WO2023180018A1 - Convertisseur continu-continu llc avec transformateur de mesure de courant intégré dans l'inductance - Google Patents

Convertisseur continu-continu llc avec transformateur de mesure de courant intégré dans l'inductance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023180018A1
WO2023180018A1 PCT/EP2023/054978 EP2023054978W WO2023180018A1 WO 2023180018 A1 WO2023180018 A1 WO 2023180018A1 EP 2023054978 W EP2023054978 W EP 2023054978W WO 2023180018 A1 WO2023180018 A1 WO 2023180018A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
converter
winding
current
transformer
cores
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/054978
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Schulz
Siegmar Unterweger
Manuel Blum
Monika POEBL
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2023180018A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023180018A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0064—Magnetic structures combining different functions, e.g. storage, filtering or transformation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a DC/DC converter, in particular with a nominal power of more than 20 kW, comprising a primary-side choke with a first winding on a magnetic core and a primary side of a transformer connected in series to the primary-side choke.
  • the DC/DC converter according to the invention comprises a primary-side choke with a first winding on a magnetic core and a primary side of a transformer connected in series to the primary-side choke. Furthermore, the DC/DC Converter a current transformer for detecting the current flowing in the DC/DC converter, the current converter being formed by a second winding on the magnetic core and means for detecting the current flowing in the second winding as a measured value.
  • the DC/DC converter in particular has a nominal power of more than 20 kW. Especially with such high power, it is difficult to provide a current transformer with acceptable properties such as weight and size. For this purpose, it is useful if the power switches installed in the DC/DC converter have a current carrying capacity of at least 100 A and/or a reverse voltage strength of at least 100 V.
  • the DC/DC converter is galvanically isolating and includes a transformer.
  • the primary-side choke is preferably connected in series to a primary-side coil of the transformer and serves, for example, as a resonance choke.
  • the choke is not identical to the primary coil of the transformer, but represents an additional component and primarily serves the operating principle of the DC/DC converter.
  • the primary-side choke is present even if a current measurement were carried out at a completely different location.
  • the current transformer is advantageously integrated into the already existing choke. This eliminates the need for the current transformer's own large, heavy and expensive core. A current transformer can therefore be made smaller, lighter and cheaper.
  • the DC/DC converter can have a capacitor in series with the primary side choke and another inductive element in parallel with the primary side of the transformer. With these elements it can still be designed to operate according to the LLC principle.
  • Topologies such as LLC converters can be used better at high power levels thanks to the features described. For these, very precise current measurement with high dynamics is a central and indispensable element for the precise determination of current zero crossings. Depending on the design, switching frequencies of 300 kHz or more can occur in an LLC converter and it must still be ensured that the current zero crossing is recorded safely and accurately. For example, measuring the current on the DC side is not sufficient for this.
  • the first and second windings are preferably designed in such a way that a transmission ratio of at least 1:100, in particular at least 1:500 or in a special embodiment at least 1:1000 results.
  • the current resulting in the second winding has a size suitable for the measurement, in particular less than 10 A or, in a further embodiment, less than 1 A.
  • the magnetic core can have several partial cores spaced apart from one another. Each of the partial cores enables a magnetic circuit.
  • the second winding is only arranged on one of the partial cores.
  • Each of the partial cores is, for example, a rectangular or circular fully formed magnetic core, for example in UU or UI
  • the partial cores are not just, for example, a single U-element, which only produces a complete magnetic core with another U-element.
  • Each partial core can also have one or more air gaps.
  • the advantage is that the second winding only comprises a part of the magnetic flux.
  • the resulting transmission ratio with the first winding is increased compared to an embodiment in which the second winding includes all partial cores.
  • “Enlarged” means a change in the gear ratio, for example from 1:1000 to 1:2000.
  • the resulting secondary current is thereby further reduced compared to the primary current to be measured.
  • the arrangement on only one partial core advantageously results in a reduced number of turns for the second winding. This results in the advantage part that the winding length and the space required for the second winding are greatly reduced.
  • the partial core on which the second winding is arranged can have a smaller cross section than at least one of the remaining partial cores. If a sub-core has a smaller cross-section than the other sub-cores, a smaller portion of the magnetic flux also goes to this sub-core. If the second winding is arranged on this partial core, it comprises an even smaller proportion of the magnetic flux than if all partial cores have the same cross section. As a result, with fixed specifications for the DC/DC converter and the current measurement, a reduced number of turns is achieved for the second winding and thus a smaller winding length and space requirement.
  • the DC/DC converter can also have a primary side full bridge or half bridge, with the series of choke and primary side of the transformer being connected to the midpoint of the half bridge or one of the half bridges of the full bridge. Furthermore, the DC/DC converter can have a rectifier, in particular a diode bridge rectifier, connected to the secondary side of the transformer.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a DC/DC converter based on the LLC principle with MOSFETs as power switches, a transformer and a primary-side choke in series with the transformer,
  • Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of the primary-side choke with integrated current transformer
  • Figures 3 and 4 show an oblique view and a side view of the structure of the primary-side throttle
  • Figure 5 is a side view of a further embodiment of the primary-side throttle.
  • FIG 1 shows an electrical circuit diagram of a DC/DC converter 10 of the LLC type.
  • the DC/DC converter 10 includes a full bridge 110 made of a first to fourth MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) 11...14.
  • MOSFETs 11...14 are shown in Figure 1 together with their body diode. In this exemplary embodiment, these additional components are not actually separate components.
  • the MOSFETs 11...14 form two half-bridges connected in parallel in a known manner, each of the half-bridges comprising two of the MOSFETs 11...14 in series connection in the same direction.
  • the full bridge 110 is connected to the external connections of the half bridges to input connections 15, 16 for a direct voltage.
  • a series circuit consisting of a series resonance inductance 191, a resonance capacitor 192 and a parallel circuit consisting of the primary side 21 of a transformer 20 and a parallel resonance inductance 193 is connected between the midpoints 17, 18 of the half bridges.
  • the secondary side 22 of the transformer 20 is in turn connected to a bridge rectifier 23.
  • the bridge rectifier 23 includes four diodes 24...27, which are connected together to form a full bridge.
  • a smoothing capacitor 29 is connected parallel to the output of the bridge rectifier and parallel to a symbolic load 35.
  • the serial resonance inductance 191 and the current measuring device 194 are built as a common component.
  • the electrical circuit diagram for the common component is shown in Figure 2.
  • the structure of the common component is shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • Figure 3 shows an oblique view
  • Figure 4 shows a side view of the common component.
  • the series resonance inductor 191 includes a ferrite core, which is made up of three sub-cores 201...203.
  • the partial cores 201...203 are each rectangular magnetic cores.
  • the partial cores 201...203 are composed of a U-core and an I-core and have an air gap that can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, which is generated by a corresponding distance between the U- and I-cores.
  • each of the partial cores 201...203 forms a complete magnetic core.
  • the serial resonance inductance 191 is formed by two separate windings 204, 205, which each encompass one of the legs of all three sub-cores 201...203 in the same direction and are connected in series.
  • N prime 6
  • the serial resonance inductance 191 is now used as the primary side and an inductive current transformer is formed.
  • the secondary side is formed by a second winding 1941, which includes the yoke of one of the partial cores 201.
  • the second winding is connected with a current measuring device 1942, for example a shunt resistor with a connected voltage measurement.
  • a current of up to 400 A is to be scaled to a current of up to 0.4 A to be measured by the 1942 ammeter.
  • the ferrite core of the series resonance inductance includes a further partial core 210.
  • This sub-core has the same general structure as the sub-cores 201...203, so in this example it is composed of a U- and an I-core and has an air gap.
  • the further partial core 210 has a smaller cross section than the partial cores 201...203.
  • the cross section for the ferrite core is the sum of the cross sections of the partial cores 201...203, 210. If a DC/DC converter with the same specifications as those of the first exemplary embodiment were to be constructed with a further partial core 210, then it would be expedient if the sum of the cross sections of the partial cores 201...203, 210 were retained. Since the further partial core 210 is now present in addition to the partial cores 201...203, the partial cores 201...203 would be constructed with a slightly smaller cross section than in the first exemplary embodiment, with the overall cross section remaining the same. For the series resonance inductance 191, the further partial core 210 is used in the same way as the partial cores 201...203, so the first winding also includes the further partial core 210.
  • the second winding is now no longer arranged on the first partial core 201, but instead on the further partial core 210. Since its cross section is smaller than that of the partial cores 201...203, there is a lower magnetic flux that is encompassed by the second winding and thus a smaller number of turns required to provide a specific output current.
  • the cross section of the further partial core 210 should be 60% of the cross section of one of the partial cores 201...203 from the first exemplary embodiment. In order to maintain the overall cross section, a cross section of 80% of the cross section of one of the partial cores 201...203 from the first exemplary embodiment is sufficient for the further partial cores.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un convertisseur continu-continu isolé galvaniquement, en particulier présentant une puissance nominale supérieure à 20 kW et en particulier répondant à de hautes exigences en matière de précision et de dynamique de mesure de courant, en particulier un convertisseur LLC, un convertisseur de courant est intégré dans une inductance résonante côté primaire, réalisée en tant que composant séparé du transformateur, ledit convertisseur de courant étant formé par un second enroulement sur le noyau magnétique de l'inductance résonante et par des moyens destinés à détecter le courant circulant dans le second enroulement comme valeur mesurée.
PCT/EP2023/054978 2022-03-25 2023-02-28 Convertisseur continu-continu llc avec transformateur de mesure de courant intégré dans l'inductance WO2023180018A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022202957.7A DE102022202957A1 (de) 2022-03-25 2022-03-25 DC/DC-Wandler
DE102022202957.7 2022-03-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023180018A1 true WO2023180018A1 (fr) 2023-09-28

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DE (1) DE102022202957A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023180018A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS529824A (en) * 1975-07-14 1977-01-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Transformer
DE69513612T2 (de) * 1994-09-29 2000-05-31 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Auslösevorrichtung mit mindestens einem Stromwandler
DE102011082170A1 (de) * 2011-09-06 2013-03-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Stromwandler
US20150124489A1 (en) * 2013-11-07 2015-05-07 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Current Sensing Apparatus for Power Converters
US20190115842A1 (en) * 2016-04-06 2019-04-18 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Power converter
EP3629463A1 (fr) * 2018-09-27 2020-04-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Régulateur de tension continue résonante
EP3787170A1 (fr) * 2018-04-26 2021-03-03 BYD Company Limited Convertisseur continu-continu, chargeur embarqué et véhicule électrique

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6366484B1 (en) 2001-10-08 2002-04-02 Broadband Telcom Power, Inc. Cross current sensing in power conversion
US6765808B1 (en) 2002-12-17 2004-07-20 Broadband Telcom Power, Inc. Power converter with cross current sensing
JP6295173B2 (ja) 2014-05-19 2018-03-14 ローム株式会社 電源装置
JP2020039228A (ja) 2018-09-05 2020-03-12 本田技研工業株式会社 電圧変換装置
EP3713066A1 (fr) 2019-03-21 2020-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Convertisseur de tension continue doté d'un condensateur de circuit oscillant secondaire et procédé de fonctionnement d'un convertisseur de tension continu

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS529824A (en) * 1975-07-14 1977-01-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Transformer
DE69513612T2 (de) * 1994-09-29 2000-05-31 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Auslösevorrichtung mit mindestens einem Stromwandler
DE102011082170A1 (de) * 2011-09-06 2013-03-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Stromwandler
US20150124489A1 (en) * 2013-11-07 2015-05-07 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Current Sensing Apparatus for Power Converters
US20190115842A1 (en) * 2016-04-06 2019-04-18 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Power converter
EP3787170A1 (fr) * 2018-04-26 2021-03-03 BYD Company Limited Convertisseur continu-continu, chargeur embarqué et véhicule électrique
EP3629463A1 (fr) * 2018-09-27 2020-04-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Régulateur de tension continue résonante

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SONJA KLOPPER ET AL: "A Sensor for Balancing Flux in Converters with a High-Frequency Transformer Link", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 33, no. 3, 1 June 1997 (1997-06-01), XP011022206, ISSN: 0093-9994 *

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