EP0709865A1 - Procédé et dispositif de couplage de matériau magnétique avec enroulements électriques - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de couplage de matériau magnétique avec enroulements électriques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0709865A1
EP0709865A1 EP95114031A EP95114031A EP0709865A1 EP 0709865 A1 EP0709865 A1 EP 0709865A1 EP 95114031 A EP95114031 A EP 95114031A EP 95114031 A EP95114031 A EP 95114031A EP 0709865 A1 EP0709865 A1 EP 0709865A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
windings
magnetic
electrical
conductive material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP95114031A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jean-Jacques Dr. Ing./Eth Alff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LEM Holding SA
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LEM SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LEM SA filed Critical LEM SA
Publication of EP0709865A1 publication Critical patent/EP0709865A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type 
    • H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
    • H01F17/0033—Printed inductances with the coil helically wound around a magnetic core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/16—Toroidal transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
    • H01F38/28—Current transformers
    • H01F38/30—Constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type 
    • H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
    • H01F2017/0086—Printed inductances on semiconductor substrate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
    • H01F38/28—Current transformers
    • H01F38/30—Constructions
    • H01F2038/305—Constructions with toroidal magnetic core

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for coupling magnetically conductive material with at least one electrical winding, in particular for use in electrical current and voltage converters.
  • converters are used to transform AC or three-phase current to high voltages, to avoid high losses when transporting electrical energy over long distances, or to generate high currents that are mainly used in technology in the aluminum industry and in welding technology, where The control and monitoring of high energy consumption is an essential requirement.
  • the greatest importance is the current and / or voltage converter as a connecting element between electronics and power circuits when measuring and controlling the magnetic flux. It is mostly about the isolated measurement (without interrupting the electrical circuit) of all types of voltages and currents . In addition, electronic control circuits are supplied with precise signals via the power circuits, with electrical isolation.
  • a ring or core transformers or converters generate a magnetic flux over a first winding which induces a higher or lower voltage or current in a second winding depending on the number of turns ratio of the first to the second winding. So if you want to achieve a large gear ratio, you can do this by using large numbers of turns.
  • the basic idea for solving the problem is to deform a magnetically conductive material in such a way that the flux lines guided by this material span a surface whose edge has wing-like bulges. These 'wings' are then arranged so that several such wings (magnetic windings) can be penetrated on a simple path, i.e. line segment, circle or pitch circle.
  • the magnetically conductive material In order to obtain practical surfaces with such 'wings' (magnetic windings), the magnetically conductive material must be guided in a spiral or have anisotropic properties that bring the flux lines into a spiral path.
  • first toroid 1 made of soft magnetic material (for example ferrite or iron, that is to say material with a permeability 1), on which a winding 2 (electrical conductor) is made, in the transducer technology electrically conductive material (eg copper) with winding start 3 and winding end 4 is provided.
  • soft magnetic material for example ferrite or iron, that is to say material with a permeability 1
  • winding 2 electrical conductor
  • electrically conductive material eg copper
  • the winding has 8 (eight) turns, that is, the wire of the winding 2 has been passed eight times through the opening of the toroidal core 1 .
  • Soft magnetic material acts like a conductor for the magnetic flux lines, roughly speaking by the value u better than air or vacuum.
  • the flux line density corresponds to the magnetic induction B with the SI unit * Tesla * (Vsm) and the area integral of the flux line density corresponds to a flux or magnetic flux with the SI unit * Weber * (Vs).
  • River lines are always closed curves. If you let the cross section of the toroid shrink to zero without the number of river lines (or to influence the magnetic flux), then finally all flux lines concentrate on the center line of the toroid (flux lines and center line are not shown in the figures for the sake of clarity). In the present arrangement, this center line is a circular line that spans a circular area. The number of penetrations of the electrical conductor through this area corresponds to the number of turns.
  • a second toroidal core 1 * made of soft magnetic material is plastically deformable. If one tightens an electrical conductor 2 * more and more, then this plastically deformable second toroidal core 1 * would deform so that the second toroidal core 1 * and electrical conductor 2 * would initially wrap around each other.
  • the center line of the second toroid 1 * would no longer be a flat curve, but a spiral.
  • the area that would be spanned by this center line would have an eight-fold deformed, wavy edge. Nevertheless, the electrical winding penetrates this spanned area eight times, ie still the same as in Fig. 1a .
  • the electrical wire is now shortened further and further - as shown in Fig. 1c - that is, the plastically deformable third toroidal core 1 ** has to give way more and more until it finally wraps around the electrical wire in the form of a spiral and thus one represents the first embodiment of the teaching according to the invention.
  • the center line of the third ring core 1 ** now spans a surface with eight wings. In practice, such a surface resembles the surface of a fan or a propeller.
  • the eight wings are penetrated by the electrical conductor, which has now become a turn.
  • the original winding 'with eight turns' is now reduced to a simple circular line, which still electrically generates eight times the magnetic flux of the deformed third toroid.
  • FIG. 2a A further arrangement, as shown in FIG. 2a , explains a basic configuration with two winding layers in the model procedure similar to that of FIGS. 1a , 1b and 1c .
  • a first toroidal core 1 two, a first winding 2a , with a winding start 3a and a winding end 4a , and a second winding 2b with a winding beginning 3b and a winding end 4b , windings 2a and 2b are arranged.
  • the second winding 2b is designed along the first toroid with a white center line
  • winding end 4a of the first winding 2a is electrically connected to the winding start 3b by a junction 5 . Both windings 2a and 2b thus fuse into a single winding with a total of 16 (sixteen) turns.
  • FIG. 2f the actual end result of the model presentation is shown: it is therefore no longer necessary to have two separate windings 2a and 2b , but the arrangement can in principle consist of a double loop which is inserted into the third toroidal core 1 ** .
  • FIG. 3 shows a first practical example, which is particularly well suited as a current transformer with a high transmission ratio on the one hand and as a DC measuring device on the other.
  • the arrangement shown spans an area F delimited by an edge of a magnetic path 30 , M , formed by twenty (20) so-called bridge elements 31 , each meanderingly connected to one another by corresponding web elements 32 in such a way that they cage-like a winding package 36 provided in the interior (what one or more windings with one or more turns each) can surround).
  • Each winding package 36 can comprise one or more windings, each with a winding start 33 and a winding end 34 , each individual turn thus penetrating the spanned area F twenty times.
  • a current conductor 37 running in the center of the surface F perpendicular to this (of which only a short section is shown for the sake of clarity) penetrates the surface F only once.
  • the meandering cage is constructed from bridge elements 31 and web elements 32 from ferrite rods or from iron sheet packages, which are designed to be assembled.
  • the winding or wrapping around the electrical winding package 36 with soft magnetic wire (wires) or one or more strips or the formation of packages of soft magnetic wires (strips) is provided to form a spiral.
  • FIG. 4a shows a core 48 made of magnetically conductive material, which spans a rectangular area and on whose one web a double winding 42 with three turns, the corresponding winding starts 43 and the corresponding winding ends 44 , is wound.
  • the model concept sketched in FIGS . 1a, 1b and 1c is achieved by step-wise deformation of the core, the edge 46 of which has the shape of a spiral - see FIGS . 4c and 4d - and the interior 47 of which is the cage-like wrap one of two turns connected by a connection point 45 as shown in Fig. 4b .
  • the core for guiding the magnetic path does not have to have a constant cross section along the entire path.
  • 5 shows a rectangular U-core 50 made of magnetically conductive material with an air gap 52 , a partial air gap 53 and a local thickening 51 . All of these 'irregularities' can occur individually and in any combination in guiding such a magnetic path.
  • the transverse webs are not subjected to magnetic windings.
  • FIG. 7 Another principal variant -As in Fig. 7, the use shown represents a core E-leg shape formed.
  • a further winding 75 is then arranged on the middle leg 72 .
  • FIG. 8 A construction with such wavy current conductors is shown in Fig. 8 .
  • a magnetic flux generated by a primary winding 87 is transmitted via a first magnetically conductive element 84 and a plurality of Z-shaped core legs 80 , each of which is placed on top of the other in pairs with their outer legs 81 and 85 , and which form a grid-shaped magnetic path running in two planes, the central leg 82 is surrounded by an electrical winding 88 .
  • the electrical winding 88 penetrates the area spanned by the magnetic path four times via two passages 89a and 89b and has a current-transformation ratio of one to eight (1: 8) with the primary winding 87 , which penetrates the area only once.
  • the wave-shaped configuration 86 which the turns of the electrical winding 88 have on their way around the middle leg 82 , cannot be compared with the spiral turns customary in electrical windings.
  • Both the first magnetic element 84 and the Z-shaped core leg 80 with its two outer legs 81 and 85 are constructed from stamped and layered transformer sheets.
  • this construction can also advantageously be produced in different size ratios than previously discussed, based on the methods customary in semiconductor and microtechnology, namely etching, vapor deposition, diffusion and the use of photomasks.
  • the particularly space-saving arrangement - compared to the previously customary methods of producing the transducers in these applications in the form of discrete components and then placing them as parts on printed circuit boards - is particularly advantageous here.
  • Fig. 9 the principle set out on the basis of the constructive solution in Fig. 8 is outlined in a model representation.
  • the surface that is magnetically spanned in FIG. 8 and taken over in FIG. 9 is surrounded in FIG. 9 as the active surface 91 by the dotted center line 99 .
  • the 'ripple' is this area recognizable.
  • the surface has four so-called wings 92 . If one follows the electrical path of a winding 98 (in FIG. 8 / winding 88 ) by starting at the beginning of the winding 93b and following in the direction of the arrows, this path penetrates the active surface 91 eight times via the first penetrations 90a to 90h up to the winding end 94b .
  • the order of the penetrations corresponds to that of the alphabetical ones.
  • the primary winding 97 (in FIG. 8/87 ) with the primary winding start 93a and the primary winding end 94a penetrates the active surface 91 only once via the second penetration 90i . Otherwise, the windings pass through all penetrations in such a way that the electrical path penetrates the active surface 91 from bottom to top.
  • FIG. 1 An example of such a construction is shown in perspective in FIG .
  • a cylindrical magnetic core 102 with anisotropic magnetic properties causes the corresponding flux lines in the material to assume a helical or spiral path, as indicated by the arrows 106 , since this path has the least magnetic resistance.
  • magnetic material can have anisotropic properties (Boll: Soft Magnetic Material, SIEMENS, 1979, page 27).
  • anisotropic material can be produced by mechanical deformation or annealing in the magnetic field of special alloys as well as by structured incorporation of magnetic particles in a binder.
  • the particles for this last variant can be microscopically small, but they can also have easily visible dimensions, for example in the case of layered sheets and / or wires.
  • the magnetic path is closed in FIG. 10 by a yoke 103 made of magnetic material.
  • the secondary winding 104 penetrates the area spanned by the flux lines 106 as often as the flux lines in the cylindrical magnetic core 102 have spiral circumferences.
  • the transformation ratio between a primary winding 105 and the secondary winding 104 can be influenced by the anisotropy (slope) of the magnetic material.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further exemplary embodiment for the basic structure of a magnetic path 106 of a transformer with a transmission ratio of two to one in a perspective representation.
  • the spiral shape is not helical, but lies in one plane.
  • the area spanned by this path thus has 'wings' that are nested within one another.
  • One turn of the one winding 117 penetrates the spanned area twice, but the one turn of the other winding 118 penetrates the surface only once.
  • a corresponding secondary winding 128 with a corresponding winding start 123b and a winding end 124b, is now even more wavy (meandering) than is provided in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 8 .
  • Such wave-shaped bulges 126 differ significantly from the windings customary in classic transformer technology.
  • a magnetic flux generated by a primary winding 127 with a corresponding winding start 123a and a winding end 124a , runs via a magnetically conductive element 124 , which has a meandering lattice structure in the area of the coupling with the secondary winding 128 having.
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 can advantageously be produced in accordance with the methods described above based on semiconductor and micro technology, such as etching, vapor deposition, diffusion and the use of photomasks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
EP95114031A 1994-10-26 1995-09-07 Procédé et dispositif de couplage de matériau magnétique avec enroulements électriques Ceased EP0709865A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3209/94 1994-10-26
CH320994 1994-10-26

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EP0709865A1 true EP0709865A1 (fr) 1996-05-01

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EP95114031A Ceased EP0709865A1 (fr) 1994-10-26 1995-09-07 Procédé et dispositif de couplage de matériau magnétique avec enroulements électriques

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2847071A1 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2004-05-14 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur electromagnetique
DE102009011410A1 (de) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Minebea Co., Ltd. Spule und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Spule
DE102012213802A1 (de) * 2012-08-03 2014-02-06 Vaccumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Magnetisches Modul für einen Stromsensor

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2062476A1 (de) * 1970-12-18 1972-07-06 Ritz Messwandler Gmbh Stromwandler
DE2225396A1 (de) * 1972-05-25 1973-12-06 Ritz Messwandler Gmbh Stromwandler
DE2415706A1 (de) * 1974-04-01 1975-10-02 H Tiefenbach & Co Dr Spule, insbesondere fuer den schwingkreis eines beruehrungslosen annaeherungsmessgeraetes
EP0007405A1 (fr) * 1978-06-15 1980-02-06 Nicolas Gath Disjoncteur de courant de fuite et méthode de production d'un noyau magnétique
EP0352924A2 (fr) * 1988-07-29 1990-01-31 International Business Machines Corporation Dispositif inductif
JPH05299282A (ja) * 1992-04-20 1993-11-12 Amorphous Denshi Device Kenkyusho:Kk 薄膜磁気素子の製造方法
JPH069109A (ja) * 1992-06-25 1994-01-18 Toshiba Corp 物体検出装置

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2062476A1 (de) * 1970-12-18 1972-07-06 Ritz Messwandler Gmbh Stromwandler
DE2225396A1 (de) * 1972-05-25 1973-12-06 Ritz Messwandler Gmbh Stromwandler
DE2415706A1 (de) * 1974-04-01 1975-10-02 H Tiefenbach & Co Dr Spule, insbesondere fuer den schwingkreis eines beruehrungslosen annaeherungsmessgeraetes
EP0007405A1 (fr) * 1978-06-15 1980-02-06 Nicolas Gath Disjoncteur de courant de fuite et méthode de production d'un noyau magnétique
EP0352924A2 (fr) * 1988-07-29 1990-01-31 International Business Machines Corporation Dispositif inductif
JPH05299282A (ja) * 1992-04-20 1993-11-12 Amorphous Denshi Device Kenkyusho:Kk 薄膜磁気素子の製造方法
JPH069109A (ja) * 1992-06-25 1994-01-18 Toshiba Corp 物体検出装置

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
AHN C H ET AL: "A COMPARISON OF TWO MICROMACHINED INDUCTORS (BAR-TYPE AND MEANDER-TYPE) FRO FULLY INTEGRATED BOOST DC/DC POWER CONVERTERS", PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC), ORLANDO, FEB. 13 - 17, 1994, vol. 1, 13 February 1994 (1994-02-13), INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, pages 10 - 16, XP000467294 *
BOLL: "Soft Magnetic Material", 1979, SIEMENS, pages: 27
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 091 (E - 1508) 15 February 1994 (1994-02-15) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 9, no. 118 (E - 316)<1841> 23 May 1985 (1985-05-23) *
YAMAGUCHI M ET AL: "ESTIMATION OF THE IN-SITU PERMEABILITIES IN THIN-FILM INDUCTORS", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 29, no. 6, 1 November 1993 (1993-11-01), pages 3210 - 3212, XP000432431 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2847071A1 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2004-05-14 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur electromagnetique
EP1420427A1 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2004-05-19 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Actionneur électromagnétique.
DE102009011410A1 (de) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Minebea Co., Ltd. Spule und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Spule
DE102012213802A1 (de) * 2012-08-03 2014-02-06 Vaccumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Magnetisches Modul für einen Stromsensor
DE102012213802B4 (de) * 2012-08-03 2017-12-14 Vaccumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Magnetisches Modul für einen Stromsensor

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