The spring travel of the snap connection is determined via the arm length, in particular through a curved spring region (18a) (FIG. 12), and the curvature of the polymer PV module is generated via the bending points.
Die Biegekräfte werden durch die Verrippung von den Solarzellen abgehalten. Die Vorspannung in dem Dachelement wird über die leichte Übergröße der Trägerplatte in dem Dachelement erzeugt.The ribbing forces keep the bending forces away from the solar cells. The prestress in the roof element is generated by the slight oversize of the carrier plate in the roof element.
Durch die Geometrie der Schnappverbindung in Kombination mit den Schwach-Biegesteilen wird der PV.-Modul bei leichter Übergröße immer nach oben leicht gewölbt. Auf eine Glasfaser- und/oder Glaskugel verstärkten Trägerplatte (6a) aus Keramik, Beton oder Glas werden Solarzellen fixiert. Zwischen den Solarzellen werden Einkerbungen 20 in die Trägerplatte 6a eingearbeitet, so daß an diesen schwächeren Stellen 20 die Trägerplatte gebogen werden kann, ohne daß die Biegekräfte die Solarzellen schädigend verbiegen, Ein Verbiegen der Solarzellen wird auch dadurch verhindet, daß sich unter den Solarzellen torsionsfeste Verrippungen 21 befinden. Zwischen den Solarzellen ist die Trägerplatte so dünnwandig, daß sie gebogen werden kann (Durchwölbung nach innen) .Due to the geometry of the snap connection in combination with the weakly bent parts, the PV module is always slightly curved upwards in the case of slightly larger sizes. Solar cells are fixed on a glass fiber and / or glass ball reinforced carrier plate (6a) made of ceramic, concrete or glass. Notches 20 are worked into the carrier plate 6a between the solar cells, so that the carrier plate can be bent at these weaker points 20 without the bending forces damaging the solar cells. Bending of the solar cells is also prevented by the fact that under the solar cells there are torsion-resistant ribs 21 are located. The carrier plate between the solar cells is so thin-walled that it can be bent (arching inwards).
Zumindest an einer, insbesondere an beiden der zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Solarplatte sind Profile 17 befestigt, die mindestens einen nach unten weisenden elastischen Schenkel 18 aufweist, dessen Ende den oder die Vorsprünge 19 bildet, die einschnappend in mindestens einer Ausnehmung derAt least on one, in particular on both of the two opposite sides of the solar panel, profiles 17 are fastened, which have at least one downward-pointing elastic leg 18, the end of which forms the projection or projections 19, which snap into at least one recess of the
Dachziegel/Dachstein-/Wandplatten-Vertiefung einliegen. An der Trägerplatte sind damit Adaptionszungen bzw. federnde Haken, insbesondere Profile alsInsert roof tile / roof tile / wall plate recess. Adaption tongues or resilient hooks, in particular profiles, are thus on the support plate
Schnappverschlüsse befestigt, die in die Vertiefungen der Dachziegel bei Durchwölbung einrasten. Bei Entspannen der Durchwölbung bleibt der Polymer-Modul unter leichter Spannung in dem Dachziegel. Hierbei weist das Profil 17 in seinem oberen Bereich eine Ausnehmung, insbesondere eine Längsnut (Längskanal) 16 auf, in der der Seitenrand der Solarplatte insbesondere formschlüssig einliegt. Das Profil 17 ist aus Metall, insbesondere Edelstahl oder Aluminium.Snap fasteners attached, which snap into the recesses of the roof tiles when arching. When the arching is relaxed, the polymer module remains in the roof tile under slight tension. Here, the profile 17 has in its upper region a recess, in particular a longitudinal groove (longitudinal channel) 16, in which the side edge of the solar panel lies in a particularly positive manner. The profile 17 is made of metal, in particular stainless steel or aluminum.
Die Zungen 5 sind so konstruiert, daß sie sich während des Eindrückens des Moduls wölben können. Die leichte Spannung der Trägerplatte, verbunden mit einer geringen Wölbung gleicht Toleranzen der Dachziegel aus. Durch ein geringes Verdrehen der Trägerplatte lassen sich Verwindungstoleranzen unter den Adaptionsnuten ausgleichen. Das blau angelassene V^A-Federelement 17, 18, 19 rastet in die Adaptionsgeometrie des Dachziegels/Dachsteins ein. Das Federelement wird in Vertiefungen der Trägerplatte geschoben und bei dem anschließenden Lamminiervorgang fest fixiert.The tongues 5 are designed so that they can bulge while the module is being pushed in. The slight tension of the carrier plate, combined with a slight curvature, compensates for the tolerances of the roof tiles. Through a slight twisting of the carrier plate can compensate for torsion tolerances under the adaptation grooves. The blue tempered V ^ A spring element 17, 18, 19 snaps into the adaptation geometry of the roof tile / roof tile. The spring element is pushed into recesses in the carrier plate and firmly fixed in the subsequent lambing process.
Statt oder zusätzlich zu den Federelementen 17, 18, 19 können an der Solarplatte auch Federstiftelemente 22 befestigt sein, die durch eine Schraubendruckfeder 23 belastet sind und deren vorderes, spitz zulaufendes Ende 24 in der entsprechend geformten Ausnehmung 25 der Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte einrastet. Die Ausnehmung 25 kann von einem Lagerteil (26) insbesondere in Buchsenform aus Metall oder Kunststoff gebildet sein, das in das Material des Dachziegels/Dachsteins/der Wandplatte eingegossen, eingepreßt oder eingeklebt ist. Damit ist ein besonders sicherer und vom Material des Dachziegels/Dachsteins/Wandplatte unabhängiger Halt gegeben.Instead of or in addition to the spring elements 17, 18, 19, spring pin elements 22 can also be fastened to the solar plate, which are loaded by a helical compression spring 23 and whose front, tapering end 24 snaps into the correspondingly shaped recess 25 of the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate. The recess 25 can be formed by a bearing part (26) in particular in the form of a socket made of metal or plastic, which is cast, pressed or glued into the material of the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate. This provides a particularly secure hold that is independent of the material of the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate.
Dachziegel aus Ton werden gebrannt und haben produktionsbedingt in allen Achsen Toleranzen. Diese werden durch die konstruktionsbedingte Ausführung der Trägerplatte ausgeglichen. Die Trägerplatte mit den Solarzellen wird hermetisch in Fluorpolymer-Kunststoff eingeschmolzen. Durch chemische Haftvermittler und durch Löcher in der Trägerplatte wird ein unlöslicher Verbund chemisch und mechanisch zwischem dem Trägermaterial und den Solarzellen geschaffen.Clay roof tiles are fired and have tolerances in all axes due to production. These are compensated for by the design-related design of the carrier plate. The carrier plate with the solar cells is hermetically sealed in fluoropolymer. Chemical adhesion promoters and holes in the carrier plate create an insoluble bond chemically and mechanically between the carrier material and the solar cells.
Die Ummantelung der Stromkabel ist im Außenbereich aus dem gleichen Polymer wie das den Modul einschließenden Polymer. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß eine mechanisch-ausreißfeste und witterungsbeständige, korrosionsfeste elektrische Verbindung geschaffen wird. Folgende Merkmale sind bei dem Dachziegel/Dachstein bzw. der Wandplatte besonders vorteilhaft:The outer sheath of the power cable is made of the same polymer as the polymer enclosing the module. This ensures that a mechanical, tear-resistant and weather-resistant, corrosion-resistant electrical connection is created. The following features are particularly advantageous for roof tiles / roof tiles or wall panels:
- Der umschließende Kunststoff der Solarplatte 6 ist ein Fluorpolymer. Hierbei ist der Polymerkunststoff über einen Haftvermittler chemisch mit den Solarzellen und dem Trägermaterial verbunden. Der Polymerkunststoff kann hierbei über durchgehende Löcher, Vertiefungen, Bohrungen mechanisch mit dem Trägermaterial verbunden sein.- The surrounding plastic of the solar panel 6 is a fluoropolymer. Here, the polymer plastic is chemically bonded to the solar cells and the carrier material via an adhesion promoter. The polymer plastic can be mechanically connected to the carrier material via through holes, depressions, bores.
- Die Zungen an der Trägerplatte rasten in die Adaptionsgeometrien der Dachelemente so ein, daß eine leichte Spannungswölbung den PV.-Modul so an den Dachziegel adaptiert, daß Fertigungstoleranzen des Dachelementes in Längs-, Quer- und Verwindungsebenen ausgeglichen werden. Die Adaptionsgeometrie der Trägerplatte ist somit eine federnde Konstruktion (Schnappverbindung) .- The tongues on the carrier plate snap into the adaptation geometries of the roof elements in such a way that a slight tension curvature adapts the PV module to the roof tile in such a way that manufacturing tolerances of the roof element in longitudinal, transverse and torsional planes are compensated for. The adaptation geometry of the carrier plate is thus a resilient construction (snap connection).
- Die elektrische Verkabelung besteht aus drei Bestandteilen: einem Kabel, einer ersten Ummantelung aus einem hochtemperaturbeständigem Polymer und einer zweiten Ummantelung, die aus dem gleichen Polymer wie das verkapselnde Polymer besteht. Hierbei wird das elektrische Kabel hermetisch abdichtend, mechanisch fest in das PV.-Modul eingeschmolzen. Das elektrische Kabel kann an einem U-förmigen Führungskanal fixiert werden. Die Verdrahtung der Solarzellen erfolgt auf der Rückseite der Trägerplatte, insbesondere durch eine Leiterplattentechnologie. - The electrical wiring consists of three components: a cable, a first jacket made of a high temperature-resistant polymer and a second jacket made of the same polymer as the encapsulating polymer. The electrical cable is hermetically sealed and mechanically sealed into the PV module. The electrical cable can be fixed to a U-shaped guide channel. The solar cells are wired on the back of the carrier plate, in particular using printed circuit board technology.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte (1) aus einer Platte aus Ton, Keramik, Beton, Faserzement oder Kunststoff als Träger einer an der Oberseite befestigten Solarplatte (6) mit photovoltaischen Solarzellen (7)» wobei die Solarplatte (6) zumindest mit zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten an der Oberseite des Dachziegels/Dachsteins/Wandplatte formschlüssig an den Innenrändern (3) einer Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatten -Vertiefung (2) befestigt ist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t ,1. roof tile / roof slate / wall plate (1) consists of a plate made of clay, ceramic, concrete, fiber cement or plastic as the support a attached to the top solar panel (6) with photovoltaic solar cells (7) »wherein the solar panel (6) with at least two opposite sides on the top of the roof tile / roof tile / wall panel is positively attached to the inner edges (3) of a roof tile / roof tile / wall panel recess (2), characterized in that
- daß die Vorsprünge (5. 19) aufgrund ihrer Eigenelastizität in Ausnehmungen (4) der Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatten-Vertiefung (2) einschnappend insbesondere formschlüssig gehalten sind.- That the projections (5. 19) due to their inherent elasticity in recesses (4) of the roof tile / roof tile / wall panel recess (2) are held in a particularly positive manner.
2. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Solarplatte (6) auf zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten pro Seite zwei oder mehr einzelne Vorsprünge (5) aufweist, die in entsprechend geformten einzelnen Ausnehmungen (4) der Innenränder (3) formschlüssig einliegen.2. roof tile / roof tile / wall panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar panel (6) on two opposite sides per side has two or more individual projections (5) which in correspondingly shaped individual recesses (4) of the inner edges (3) form fit.
3. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Ausnehmungen (4) am unteren Seitenrand des Dachziegels/Dachsteins/Wandplatte seitlich einliegen. 3. roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses (4) lie laterally on the lower side edge of the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate.
4. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Vorsprünge (5) aus einem elastischen Material insbesondere Gummi oder weichem Kunststoff bestehen.4. roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n z e i c h n e t that the projections (5) consist of an elastic material, in particular rubber or soft plastic.
5. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Ausnehmungen (4) eine Länge aufweisen, die ein Bruchteil der Gesamtlänge des Innenrandes (3) beträgt.5. roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n z e i c h n e t that the recesses (4) have a length which is a fraction of the total length of the inner edge (3).
6. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Ausnehmungen (4) Nutenabschnitte, Langlöcher, Taschen und/oder Bohrungen sind.6. roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the recesses (4) are groove sections, slots, pockets and / or holes.
7. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Vorsprünge (5) von einem Rahmen (8) getragen oder gebildet insbesondere an einem Rahmen angeformt sind, der die Solarplatte (6) umgibt.7. roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the projections (5) by a frame (8) are carried or formed, in particular formed on a frame which surrounds the solar plate (6).
8. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Vorsprünge (5) schräg nach unten an der Solarplattenunterseite vorstehen.8. roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n z e i c h n e t that the projections (5) protrude obliquely downwards on the underside of the solar plate.
9. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß am oberen Rand des Rahmens (8) seitlich ein Zungenlängsprofil (9) vorsteht, das am Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte (1) dichtend anliegt. 9. roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that on the upper edge of the frame (8) laterally a tongue profile (9) protrudes, which bears sealingly on the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate (1).
10. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß an der Oberfläche der Vorsprünge (5) eine Vielzahl von Mikrobehältern (Mikropheres) (12) befestigt sind, die einen Klebstoff enthalten.10. Roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that a plurality of micro-containers (micropheres) (12) are attached to the surface of the projections (5), which contain an adhesive.
11. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach Anspruch 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß in den Mikrobehältern (12) zum einen Teil eine erste Komponente und zum anderen Teil eine zweite Komponente eines Zweikomponentenklebers enthalten sind.11. Roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to claim 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the micro-containers (12) contain a part of a first component and part of a second component of a two-component adhesive.
12. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß zwischen dem photovoltaischen Element (7) und dem Rahmen (8) ein nicht metallisches, elastisches Material (10), insbesondere Silikon eingebracht ist, das nach seinem Aushärten eine wasserdichte Verbindung bildet.12. Roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a non-metallic, elastic material (10), in particular silicone, is introduced between the photovoltaic element (7) and the frame (8), which after curing has a waterproof Connection forms.
13- Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß an der Unterseite der Solarplatte (6) eine Kabelhalterung (11) nach unten vorsteht, die an der Solarplatte befestigt, insbesondere angeformt ist.13- roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that on the underside of the solar plate (6) projects a cable holder (11) downwards, which is attached to the solar plate, in particular molded.
14. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Glasscheibe (13) der Solarplatte (6) an den zum lichtzugewandten Kanten (14) ringsherum angephast ist. 14. Roof tile / roof tile / wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glass pane (13) of the solar panel (6) on the light-facing edges (14) is chamfered all around.
15. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Vorsprünge (5) von einem Hohlkörper insbesondere einem Hohlprofil aus elastischem Material gebildet sind.15. Roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, that a d u r c h g e k e n e z e c h n e t that the projections (5) are formed by a hollow body, in particular a hollow profile made of elastic material.
16. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Vorsprung einen ovalen Querschnitt besitzt.16. roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the projection has an oval cross-section.
17. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß zumindest an einer, insbesondere an beiden der zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Solarplatte ein Abschnitt eines Profils (17) befestigt ist, das mindestens einen nach unten weisenden elastischen Schenkel (18) aufweist, dessen Ende den oder die Vorsprünge (19) bildet, die einschnappend in mindestens einer Ausnehmung der Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatten-Vertiefung einliegen.17. Roof tile / roof tile / wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least on one, in particular on both of the two opposite sides of the solar panel, a section of a profile (17) is attached, which has at least one downward-pointing elastic leg (18th ), the end of which forms the protrusion (s) (19) which snap into at least one recess in the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate recess.
18. Dachstein/Dachziegel/Wandplatte nach Anspruch 17, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der elastische Schenkel (18) einen gebogenen Federbereich (18a) als Toleranzausgleich aufweist.18. Dachstein / Dachziegel / Wandplatte according to claim 17, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the elastic leg (18) has a curved spring region (18a) as tolerance compensation.
19- Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Profil (17) in seinem oberen Bereich eine Ausnehmung, insbesondere eine Längsnut (Längskanal) (16) aufweist, in der der Seitenrand der Solarplatte insbesondere formschlüssig einliegt. 19- roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the profile (17) has in its upper region a recess, in particular a longitudinal groove (longitudinal channel) (16), in which the side edge of the solar panel is particularly positive.
20. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der elastische Schenkel (18) sich über die gesamte Länge oder nur über einen kurzen Teil der Länge der Solarplatte erstreckt.20. roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of claims 17 to 19, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the elastic leg (18) extends over the entire length or only over a short part of the length of the solar plate.
21. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 20, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Profil (17) aus Metall, insbesondere Edelstahl oder Aluminium ist.21. Roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of claims 17 to 20, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the profile (17) made of metal, in particular stainless steel or aluminum.
22. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die an der Solarplatte befestigten Vorsprünge von federbelasteten Stiften (22) gebildet sind.22. Roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n z e i c h n e t that the projections attached to the solar panel are formed by spring-loaded pins (22).
23. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach Anspruch 22, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das äußere Ende (24) der Stifte (22) eine Form aufweist, die der Innenform der Ausnehmungen (4) des Dachziegels/Dachsteins/Wandplatte entspricht.23 roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to claim 22, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the outer end (24) of the pins (22) has a shape which corresponds to the inner shape of the recesses (4) of the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate.
24. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Ausnehmungen (4) des Dachziegels/Dachsteins/Wandplatte von insbesondere buchsenförmigen Lagerteilen (26) insbesondere aus Metall oder Kunststoff gebildet sind, die in den Ton oder Beton des Dachziegels/Dachsteins/Wandplatte eingegossen, eingepreßt oder eingeklebt sind.24. Roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recesses (4) of the roof tile / roof tile / wall plate are formed in particular from bush-shaped bearing parts (26) in particular made of metal or plastic, which in the clay or concrete of the roof tile / Roof tile / wall plate are cast, pressed or glued.
25. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Trägerplatte (6a) der Solarplatte (6) aus Glas ist. 25. Roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier plate (6a) of the solar plate (6) is made of glass.
26. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Trägerplatte der Solarplatte an ihrer Unterseite vorstehende Rippen (21) zur Versteifung im Bereich der Solarzellen (7) aufweist.26. Roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the support plate of the solar plate has on its underside projecting ribs (21) for stiffening in the region of the solar cells (7).
27. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach Anspruch 26, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß im Bereich der Zwischenräume zwischen den Solarzellen (7) die Unterseite frei von Rippen ist.27. Roof tile / roof tile / wall panel according to claim 26, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that in the region of the spaces between the solar cells (7) the underside is free of ribs.
28. Dachziegel/Dachstein/Wandplatte nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß im Bereich der Zwischenräume zwischen den Solarzellen (7) das Material der Oberseite schwächende Vertiefungen (20), insbesondere Rinnen, Schlitze, Kerben oder Nuten aufweist. 28. Roof tile / roof tile / wall plate according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that in the region of the spaces between the solar cells (7), the material of the top side has weakening depressions (20), in particular channels, slots, notches or grooves.
EP94927556A 1993-09-16 1994-09-03 Solar roofing tile/slab Withdrawn EP0719459A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4331424 1993-09-16
DE4331425A DE4331425A1 (en) 1993-09-16 1993-09-16 Solar module with perforated panel
DE4331424 1993-09-16
DE4331425 1993-09-16
DE4411458A DE4411458C2 (en) 1993-09-16 1994-04-01 Roof tile
DE4411458 1994-04-01
PCT/EP1994/002943 WO1995008194A1 (en) 1993-09-16 1994-09-03 Solar roofing tile/slab

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EP0719459A1 true EP0719459A1 (en) 1996-07-03

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EP94927556A Withdrawn EP0719459A1 (en) 1993-09-16 1994-09-03 Solar roofing tile/slab

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US (1) US5768831A (en)
EP (1) EP0719459A1 (en)
AU (1) AU7694094A (en)
WO (1) WO1995008194A1 (en)

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US5768831A (en) 1998-06-23
WO1995008194A1 (en) 1995-03-23

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