EP0718859A1 - Dispositif pour la commutation d'un moteur électrique, en particulier pour le freinage d'un outil électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la commutation d'un moteur électrique, en particulier pour le freinage d'un outil électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0718859A1
EP0718859A1 EP95117175A EP95117175A EP0718859A1 EP 0718859 A1 EP0718859 A1 EP 0718859A1 EP 95117175 A EP95117175 A EP 95117175A EP 95117175 A EP95117175 A EP 95117175A EP 0718859 A1 EP0718859 A1 EP 0718859A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
switching
movable contact
electric motor
slide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95117175A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0718859B1 (fr
Inventor
Herbert Franz
Peter Krebs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heinrich Kopp GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Heinrich Kopp GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heinrich Kopp GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Heinrich Kopp GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0718859A1 publication Critical patent/EP0718859A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0718859B1 publication Critical patent/EP0718859B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/26—Snap-action arrangements depending upon deformation of elastic members
    • H01H13/28—Snap-action arrangements depending upon deformation of elastic members using compression or extension of coil springs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
    • H01H1/5833—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals comprising an articulating, sliding or rolling contact between movable contact and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H19/54—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand the operating part having at least five or an unspecified number of operative positions
    • H01H19/56—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying contacts, e.g. drum switch
    • H01H19/563—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying contacts, e.g. drum switch with an initial separation movement perpendicular to the switching movement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/002—Application electric motor braking, e.g. pole reversal of rotor, shorting motor coils, also for field discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/001—Means for preventing or breaking contact-welding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for switching an electric motor, in particular for braking an electric tool.
  • the aim of the invention is to create a so-called brake switch for tools operated by an electric motor, the use of a suitable contact arrangement, in particular for switches with housing dimensions according to European standards, to be taken into account.
  • Two toggle switches are required to electrically brake an electric motor.
  • the changeover switches are used to switch the power supply or the power supply on and off, to reverse the polarity of a field or armature winding of the electric motor and to switch an electrical brake circuit on or off.
  • switching off especially when switching off quickly, there has been a disadvantage so far that an arc arises between the two stationary contacts provided for the production of the power supply, which arises from the contact break-off sparks and the switching of the inductors.
  • This arc short-circuits the field winding of the motor, and the current, which is now only limited by the armature winding, rises so much that a backup fuse responds.
  • Critical and therefore in need of improvement is further that an arc with the above-mentioned consequences again arises when switching on again during the braking process between the contacts for the power supply.
  • the invention is intended to provide a device for switching an electrical braking of an electric motor, in particular for power tools, with stable switching positions, in which the risk of arcing, arcing and contact welding is significantly reduced by means of design measures.
  • the invention accordingly provides a device for switching an electric motor, in particular for electrically braking an electric tool, with a changeover switch for switching the power supply for the electric motor on and off, for reversing the polarity of a field or armature winding of the electric motor, and a changeover switch for Switching on and off an electrical brake circuit for the electric motor, an actuating element for the changeover switch, a movable contact provided for each changeover switch, which is movable between a stationary ON contact and an OFF contact spaced far away from it, and with an Device for at least one movable contact through which this can be guided over at least part of its movement path when switching over.
  • the ON and OFF contacts are so far apart from one another with respect to an "arc-safe distance" that the occurrence of arcs and their negative effects during switching are reduced.
  • an increased switchover time is achieved due to the enlarged contact section.
  • the actuator is articulated on both movable contacts.
  • the actuating member is connected to each movable contact via a spring, the arrangement preferably being such that the actuating member is articulated on a rocker arm which is connected to each movable contact via a tension spring.
  • the springs ensure a good contact pressure on the one hand and on the other hand switch the movable contacts when the actuator becomes effective.
  • a pressure spring is provided for each movable contact, whereby it is also particularly advantageous to avoid contact welding if at least one movable contact switches over, if appropriate after a contact friction movement phase, from the corresponding stationary contact to which it was previously applied, against the action of this Pressure spring can be lifted off by means of the guide device.
  • each guide device has a slide guide for the movable contact in a structurally simple manner, which can preferably be limited in each case by a run-on slope to generate a certain torque switching function.
  • the slideway provided which is preferably designed as a sliding rib, advantageously ensures on the one hand that the movable contact can fit perfectly onto the respective stationary contact and that a certain distance is still available for contact friction stands.
  • a pressure point can be generated in a favorable manner by the run-up bevel when switching, which largely enables the critical phase of the contact opening or closing to be quickly exceeded.
  • the movable contact is provided on a pivoting lever, preferably on the side thereof, which is mounted with play, this mounting preferably being designed to be rotatably displaceable and preferably being formed such that the pivoting lever is rotatably mounted in an elongated hole with lateral play is.
  • the swivel lever has a plastic part with a slide rib for the slide guide, at least one guide device being preferably formed on one side of a housing for the changeover switch.
  • a spatially and functionally favorable concept arises in particular when the two changeover switches are arranged symmetrically in a single housing in separate chambers, when the fastening element consists of a slide switch which pivots the movable contacts when the pressure spring or the tension spring of each movable one Contact is supported on the shift lever or the rocker arm, and when the slide switch is mounted in the housing in the region of a wall that separates the two housing chambers with the two-way switches.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic illustration of a first exemplary embodiment of the invention with a housing 10, in which, as can be seen from FIG. 3, the front cover-like housing wall 11 is omitted in order to see into a front housing chamber 12.
  • the housing 10 consists of two closed housing chambers 12 and 13.
  • the housing chambers 12 and 13 have a right common side wall 14, a left common side wall 15, a common lower wall 16 and a common upper wall 17.
  • the walls 14 to 17 are formed in one piece with a partition 18 and consist of a insulating plastic.
  • a changeover switch 19 is accommodated in the front housing chamber 12, and a changeover switch 20 for switching off the power supply for the electric motor is located in the rear housing chamber 13.
  • the changeover switches 19 and 20 are used to switch the power supply on and off, to reverse the polarity of a field or armature winding of the electric motor and to switch an electrical brake circuit on or off and are constructed symmetrically with respect to the partition 18. They are operated together by a slide valve 21 which passes through the upper wall 17 and is guided in the partition wall 18.
  • the shift lever 21 has in the region of its lower end a right-angled protruding arrangement of pins 22 and 23, which are each surrounded by a pressure spring 24 and 25, which is supported by the slide switch 21, the pressure spring 24 a pivot lever 26 of the Changeover switch 20 and the pressure spring 25 acted upon a pivot lever 27 of the changeover switch 19.
  • the changeover switch 19 includes, as can best be seen in connection with FIG. 2, a stationary OFF contact 28 which is guided via a conductor 29 through the side wall 14 to the outside of the housing 10.
  • a stationary ON contact 30 which is connected to an electrical conductor 31, which is also led out of the housing 10 through the side wall 14.
  • a lateral contact 32 which can be brought into contact with either the OFF contact 28 or the ON contact 30 by moving the pivot lever 27.
  • the pivot lever 27 is mounted via a pivot joint 42 with play in an elongated hole 33 of a connecting plate 34 such that the movable contact 32 can also be moved perpendicular to the pivot plane of the pivot lever 27 for a contact lifting and a contact upward movement.
  • the bearing pin 23 is arranged with play in a larger bore 35 of the pivot lever 27.
  • the connection 34 is guided via an electrical line through the wall 15 to the outside of the housing 10.
  • a plastic part 37 is fastened to the swivel lever 27 in a region between the bore 35 and the end-side contact 32, on which a sliding rib 38 pointing perpendicularly to the front wall 11 is formed, which in the position shown in FIG. 2 is on an arc-shaped sliding rib 40 below Effect of the pressure spring 25 rests.
  • the sliding rib 40 is arcuate. 1 and 2 only dashed lines 39 and 41 belonging to the sliding rib 40 are shown, on which the sliding rib 38 from the level of the sliding rib 40 when pivoting the pivot lever 27 to abut the movable contact 32 with the stationary contact 28 or 30 is performed.
  • the bevels 39 and 41 can be designed like a ramp at 45 ° or as a transition curve profile.
  • the operation of the device for switching an electrical braking of an electric motor takes place in a simple manner from the position shown in FIG. 1 by pushing the slide switch 21 into the housing 10 in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 1. Initially, there is still a laterally shifting contact friction between the contacts 32 and 28 over a certain pivoting range until the sliding rib 38 reaches the run-up slope 39. During a switching movement, the movable contact 32 is quickly raised onto the sliding rib 40 and a reliable contact separation is thus achieved. Upon further pivoting of the pivot lever 27, the sliding rib 38 reaches the run-up slope 41, and the movable contact 32 comes into sliding contact with the stationary contact 30 until the end position is reached, which is dashed in FIG. 1.
  • the changeover switch 20 is constructed symmetrically to the changeover switch 19, but, for functional reasons, has an opposite contact assignment insofar as the stationary contacts are swapped there in terms of function.
  • the device according to the invention can thus advantageously be used to realize large contact openings, rubbing contacts, a simple construction with simple parts and easy assembly.
  • FIG. 4 to 7 is a second embodiment of a device according to the invention with a housing 10 'and a modified slide switch 21' with an integrated button and compression spring.
  • this second exemplary embodiment has identical or similar parts, the same reference numerals as in the first exemplary embodiment, but with an apostrophe, have been used for simplification. To avoid repetitions, only the differences between the second exemplary embodiment and the first exemplary embodiment are described below explained, with corresponding modifications of components have a reference symbol with an apostrophe.
  • the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment essentially in that the changeover switches 19 'and 20' always assume a stable ON or OFF position, while in the case of the changeover switches 19 and 20 of the first embodiment also intermediate positions of the movable contact 32 in addition to the associated pivot lever 27 are possible.
  • the switch slide 21 ' which has an actuating button 50 at its upper end to achieve a reset function and which is supported on the housing 10' via a compression spring 51, is, as can be seen in connection with FIG. 7, in the region of the partition wall 18 'of the housing 10' out. It has a groove-shaped recess 52 for the pivotable mounting of a pin 53, which is integrally formed or attached to a rocker arm 54 on the side.
  • the rocker arm 54 is pivotally mounted at 55 (see also FIG. 7) on the partition 18 'via a lateral pin 56 and can be pivoted between the position shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 6, its position according to FIG. 4 being the OFF Position and its position according to FIG. 6 is assigned to the ON position of the changeover switches 19 'and 20'.
  • the rocker arm 54 has a front end 57 which is guided laterally against a portion of the partition 18 '.
  • the partition 18 ' is open in the pivoting range of the rocker arm 54.
  • hook-in pins 58 and 59 are formed on both sides for a tension spring 60 and 61, which extend from there obliquely at an angle of approximately 15 ° in the direction of the movable contacts 32 '.
  • the tension springs 60 and 61 are hooked at their other end to a plastic part 62 or 63, each on the pivot lever 27 'for the movable contact 32 'are attached.
  • the springs 60 and 61 on the one hand achieve a desired safe contact pressure in the switching positions due to their line of action and their preload. On the other hand, they serve to switch the movable contacts 32 '. This takes place in such a way that when the slide switch 21 'is pressed in, the movable contact 32' initially remains in its respective switch position until the tension springs 60, 61 are further stretched due to the pivoting of the rocker arm 54 and their direction of action is greater than that of the swivel joint 42 '. directional switching position (dead position) are pivoted out. As a result, a sufficiently large torque is generated which overcomes the contact friction and leads to the movable contact 32 'immediately jumping into the second stable position.
  • two opposing contact tearing ribs 66 are provided on the slide switch 21 ', each at the OFF or ON switching position of the pivoting lever 27' of the movable contact 22 'are spaced apart and only, as shown in FIG. 5, engage the pivoting levers 27' in the region of the center position of the rocker arm 54 in order to tear open the contacts.
  • the plastic part 62 which is designed as a spring-holding and movement-guiding part, has a molded-on pin 67 which is guided during the switching process via a sliding rib 40 ′ which is formed on the rocker arm 54.
  • the sliding rib 40 ' has chamfers 41' and 39 '.
  • the plastic part 63 which is designed as a spring holding and movement guide part, has an inwardly pointing pin 68, which in the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG a wall section 69 is slidably guided.
  • the wall section 69 also serves to guide the slide switch 21 '.
  • a sliding rib 40 ′ for the pin 68 can also be provided on the wall 69 here, in order to provide a movement sequence mirror-symmetrical to the partition 18 for the two pivoting levers 27 ′ in addition to the movable contacts 32 ′.
EP95117175A 1994-12-19 1995-10-31 Dispositif pour la commutation d'un moteur électrique, en particulier pour le freinage d'un outil électrique Expired - Lifetime EP0718859B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4445339 1994-12-19
DE4445339A DE4445339A1 (de) 1994-12-19 1994-12-19 Vorrichtung für das Schalten eines Elektromotors, insbesondere zum Abbremsen eines Elektrowerkzeuges

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0718859A1 true EP0718859A1 (fr) 1996-06-26
EP0718859B1 EP0718859B1 (fr) 1998-09-30

Family

ID=6536300

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95117175A Expired - Lifetime EP0718859B1 (fr) 1994-12-19 1995-10-31 Dispositif pour la commutation d'un moteur électrique, en particulier pour le freinage d'un outil électrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5684280A (fr)
EP (1) EP0718859B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08315675A (fr)
AT (1) ATE171810T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4445339A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023041481A1 (fr) * 2021-09-15 2023-03-23 Eao Holding Ag Élément de commutation à rupture brusque doté d'un contact à ouverture ou à fermeture

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29801195U1 (de) * 1998-01-26 1998-03-19 Kopp Heinrich Ag Elektromotorschalter
DE29802820U1 (de) * 1998-02-18 1998-04-16 Kopp Heinrich Ag Vorrichtung für das Ein- und Ausschalten eines Elektromotors, insbesondere eines Elektrowerkzeugs
US20140144763A1 (en) * 2012-11-28 2014-05-29 Jonathan Willard Justice Power Disconnect Switch
JP6144566B2 (ja) * 2013-07-26 2017-06-07 東洋電機製造株式会社 三相切替接触器
DE102013219009A1 (de) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-26 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Aktives elektrisches Bauelement
CA2931312A1 (fr) 2013-11-24 2015-05-28 HAMAMA, Yaniv Chargeur plat pour un telephone mobile
WO2017203366A1 (fr) * 2016-05-27 2017-11-30 Mobile Synergy 26 International Limited Systèmes de connexion multifonctionnels pour divers dispositifs et procédés d'utilisation associés
CN107731578B (zh) * 2017-12-01 2019-11-12 江苏创能电器有限公司 一种自动转换开关
EP3579261A1 (fr) * 2018-06-08 2019-12-11 ABB Schweiz AG Disjoncteur haute tension
DE102019115773B4 (de) * 2019-06-11 2021-11-18 Hoover Dam Technology Gmbh Schalter zum Herstellen und Trennen einer elektrischen Verbindung
CN213815887U (zh) * 2020-12-15 2021-07-27 施耐德电器工业公司 双电源转换开关
KR102506011B1 (ko) * 2020-12-28 2023-03-07 일진전기 주식회사 가스절연개폐장치용 단로기 및 접지개폐기
CN113823519B (zh) * 2021-11-24 2022-03-29 深圳市汇慧鑫科技有限公司 一种便于生产装配用的注塑薄膜开关

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US2891119A (en) * 1957-11-06 1959-06-16 Edward A Meola Switch mechanisms
DE3315994A1 (de) * 1982-05-27 1984-11-08 Günter 5277 Marienheide Merten Mehrfachschalter, insbesondere zuend-anlasserschalter fuer kraftfahrzeuge
EP0197436A2 (fr) * 1985-04-01 1986-10-15 BSG-Schalttechnik GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif d'un commutateur
DE8901237U1 (fr) * 1988-02-04 1989-03-23 Elbi International S.P.A., Turin/Torino, It

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US2838622A (en) * 1955-07-21 1958-06-10 Controls Co Of America Electric switch
US2960590A (en) * 1958-11-07 1960-11-15 Kelek Company Pressure switches
US3221131A (en) * 1963-11-12 1965-11-30 Illinois Tool Works Push button switch for individual use or in an assembly of similar switches
US3708643A (en) * 1971-11-22 1973-01-02 Erickson Electrical Equipment High-current switch with contact pressure booster
DE3546719C2 (en) * 1985-04-01 1992-05-21 Bsg-Schalttechnik Gmbh & Co Kg, 7460 Balingen, De Switching circuit for rpm control of electrical machine
DE3940849A1 (de) * 1989-12-11 1990-05-03 Hans Hermann Rottmerhusen Einrichtung fuer eine drehrichtungsumkehrung bei stromwendermotoren
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2891119A (en) * 1957-11-06 1959-06-16 Edward A Meola Switch mechanisms
DE3315994A1 (de) * 1982-05-27 1984-11-08 Günter 5277 Marienheide Merten Mehrfachschalter, insbesondere zuend-anlasserschalter fuer kraftfahrzeuge
EP0197436A2 (fr) * 1985-04-01 1986-10-15 BSG-Schalttechnik GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif d'un commutateur
DE8901237U1 (fr) * 1988-02-04 1989-03-23 Elbi International S.P.A., Turin/Torino, It

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023041481A1 (fr) * 2021-09-15 2023-03-23 Eao Holding Ag Élément de commutation à rupture brusque doté d'un contact à ouverture ou à fermeture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5684280A (en) 1997-11-04
DE59503777D1 (de) 1998-11-05
JPH08315675A (ja) 1996-11-29
EP0718859B1 (fr) 1998-09-30
DE4445339A1 (de) 1996-06-20
ATE171810T1 (de) 1998-10-15

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