DE10046134A1 - Roof and facade shingle has carrier plate which extends over photovoltaic cell in at least one direction - Google Patents

Abstract

The shingle includes a transparent carrier plate (12) for a photovoltaic cell which is covered round each edge at least by the carrier plate (12). A covering for the photovoltaic cell is arranged on the side of the photovoltaic cell, opposite the carrier plate. The carrier plate extends over the photovoltaic cell in at least one direction.

Description

The invention relates to a roof and facade shingle comprising an outside, when assembled, transparent support plate for a photovoltaic cell, a Photovoltaic cell, whose outward and against the Carrier plate contact surface through the carrier plate is covered at least flush (in a plan view) and one on the roof or facade side, i.e. on that of the carrier plate opposite side of the photovoltaic cell Cover plate for the photovoltaic cell.  

The photovoltaic cell always corresponds to the whole Solar cell surface. This can e.g. B. when using (mono- or poly) solar cells consist of several solar cells that interconnected via so-called contact strips become. Thin-film solar cells can be used internally can be interconnected.

When covering or cladding roofs and facades with solar power modules there is always the problem of Weather protection or the sealing function against rain.

For covering roofs in particular and at the same time Ensuring rainproofness, it is known so far Screw standard solar modules onto a finished roof as so-called "on-roof solution". As a roof-integrated solution continue to exist, solar power modules that are special Sealing trays are mounted, mostly made of plastic exist, which then take over the actual sealing function.

The solar modules themselves are not rainproof Surface. Furthermore, it is known to have solar power modules Glue on the carrier plates or roof tiles. With these Roof tiles are then covered, so that on this Way a rainproof surface is created. Such a thing System is, for example, the system from Atlantis Solar Systeme AG from Switzerland, this under the name "Sunslate (R)" sells.  

The problem with all these modules is, on the one hand, that in addition to the production of the solar modules, the step of Integration into the brick is necessary. Furthermore, they are known systems complex in assembly and in Cabling technology between the solar power modules. In particular, it should be noted that since the wiring must take place before attaching the solar power modules to the roof, the laying of the solar power modules is not without voltage can. It is therefore often next to the for assembly Roofers need an electrician.

In addition, the roof shingles, as z. B. from offered by Atlantis Solar Systeme AG, the Disadvantage that the prefabricated solar modules on the Surface of conventional roof shingles are arranged so that itself when laying, i.e. covering one Roof, gaps between the individual tiles or Result in solar modules into which water can flow or which have to be sealed separately. The roof tiles, e.g. B. Eternit panels arranged below the solar modules are rainproof in the conventional way lay, the solar modules arranged on them, the sublime arranged on it, however, destroy the continuous Surface again, from the water without getting into grooves expires. In addition to the poorer drainage of rainwater, the by mounting the solar power modules on the outside of the  Shingle arises, this also becomes Risk of contamination increased.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a roof and Facade shingle to provide the mechanical and is easy to assemble electrically, a small Has manufacturing costs and rainproofness as well as a good one Drainage behavior guaranteed for rainwater.

The invention solves this problem by a roof and Façade shingle, in which the transparent support plate Photovoltaic cell to form an overlap area with overhanging adjacent shingles in at least one direction. The carrier plate is with the photovoltaic cell for example via an adhesive connection or other usual Connection types connected. You can do three Side edges of the photovoltaic cell with this essentially finish flush, facing in one direction Towering photovoltaic cell. Always flush also be understood an arrangement in which the Carrier plate or the cover that covered with solar cells Area by a certain amount (approx. 10 to 30 mm) or one Sealing edge protrudes to a tight encapsulation sure.  

It is not necessary that additional protective films or Covers apart from the backing plate as well roof-side cover are provided. Provided in the following only on roofs, this also applies to Facades.

All types of crystalline can be used as photovoltaic cells Solar modules as well as thin-film solar modules and finally all suitable for the production of photovoltaic modules Embedding techniques, e.g. B. Laminates with PVB, EVA and PU Foil and cast resin embedding are used.

In thin-film solar modules, the CIS cell is the front Cell particularly suitable because this type is the active one Solar cell surface on the front (i.e. that of the sun facing side) of the cover (e.g. a 3 mm thick Glass pane). In this case, the active Solar cell surface created directly against the carrier plate become. With other solar modules with on the back of the Covering the existing active area from, for example Amorphous silicon becomes another in addition to the cover Back plate needed.

Such roof shingles are easy to assemble systems represents, especially since the photovoltaic cells on the Outside of the support plate are arranged,  the carrier plate facing the only and thus the roof surface or outside forms a continuous Has surface. It becomes a flat surface of the roof or the facade achieved. The photovoltaic cells are now there with the covered roof underneath the carrier plate and protected by this.

In particular, it can be provided that in addition to the carrier plate also the cover on the roof side, i.e. on the Carrier plate facing away from the photovoltaic cell on this is arranged, this projects in at least one direction. The direction of the cover plate and the carrier plate in which these tower above the photovoltaic cell, are identical, preferably support and cover plate can be aligned be arranged.

They are rectangular, but also essentially diamond-shaped shingle shapes possible. With a rectangular one Basic shape of the shingle can be provided that the Longitudinal photovoltaic cell more than 3/4, preferably extends at most over half of the shingle. On the remaining three sides, photovoltaic cells and Carrier plate may be aligned one above the other.

In the provision of essentially diamond-shaped Shingle shapes can in particular be provided that the Photovoltaic cell is also diamond-shaped, but one  has a shorter edge length. In particular, it can be provided that the photovoltaic cell with one Tip fitted into a tip of the diamond-shaped shingle is, so that the carrier plate on two edges with the The photovoltaic cell is aligned and in the area of the other two Edges protrude beyond them, d. H. on two side edges the top view of the photovoltaic cell and carrier plate flush with the edge.

In particular, it can be provided that at a diamond-shaped shingles all angles are 90 °.

The twisting takes place with both rectangular and also with diamond-shaped shingles from bottom to top, whereby each row of shingles to the next by half Shingle width, laterally offset. It can be provided be that each row of shingles has the same number of shingles has or it can be provided that there are rows with fewer shingles with rows with more shingles alternate. The constriction always takes place so that the Photovoltaic area of the shingle not through the overlying row of shingles is covered and the Shingles only in the area of the transparent carrier plate cover.

Through the below, d. H. the on the towards the Roof-facing side of the carrier plates arranged  Photovoltaic cells become a flat, continuous roof surface as achieved with normal roof tiles.

It can be provided that the cover on the Carrier plate opposite side of the photovoltaic cell is formed by a film. The transparent carrier plate itself can consist in particular of glass, are conceivable however also plexiglass base plates and others transparent materials. The cover can be made from both transparent as well as non-transparent materials consist.

For fastening the roof or facade shingle be provided that the shingle is a fastener for Attach the shingle to one on a roof or one Facade arranged holding device. As Fasteners come here especially bolts, but also Hooks, which engage behind corresponding projections, and Clip elements in question. Alternatively, as a fastener a hole may also be provided in the shingle, by a screw or bolt that fits into Holding devices are screwed in or engages on the roof, is penetrated.

In particular, it can be provided that the fastening means is fixed to the support plate. The fastener can preferably be located in the area of the carrier plate  be in which no photovoltaic cell is arranged. The Fasteners can, for example, from a Metal rail, with hooks or clip fasteners, the is glued to a carrier glass pane.

Furthermore, the shingles have electrical connections, the connection of the electrical connections with the Photovoltaic cells using contact strips, d. H. in the Carrier inserted or applied to the carrier for example aluminum strips with a thickness of 0.1 mm, is realized. The contact strips are part of everyone Shingle, whether thin-film cells or crystalline cells can be used.

It is particularly advantageous if the mechanical Fasteners or holding devices with the electrical connections are combined. This will at the same time with the mechanical fixing of the shingles the electrical connection on a roof or on a facade the shingles with each other or with the power grid ensured.

In particular, it can also be provided that the individual Shingles themselves have both holes and bolts, the bolts of a shingle in the holes of one or several intervening shingles can intervene. The Shingles can be provided that the mechanical attachment  electrical connections included, automatically to strands can be connected. It can also be provided that the shingles of one layer with the shingles of the next overlying location are coupled.

In particular, a corresponding holding device can be used Shaped mounting rail can be provided behind the hook of the Shingles or can engage in the bolts of the shingles. Both electrical connectors and Clamping plug and contact plate, which when the Rail pressed against corresponding roof-side contacts will find use. For interconnecting the solar modules is a counter contact in the mounting rail and one mounted on the shingle. This can e.g. B. in the form of glued or glued or laminated Metal plates happen that are arranged so that the Module movement during assembly through appropriate flexibility or mobility of the contacts or counter-contacts is balanced. Can continue Plugs / socket connections can be realized.

The invention further relates to a roof and Facade cladding, especially from roof and Facade shingles of the type described above, the individual shingles mechanically and / or electrically together are connected to strands. In particular, it can be provided  that the shingles are in the area of the transparent Overlap the support plate, the area of the support plate, which is occupied by the photovoltaic cell on the inside of the roof, remains free.

As part of the roof and facade cladding, individual Shingles can be connected in parallel or in series to form strands. In particular if a series connection is provided, it can be cheap if each row has the same number of shingles having.

It can further be provided that on the roof or on the Facade cable (for a series connection) or double cable or two separate cables (for parallel connection) are provided are, with one of the cables corresponding to plus or minus to which the shingles by means of clamping devices, as they are represent known so-called "branch terminals" connected become. The advantage here is that there is no separation of the Cable is required for connection. The cables to Clamping the branch terminals can be loose or fixed to the roof. The cables can already Plugs (sockets) must be clamped so that the contact through Insert the socket (plug) that attaches to the shingle is closed, in particular the closing of the Contact at the same time as hanging the shingle respectively.  

Further advantages and features of the invention result from the other registration documents.

Embodiments of the invention are in the drawing shown. This shows:

Fig. 1 shows the construction according to the invention shingles,

Fig. 2 is a roofing shingle having rectangular in a plan view,

Fig. 3 is a sectional side view according to Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 is a covering with diamond-shaped tiles,

Fig. 5 electrical and mechanical connectivity of a shingle,

Fig. 6 shows an alternative electrical connection possibility

Fig. 7 shows a further connection possibility,

Fig. 8 shows a further alternative electrical and mechanical connectivity,

Fig. 9, the mechanical fastener of the present invention shingles,

Fig. 10 shows an alternative mechanical fastener,

Fig. 11 a parallel-connected module shingle,

Fig. 12 is a series-connected module shingle,

Fig. 13 connecting members for connecting the individual shingles,

Fig. 14 connecting elements for connecting the individual shingles and

Fig. 15 electrical connection possibility for shingles according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows, in the diagrams a, b and c three different shingle assemblies. The same parts are to be provided with the same reference symbols. A shows a shingle 10 with a carrier plate 12 . A photovoltaic cell 14 in the form of a CIS module is connected to the carrier plate 12 . Between the photovoltaic cell 14 and the carrier plate 12 is a film 16 which, for. B. can consist of hardened cast resin, arranged. The thin-film module 14 is in this case attached to or applied to a cover 18 , here a glass. The carrier plate 12 is flush on three sides (partially not shown) with the cover 18 and the photovoltaic cell 14 . In the direction of arrow 20 , it projects beyond the photovoltaic cell 14 and the cover 18 . The carrier plate 12 points in the direction of the roof exterior 22 and forms the outside of the roof, whereas the cover 18 is directed towards the roof or the facade 24 .

B now shows an alternative shingle construction also consisting of a carrier plate 12 which points in the direction of the outside 22 . A film 16 is again arranged between the carrier plate 12 and the photovoltaic cell 14 . The photovoltaic cell 14 is a photovoltaic cell (solar cell surface) based on amorphous silicon or CdTe. The photovoltaic cell 14 is applied to the back of a carrier glass pane 15 . Further in the direction of the roof 24 , a film 17 adjoins the rear thin-film module, behind which in turn a cover glass pane 18 is arranged.

A further alternative shingle shape using crystalline embedded solar modules is now shown under c, the photovoltaic cell 14 being subsequently embedded and connected in cast resin layers 19 on the carrier plate 12 and the whole being protected from behind by a cover 18 .

Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of one side of a roof 40 , which is already covered with shingles 10 in sections. The shingle 10 is rectangular shingles 10 , which are essentially half-equipped with photovoltaic cells 14 . Exactly the length of the part of the carrier plate 12 without a photovoltaic cell 14 is approximately 10 to 20% longer than the part of the carrier plate 12 with a photovoltaic cell 14 .

The covering is carried out using shingle technology in such a way that such an overlap is achieved that in the end only the surface of the shingles 10 equipped with photovoltaic cells 14 remains visible. The shingles 10 are also laterally offset from row to row by half a shingle width.

Here, mounting rails 42 are used for covering, which serve both for mechanical fastening and also accommodate the electrical contacts 44 . The mounting rails 42 also have the task of compensating for unevenness in the substructure, as is often the case with old roofs 40 . The contacts 44 between the shingle and the mounting rail 42 are closed when the shingles 10 are suspended in the mounting rail 42 . A cable guide (not shown) is integrated in the mounting rail 42 . The mounting rail 42 itself is fastened to the substructure, ie the rafters and roof battens (not shown).

Special edge pieces 46 are used in the edge regions in order to obtain a surface which is rectangular at the end. The corresponding contacts 44 in the mounting rail 42 are connected to an inverter 48 via cables.

FIG. 3 shows such an arrangement in a sectional side view, roof battens 52 being fastened to the rafters 50 and the previously described mounting rails 42 on the roof battens 52 . The shingles 10 are now suspended in the mounting rails 42 . The overlapping arrangement of the shingles can be easily recognized. In order to prevent the support plates 12 , which are made of glass, from resting directly on one another, spacers 54, for example made of silicone or rubber, are arranged between the different shingles, so that the shingles 10 do not lie directly on one another.

Fig. 4 shows a covering with a substantially diamond-shaped shingles 60, wherein the individual shingle is equipped with 60 respectively equilateral diamond shaped solar modules 62 s einschmiegen completely in the corner 68 of the support plate 68. The support plate 68 stands over the photovoltaic cell 62 at the two edges 62 i and 62 ii. On the other sides 62iii and 62iv, the carrier plate 68 is flush with the photovoltaic cell 62 in the plan view. It can be clearly seen how the individual shingles 60 are arranged in an overlapping manner in shingle technology. Sealing lips 70 are provided along the edges 68 i and 68 ii of the carrier plate 68 in order to further increase the rainproofness of the roof covered in this way.

Fig. 5 shows an electrical and mechanical connection and connection for rectangular variant here shingles 10th In this case, mounting rails 42 are attached to the roof batten 52 , which have a substantially U-shaped cross section, the leg 42 i of the mounting rail 42 , with which it is attached to the roof batten 52 , being longer than the opposite leg 42 ii. On the longer leg 42 ii is attached at its free end 42 f a nose 42 n pointing in the direction of the leg 42 ii.

Contacts, ie both a plus and a minus contact, are provided on the carrier plate 12 of a roof shingle 10 in the form of a glued-on metal plate 70 . The metal plate 70 is located on the side S of the shingle 10 facing away from the roof. On the side D of the shingle 10 facing the roof, a hook 72 is glued, which is formed from a metal material. If the shingle 10 is now pushed into the mounting rail 42 along the arrow 74, as shown, it is pressed by the rubber element 76 against the leg 42 i of the mounting rail 42 . This ensures the secure engagement of the hook 72 behind the nose 42 n. On the leg 42 ii of the mounting rail 42 , a resilient mating contact 78 is provided, which is loaded by the inserted shingle 10 so that it contacts the contact 70 of the shingle. This ensures the electrical connection.

Fig. 6 shows a substantially analog electrical connection, wherein the mechanical connection is realized identical. In the shingle 10 according to FIG. 6, a contact plate 70 is arranged both on the side S of the shingle 10 facing away from the roof and a contact plate 80 on the roof side D. These interact with resilient mating contacts 78 and 82 of the mounting rail 42 as soon as the shingle 10 has been inserted into the mounting rail 42 . Slipping of the shingle 10 out of the mounting rail 42 is in turn ensured by the rubber element 76 , through which the shingle 10 is pressed in the direction of the leg 42 i of the mounting rail 42 .

Fig. 7 shows a further electrical contact, said contacts 80 and 82 are provided only at the roof-side side D. The mechanical fixing takes place as described in FIGS. 5 and 6.

Fig. 8 shows a mechanical attachment of the shingle 10 to a mounting rail 42 having an L-shaped cross-section and is secured to a roof batten 52nd The shingle 10 here has a fastening means in the form of a bolt 90 which extends through an opening 94 in the mounting rail 42 in the direction of arrow 92 . By inserting the bolt 90 into the opening 94 of the mounting rail 42 , the electrical contact is closed in addition to the mechanical fastening.

For this purpose, an electrical contact is integrated in the holding bolt 90 and the mating contact is contained in the mounting rail 42 .

Two further types of mechanical connection are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the electrical connection corresponding to that shown in FIG. 5.

Fig. 9 shows a support rail 42 having a substantially U-shaped cross-section, the legs 42 i that is, the secured to the roof bar 52 leg of the retaining rail 42 is longer than the facing away from the roof legs 42 ii of the retaining rail 42 is. The leg 42 i of the holding rail 42 here has a bore 42 b in the region in which it projects above the leg 42 ii, which corresponds to a bore 10 b in the shingle 10 and with this when the shingle 10 is inserted into the holding rail 42 flees. When the shingle 10 is inserted into the holding rail 42 , a bolt 100 can be inserted through both bores, which bolt can optionally be inserted into the roof batten 52 .

An alternative fastening method is shown in FIG. 10, the holding rail 42 being designed as described in FIGS. 5 to 7. The shingles, like the shingles according to FIG. 9, have a bore 10 b which is penetrated by a pin 102 , the pin being screwed or inserted into the opening 10 b. The pin 102 stands on the roof side D of the shingle 10 over the surface 10 o of the shingle 10 and lies with this protruding piece 102 ü on the nose 42 n of the mounting rail 42 , so that the shingle 10 is held.

Fig. 11 now shows shingles 10 from the back side, being embedded in the shingles 10 contact strip 110 consisting of aluminum threads. The contact ribbon 110 a represents the positive pole and the contact ribbon 110 b represents the negative pole. The contact ribbons are connected via lines 112 integrated in the shingle 10 with plugs 114 on one side and sockets 116 on their other side. The individual shingles 10 arranged next to one another can hereby be laterally connected to one another by simply being plugged together. In this way, a parallel connection of the individual shingles 10 is realized. Alternatively, the shingles 10 can be connected in series as shown in FIG. 12, the contact ribbon 110 a being in contact with the plug 114 and the contact ribbon 110 b in contact with the socket 116 .

In addition, interconnections of shingles 10 lying one above the other can also be provided in parallel or in series.

Fig. 13 now shows a connection of the individual shingles 10 by lateral mating. It is a plug connection such as that used for. B. Figs. 11 and 12 show. In order to replace individual shingles 10 in the event of a repair, it can be provided to cut and remove the connector. Two half connector bolts 120 can then be used instead of a single connector bolt 118 for reconnecting to a shingle 10 . These two connector bolts 120 (repair bolts) have a T-shaped cross section at their mutually facing ends 120 e. The repair bolts 120 are connected by means of clamping shells 122 , which are placed onto the T-shaped end pieces 120 e from both sides and each have a U-shaped cross section. The representation e) shows a section along the line ee through the representation d). The clamping shells are pressed or melted here and thus connect the two repair plugs 120 to one another again in such a way that the electrical connection of the individual shingles 10 to one another is ensured.

Fig. 14 now shows, finally, an additional contacting possibility by means of rotary connector 130 and associated rotary sleeve 140th The illustration a) shows the two parts rotary connector 130 and the rotary socket 140 , the illustration b) showing the two contact parts still disengaged from two shingles 10 and illustration c) the closed contact.

Both rotary plugs 130 and rotary bushing 140 have a rotary joint about an axis 132 and 142, respectively. The rotary plug 130 has a projection 134 at its free end, which corresponds to an opening 144 in the rotary socket 140 . The projection 134 is connected to the axis 132 for rotating the rotary connector 130 via a flexible connection 136 . A similar flexible link 146 connects arranged at the free end of the rotary sleeve 140 opening 144 with the rotation axis 142 of the rotary sleeve 140th These flexible connections 136 and 146 allow assembly and construction tolerances to be compensated for when the connections are made.

Representation b now shows the arrangement of rotary plug 130 and rotary socket 140 on a shingle 10 . To connect further shingles 10 to the two shingles 10 shown, further rotary plugs 130 and rotary sockets 140, not shown, are provided on the edges 10 a and 10 b. The contact is closed by rotating the rotary connector 130 and rotary sleeve 140 toward one another about the rotary axes 132 and 142 .

By using such special plugs, conventional standard substructures can be used, since the electrical connection technology is integrated on the solar electricity shingles 10 themselves. All that is required is a feed or discharge to the surface covered with the shingles 10 . The special plugs can be single or multi-pole (for series or parallel connection). After the mechanical assembly of the shingles 10, they can be operated from the front by the gap 150 of a few millimeters remaining between the individual shingles 10 . For this purpose, mounting holes 138 and 148 can be provided, which can be engaged with the appropriate tool.

The last Fig. 15 now provides the connection of the shingles 10 via double cable 160 . The electrical contacts between the shingles 10 and the double cable 160 can be made differently, as shown in the representations A), B) and C). In none of the three examples is it necessary to cut the cable 160 to connect the plug (socket) to the cable 160 .

Figure A) shows the use of branch terminals 162 , which can either be designed with two single poles or once with two poles and are attached to the shingle 10 . When installing the shingles, they are clamped onto the continuous double cable 160 fixed in the substructure. The clamping screws (not shown) of the branch clamps 162 can in particular be arranged such that they can be operated by the butt joints 150 between the shingles 10 . Before or after the mechanical assembly, the branch terminal 162 is fastened to the cable 160 via these clamping screws. The distance between the individual clamps 162 can be slightly more than the distance between the shingles 10 to accommodate tolerances etc. The clamping screws of the branch clamps 162 have teeth which penetrate the cable insulation of the double cable 160 when the screws are tightened and thus establish the contact.

Representation B) shows a double cable 160 hanging loosely on the substructure (not shown), to which branch clamps 162 are fastened. Before the mechanical assembly of the shingle, each branch terminal 162 , which has a socket (not shown), is connected to a corresponding plug 164 fastened to the shingle 10 and the contact is thus established. In this variant, the connection compared to variant A) can be made even more easily, since the branch terminals 162 are already preassembled and only a simple plug connection has to be made.

Representation C) shows a variant in which the individual branch terminals 162 of the cable 160 are fixed to the substructure at a distance from the shingles 10 . The spacing of the branch terminals 162 is performed such that when engaged, and thus mechanical fastening the shingles 10 automatically attached to the shingles 10 plug 164 latches into the sockets of the branch terminal 162nd

The contacting in FIG. 15 takes place on the back of the shingles 10 .

Claims (22)

1. Roof and facade shingle comprising a transparent support plate ( 12 ) for a photovoltaic cell ( 14 ) forming the roof or facade surface, which is covered on all sides at least flush with the support plate ( 12 ) and one on the Support plate ( 12 ) opposite side of the photovoltaic cell ( 14 ) arranged cover ( 18 ) for the photovoltaic cell ( 14 ), the carrier plate ( 12 ) projecting beyond the photovoltaic cell ( 14 ) in at least one direction. 2. roof and facade shingle according to claim 1, wherein the carrier plate ( 12 ) and the cover ( 18 ) projects beyond the photovoltaic cell ( 14 ) in at least one direction. 3. roof and facade shingle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carrier plate ( 12 ) and / or the cover ( 18 ) consists of glass. 4. Roof and facade shingle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shingle ( 10 ) has a rectangular basic shape. 5. roof and facade shingle according to claim 4, wherein the photovoltaic cell ( 14 ) extends in the longitudinal direction at most over 3/4, preferably over less than half of the shingle ( 10 ). 6. roof and facade shingle according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the shingle ( 60 ) has a substantially diamond-shaped basic shape. 7. roof and facade shingle according to claim 6, wherein the photovoltaic cell ( 62 ) is diamond-shaped and with its one in the assembled state eaves-side tip ( 62 s) in a tip ( 68 s) of the shingle ( 60 ) is fitted. 8. roof and facade shingle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cover ( 18 ) is formed by a film. 9. roof and facade shingle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on the shingle ( 10 ), in particular on the support plate ( 12 ), a fastening means ( 72 , 106 ) for fastening the shingle ( 10 ) arranged on a roof or a facade Holding device ( 42 a, 42 b) is provided. 10. Roof and facade shingle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein hooks ( 72 ) or pins ( 102 ) or bolts ( 90 , 100 ) are provided as fastening means. 11. Roof and facade shingle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on the shingles ( 10 ), in particular on the carrier plate ( 12 ) electrical connections ( 70 , 78 , 80 , 82 , 114 , 116 , 130 , 140 ) are provided are in contact with the photovoltaic cells ( 14 ) via contact strips ( 110 ). 12. roof and facade shingle according to claim 10, wherein the electrical connections in the fastening means ( 90 ) and holding devices ( 94 ) are integrated. 13. Roof and facade shingle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the photovoltaic cell ( 14 ) is a thin-film module. 14. Roof and facade shingle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the photovoltaic cell ( 14 ) is a front module. 15. Roof and facade cladding with a roof and facade clapboard according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the individual shingles ( 10 ) are mechanically connected to each other and the carrier plates ( 12 ) of the shingles ( 10 ) in their projecting over the photovoltaic cells ( 14 ) Overlap area. 16. roof and facade cladding according to claim 15, wherein the individual shingles ( 10 ) are electrically connected together to form strands. 17. Roof and facade cladding according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the individual shingles ( 10 ) can be connected in parallel or in series to form strands. 18. Roof and facade cladding according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the electrical connections ( 114 , 116 , 130 , 140 ) on the cover ( 18 ) or the cover (1 () facing side of the carrier plate ( 12 ) are arranged and the electrical connections ( 114 , 116 , 130 , 140 ) can be connected from the outside of the roof or facade. 19. Roof and facade cladding according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the shingles ( 10 ) can be individually assembled and disassembled. 20. Roof and facade cladding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shingles ( 10 ) can be installed without voltage or current. 21. Roof and facade cladding according to one of the preceding claims, wherein cables ( 160 ) are provided on the roof or on the facade, to which the shingles ( 10 ) can be clamped by means of clamping devices ( 162 ). 22. Roof and facade cladding according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the holding device is a mounting rail ( 42 ) which cooperates with the roof or facade construction ( 50 , 52 ).